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\pard\plain\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'f0\'a8\tab DART\'aa:\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Disk Archive/Retrieval Tool\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Version 1.5\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 LIMITED WARRANTY ON MEDIA AND REPLACEMENT\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 If you discover physical defects in the manuals distributed with an Apple product or in the media on which a software product is distributed, Apple will replace the media or manuals at no charge to you, provided you return the item to be replaced with proo}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 f of purchase to Apple or an authorized Apple dealer during the 90-day period after you purchased the software. In addition, Apple will replace damaged software media and manuals for as long as the software product is included in Apple's Media Exchange Pro}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 gram. While not an upgrade or update method, this program offers additional protection for up to two years or more from the date of your original purchase. See your authorized Apple dealer for program coverage and details. In some countries the replacement}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  period may be different; check with your authorized Apple dealer.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES ON THE MEDIA AND MANUALS, INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE LIMITED IN DURATION TO NINETY (90) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF THE ORIGINAL RETAIL PURCHASE OF THIS PRODUCT.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Even though Apple has tested the software and reviewed the documentation, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO SOFTWARE, ITS QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A R}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ESULT, THIS SOFTWARE IS SOLD \'d2AS IS,\'d3 AND YOU THE PURCHASER ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE SOFTWARE OR ITS DOCUMENTATION, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. In particular, Apple shall have no liab}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ility for any programs or data stored in or used with Apple products, including the costs of recovering such programs or data.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  other rights which vary from state to state.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'f0\'a8\tab DART\'aa:\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Disk Archive/Retrieval Tool\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Version 1.5\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'f0 APPLE COMPUTER, INC.  \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved.  Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software o}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 r to make a backup copy of the software.  The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original.  This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the m}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 aterial purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to another person.  Under the law, copying includes translating into another language or format.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be made for this purpose.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a91987-91 Apple Computer, Inc.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 20525 Mariani Avenue\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Cupertino, CA  95014\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 (408) 996-1010\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Apple, the Apple logo, AppleTalk, Apple IIgs, AppleShare, A/UX, Lisa, Macintosh, MultiFinder, and ProDOS are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.  \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART, Disk Copy, APDA, Finder, and LocalTalk are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.  \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 HyperCard is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. licensed to Claris Corporation.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.  \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ITC Garamond is a registered trademark of International Typeface Corporation.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Contents\'ca\'ca\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab Preface\tab About This Manual\'ca\'ca\'ca\'cav\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 About this manual\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'cav\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 How to use this manual\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'cavi\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab Chapter 1\tab Uses for DART\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca7\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 What is DART?\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca9\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Differences Between DART and Other Utilities\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca11\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Disk Types Recognized By DART\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca12\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 A Word About Copy Protection\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca15\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab Chapter 2\tab Installing DART\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca17\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Installing DART using Floppy Disks\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca19\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Using DART from a Compact Disk\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca19\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Installing DART on a Hard Disk\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca20\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab Chapter 3\tab Using DART\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca21\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Getting Started\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca23\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Starting the Application\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca23\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Source and Destination\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca23\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Parts of the Window\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca24\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Moving the Window\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca25\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Controls\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca25\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Source and Destination\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca25\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 File Options\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca26\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Disk Options\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca27\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Menus\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca28\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Start Button\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca28\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab Chapter 4\tab Appendices\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Appendix A\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca31\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Structure of a Disk\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca33\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Interleave\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca35\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Appendix B\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca37\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Checksums\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca39\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Appendix C\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca41\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Apple Event Support\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca43\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The \'d4cnvt\'d5 Event\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca44\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Preface\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 About This Manual\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The DART\'aa User\'d5s Guide describes the use of the utility DART\'aa: Disk Archive/Retrieval Tool, designed for use with your Macintosh\'a8 Computer.  DART can be found on the disk included with this package.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 This manual describes how and when to use DART, and gives you a better understanding of how it can be used as an effective tool for disk archival and duplication.  You should already be familiar with the basic operation of your Macintosh computer before co}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ntinuing on with this guide.  If you need basic operating instructions for your Macintosh, refer to the Macintosh System Software User\'d5s Guide for more information.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 How to use this manual\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Read the chapter descriptions below to find out which sections you would find most useful.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a5\tab Chapter 1 tells you about some of the typical uses for DART, as well as some differences between DART and other programs that perform similar functions.  Chapter 1 also explains the disk formats that DART can be used with, and provides some background in}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 formation that you may find helpful in understanding how the application works.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a5\tab Chapter 2 shows how to install the software on floppy disks, hard disks, and gives information on running DART from a compact disc.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a5\tab Chapter 3 describes the characteristics of DART\'d5s main window, and how the different controls and options can be used to customize the making of disks.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Appendices\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a5\tab Appendix A  describes the structure of information on a disk.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a5\tab Appendix B discusses \'d2checksums\'d3 and how they can be useful in verifying the authenticity of a disk.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a5\tab Appendix C documents the types of Apple events supported by this version of DART, and how they can be used to convert older disk image files to DART 1.5\'d5s compressed format.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Chapter 1\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Uses for DART\'ca\'ca\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 This chapter gives you an understanding of some of the uses for DART and how you can use DART to create files and duplicate disks.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 What is DART?\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART Application\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART\'aa: Disk Archive/Retrieval Tool is a utility that enables you to duplicate and archive floppy disks.  DART does this in one of two ways: either by copying the contents of one disk onto another, or by placing an exact image of the disk\'d5s contents into a }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 single file for later use.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 An Analogy\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 To better understand DART, consider the following analogy: when you use a camera to take a picture of something, you typically will save the negatives that the photo processor returns to you so that you may later make more copies of some of those pictures.}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1   In normal circumstances, the pictures created from that negative will be identical to the originals that you received.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab Scene\tab Camera\tab Negative\tab Developer\tab Pictures\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab Master Disk\tab DART\tab DART File\tab DART\tab Duplicate Disks\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure 1-1\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART achieves a similar result with disks.  When DART creates a DART File, that file can be used by DART much like the negative is used by the photo developer.  As long as you have the DART File, you may create as many duplicates of the disk as you need.  }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 These disks will contain the exact same files and information as the original master disk.  Since the information on the disk is digital, duplicates will be exact copies of the original masters.  The negatives by themselves aren\'d5t useful to look at, but ra}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ther they are used to create the pictures when they are processed.  Like negatives, DART Files contain all of a disk\'d5s files and formatting information in a special form, but the files cannot be used directly without being transformed back into a disk firs}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 t.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Just as you use a camera to take a picture of an entire scene instead of just the subjects in that scene, DART will retain all of the files and the special formatting information contained on the source disk.  This can be beneficial in situations where you}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  need to do more than just save copies of the files from a disk.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART is most useful when you save the DART Files onto a mass storage device (such as a hard disk) for later retrieval, or when someone else has already created a collection of these files for you (such as on a compact disc).  User Groups, Libraries and Sup}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 port Personnel will find DART an invaluable tool for keeping \'d2golden masters\'d3 of their most frequently used disks.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Differences Between DART and Other Utilities\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Backup Utilities\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART can be used to \'d2backup\'d3 floppy disks, but is not as versatile a backup tool as other commercially available utilities.  Backup utilities are often much more useful for this purpose and will provide options that are designed to intelligently recognize }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 which files have been changed on a disk before backing them up.  On the other hand, DART doesn\'d5t make any assumptions about the information on a disk; this is actually one of the features of the tool that allows it to be used with disks that the Macintosh }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 cannot normally read such as (Lisa\'aa and Apple II disks).  DART stores the disk\'d5s contents in such a way that it can rebuild the entire disk, not just the files that were on it.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 File Compression and Grouping Utilities\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Some utilities allow the grouping of many individual files into a single package for ease of storage and distribution.  While these utilities are closer in function to DART than backup utilities, they are usually only useful for Macintosh-formatted disks, }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 and they don\'d5t normally retain all of the disk\'d5s other formatting information.  You typically would use a file compression utility when archiving a file, and use DART when archiving an entire disk.  The \'d2disk image\'d3 file created by DART is compressed in or}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 der to conserve space, so its size is usually comparable to that obtained by using a separate utility to archive the individual files on the disk.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Disk Types Recognized By DART\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 GCR and MFM\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Most 3.5" floppy disks are formatted using one of two low-level encoding methods.  The two most common types are GCR  (Group Code Recording) and MFM  (Modified Frequency Modulation).  DART has the ability to recognize all Macintosh 3.5" disks, as well as A}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 pple II, Lisa, MS-DOS, and several other 3.5" disk types.  