' +JJJJ ?\>m0M='+l> /+l   d]@ŵLҦ]]LF L}BBL] X  ` 鷎귭෍ᷩ췩緈JJJJx Lȿ L8ᷭ緍췩 緍i 8 `巬 췌`x (`(8`I`B` ``>J>J>VU)?`8'x0|&HhHh VY)'&Y)xꪽ)' `Hh`V0^*^*>&` aI꽌ɪVɭ&Y&&Y& 꽌ɪ\8`&&꽌ɪɖ'*&%&,E'зЮ꽌ɪФ`+*xS&x'8*3Ixix&& 8  '  & x)*++`FG8`0($ p,&"ųųೳŪŪųųij  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?   1 '" *"( (9"1 ( ,.(0# 2  /#0/#0 *?'#07#00/0/'#07#0:"4<*55/**5/*%5/)1/)1/)1/)'#0/#0*5/*75/**5/*:5//#0/#0'#07#0:::*::'#07#0"):$(%"%:$(%"%$$2%4%$$2%4%$(2()!)E(!8b $!H(+ "@H !D)"E` @ $ C ` DQ &J80^݌Hh ü ü݌ ռ ռ ռA ļD ļ? ļAEDE?HJ>h Լ ռ ռ ռ`HJ>݌h Hh݌`葠葠ȔЖȔЖȠHIHHHHhHH݌hHhHh݌H6 VDP (ED Z $0x8x D- ܸDD# H8`?E Vk *f???0xE Hh D#-EEE8` D ܸx D - ܸx8`-0ݩ?ʥD EEE`   LDcpq` [` ~  LӜu`".Q`pNФbptťܥm2<(-Py0\|e<6e<g< JJJJj귍hI  aUL@ kU8  L  Q^R(jQ0l^l\  wUuW ԧ H h@ [_ /QSIRb_L`LLLL`ª`LQLYLeLXLeLee ўQH\(h0L& Ꝥ$`( R \ZLl8 ўR HH\`\Z[YS6`LxQɿu3'RͲʎRʎ]]]ɍuL͟ɍ}RLRɍg^H8 ^hZLɍR LͲɊRR% QLܤͲ Z@ -^ ş\[Z QY\[Z8`l6Lş_Ȍb_Ͳ] )Y h( ֭ͲLɍ [LLĦ__ ^ 9 LҦ3 9 a   0LjLY u< (_9 ˭ɠuɠK_9 ?LˆʎõĵL õ ĵµ aµ`` L̦µ_bJLuLz`  ȟ QlXJ̥KlV  ȟ QlV eօ3L e3L &RL &QL d L4 Ne)n `@-eff L f`L . tQLѤ LҦL` OPu d L Ne)noon 8ɍ` ^f\õL ^NR  RΩLҦ)\Z ʽ LHv 3h`0h8` [L NС õ`A@` ŵL^Lõ`  \ 濭0 \  ȟ Q ^\lZl^?cqH şch`fhjõĵ@OAP`u@`@&`QR`E Ls  @DAE@u`8` %@ @A@`@`@A`Mµ ) LЦ`8@AWc@8@-@HAȑ@hHȑ@ȑ@hHȑ@Ȋ@ch8&ȑ@Hȑ@Ah@LHȑ@ȑ@ htphso`hMhL`9V8U897T6S67`INILOASAVRUCHAIDELETLOCUNLOCCLOSREAEXEWRITPOSITIOOPEAPPENRENAMCATALOMONOMOPRINMAXFILEFINBSAVBLOABRUVERIF!pppp p p p p`" t""#x"p0p@p@@@p@!y q q p@  LANGUAGE NOT AVAILABLRANGE ERROWRITE PROTECTEEND OF DATFILE NOT FOUNVOLUME MISMATCI/O ERRODISK FULFILE LOCKESYNTAX ERRONO BUFFERS AVAILABLFILE TYPE MISMATCPROGRAM TOO LARGNOT DIRECT COMMANč$3>L[dmx- ( V Ϡ@跻~!Wo*9~~~~ɬƬ~_ j ʪHɪH`Lc (L ܫ㵮赎 ɱ^_ J QL_Ls贩紎 DǴҵԵƴѵӵµȴ 7 ַ :ŵƴѵǴҵȴµ納贍﵎ٵ്ᵭⳍڵL^ѵ-I `  4 ò-յ!  8صٵ紭ﵝ 7L (0+BC  7L HH`LgL{0 HH` õL H hBL BH [ h`Lo õ ڬL B ڬ LʬH hB@ յյ [L (ȴ) ȴ 7L L ( L (ȴL{ƴѵ洩ƴǴҵ 7 ^* B0 HȱBh ӵԵ 8 L8 ݲ` ܫ  / / ED B / / ]ƴS0Jȴ ȴ)  紅D贅E B ƴ  / 0L Ν `HD٤DEEhiHLGh ` ŵBѵ-` ѵB-` ܫ XI볩쳢8 DH E𳈈췍Ȍ X0 · JLǵBȵC`,յp` 䯩 R-յյ`յ0` K R-յյ`ɵʵӵԵ` 4 K ( ѵҵLBȱBL8` DBHBH : ַ޵BȭߵBhhӵԵ RBܵmڵ޵ȱBݵm۵ߵ` 䯩LR˵̵ֵ׵`êĪLR E( 8` R` ELRŪƪ`췌 յյI뷭鷭귭ⵍ㵍跬ª 뷰` Lf ݵܵߵ޵ ^`8ܵ i B8` 4L ֵȱB׵ ܯ䵍൭嵍 ` DȑB׵Bֵ  ַ յյ`굎뵎쵬 뵎쵌``õĵBCõĵ`µµ`L õBĵCصص Qƴ0"Bƴ 󮜳` 0۰ϬBƴ8`i#`ЗLw!0>ﵭ` m ﳐ 7i볍 8 ЉLw`H h ݲL~ `浍국䵍뵩嵠Jm赍嵊mjnnn浈ۭm浍浭m䵍䵩m嵍`"L ŵ8ŵH ~(` d ֠z# u` "RUN STUFF"BRUN SSPROT$$1"2 SS4,SS66(PS66(P19,SS65OI317.5OSSI,SS8SSI,SS1055OIW5OSS,0SS2,0:SS18,0SS19,0x5OI17:SS,SSISS3,SSI:I5PI36:SS3,SSISS13,SSI:I5 PI16:SS13,SSISS19,SSI:I5PI810:SS3,SSISS17,SSI:I 6PSS3,SS7SS4,SS79,139,46,7,183,139,40F4jO 14,197,139,31,15,211,139,42,13,225,139,45j4tOSS,0SS,SS7:SS2,0SS2,SS74~OSS3,SS1SS3,SS74OI4124OSSI,SS3SSI,SS64OI4OI13174OSSI,SS1SSI,SS64OI5OSS18,0SS18,SS6:SS19,0SS3,34 