A Macintosh equipped with at least one FDHD\'aa/SuperDrive\'aa can read, write and format all of the following types:\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Disk Type\tab Size (kilobytes)\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh Single-Sided\tab 400\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh Double-Sided\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh High Density\tab 1440\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Lisa Office System\tab 400\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Any other Single-Sided GCR1\tab 400\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Apple II Pascal (3.5\'d3 only)\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Apple II ProDOS\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Any other Double-Sided GCR2\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Lisa Diagnostic Disks\tab 400\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh Diagnostic Disks\tab 400, 800 & 1440\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Apple II Diagnostics\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh A/UX\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 MSDOS Double-Sided\tab 720\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Any other Double-Sided MFM3\tab 720\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 MSDOS High Density\tab 1440\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Any other High Density MFM3\tab 1440\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 1Disk Type will be identified as \'d2Lisa\'d3\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 2Disk Type will be identified as \'d2Apple II\'d3\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 3Disk Type will be identified as \'d2MS-DOS\'d3\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Table 1-1\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh systems that do not have a FDHD/SuperDrive can read, write and format the following types of disks.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Disk Type\tab Size (kilobytes)\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh Single-Sided\tab 400\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh Double-Sided\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Lisa Office System\tab 400\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Any other Single-Sided GCR1\tab 400\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Apple II Pascal (3.5\'d3 only)\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Apple II ProDOS\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Any other Double-Sided GCR2\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Lisa Diagnostic Disks\tab 400\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh Diagnostic Disks\tab 400 & 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Apple II Diagnostics\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh A/UX\tab 800\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 1Disk Type will be identified as \'d2Lisa\'d3\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 2Disk Type will be identified as \'d2Apple II\'d3\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Table 1-2\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 FDHD\'aa/SuperDrive\'aa Support\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 When Apple introduced the Macintosh IIx computer, a new type of disk drive was incorporated into the design of the system that enabled it to read and write MFM formatted disks.  This allowed programs such as Apple File Exchange to be able to read disks tha}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 t were originally created on MS-DOS computers.  DART enables computers that are configured with the FDHD to archive those disks in the same way that the other (GCR) disk types can be archived.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The FDHD disk drive is capable of reading and writing all of the previous disk types (single-sided and double-sided) as well as the newer High Density format.  The High Density (HD) format is capable of storing up to 1.4 megabytes of data on one disk, almo}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 st twice the storage capacity of a double-sided disk.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 With the High Density format, information is stored on the disk using thinner \'d2tracks\'d3 of information, which are placed closer together than double-density tracks.  This method of writing and reading disks requires newer technology than is present in singl}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 e or double-sided drives, so Macintosh systems that are not equipped with the FDHD disk drive are not capable of using the High Density disks properly.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 High Density Symbol\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 High Density disks are usually marked with the HD symbol to identify that they are capable of holding more information than other (single or double-sided) disks.  Most of the High Density disks will also have an extra hole located on the top-left of the pl}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 astic shell.  This hole is on the opposite side of the write-protect whole, and it does not have the sliding tab typically found on 3.5\'d3 disks for changing the write status of the disk.  This hole is often referred to as the Bonus Hole.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure 1-2\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 This hole is very important for Macintosh FDHD disk drives, because the presence of this hole is what signals the FDHD that a High Density disk has been inserted.  In fact, the FDHD will only read and write disks with the bonus hole in the High Density for}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 mat, since this is the only reliable format allowed for that type of disk.  This can present some frustrations when High Density disks are used in non-FDHD disk drives.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The older single and double-sided disk drives are not configured to sense the bonus hole, and will unknowingly allow High Density disks to be formatted as single or double-sided instead.  If a High-Density disk is formatted as a single or double-sided disk}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  in an older drive and then inserted into a FDHD, the Macintosh will attempt to read the improperly-formatted disk in its normal High Density mode.  Since there is no High Density information on the disk, the Macintosh will report that the disk has not bee}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 n initialized or is damaged, even though there may still be valid data on the disk in the lower density format.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART will check to see which drives are installed on a system before attempting to create a disk to make sure that the disk can be duplicated successfully.  If a High Density or MS-DOS DART File has been selected as the source and there are no FDHD drives }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 connected to the computer, then DART will inform you that it cannot use that source for duplicating.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 A Word About Copy Protection\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Copy Protection\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Copy Protection is a term used to describe any of several different methods that some manufacturers of software use to curtail the illegal and unauthorized copying of their products.  There are many different methods used to \'d2copy protect\'d3 a disk, but most}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  can be put into two categories: that which utilizes non-standard digital information on the master disk, and that which uses standard disk information to achieve the desired results.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Those disks which are copy protected with the first method will often alter the low-level information on a disk in certain areas which are not normally used by anything but the Macintosh Operating System and internal disk drivers.  This particular method w}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ill usually cause DART to encounter read errors when attempting to read the area of the disk that is protected.  Since DART is not designed to \'d2defeat\'d3 copy protection, only standard methods of reading, writing and formatting disks are used by the program.}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Disks that utilize more generic methods of copy protection may be duplicated by DART with no special procedures necessary.  Be sure before using DART that you check the license agreements pertaining to your software before making archival backups or distri}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 buting software.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The DART disk that you received is not copy protected, and you are encouraged to make a backup copy of your original disk for safekeeping.\tab \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Chapter 2\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Installing DART\'ca\'ca\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 This chapter provides instructions for installing DART on your Macintosh computer system.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Installing DART using Floppy Disks\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART comes on a single floppy disk that is already configured for use in most Macintosh computer systems.  Simply insert the disk with DART on it in your computer, then double-click on the DART application in order to start.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The DART disk is pre-configured with a System Folder containing the most recent System Software at the time the disk was made.  It\'d5s possible that your computer may require a newer version of the System Software than DART was configured with, as would be i}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ndicated in a dialog box on your screen when you try to start up.  If this is the case, you may need to update the System Software on the DART disk before proceeding.  To update the System Software on the DART disk, see the Macintosh System Software User\'d5s}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  Guide and follow the procedures outlined for your particular computer.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a5\tab You will normally want to keep your original DART disk locked as a safeguard against the possibility of accidental erasure, but you may leave the disk unlocked if you desire.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Using DART from a Compact Disc\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART is a very useful tool when used in combination with a compact disc, due to the fact that many DART files can be maintained on a single, unalterable disc.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART was designed to run without special considerations from a compact disc.  All you need to do is double-click on the application or one of the DART files that is on the disc.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Some compact discs come with a special launcher or engine which is used to navigate through the disc.  These compact discs may have their own methods of starting DART; to be sure, refer to any manuals or documentation that may have come with the compact di}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 sc for more information regarding its use.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Installing DART on a Hard Disk\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART is a stand-alone application that requires no special files (other than itself) in order to run properly on your Macintosh.  For this reason, installation on a hard disk is quite simple:\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 1)\tab Create a new folder to contain DART on your Hard Disk by selecting \'d2New Folder\'d3 from the File menu while using the Finder (if you wish DART to be in its own folder), then\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 2)\tab Copy DART to the Hard Disk by dragging it to the location on the disk where you want it to be placed.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 If you need a better understanding of copying files using the Macintosh, see the Macintosh System Software User\'d5s Guide  for more details on this process.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Chapter 3\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Using DART\'ca\'ca\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 This Chapter explains how to use DART, and gives information about some of DART\'d5s controls and optional features.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Getting Started\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Starting DART\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 To start up the application, double-click on DART or one of the DART Files that has already been created by the application.  If you\'d5re running System 7.0 or later, you can also start up by dragging a DART or Disk Copy\'aa file icon onto the DART application }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 icon.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab DART\tab DART Files\tab Disk Copy File\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure 3-1\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a5\tab Note:  If you\'d5re using MultiFinder\'aa or System 7.0 on your Macintosh, DART can already be running when you double-click on one of its files.  This will tell DART to use that file as the source.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Source and Destination\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART uses the concept of a source and a destination to designate the disks to be copied or mastered.  A valid source or destination can be any of the following:\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure 3-2\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART will normally allow only one DART File designation for any transfer; in other words, the source and destination are not allowed to be DART Files at the same time (unless you are converting an older disk image file to DART 1.5 format with the Save As\'c9 }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 command, described later in this chapter.)  This activity would actually be no more than simply copying a file, a task much better suited for the Finder.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Macintosh systems with only one floppy drive can have the source and destination both set for Drive 1.  DART will prompt you for each disk as it is needed for the transfer process.  It is important to note that DART recognizes the source disk as the one wh}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ich is write-protected, and the destination disk as the one which is write-enabled.  For this reason, DART always checks the write protect status of each disk before proceeding, regardless of the source and destination designations.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The Main Window\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The main window displayed on the screen while DART is in use is organized into five sections, as shown below:\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure 3-3\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Moving the Main Window\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART\'aa Prefs File\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART\'d5s main window can be moved anywhere on the screen (or screens) that you wish.  DART will remember the last place the window was moved to and store this information in a file called DART\'aa Prefs.  If you\'d5re running System 7.0 or later, this file will be}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  placed in the Preferences folder inside the System Folder.  Otherwise, the file will normally be placed in the same folder that DART is in, but if the file cannot be put there successfully, it will be placed in the System Folder on the default drive.  Upo}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 n starting up, DART checks to see if the main window location is valid.  If there is a problem placing the window in the specified location, DART will center the window on the main screen automatically (the main screen is the one with the menu bar on it.)\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Option-Drag\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 If you wish to move the window temporarily without DART remembering the new location, hold down the option key on the keyboard before dragging the window around.  If you want DART to center the window on the main screen the next time it starts up, simply m}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ove the DART\'aa Prefs file or throw it away.  DART will not create this file unless the window is moved without holding the option key down.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART Controls\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Source and Destination\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 In the Source and Destination boxes, DART makes use of radio buttons (see below) to designate the actual location of the source and destination disks/files.  Only one radio button can be active at a time; clicking on one of them selects that location, and }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 automatically deselects the others.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure 3-4\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Whenever a source (either a file or a disk) is presented to DART, the disk\'d5s type is ascertained and the possible destination drives are scanned for functionality.  For example, if you have two disk drives but only one of them is capable of handling MS-DOS}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  disks and that type of disk is inserted in the source drive, the destinations will be limited to that disk drive and a DART File.  This is due to the fact that only FDHD disk drives can read and write MS-DOS format.  Standard double-sided disk drives are }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 not capable of reading and writing this type of disk properly, so any drives connected of that type are not valid for use as a destination.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 It\'d5s important to realize that standard double-sided disk drives cannot recognize MS-DOS or High Density disks.  If one of these types of disks is inserted into a standard double-sided disk drive, it will not be readable on that system \'d0 DART will not be a}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ble to read any information from that disk, and will not be able to use that disk as a source disk.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 A  potential problem can result when you attempt to use DART to create a single or double-sided disk and you insert a High Density disk in a standard double-sided drive.  Since the standard double-sided drive cannot sense the bonus hole that normally indic}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ates the special High Density media, the disk will be formatted and used as a standard double-sided disk.  This is a problem that only you can prevent, because the double-sided drive simply has no way of identifying which type of disk has been inserted int}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 o it.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Destination File Options\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 When the destination is a DART file, the type of compression to use on the file can be selected.  Fast compression (standard run-length encoding, or RLE for short) takes very little time, but generally results in larger DART files.  The Best option impleme}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 nts a modified version of the Lempel-Ziv data compression algorithm, with adaptive Huffman encoding  (LZH for short.)  This option produces much smaller files, but takes more time.  The selected compression option remains in effect for the current transfer}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  process and subsequent transfers, until you change it.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Destination Disk Options\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 When the destination is a disk, DART has two options that can be enabled before starting the transfer process \'d0 Format Disk and Multiple Copies.  These options are in effect for the current transfer process and will reset to their \'d2off\'d3 condition after the}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  current transfer process is completed.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Format Disk\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Format Disk is used to tell DART to do a low-level format of the destination.  Formatting the disk may be required whenever you wish to make sure that the special sector and track marks on the disk are re-written, or when the disk has never been formatted }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 before.  Formatting sets up the disk to receive the information that is normally written to and read from the disk when you use applications and save documents, and tells the computer exactly where to store that data.  Formatting may also be required if yo}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 u attempt to use a disk as the destination that once had a copy-protected application on it.  Copy-protected disks usually cannot be used as the source.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Formatting a disk that has already been formatted (and is not copy-protected) is not usually required, and may be undesirable in some cases.  This is most noticeable when the disk that you are creating will be used on a non-Macintosh computer (such as a Li}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 sa or a IIgs computer).  The difference lies in the interleave of the disk (see Appendix A for more information on interleave).  Each computer\'d5s disk drive is optimized for a particular interleave factor.  If the disk is formatted using a drive with a high}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 er or lower interleave than the drive it will eventually be used on, the disk will read and write slower than normal.  For best results, format the disk first on the computer that it will be used on, then create the disk with the Format Disk option turned }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 off.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Multiple Copies\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Multiple Copies is used to make many copies of the same disk.  With this option turned on before the transfer process begins, DART will continually prompt you for the next disk until you press the period (.) key while holding down the\'ca\'cakey.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 File Menu\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The File menu contains four options:  New, Open, Save As\'c9, and Quit.  New is used to create a new destination DART file, and is functionally the same as pressing the DART File button in the Destination box.  Open is used to open existing DART or Disk Copy }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 image files, and is functionally the same as pressing the DART File button in the Source box.  Save As\'c9 allows you to save the current Source file as a new DART 1.5 file.   Quit is used to quit the program.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Edit Menu\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The Edit menu contains the standard Edit commands Undo, Cut, Copy, Paste and Clear.  These items currently have no particular meaning for DART, so while DART\'d5s window is active, these items are not available.  To use these menu items, click on a desk acces}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 sory window to bring it to the front.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Transfer Process\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Start Button\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 To start the transfer process, simply click the Start button.  Both the Source and Destination must be in the \'d2Ready\'d3 state before this button is active, however.  The source must be assigned (Drive 1, Drive 2 or DART File) and  identified (disk must be in}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  place, or a file selected) before the Source is considered \'d2Ready.\'d3  Likewise, the destination also has to be assigned and in place to be considered \'d2Ready.\'d3  DART displays the following indicator in the source and destination areas to identify when the S}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ource and/or Destination is ready:\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure 3-5\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Once the Start button is pressed, DART begins creating the disk or image file using the specified options, prompting you to switch disks whenever that is necessary.  (You can cancel at any point  by pressing the period key while holding down the\'ca\'cakey.)  Af}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ter all of the disk image has been transferred successfully, DART will report \'d2checksum\'d3 information about that disk.  (If the destination was a DART File, the amount of storage saved through data compression will also be reported.)  Checksum information c}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 an be used to uniquely identify a particular disk.  For more information about this feature, please refer to Appendix B.\tab \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Appendix A\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Structure of a Disk\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 This Appendix will help you better understand the way information is stored on a disk.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Structure of Information on a Disk\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Tracks and Sectors\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Disks are magnetic media that store information in the form of a stream of bits.  In order to access the information in a random fashion, this information is subdivided into groups called blocks or sectors, and each sector has a fixed amount of information}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  in it.  To read or write information to the disk, the computer\'d5s Operating System will ask the disk driver to transfer one or more blocks of information from or to the disk.  Information is always transferred in complete sectors to utilize the disk drive }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 efficiently.  The sectors on the disk are organized side-by-side into concentric rings (or tracks).\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure A-1\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 In each of Apple\'d5s microfloppy 3.5\'d3 drives, the sector size is always 512 bytes.  The number of sectors in a given track will vary from one track to the next in order to accomodate a similar density of information in all tracks (this does not apply to MFM }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 and High Density disks).  A common analogy for sectors would be the pages in a book.  A  disk is like a book, the sectors are like pages in the book, and files on the disk are like chapters in the book.  All of the pages are the same size (like disk sector}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 s), but the files on the disk (like the chapters in the book) may require anywhere from a partial sector to many sectors.  The size of the page does not change the information in the chapters any more than the sector size changes information in the files.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Tags\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Each sector of information on non-MFM disks has associated with it special information called tag data.  This information was designed to help verify the integrity of the file system and recover lost files by data recovery programs.  Included in this infor}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 mation were fields such as file number, resource or data fork, and modification date of file.  In theory, this was a good idea; in practice, it didn\'d5t work all that well and was costly to include in drives.  As a result of this, the concept of tag data was}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  dropped for all new drive technology after the double-sided drive was introduced.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Tag information was especially important for Lisa disks, as the Operating System would not function properly without this information being intact.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Interleave\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 In many disk drives, the data moves by the read/write heads faster than the drive\'d5s controller can process the information continuously.  This poses a problem when a series of contiguous blocks are read or written, because these drives can normally read or}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  write only one sector before having to pause momentarily to process the information that was just read.  While the data is being processed, the disk surface is still moving past the read/write heads.  If several adjoining blocks are needed, the disk has t}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 o spin through extra revolutions to get to the next blocks.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 To remedy this situation, sectors on the disk are laid out in an interleaved order.  The drive will process the first sector\'d5s information as the next sector on the disk nears the read/write head.  On a drive/disk combination where the interleave factors m}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 atch, the drive is finished processing the first requested sector just before the next requested one reaches the read/write head.  This enables the drive to read the next sector without having to rotate the disk to get to it.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Disks with contiguous sectors arranged side-by-side are said to have a 1:1 interleave.  When sectors are interleaved by one, they have a 2:1 interleave, by two, 3:1, by three, 4:1, etc.  Macintosh disk drives use a 2:1 interleave, while most Apple II disk }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 drives use a 4:1 (although some Apple IIGS\'aa Systems can be configured for 2:1).\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Generally, you will want to keep the interleave factor matched between disks and disk drives as much as possible, so it makes sense to know the source and destination interleave factors in advance of making a disk.  DART does not change the inherent interl}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 eave factor of a disk that has already been formatted unless you turn on the Format Disk option. If you want to make sure that a disk has the same interleave as the drive it will be used on, format the disk on the destination computer before creating the d}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 isk with DART, and don\'d5t use the Format Disk option unless you really need to.\tab \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Appendix B\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Checksums\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 This Appendix will help you better understand checksums.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  Checksums\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 What is a checksum?\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Checksums are numbers that are derived by applying a special formula to a series of data.  This fornula is designed such that any change in the data series (either through a re-order or transformation) will cause the checksum that is derived from the data }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 to change as well.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 In the case of DART, checksums are used to help verify the contents of a particular disk.  When DART creates a file or disk, two checksums are computed for the data on the disk: one for the regular sector information and one for the tag data.  DART will re}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 port these checksums to you in the message area when the transfer process is complete.  These checksums can be written down for future reference.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Using the checksum information, you can verify that two disks are exactly the same.  Note that \'d2exactly the same\'d3 is not the same thing as \'d2contain the same files,\'d3 since the disk structure and size could still be different.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Checksum Algorithm\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The algorithm that DART uses to compute the checksum information is as follows:\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 checksum = 0 (32 bit checksum)\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 loop counter = buffer size \'d6 2 (buffer size in 16-bit words)\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 point to start of buffer\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 loop:\tab get next 16-bit word from the buffer\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab zero-extend the word ($0000xxxx)\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab add the zero-extended word to the checksum (32-bits)\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab rotate the checksum (32-bits) right one bit\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab \tab (C[i-1]=C[i], C[31]=C[0])\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab decrement loop counter\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab if loop counter \'ad 0 then go back to loop\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Many thanks to Steve Christensen for this algorithm.\tab \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Appendix C\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Apple Event Support\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 This Appendix documents the Apple event types implemented in version 1.5 of DART when running System 7.0 or later, and explains how these events can be used to automate the conversion of older disk image files to DART 1.5 format.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  Apple event support\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Uses for Apple events in DART 1.5\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Many user groups, support personnel, and software librarians have sizeable archives of disk images created by Disk Copy or earlier versions of DART.  As more disk images are added to the collection, the space available for their storage becomes limited.  C}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 onverting these files to DART 1.5\'d5s compressed format can substantially reduce the amount of storage required, but converting hundreds of  disk images \'d2by hand\'d3 is an impractical, time-consuming solution.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Using Apple events and program linking under System 7.0, you can tell DART to convert a single file or hundreds of files automatically.  A new set of files can be created, leaving the old ones intact, or you can replace the existing files entirely.  The co}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 py of DART that you use for the conversion process can be running on your own Macintosh, or on a remote machine across a network.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Supported events\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART supports the \'d2required\'d3 set of Apple events:  open application ('oapp'), open document ('odoc'), print document ('pdoc'), and quit application ('quit').  Refer to Inside Macintosh, Volume VI  for further information on these events.  In addition, DART}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  accepts a custom \'d2convert document\'d3 event ('cnvt') to convert a single file.  