3VO 21,183,83,39,17,197,83,29,3,211,83,36,17,225,83,42,2,239,83,47,19,253,83,41,7,15,97,45,19,29,97,28,2,43,97,30,21,43,139,354`O 17,57,139,28,22,74,139,0,15,85,139,43,17,99,139,48,2,113,139,40,4,127,139,40,3,141,139,38,4,155,139,33,6,1685,125,40,20,99,125,40,6,113,125,48,8,127,125,31,21,141,125,29,5,155,125,52,9,169,125,42,6,183,125,45,21,197,125,40,26,211,125,29 3LO 13,225,125,48,9,57,83,33,21,71,83,28,24,88,83,0,19,99,83,32,16,113,83,46,10,127,83,45,17,141,83,47,2,155,83,48,9,169,829,14,85,69,42,21,99,69,30,19,113,69,48,19,127,69,35,17,141,69,31,2,155,69,34,4,169,69,31,10,183,69,41,20,197,69,4118O 20,211,69,29,21,225,69,32,10,243,69,0,25,253,69,32,4,15,83,46,3,29,83,28,13,43,83,28,4,43,125,32,17,57,125,45,15,71,125,312BO 17,,30,21,57,55,36,23,75,55,0,4,85,55,45,14,99,55,41,7,113,55,32,4,127,55,42,15,141,55,36,4,155,55,48,27,169,55,410$O 8,183,55,28,8,197,55,32,2,211,55,46,20,225,55,32,3,239,55,45,12,253,55,45,19,15,69,29,20,29,69,45,26,47,69,0,27,57,69,45s1.O 15,71,69,9,18,13,0,9,253,13,32,13,15,27,36,3,29,27,32,3,186,27,0,4,200,27,0,15,214,27,0,16,229,27,0,7,242,27,0,15,253,27,32/O 15,15,41,28,14,29,41,34,2,183,41,39,20,197,41,36,17,214,41,0,20,229,41,0,4,239,41,39,2,253,41,45,12,19,55,0,4,29,55,28o0O 20,43,55(86)"Rn":ES$(87)"Fr":ES$(88)"Ra":ES$(89)"Ac":ES$(90)"Th".NES$(91)"Pa":ES$(92)"U":ES$(93)"Np":ES$(94)"Pu":ES$(95)"Am":ES$(96)"Cm":ES$(97)"Bk":ES$(98)"Cf":ES$(99)"Es":ES$(100)"Fm".NES$(101)"Md":ES$(102)"No":ES$(103)"Lr".Nr/O S$(67)"Ho":ES$(68)"Er":ES$(69)"Tm":ES$(70)"Yb"-NES$(71)"Lu":ES$(72)"Hf":ES$(73)"Ta":ES$(74)"W":ES$(75)"Re":ES$(76)"Os":ES$(77)"Ir":ES$(78)"Pt":ES$(79)"Au":ES$(80)"Hg"=.NES$(81)"Tl":ES$(82)"Pb":ES$(83)"Bi":ES$(84)"Po":ES$(85)"At":ES$:ES$(48)"Cd":ES$(49)"In":ES$(50)"Sn",NES$(51)"Sb":ES$(52)"Te":ES$(53)"I":ES$(54)"Xe":ES$(55)"Cs":ES$(56)"Ba":ES$(57)"La":ES$(58)"Ce":ES$(59)"Pr":ES$(60)"Nd"2-NES$(61)"Pm":ES$(62)"Sm":ES$(63)"Eu":ES$(64)"Gd":ES$(65)"Tb":ES$(66)"Dy":Ei":ES$(29)"Cu":ES$(30)"Zn"+NES$(31)"Ga":ES$(32)"Ge":ES$(33)"As":ES$(34)"Se":ES$(35)"Br":ES$(36)"Kr":ES$(37)"Rb":ES$(38)"Sr":ES$(39)"Y":ES$(40)"Zr"',NES$(41)"Nb":ES$(42)"Mo":ES$(43)"Tc":ES$(44)"Ru":ES$(45)"Rh":ES$(46)"Pd":ES$(47)"Ag"(9)"F":ES$(10)"Ne"*NES$(11)"Na":ES$(12)"Mg":ES$(13)"Al":ES$(14)"Si":ES$(15)"P":ES$(16)"S":ES$(17)"Cl":ES$(18)"Ar":ES$(19)"K":ES$(20)"Ca"+NES$(21)"Sc":ES$(22)"Ti":ES$(23)"V":ES$(24)"Cr":ES$(25)"Mn":ES$(26)"Fe":ES$(27)"Co":ES$(28)"N96)"CURIUM":E$(97)"BERKELIUM":E$(98)"CALIFORNIUM":E$(99)"EINSTEINIUM":E$(100)"FERMIUM")NE$(101)"MENDELEVIUM":E$(102)"NOBELIUM":E$(103)"LAWRENCIUM"*NES$(1)"H":ES$(2)"He":ES$(3)"Li":ES$(4)"Be":ES$(5)"B":ES$(6)"C":ES$(7)"N":ES$(8)"