You can process any number of files by sending multiple 'cnvt' events to DART.  A HyperCard\'aa stack which implements this process under script control is included on your DART di}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 sk.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 The cnvt event\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 When DART receives a cnvt event, it examines the two required event parameters to see if they contain valid pathnames (a source file pathname specifying the file to be converted, and a destination file pathname specifying the name for the new file.)  If th}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 e destination file doesn\'d5t exist, a new file is created; if the file already exists, a temporary file is created that will replace the existing file if the conversion is successful.  DART then converts the file.  If no errors occurred, DART returns the siz}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 e of the new file (in bytes) as a character string, in the keyErrorString parameter of the reply Apple event.  If an error occurred, the error code is returned in the keyErrorString parameter.    The result of the reply Apple event is always noErr, since D}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ART deals with any errors it encounters; you can distinguish between a successful conversion and an error by noting that file sizes are positive numbers, while error codes are negative.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Event Class:\tab 'DART'\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Event ID:\tab \tab 'cnvt'\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Event Parameters\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Description\tab Req\tab Keyword\tab Type\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Source File (full pathname)\tab req\tab 'dsrc'\tab typeChar\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Destination (full pathname)\tab req\tab 'ddst'\tab typeChar\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Reply Parameters\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Description\tab Req\tab Keyword\tab Type\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 New file size (or error code)\tab req\tab 'errs'\tab typeChar\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Possible Errors\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Error\tab Description\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 paramErr (-50)\tab not a file that DART can open!\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 errAEWaitCanceled (-1711)\tab transfer was aborted with cmd-.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 internal error (-10001)\tab bad header info was encountered\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 internal error (-10002)\tab uncompressed data wrong size\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 internal error (-10003)\tab checksums didn\'d5t match!\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 others...\tab various File Manager errors\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNdhvp|)\'a8\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNdY\'8fu\'db)DART\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'f0~\'a91987-91 Apple Computer, Inc.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*20525 Mariani Avenue\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Cupertino, CA  95014\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*(408) 996-1010\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Apple, the Apple logo,\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'81\'b4\'d2\'bf1*What is DART?\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca9\'a1dONLNd\'96\'c2\'d2\'cd\'c6*4Differences Between DART and Other Utilities\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca11\'a1dONLNd\'cb\'d0\'d2\'db\'8e*%Disk Types Recognized By DART\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca12\'a1dONLNd\'f1\'de\'d2\'e9\'82*$A Word About Copy Protection\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca15\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 W)IInstalling DART\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca17\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd7\'d2!\'98**Installing DART using Floppy Disks\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca19\'a1dONLNdb$\'d2/\'92*&Using DART from a Compact Disk\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca19\'a1dONLNd\'892\'d2=\'85*&Installing DART on a Hard Disk\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca20\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Getting Started\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca23\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  Starting the Application\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca23\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Source and Destination\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca23\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Parts of the Window\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca24\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Moving the Window\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca25\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'de\'e4Controls\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca25\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Source and Destination\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca25\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*File Options\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca26\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Disk Options\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca27\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Menus\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca28\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Start Button\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca28\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Appendices\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Appendix A\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca\'ca31\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 _\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'92\'c6\'b0\'b1+>9About This Manual\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd`\'c6l\'fa*\'c0The DART\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd"`\'fah(\'85\'aa\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd#`l\'d4+. User\'d5s Guide describes the use of the utility\'a1dONLNdRn\'c6z\'e5(\'96\'e4DART\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNdVn\'e5v\'ed(\'93\'aa\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNdWn\'edz\{+: Disk Archive/Retrieval Tool,\'a1dONLNdun\{z\'e4)\'8e designed for use with\'a1dONLNd\'8c|\'c6\'88(\'a4\'e4your Macintosh\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'9a|\'84(\'a1.\'a8\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'9b|\'88\'e8+) Computer.  DART can be found on the disk\'a1dONLNd\'c5\'8a\'c6\'96G(\'b2\'e4included with this package.\'a1dONLNd\'e1\'9f\'c6\'ab\'ed*9This manual describes how and when to use DART, and gives\'a1dONLNd\'ad\'c6\'b9\'c6*6you a better understanding of how it can be used as an\'a1dONLNdR\'bb\'c6\'c7\'df*=effectiv}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 e tool for disk archival and duplication.  You should\'a1dONLNd\'90\'c9\'c6\'d5\'ea*>already be familiar with the basic operation of your Macintosh\'a1dONLNd\'cf\'d7\'c6\'e3\'e0*;computer before continuing on with this guide.  If you need\'a1dONLNd\'e5\'c6\'f1\'df*=basic operating instructions for your Mac}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 intosh, refer to the\'a1dONLNdI\'f3\'c6\'ff\'ba*/Macintosh System Software User\'d5s Guide for more\'a1dONLNdy\'c6\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 information.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'a1dONLNd[\'c6kc+\'e4\'86How to use this manual\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNdz\'c6\'86\'ed*>Read the chapter descriptions below to find out which sections\'a1dONLNdV\'88\'c6\'94M*you would find most useful.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNdr\'a1\'c6\'a7\'c8*\'a5\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNdt\'9d\'d4\'a9\'cf)6Chapter 1 tells you about some of the typical uses for\'a1dONLNd\'ab\'ab\'d4\'b7\'db*2DART, as well as some differences between DART and\'a1dONLNd\'de\'b9\'d4\'c5\'e3*9other programs that perform similar functions.  Chapter 1\'a1dONLNd\'c7\'d4\'d3\'ec*:also explains the disk formats that DART}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  can be used with,\'a1dONLNdS\'d5\'d4\'e1\'e2*5and provides some background information that you may\'a1dONLNd\'89\'e3\'d4\'ef\'e1*8find helpful in understanding how the application works.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'c2\'fc\'c6\'c8( \'e4\'a5\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'c4\'f8\'d4\'d5)5Chapter 2 shows how to install the software on floppy\'a1dONLNd\'fa\'d4\'ec*8disks, hard disks, and gives information on running DART\'a1dONLNd3\'d4 7*from a compact disc.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNdH-\'c63\'c8(Q\'e4\'a5\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNdJ)\'d45\'d9)6Chapter 3 describes the characteristics of DART\'d5s main\'a1dONLNd\'817\'d4C\'eb*9window, and how the different controls and options can be\'a1dONLNd\'bbE\'d4Q\'8c*&used to customize the making of disks.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'e2l\'c6|(\'97\'e4\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Appendices\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ed\'88\'c6\'8e\'c8*\'a5\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ef\'84\'d4\'90\'da)7Appendix A  describes the structure of information on a\'a1dONLNd'\'92\'d4\'9e\'ec*disk.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd-\'ab\'c6\'b1\'c8(\'cf\'e4\'a5\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd/\'a7\'d4\'b3\'e2)4Appendix B discusses \'d2checksums\'d3 and how they can be\'a1dONLNdd\'b5\'d4\'c1\'a5*/useful in verifying the authenticity of a disk.\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'94\'ce\'c6\'d4\'c8(\'f2\'e4\'a5\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'96\'ca\'d4\'d6\'bd).Appendix C documents the types of Apple events\'a1dONLNd\'c5\'d8\'d4\'e4\'e3*6supported by this version of DART, and how they can be\'a1dONLNd\'fc\'e6\'d4\'f2\'ce*4used to convert older disk image files to DART 1.5\'d5s\'a1dONLNd1\'f4\'d42*compressed format.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'adHlvi\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'9cHow to use this manual\'ff\'d7#\'ff\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 _,Times\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 _\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Uses for DART\'d4\'a1dONLNd\'92\'86\'b0\'96)\'c0\'ca\'ca\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 *\'a1dONLNdI\'c6s\'e0(\'88\'e4T\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd`\'e0l\'df)5his chapter gives you an understanding of some of the\'a1dONLNdQn\'c6z\'ec(\'96\'e4:uses for DART and how you can use DART to create files and\'a1dONLNd\'8c|\'c6\'88*duplicate disks.\'ffn\'d7#\'ff\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'ff\'ff\'ff\'ff#\'d7\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 _\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 _,Times\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'f0\'92\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 What is DART?\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*IDART\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'d8\'aa\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+7: Disk Archive/Retrieval Tool is a utility that enables\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'e9\'f0=you to duplicate and archive floppy disks.  DART does this in\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;one of two ways: either by copying the contents of one disk\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*8onto another, or by placing an exac}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 t image of the disk\'d5s\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff**contents into a single file for later use.\'a0\'82\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'d5\'89\'f5\'a9\'90\'80  HHi\'e0k\'8c\'ff\'ff\'ff\'ff\'ff\'ff  \'d5\'89\'f5\'a9\'ff\'ff\'e0@\'90@\'d0@\'90@\'80?\'ff\'fc\'98H&HBH\'86H\'89H\'b2H\'e4H\'f8H\'90H;O\'ffV\'90@\'acP@X0C\'fd\'f8DhD\'e20D\'e3D\'e4\'80D\'e8`D\'e0?\'c7$$?\'ff\'f8\'a0\'83\'d4\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 _,\tab Geneva\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(jDART Application\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'861:To better understand DART, consider the following analogy:\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*9when you use a camera to take a picture of something, you\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:typically will save the negatives that the photo processor\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*8returns to you so that you may later }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 make more copies of\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>some of those pictures.  In normal circumstances, the pictures\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Bcreated from that negative will be identical to the originals that\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 you received.\'d4\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(6t\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 creates a \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)+\tab DART File\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)4), that file can be used by DART much like\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'96\'e4<the negative is used by the photo developer.  As long as you\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 <have the DART File, you may create as many duplicates of the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 =files and information as the original master disk.  Since the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 <information on the disk is digital, duplicates will be exact\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 <copies of the original masters.  The negatives by themselves\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 @aren\'d5t useful to look at, but rather they are used to create the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 7pictures when they are processed.  Like negatives, DART\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 AFiles contain all of a disk\'d5s files and formatting information in\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 =a special form, but the files cannot be used directly without\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 )being transformed back into a disk first.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=Just as you use a camera to take a picture of an entire scene\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*@instead of just the subjects in that scene, DART will retain all\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*@of the files and the special formatting information cont}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ained on\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<the source disk.  This can be beneficial in situations where\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=you need to do more than just save copies of the files from a\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*disk.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*7DART is most useful when you save the DART Files onto a\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Amass storage }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)uDART \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)"can\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)0 be used to \'d2backup\'d3 floppy disks, but is not as\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'c2\'f07versatile a backup tool as other commercially available\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*@utilities.  Backup utilities are often much more useful for this\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5purpose and w}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ill provide options that are designed to\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:intelligently recognize which files have been changed on a\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5disk before backing them up.  On the other hand, DART\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*7doesn\'d5t make any assumptions about the information on a\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*Bdisk; }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 this is actually one of the features of the tool that allows\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;it to be used with disks that the Macintosh cannot normally\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*read such as (Lisa\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+& and Apple II disks).  DART stores the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(@\'f0<disk\'d5s contents in such a way that it can rebuild the entire\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*)disk, not just the files that were on it.\'d4\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)q9Most 3.5" floppy disks are formatted using one of two low\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'a4\'fb-\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'b2\'e46level encoding methods.  The two most common types are\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*.GCR  (Group Code Recording) and MFM  (Modified\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=Frequency Modulation).  DART has the ab}