O":ES$":E$(82)"LEAD":E$(83)"BISMUTH":E$(84)"POLONIUM":E$(85)"ASTATINE":E$(86)"RADON":E$(87)"FRANCIUM":E$(88)"RADIUM":E$(89)"ACTINIUM":E$(90)"THORIUM"[)zNE$(91)"PROTACTINIUM":E$(92)"URANIUM":E$(93)"NEPTUNIUM":E$(94)"PLUTONIUM":E$(95)"AMERICIUM":E$("HOLMIUM":E$(68)"ERBIUM":E$(69)"THULIUM":E$(70)"YTTERBIUM"'fNE$(71)"LUTETIUM":E$(72)"HAFNIUM":E$(73)"TANTALUM":E$(74)"TUNGSTEN":E$(75)"RHENIUM":E$(76)"OSMIUM":E$(77)"IRIDIUM":E$(78)"PLATINUM":E$(79)"GOLD":E$(80)"MERCURY"(pNE$(81)"THALLIUM"IODINE":E$(54)"XENON":E$(55)"CESIUM":E$(56)"BARIUM":E$(57)"LANTHANUM":E$(58)"CERIUM":E$(59)"PRASEODYMIUM":E$(60)"NEODYMIUM"='\NE$(61)"PROMETHIUM":E$(62)"SAMARIUM":E$(63)"EUROPIUM":E$(64)"GADOLINIUM":E$(65)"TERBIUM":E$(66)"DYSPROSIUM":E$(67)"YTTRIUM":E$(40)"ZIRCONIUM"%HNE$(41)"NIOBIUM":E$(42)"MOLYBDENUM":E$(43)"TECHNETIUM":E$(44)"RUTHENIUM":E$(45)"RHODIUM":E$(46)"PALLADIUM":E$(47)"SILVER":E$(48)"CADMIUM":E$(49)"INDIUM":E$(50)"TIN"&RNE$(51)"ANTIMONY":E$(52)"TELLURIUM":E$(53)HROMIUM":E$(25)"MANGANESE":E$(26)"IRON":E$(27)"COBALT":E$(28)"NICKEL":E$(29)"COPPER":E$(30)"ZINC"%>NE$(31)"GALLIUM":E$(32)"GERMANIUM":E$(33)"ARSENIC":E$(34)"SELENIUM":E$(35)"BROMINE":E$(36)"KRYPTON":E$(37)"RUBIDIUM":E$(38)"STRONTIUM":E$(39)0)"NEON"#*NE$(11)"SODIUM":E$(12)"MAGNESIUM":E$(13)"ALUMINUM":E$(14)"SILICON":E$(15)"PHOSPHORUS":E$(16)"SULFUR":E$(17)"CHLORINE":E$(18)"ARGON":E$(19)"POTASSIUM":E$(20)"CALCIUM"g$4NE$(21)"SCANDIUM":E$(22)"TITANIUM":E$(23)"VANADIUM":E$(24)"C ," RT1āI55455:PI,I:DU,20:TN:^"* HP0RT0āI7510025:768,I:769,30:770:g"4 1: # NE$(1)"HYDROGEN":E$(2)"HELIUM":E$(3)"LITHIUM":E$(4)"BERYLLIUM":E$(5)"BORON":E$(6)"CARBON":E$(7)"NITROGEN":E$(8)"OXYGEN":E$(9)"FLUORINE":E$(1(39)35:L(40)53:L(41)02:L(42)10:L(43)18:L(44)92:! @! Z! I1B:C1,X1,Y1,C2:v! 54X1SS1,(Y11)SS1! C1X1SS2,(Y11)SS2! C20ı! C2X1SS8,(Y11)SS2! ! CNENL:1:6:E30:C;" right "! 1:27:NL;" to go ""24:L(12)74:L(13)25:L(14)26:L(15)27 L(16)28:L(17)78:L(18)29:L(19)47:L(20)79:L(21)30:L(22)48:L(23)80:L(24)05:L(25)13:L(26)06:L(27)14:L(28)50:L(29)82:L(30)074! L(31)15:L(32)33:L(33)51:L(34)83:L(35)08:L(36)16:L(37)09:L(38)17:L0:I:#N PI,(B4)2:DU,30:TN:,X NP5fb PU(0)32:PU(1)33:PU(2)44:PU(3)46:PU(4)59:PU(5)63ll }v NE103:NLNE I1103:L(I)I: ' NE44:NL44:L(1)01:L(2)03:L(3)11:L(4)19:L(5)12:L(6)20:L(7)38:L(8)56:L(9)88:L(10)22:L(11)nt." II1NE( BL(II):340:3150K 20:12:E$(B):22:12:ES$(B)U 3110q 20:1:E25:22:1:E20w  DN(T)1:24:1:E40:6:22:"Press RETURN for the index." 3110:550& P:AZK%:A27ġ:5500 A2ġ:550: D I130roperties.""DN(T)1:3110:550 N:6:"In this section you will see the namesand symbols of 44 common elements.":20:6:"Press RETURN to continue.":P N:"$":20340 3220:1:13:"Common Elements":24:5:"Press RETURN for another eleme If youwant to, you may also practice thenames and symbols of ALL the elements." 16:"While you are working the lesson, payattention to the location of eachelement in the periodic table.Elements in the same column tend tohave similar chemical p1DN(T)1:6:22:"Press RETURN for the index.";3110IA13550S1490g INTRODUCTIONN:2:7:"2Introduction1"S1:6:"The purpose of this lesson is to helpyou learn the names and symbols of themost common chemical elements.0SZNTNT1:3360:CV2:1:"No, that is the symbol for L";E$(J)"Z.":1380:900]d3110lnRT01420~x20:3:E30,4PS0:CV:HT2:E40,3A47PS1RT0:3360:CV2:HT"Please type only the symbol."1380:900NWNW1ASW$(NW)SW$(NW)(A$,P,C):PPC:P(A$)1280K1170ZNW01450m A$ES$(B)320zJ1103A$ES$(J)1370(2NTNT1:RT0:3360:CV2:HT:NT11350<"No, try again.":1360F"* ";ES$(B);" *"P1380:90950 VW1`(A$)2950?j(A$)1A64AA32:A1$(A)PtCH:CV:A1$r~CHCH1:A$A$A1$:A1$"":950NW0:C1:P1I0NP(A$,P,C)(PU(I))12101260PPC:P(A$)1280I0NP(A$,P,C)(PU(I))1210V:XX$:HT:CV:910"A110203NTNT1:HP1=1330RA2550: CTL-B`A27550oA81080CHHT2A$"":CHHT2:950$CHCH1:CH:CV:E1:(A$)1A$"":950.A$(A$,(A$)1):9508CH38950BA321110LW0"Type the symbol for ";E$(B)".":3150022:3ZCH(36)1:CV(37)1:HTCH:A$"":W0rI010:SW$(I)"":CH:CV:">":CHCH2PS1PS0:A1$(A):1080HP0:P:A1$(ZK%):AZK%:A131290A27550A42950A24ĖHT2:C(13);(4);"RUN ROUTER"( N:"$"3*20340=43330S>X(0):NL01480HW1((1)NL)1:PT0:W2(2):W2.5PT1RBL(W1):B0830\RT0:NT0:PT1890f20:3:"Type the name for ";ES$(B)".":3150pR:V$E$(B):100%z20:3::3:"Press ESC to return to this index.":X(0)S:I14:DN(I)1Ė1:53I:"*"YDvNZ$:T(Z$):T1T5590XT2000,3000,610,610,630bT23220,3190: INIT PROBLEM ARRAYl800vN:6:10:"Returning to the main index...":1002"INDEX: Names of the Elements":4:"Select a topic:":8:3:"1. Introduction":11:3:"2. Names of Common Elements":14:3:"3. Common Elements - practice problems"0017:3:"4. All Elements - practice problems":20:3:"5. Return to the Main Index":24))69X8,Y1 N:7:05I14:DN(I)0:Y1:10:"Names of the Elements"c1:1n20340I1103:C1,X1,Y1,C2:C1X11,Y12:C20ĔC2X17,Y1220000316023:12:"Press RETURN."3110&N:BK1:1:6:B55)SS:3806bB57B72Y125:X43(B58)SS:380^dB71B87Y83:X57(B72)SS:380fB86B90Y97:X15(B87)SS:380hB89Y139:X43(B90)SS:380 |54X,Y:((ES$(B),1,1))63X22((ES$(B))1),Y1:(ES$(B))1ĕ((ES$(B),2,12B5Y27:X15(B3)14:380DYB4B11Y27:X183(B5)14:380lZB10B13Y41:X15(B11)SS:380[B12B19Y41:X183(B13)SS:380\B18B37Y55:X15(B19)SS:380^B36B55Y69:X15(B37)SS:380 `B54B58Y83:X15(in."