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'f5\{\'aa\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+ can read, write and format\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'e4all of the following types:\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+$\tab Disk Type\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'91Size (kilobytes)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(0Macintosh Single-Sided\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'b5400\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(<Macintosh Double-Sided\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'b5800\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(HMacintosh High Density\'a1dONLN}

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+*400\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(lApple II Pascal (3.5\'d3 only)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'b5800\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(xApple II ProDOS\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'b5800\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'84Any other Double-Sided GCR\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+*Disk Type will be identified as \'d2Apple II\'d3\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'f0\'818Macintosh systems that do not have a FDHD/SuperDrive can\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*4read, write and format the following types of disks.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+$\tab Disk Type\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'91Size (kilobytes)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'b9Macintosh Single-Sided\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'b5400\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'c5Macintosh Double-}

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+*Disk Type will be identified as \'d2Apple II\'d3\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'8e\'f07When Apple introduced the Macintosh IIx computer, a new\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:type of disk drive was incorporated into the design of the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=system that enabled it to read and write MFM formatted disks.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*7This allowed programs such as Apple }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 File Exchange to be\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*9able to read disks that were originally created on MS-DOS\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;computers.  DART enables computers that are configured with\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*8the FDHD to archive those disks in the same way that the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*'other (GCR) disk type}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 s can be archived.\'d4\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'9d\'aeSupport\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'e4\'81:With the High Density format, information is stored on the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<disk using thinner \'d2tracks\'d3 of information, which are placed\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;closer together than double-density tracks.  This method of\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;writing and reading disks requir}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 es newer technology than is\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*6present in single or double-sided drives, so Macintosh\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:systems that are not equipped with the FDHD disk drive are\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5not capable of using the High Density disks properly.\'a0\'82\'a0\'8c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 w3\'84p\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'d2Bonus Hole\'d3\'a0\'97\'a1\'b6$\'80\'a0\'8c\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ^2\'94\'bd\tab \'ff\'ff\'ff\'ff\'ff\'ff\'ff\'ffqd~i\'84d\'84ig~e~d\'84"qf\'f6\'a0\'8d\'a1\'b6#\'a0\'8d\'a0\'83\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 _\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+*%\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure 1-2\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'c0\'e4;This hole is very important for Macintosh FDHD disk drives,\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:because the presence of this hole is what signals the FDHD\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>that a High Density disk has been inserted.  In fact, the FDHD\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>will only read and write disks }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 with the bonus hole in the High\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>Density format, since this is the only reliable format allowed\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*?for that type of disk.  This can present some frustrations when\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*4High Density disks are used in non-FDHD disk drives.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 (\'d7#\'ff\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'ff\'ff\'ff\'ff#\'d7\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 _,Times\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'f0\'815The older single and double-sided disk drives are not\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*configured to \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)Bsense\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)% the bonus hole, and will unknowingly\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'9d\'f0<allow High Density disks to be formatted as single or double\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'9d-\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'ab\'f0?sid}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ed instead.  If a High-Density disk is formatted as a single\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*?or double-sided disk in an older drive and then inserted into a\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*7FDHD, the Macintosh will attempt to read the improperly\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'c7\'fe-\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'d5\'f0<formatted disk in its normal H}