+ZC%1Ģ24:10:"Try L";E$(B)"Z"8"ZK%100I,T:ZK%300R6260@24:10:"RIGHT":RT1:3360:NT0L(W1)L(NL):L(NL)0:NLNL1:340:3330JP:20:1:E40,5:830TB57354UB1X15:Y13:380VB2X253:Y13:380XBsteinium":O"fermium":O"mendelevium":O"nobelium":O"lawrencium"XZA%ZN%BįM:320y3360:NTNT1:ZN%BZM$""WE0:ZA%WE1:ZA%0:ZW%1M:ZK%0WE1Ģ24:6:"This is the name for ";ES$(ZN%)".":290ZC%1Ģ24:15:"No try agaO"mercury" O"thallium":O"lead":O"bismuth":O"polonium":O"astatine":O"radon":O"francium":O"radium":O"actinium":O"thorium"AO"protactinium":O"uranium":O"neptunium":O"plutonium":O"americium":O"curium":O"berkelium":O"californium":O"einymium" O"promethium":O"samarium":O"europium":O"gadolinium":O"terbium":O"dysprosium":O"holmium":O"erbium":O"thulium":O"ytterbium" O"lutetium":O"hafnium":O"tantalum":O"tungsten":O"rhenium":O"osmium":O"iridium":O"platinum":O"gold":ium" O"niobium":O"molybdenum":O"technetium":O"ruthenium":O"rhodium":O"palladium":O"silver":O"cadmium":O"indium":O"tin" O"antimony":O"tellurium":O"iodine":O"xenon":O"cesium":O"barium":O"lanthanum":O"cerium":O"praseodymium":O"neodalcium" O"scandium":O"titanium":O"vanadium":O"chromium":O"manganese":O"iron":O"cobalt":O"nickel":O"copper":O"zinc" O"gallium":O"germanium":O"arsenic":O"selenium":O"bromine":O"krypton":O"rubidium":O"strontium":O"yttrium":O"zirconV$>":ZA%320 xA"hydrogen":O"helium":O"lithium":O"beryllium":O"boron":O"carbon":O"nitrogen":O"oxygen":O"fluorine":O"neon" O"sodium":O"magnesium":O"aluminum":O"silicon":O"phosphorus":O"sulfur":O"chlorine":O"argon":O"potassium":O"c. : PTABLE.FAST 9/9/82%550034900fZA$"":ZM$"":ZF$"":PI768:DU769:TN770:D$(4)E$(103),ES$(103),L(103),PU(21)2SS14:400d22:3:HP0:IiZK%27100nZK%2550sZK%1HP1:ZC%CZ%2:NTNT1:250 vA"4:15:"wrong letterno letter hereinverted lettersinsert beforeinsert aftershould be lower caseshould be upper casemove de":9:13:ZM$_15:4:"Press RETURN for an explanationof these symbols.":300:15:1:E40,415:1:"wrong letter":17:8:"inverted order":19:18:"missing letter":15:28:"extra letter"  20,11098,75:90,125125,75:160,140160,75:230,1ry to help you locate the specificproblem by putting some symbols underyour answer.":360N:"If you typed sadimu chlrides instead ofsodium chloride this is how your answerwill be marked."ZA$"sadimu chlrides":8:14:ZA$ A"sodium chlorime.":360 N:4:14:"2BACK1"4:10:"To go back a display in a lessonhold down 'CTRL' and press 'B'":18:"CTRL - B allows you to go back.":360:2500XN:6:"If you have made a typing or a spellingerror in your answer the computer willt16,73113,76116,79:360-N:2:17:"2K1"9:1:"You can edit your response by pressingthe key marked ";(29)".":14:"Pressing ";(29);" once erases your responseIf you press ";(29);" again your answer will";"return one word at a tin you are to respond to a question."`14:"After you type your response, press RETURN to have your answer judged.":360:2000~N:2:18:"2J1":BK21:10:"The key marked will erase what youhave typed on the screen.":113,76123,76:1n you have finishedreading and are ready to go on."15:"After you have typed an answer to aquestion, press RETURN to have yourresponse evaluated by the computer.":360!LN:20:2:"2>1":BK6:8:1:"This symbol > will appear on the screenwhe128300 6ZK%27100 @# J100K ^1:BK100,1100,1150,1200,1250,1000x h23:8:"Press RETURN to go on.";:300: N:12:1:"2RETURN1":BK1:1:5:"Pressing the key marked 'RETURN' getsthe computer's attention."110:"Press RETURN whepic by number"o n9:12:"1. Instructions for":14:12:"Using These Programs":9:17:"2. See Index of Lessons" x9:8:A$:A(A$):A1A3120 A1000,130 N:1002:10:12:"One moment please...":(13);(4);"RUN ROUTER" ,P:ZK%2350Zі12:5:"2COMPress1":9:8:"A Division of Science Books":11:11:"International, Inc.":14:5:"P.O. Box 102, Wentworth N.H. 03282" <16:14:"603/764-5831":24:8:"Press RETURN to continue.":300 dN:9:4:"2THE ELEMENTS1":10:8:"Choose to233,129:1:0- (4);"BLOAD ST.PTABLE,A33040"Y N:4:1:"P2THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS1" &14:8:"Stanley Smith Ruth Chabay" (1:20:"(C) Copyright 1982, all rights reserved.":13:23:"Press 'RETURN'.":300 2N:2:13:"PDistributed by":8,2:789,3:790,96:791,0:792,0( 800,0a ::10:12:"ONE MOMENT PLEASE...":20:16:"D1/V1" (13);(4)"BRUN ENBASIC" D$(4) D$"BLOAD KEY TABLE,A"((24584)256(24585)):D$"BLOAD DISPLAY TABLE,A"((24580)256(24581)) 232,16: :HELLO 9/6/82=: COPYRIGHT S SMITH R CHABAY 1982H35000Q 30] 1012,0770,173:771,48:772,192:773,136:774,208:775,5:776,206:777,1:778,3:779,240:780,9:781,202 782,208:783,245:784,174:785,0:786,3:787,76:78     RETURN"(31)""(29)"ESCCTRL ACTRL B"( "P":9:17:"Get computer's attentionEraseEdit responseEscape to indexAnswerBack"2 360:100of a lesson by pressingthe key marked ESC.":360 N:4:18:"2K1":8:3:"PAn arrow (K) will appear on the mainindex next to the name of the lastlesson you used.":360 N:1:13:"2SUMMARY1":6:5:"KEY":22:6:"FUNCTION"& 9:4:"RETd leftinsert word!H360:1150; N:4:15:"2HELP1" 4:10:"To see the answer to a questionhold down 'CTRL' and press 'A'":18:"CTRL - A gives you the answer.":360 N:4:12:"2ESCAPE1"1 5:10:"You can 'ESCAPE' to the mainindex 192,75:360x4N:8:"Summary of Markup Symbols":4:8:"=X"(5)(4)""(19)""(20)""(30)""(28)""(22)""(16)>4:15:"wrong letterno letter hereinverted lettersinsert beforeinsert aftershould be lower caseshould be upper casemove wor:9:13:ZM$_15:4:"Press RETURN for an explanationof these symbols.":300:15:1:E40,415:1:"wrong letter":17:8:"inverted order":19:18:"missing letter":15:28:"extra letter"  20,11098,75:90,125125,75:160,140160,75:230,110to help you locate the specificproblem by putting some symbols underyour answer.":360N:"If you typed sadimu