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ower density format.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=DART will check to see which drives are installed on a system\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=before attempting to create a disk to make sure that the disk\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<can be duplicated successfully.  If a High Density or MS-DOS\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:DART File }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 has been selected as the source and there are no\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5FDHD drives connected to the computer, then DART will\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:inform you that it cannot use that source for duplicating.\'a0\'82\par }

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'ff\'ff*desired results.\'d4\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'e4\'81:Those disks which are copy protected with the first method\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*?will often alter the low-level information on a disk in certain\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5areas which are not normally used by anything but the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;Macintosh Operating System and inte}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 rnal disk drivers.  This\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;particular method will usually cause DART to encounter read\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;errors when attempting to read the area of the disk that is\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*7protected.  Since DART is not designed to \'d2defeat\'d3 copy\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*9protection, onl}

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  before using DART that you check the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<license agreements pertaining to your software before making\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff**archival backups or distributing software.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:The DART disk that you received is not copy protected, and\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*9you are encoura}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ged to make a backup copy of your original\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*disk for safekeeping.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'f0\'92"Installing DART using Floppy Disks\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*32DART comes on a single floppy disk that is already\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*6configured for use in most Macintosh computer systems.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*8Simply insert the disk with DART on it in your computer,\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<then double-click on the DART application in order }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 to start.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*4The DART disk is pre-configured with a System Folder\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:containing the most recent System Software at the time the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<disk was made.  It\'d5s possible that your computer may require\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*4a newer version of the System Sof}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 tware than DART was\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*9configured with, as would be indicated in a dialog box on\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*?your screen when you try to start up.  If this is the case, you\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*7may need to update the System Software on the DART disk\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*8before proceeding.}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1   To update the System Software on the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*3DART disk, see the Macintosh System Software User\'d5s\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<Guide and follow the procedures outlined for your particular\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\tab computer.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff**\'a5\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)6You will normally want to keep your origin}

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(,\'f0Using DART from a Compact Disc\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'e4\'817DART was designed to run without special considerations\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;from a compact disc.  All you need to do is double-click on\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=the application or one of the DART files that is on the disc.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*'Some compact discs come with a spe}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 cial \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'c2launcher\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)( or \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)engine\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'c0\'e4:which is used to navigate through the disc.  These compact\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*8discs may have their own methods of starting DART; to be\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*9sure, refer to any manuals or documentation that may}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  have\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=come with the compact disc for more information regarding its\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*use.\'a0\'82\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*VInstalling DART on a Hard Disk\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*3@DART is a stand-alone application that requires no special files\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*?(other than itself) in order to run properly on your Macintosh.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=For this reason, installation on a hard disk is quite simple:\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+1)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)0Create a ne}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 w folder to contain DART on your Hard\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*1Disk by selecting \'d2New Folder\'d3 from the File menu\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5while using the Finder (if you wish DART to be in its\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*own folder), then\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'f1\'f22)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)0Copy DART to the Hard Disk by dragging it t}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 o the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*4location on the disk where you want it to be placed.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'e4=If you need a better understanding of copying files using the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*9Macintosh, see the Macintosh System Software User\'d5s Guide\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*!for more details on this process.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd`\'e0l\'cd)/his Chapter explains how to use DART, and gives\'a1dONLNdHn\'c6z\'d4(\'96\'e46information about some of DART\'d5s controls and optional\'a1dONLNd|\'c6\'88\'ef*\tab features.\'ffX\'d7#\'ff\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'98\'d2\'a4\'f2*.;To start up the application, double-click on DART or one of\'a1dONLNdZ\'a6\'d2\'b2\'cc*3the DART Files that has already been created by the\'a1dONLNd\'8e\'b4\'d2\'c0\'ec*<application.  If you\'d5re running System 7.0 or later, you can\'a1dONLNd\'cb\'c2\'d2\'ce\'ee*8also start up by dragging a DA}

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 DART Files\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)oDisk Copy File\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(Lp\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure 3-1\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(f\'f0\'a5\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)"Note:  If you\'d5re using MultiFinder\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+ or System 7.0 on your\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(t\'fe/Macintosh, DART can already be running when you\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=double-click on one of its files.  This will tell DART to use\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*that file as the source.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'b3\'f0DART uses the concept of a \'c0\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'8bsource@}

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 k drives can read and write MS-DOS format.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<Standard double-sided disk drives are not capable of reading\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*?and writing this type of disk properly, so any drives connected\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*4of that type are not valid for use as a destination.\'a1dONLN}

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 on that system \'d0 DART will\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<not be able to read any information from that disk, and will\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*.not be able to use that disk as a source disk.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'f0<When the destination is a DART file, the type of compression\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*%to use on the file can be selected.  \par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 <\'c0\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff) <\'c0\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)option\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(L\'f04implements a modified version of the Lempel-Ziv data\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5compression algorithm, with adaptive Huffman encoding\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>(LZH for short.)  This option produces much smaller files, but\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<takes more t}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ime.  The selected compression option remains in\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*6effect for the current transfer process and subsequent\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*transfers, until you change it.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*#9When the destination is a disk, DART has two options that\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<can be enabled before }

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 is completed.\'d4\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'ff\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'e4\'8f<Format Disk is used to tell DART to do a low-level format of\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5the destination.  Formatting the disk may be required\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:whenever you wish to make sure that the special sector and\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<track marks on the disk are re-writte}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 n, or when the disk has\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<never been formatted before.  Formatting sets up the disk to\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<receive the information that is normally written to and read\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;from the disk when you use applications and save documents,\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*8and tells }

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 he\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*source.\'d4\par }