chlrides instead ofsodium chloride this is how your answerwill be marked."ZA$"sadimu chlrides":8:14:ZA$ A"sodium chloride"":360 N:4:14:"2BACK1"4:10:"To go back a display in a lessonhold down 'CTRL' and press 'B'":18:"CTRL - B allows you to go back.":360:2500XN:6:"If you have made a typing or a spellingerror in your answer the computer willtry 73113,76116,79:360-N:2:17:"2K1"9:1:"You can edit your response by pressingthe key marked ";(29)".":14:"Pressing ";(29);" once erases your responseIf you press ";(29);" again your answer will";"return one word at a time.ou are to respond to a question."`14:"After you type your response, press RETURN to have your answer judged.":360:2000~N:2:18:"2J1":BK21:10:"The key marked will erase what youhave typed on the screen.":113,76123,76:116,ou have finishedreading and are ready to go on."15:"After you have typed an answer to aquestion, press RETURN to have yourresponse evaluated by the computer.":360!LN:20:2:"2>1":BK6:8:1:"This symbol > will appear on the screenwhen y300 6ZK%27100 @# J100K ^1:BK100,1100,1150,1200,1250,1000x h23:8:"Press RETURN to go on.";:300: N:12:1:"2RETURN1":BK1:1:5:"Pressing the key marked 'RETURN' getsthe computer's attention."110:"Press RETURN when y by number"o n9:12:"1. Instructions for":14:12:"Using These Programs":9:17:"2. See Index of Lessons" x9:8:A$:A(A$):A1A3120 A1000,130 N:1002:10:12:"One moment please...":(13);(4);"RUN ROUTER" ,P:ZK%2350Z128:5:"2COMPress1":9:8:"A Division of Science Books":11:11:"International, Inc.":14:5:"P.O. Box 102, Wentworth N.H. 03282" <16:14:"603/764-5831":24:8:"Press RETURN to continue.":300 dN:9:4:"2THE ELEMENTS1":10:8:"Choose topic,129:1:0- (4);"BLOAD ST.PTABLE,A33040"Y N:4:1:"P2THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS1" &14:8:"Stanley Smith Ruth Chabay" (1:20:"(C) Copyright 1982, all rights reserved.":13:23:"Press 'RETURN'.":300 2N:2:13:"PDistributed by":12:789,3:790,96:791,0:792,0( 800,0a ::10:12:"ONE MOMENT PLEASE...":20:16:"D1/V1" (13);(4)"BRUN ENBASIC" D$(4) D$"BLOAD KEY TABLE,A"((24584)256(24585)):D$"BLOAD DISPLAY TABLE,A"((24580)256(24581)) 232,16:233 :HELLO 9/6/82=: COPYRIGHT S SMITH R CHABAY 1982H35000Q 30] 1012,0770,173:771,48:772,192:773,136:774,208:775,5:776,206:777,1:778,3:779,240:780,9:781,202 782,208:783,245:784,174:785,0:786,3:787,76:788,2     URN"(31)""(29)"ESCCTRL ACTRL B"( "P":9:17:"Get computer's attentionEraseEdit responseEscape to indexAnswerBack"2 360:100ȱ ȱ pȱoo`  Xv v`{oLCn.@& $< >,.?: ; ` 8`1atSefABC:nL~l m=Lol mLRl m :n x m&LRl= mLl mJ  mLRl @n mLm :n mLJm m m& @nLWlLwl x m&LRl= mLRl[A0 `x.