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 d on a non-Macintosh\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=computer (such as a Lisa or a IIgs computer).  The difference\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 lies in the '\'c0\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)2\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 interleave!\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)0% of the disk (see Appendix A for more\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'92\'e4:information on interleave).  Each computer\'d5s disk drive is\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=optimized for a particular interleave factor.  If the disk is\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>formatted using a drive with a higher or l}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ower interleave than\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*?the drive it will eventually be used on, the disk will read and\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<write slower than normal.  For best results, format the disk\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>first on the computer that it will be used on, then create the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*,disk wi}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 th the Format Disk option turned off.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*#7Multiple Copies is used to make many copies of the same\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=disk.  With this option turned on before the transfer process\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:begins, DART will continually prompt you for the next disk\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 until you press the period (.) key while holding down\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*the\'ca)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff))\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'cakey.\'d4\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 >@\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff) menu contains four options:  \par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a8\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff).\'9c\'a8\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)  \par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a8\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)New\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'ce@\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'ceOpen\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 w@\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff) is used to\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'c7\'f03open existing DART or Disk Copy image files, and is\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=functionally the same as pressing the DART File button in the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Source box.  \par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 %\'80\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)6& allows you to save the current Source\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'f1\'f0file as a new DART 1.5 file.   \par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 q\'80\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'91Quit\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'fd\'c0\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)* menu contains the standard Edit commands \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'ee@\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'d7Undo\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'97@\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff),\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(0\'f0Cut\'9c\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'d4\'80\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff), \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'d4\'80\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)Copy\'9c\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \}\'80\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff), \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \}\'80\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)Paste\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 R\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff) and \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a5\'80\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)Clear\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'fa\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff) .  These items currently have no\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(>\'f06particular meaning for DART, so while DART\'d5s window is\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*9active, these items are not available.  To use these menu\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:items, click on a desk accessory window to bring it to the\'a1dONLNd\'ff}

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 @\'86`\'b8\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 @F`\'b8\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 @6\'f0\'b8\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 @#8`\'b8\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 @\'860`\'b8\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 @\'c630`\'b8\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 @\'c630`\'b8\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 @\'c630`\'b8\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'d9z\page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Start Button\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'8b\'f0=To start the transfer process, simply click the Start button.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<Both the Source and Destination must be in the \'d2Ready\'d3 state\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:before this button is active, however.  The source must be\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*8assigned (Drive 1, Drive 2 or D}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ART File) and  identified\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*@(disk must be in place, or a file selected) before the Source is\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=considered \'d2Ready.\'d3  Likewise, the destination also has to be\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5assigned and in place to be considered \'d2Ready.\'d3  DART\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>displays }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 the following indicator in the source and destination\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>areas to identify when the Source and/or Destination is ready:\'a0\'82\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'ff\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff+\'e4\'81:Once the Start button is pressed, DART begins creating the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=disk or image file using the specified options, prompting you\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<to switch disks whenever that is necessary.  (You can cancel\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;at any point  by pressing the}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  period key while holding down\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*the\'ca)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff))\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)8\'cakey.)  After all of the disk image has been transferred\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'c7\'e45successfully, DART will report \'d2checksum\'d3 information\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:about that disk.  (If the destination was a DART File, t}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 he\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:amount of storage saved through data compression will also\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;be reported.)  Checksum information can be used to uniquely\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<identify a particular disk.  For more information about this\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*$feature, please refer to Appendix}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  B.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd `\'ecl\'e8)4his Appendix will help you better understand the way\'a1dONLNdUn\'d2zf(\'96\'f0 information is stored on a disk.\'ffX\'d7#\'ff\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd#\'a0T\'af\'c6(\'carTracks and Sectors\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd6\'a2\'d2\'ae\'f1)~;Disks are magnetic media that store information in the form\'a1dONLNdr\'b0\'d2\'bc\'e7*=of a stream of bits.  In order to access the information in a\'a1dONLNd\'b0\'be\'d2\'ca\'eb*:random fashion, this information is subdivided into groups\'a1dONLNd\'eb\'cc\'d2\'d8\'f1*called %\'80\'a1dONLNd\'f2\'cc\'f2\'d8) }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 blocks\'cc\'c0\'a1dONLNd\'f8\'cc\'d8) or \'cb\'a1dONLNd\'fc\'cc \'d8A)sectors\'c7\'c0\'a1dONLNd\'ccB\'d8\'fc)"', and each sector has a fixed amount of\'a1dONLNd+\'da\'d2\'e6\'fc(\'f0Ainformation in it.  To read or write information to the disk, the\'a1dONLNdm\'e8\'d2\'f4\'de*7computer\'d5s Operating System will ask the disk driver to\'a1dONLNd\'a5}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'f6\'d2\'fd*?transfer one or more blocks of information from or to the disk.\'a1dONLNd\'e6\'d2\'dd*8Information is always transferred in complete sectors to\'a1dONLNd\'d2\'f1*@utilize the disk drive efficiently.  The sectors on the disk are\'a1dONLNd` \'d2,\'dc*9organized side-by-side into con}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 centric rings (or tracks).\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Figure A-1\'9c(\'b0\'f0 Appendix A:  Structure of a Disk(\'b057\'ff\tab \'b8\'d7#\'ff\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'ff\'a1dONLNdY\'c6e\'e9+\'e4\'81>In each of Apple\'d5s microfloppy 3.5\'d3 drives, the sector size is\'a1dONLNd?g\'c6s\'f0*>always 512 bytes.  The number of sectors in a given track will\'a1dONLNd~u\'c6\'81\'d4*8vary from one track to the next in order to accomodate a\'a1dONLNd\'b7\'83\'c6\'8f\'f1*Asimilar density o}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 f information in all tracks (this does not apply\'a1dONLNd\'f9\'91\'c6\'9d\'de*5to MFM and High Density disks).  A common analogy for\'a1dONLNd/\'9f\'c6\'ab\'e8*>sectors would be the pages in a book.  A  disk is like a book,\'a1dONLNdn\'ad\'c6\'b9\'ef*Athe sectors are like pages in the book, and files o}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 n the disk are\'a1dONLNd\'b0\'bb\'c6\'c7\'e5*>like chapters in the book.  All of the pages are the same size\'a1dONLNd\'ef\'c9\'c6\'d5\'e7*A(like disk sectors), but the files on the disk (like the chapters\'a1dONLNd1\'d7\'c6\'e3\'de*:in the book) may require anywhere from a partial sector to\'a1dONLNdl\'e5\'c6\'f1\'d0*7m}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 any sectors.  The size of the page does not change the\'a1dONLNd\'a4\'f3\'c6\'ff\'d6*9information in the chapters any more than the sector size\'a1dONLNd\'de\'c6\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 `*!changes information in the files.\'d4\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd"\'9d1\'ba(L\'bbTags\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd$\'c60\'ed)):Each sector of information on non-MFM disks has associated\'a1dONLNd@2\'c6>g*#with it special information called \'80\'a1dONLNdc2h>w)\'a2tagq\'a1dONLNdf2w>\'e7) data.  This information\'a1dONLNd@\'c6L\'f1(h\'e4@was designed to help verify the integrity of the file system and}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'c0N\'c6Z\'ec*?recover lost files by data recovery programs.  Included in this\'a1dONLNd\\\'c6h\'e9*=information were fields such as file number, resource or data\'a1dONLNd>j\'c6v\'ed*@fork, and modification date of file.  In theory, this was a good\'a1dONLNdx\'c6\'84\'ec*Aidea; in pract}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ice, it didn\'d5t work all that well and was costly to\'a1dONLNd\'c1\'86\'c6\'92\'e6*@include in drives.  As a result of this, the concept of tag data\'a1dONLNd\'94\'c6\'a0\'dc*9was dropped for all new drive technology after the double\'b6@\'a1dONLNd;\'94\'dc\'a0\'df(\'bc\'fa-\'a1dONLNd<\'a2\'c6\'aeI(\'ca\'e4sided drive was introduc}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ed.\'a1dONLNdX\'b7\'c6\'c3\'e2*;Tag information was especially important for Lisa disks, as\'a1dONLNd\'94\'c5\'c6\'d1\'df*8the Operating System would not function properly without\'a1dONLNd\'cd\'d3\'c6\'dfQ*this information being intact.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 (\'b0H58)\'9c Appendix A:  Structure of a Disk\'ff\tab P\'d7#\'ff\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'8c\'d2\'98\'f1*.;In many disk drives, the data moves by the read/write heads\'a1dONLNdG\'9a\'d2\'a6\'f3*>faster than the drive\'d5s controller can process the information\'a1dONLNd\'86\'a8\'d2\'b4\'cf*4continuously.  This poses a problem when a series of\'a1dONLNd\'bb\'b6\'d2\'c2\'ec*;contiguous blocks are read }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 or written, because these drives\'a1dONLNd\'f7\'c4\'d2\'d0\'ef*;can normally read or write only one sector before having to\'a1dONLNd3\'d2\'d2\'de\'ed*:pause momentarily to process the information that was just\'a1dONLNdn\'e0\'d2\'ec\'ec*=read.  While the data is being processed, the disk surface is\'a1dON}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 LNd\'ac\'ee\'d2\'fa\'eb*=still moving past the read/write heads.  If several adjoining\'a1dONLNd\'ea\'fc\'d2\'cd*5blocks are needed, the disk has to spin through extra\'a1dONLNd \par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'d2\'80*&revolutions to get to the next blocks.\'a1dONLNdG\'d2+\'f9*@To remedy this situation, sectors on the disk are laid out in an\'a1dONLNd\'88-\'d29*interleavedy@\'a1dONLNd\'93-9\'e8)62 order.  The drive will process the first sector\'d5s\'a1dONLNd\'c6;\'d2G\'f9(c\'f0?information as the next sector o}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 n the disk nears the read/write\'a1dONLNdI\'d2U\'de*7head.  On a drive/disk combination where the interleave\'a1dONLNd>W\'d2c\'d6*9factors match, the drive is finished processing the first\'a1dONLNdxe\'d2q\'fc*?requested sector just before the next requested one reaches the\'a1dONLNd\'b8s}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'d2\'fb*@read/write head.  This enables the drive to read the next sector\'a1dONLNd\'f9\'81\'d2\'8d\'a4*/without having to rotate the disk to get to it.\'a1dONLNd)\'96\'d2\'a2\'f4*<Disks with contiguous sectors arranged side-by-side are said\'a1dONLNdf\'a4\'d2\'b0\'fc*?to have a 1:1 interleave.  When sectors}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  are interleaved by one,\'a1dONLNd\'a6\'b2\'d2\'be\'e2*<they have a 2:1 interleave, by two, 3:1, by three, 4:1, etc.\'a1dONLNd\'e4\'c0\'d2\'cc\'f7*<Macintosh disk drives use a 2:1 interleave, while most Apple\'a1dONLNd!\'ce\'d2\'da\'b7*0II disk drives use a 4:1 (although some Apple II\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNdT\'ce\'cc\'da\'f6+ Systems\'a1dONLNd]\'dc\'d2\'e8R(\'f0can be configured for 2:1).\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 *\'ac Appendix A:  Structure of a Disk(\'b059\'ff&\'d7#\'ff\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'ff\'a1dONLNdY\'c6e\'f1+\'e4\'81>Generally, you will want to keep the interleave factor matched\'a1dONLNd?g\'c6s\'d1*8between disks and disk drives as much as possible, so it\'a1dONLNdxu\'c6\'81\'dd*9makes sense to know the source and destination interleave\'a1dONLNd\'b2\'83\'c6\'8f\'ea*:factors in advance of }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 making a disk.  DART does not change\'a1dONLNd\'ed\'91\'c6\'9d\'e4*>the inherent interleave factor of a disk that has already been\'a1dONLNd,\'9f\'c6\'ab\'e5*;formatted unless you turn on the Format Disk option. If you\'a1dONLNdh\'ad\'c6\'b9\'e3*<want to make sure that a disk has the same interleave as }

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 the\'a1dONLNd\'a5\'bb\'c6\'c7\'db*<drive it will be used on, format the disk on the destination\'a1dONLNd\'e2\'c9\'c6\'d5\'bd*1computer before creating the disk with DART, and \'a1dONLNd\'c9\'be\'d5\'d7)\'f8don\'d5te\'c0\'a1dONLNd\'c9\'d7\'d5\'e9) use\'a1dONLNd\'d7\'c6\'e3\'b2(\'ff\'e41the Format Disk option unless you really need to.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Appendix B\'a0\'82\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \page }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd`\'ecl\'c0),his Appendix will help you better understand\'a1dONLNdCn\'d2z\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'be[What is a checksum?\par }

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 d\'ff\'ff*%be written down for future reference.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*7Using the checksum information, you can verify that two\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=disks are exactly the same.  Note that \'d2exactly the same\'d3 is \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'82not\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'90\'f0:the same thing as \'d2contain the same files,\'d3 since}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1  the disk\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*,structure and size could still be different.\'d4\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'c1ZChecksum Algorithm\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'964The algorithm that DART uses to compute the checksum\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*information is as follows:,\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Courier\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \tab \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*checksum = 0 (32 bit checksum)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 /loop counter = buffer size \'d6 2 (buffer size in \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'eb16-bit\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'f4\'f0words\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff))\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'fe\'f0point to start of buffer\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*loop:\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)<$get next 16-bit word from the buffer\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(zero-extend the word ($0000\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'87xxxx\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff))\'a1}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 dONLNd\'ff\'ff(&4add the zero-extended word to the checksum (32-bits)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 rotate the checksum \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)d\tab (32-bits)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)- right one bit\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(:,(C[i-1]=C[i], C[31]=C[0])\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(Ddecrement loop counter\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 $if loop counter \'ad 0 then go back to \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'b4loop\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(q\'f04Many thanks to Steve Christensen for this algorithm.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*<Appendix B:  Checksums\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'ad57\'ff\'9e\'d7#\'ff\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 .\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'adH58\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'9cAppendix B:  Checksums\'ff\'88\'d7#\'ff\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd `\'ecl\'c9),his Appendix documents the Apple event types\'a1dONLNdMn\'d2z\'ed(\'96\'f06implemented in version 1.5 of DART when running System\'a1dONLNd\'84|\'d2\'88\'e2*:7.0 or later, and explains how these events can be used to\'a1dONLNd\'bf\'8a\'d2\'96\'e7*9automate the conversion of older disk imag}

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'be\'f0<Many user groups, support personnel, and software librarians\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=have sizeable archives of disk images created by Disk Copy or\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;earlier versions of DART.  As more disk images are added to\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*=the collection, the space avai}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 lable for their storage becomes\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*9limited.  Converting these files to DART 1.5\'d5s compressed\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*5format can substantially reduce the amount of storage\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;required, but converting hundreds of  disk images \'d2by hand\'d3\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*+is an imprac}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 tical, time-consuming solution.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*8Using Apple events and program linking under System 7.0,\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*?you can tell DART to convert a single file or hundreds of files\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>automatically.  A new set of files can be created, leaving the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*@}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 old ones intact, or you can replace the existing files entirely.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*8The copy of DART that you use for the conversion process\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*4can be running on your own Macintosh, or on a remote\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*machine across a network.\'d4\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'actSupported events\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)|7DART supports the \'d2required\'d3 set of Apple events:  open\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 application (,\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 Inside Macintosh, Volume VI\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'8c  for further information on\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'e4\'f0:these events.  In addition, DART accepts a custom \'d2convert\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*document\'d3 event (\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)V'cnvt'\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)*$) to convert a single file.  You can\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'f00process any num}

{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 ber of files by sending multiple \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'e6'cnvt'\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'f04events to DART.  A HyperCard\'aa stack which implements\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*:this process under script control is included on your DART\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*disk.\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\'83 Appendix C:  Apple Event Support\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'ad57\'ff\'c6\'d7#\'ff\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)cnvt\par }

\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)  event\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)6When DART receives a \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)rcnvt\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff) event, it examines the two\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'9d\'e46required event parameters to see if they contain valid\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*;pathnames (a source file pathname specifying the file to be\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*>converted, and a destina}

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 sion is\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*7successful.  DART then converts the file.  If no errors\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*?occurred, DART returns the size of the new file (in bytes) as a\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*character string, in the \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)lkeyErrorString\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)b parameter of the\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'e4;reply App}

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 rs it encounters; you can distinguish between a\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*@successful conversion and an error by noting that file sizes are\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*1positive numbers, while error codes are negative.\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff*\page }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'e4Possible Errors\par }

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{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 2)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'88uncompressed data wrong size\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(]\'e4internal error (-10003)\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'88checksums didn\'d5t match!\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(i\'e4\tab others...\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'88various File Manager errors\'9c\par }

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\pard\ql{\plain\f1\fs24\cf1 \'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff(\'adH58\'a1dONLNd\'ff\'ff)\'9c Appendix C:  Apple Event Support\'ff\'d7#\'ff\page }

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