=*Pzo %nF=x:0#ȱ0ȱ0"* %nҠhoDh )Hhh JlL.lHhjh8pȩXoDОƝCqȑovp`& @n :nX&`LRl :n m& :n= m `` HAheh8& &i``枩x m @n m mI0) I  mLRl @n hB!&h0)? h)&h&Ah0  JJh&'h0%% 0杹h&& 'y&h'Х&&C xpwpvp`'vpLFl̂pvppxpwp eEoDmDh07H)?!ŝ0杩HHhph @nLFlLkC&hg@e@&'&ȱȱNM&D'0<h5 .&h'0 &hh& @h&hhLj'0"h  0 0h&h'L`jL:jhypLFlȹ{o msLhixpXn ȹ{o >гclIwBmГAe@8h hLi0CCȥȄ@ @nLi :nȐLh!0LiH Jl@hHhjh@LiLg`mIBAC@Xng :nLoiLi<>ŝ ޥ e o8EopEȥoȥp`Z 2fHȱȱh`څijkl+уȥуiL>fi愠`H HHHm8knl   mimnkiklȥȑhhh hLgf  e e he e: 0Ő e : ,hhL` ` a e a e a%%:! ,Ƙ  2f ȱL%e 2fȄ ᥠ L(eZ 2fȑȑ`湥ee4` e` eEo` 2f68 ȱ }pȱn~pnpnpnp𘪠`)7`ɀ8` E` a{I mLdd`I ɎL[dɏɆL[dɇɐЛ` e :d0V 80H  ` e e e e e es e vL`: D dC, dD,L` wqqHHH$H%HDC q qLkc wh%h$hhhL` d΄Ϣ($,L` d % c둃L` c%Lc 0fȱ) I 0fȱ`zpZSq, ypvpL=b d FdpEEEqiE hHH eh ehi ewp eypwpxp vp eL` 0f w 0fȱii e en e e eZT 2fzp0 >zp)zpzp eFL:T" d eLa"< Fd{o, e%"!H mv <{ohϰh e, A e a1 eH h$$ a eLa e >f 6f%Eȱȱ Fd {oL*aEL a:08``[A0{a0{o fE`}||240682 ``L#`ƹƸ ez e maL`eL!coL`i cLbm Y{L`r@k $zLbp c $zLbtxLcyLcsLcuLcn vLbd c $z_ ` `l `` : e`ɯ eL+`vpwpxpyp expvp0 e           dTB|`{} _\[]  ~ ^vC rL| q weA`wwq($ %wέw`wwqL0|wqw` 0fȱwqw`|Eqn q [|qn qChw C|` |E(qn qE |̴w n qE`wIw 0fȱ q {ΕqNO 2f%Hȱȱ C| wh q q` fiD fD"CCH {`h q`CD` |qC U䝀n qEwwLGy̶wչ ,}p |p{pzpzp~pww_F8`NO ezw`,,)wi)wwwwwF`i)wF`I wF8`EʹwoCCEE̴w*n`ɀE̴wn` ɀEC䭌qH |H Y{ C| e ewLyw ){wF zLxLy [yEͲwwq xEw w`[wP[;A7MwF0 MwwLyw+0FE̲wwn qEFE̲wn qEw`wEwww nLy ){Lxw̶wwEw 0fȱ٩ w q|Ewww vw w x w΍wύwwqw bxEw bxLx fCC`H) z [yh [| x C|`qHqH wwhqw qw~ qqh 0 q`w x $zw9 0fȱABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_НqPRUW@)!6q7  w Uv`$% v`i `i`qq` R \|wE .| MxLx q|wE C| bxLx 0fȱe8⭔qΔq@GoL5tq qqh `PPPP 03vJ띫o蝫oHΥG G8@0GqoGqIJjJJ ee880BXNvt ) @'JJJJ)''2vje& 'i') ˩DZ%II!&&ALuII!&&%I&&A%IA&&AдץII!&&QLt&Lr8@8A`` Ms88@L,v` Mse8H)뭔qh  q⍑qq``)q ΆφLuG 0L,vqIq`GȄGLsJH%I {o{oGqIqX%I)>v띋o95?20><+Ȍq!qȌqȌq ȌqȌq UvL,vΥL,vȌq`ɀ` ` `qΘq a{I A[ 88GqI v0LsȱLmsȱ0Rȱ0dȱ0 ȱ0LsLs` rBB? H!) L,v)qB Uv vqLXrq`z`I m0Lwr)B573/+8495E> DOG       sq Jdd$䖒$" $66.JII< $d$ ,(66'$ .066!$$$$,66666v+$$$$16$dddeeMu6?? dIX $$$  -----------------??????OI;???????6nIIII 06- $$$$$?66X!??'-----?*7->->?V->7->'   66'<666606566--%??,--.-?????,----%?????,-----8?????,----e??????,-----%??????-------+-!$$  d-666'($$$-6& $$  - $$ $$$*( $$$$$$6.6&$$ 6& d-6?$$$-? -666%?$$ p- ? I9$$m% $M16>? $M1 $6 $$    [U l 66? X---[   ??$$$$$$---%p- $$$$$$   :88 I9?'$$$$$$t.. 666&$$$"$$$ $$ -66?$$$,-6? $$ -66'U"$$$,-?vp- $?,) $$$(-% $$l 666? $$l 66$$$LM1666", l & $< l &--  ,( ?? d575'$$$ - ? d-?' d- eB"0=ITcp (29CPVcluJco)a>$-6$$$ -6668'$$$,-?N1?)e#$$ -$$$,6'$$$,-ڷ--$$$,-' $$ --6?$$$l 666>?--$$(  D.                      ?        ȁCH  $BB@,>>""8   ?    on is positive or negative?"-16:14:400|A"":M:ZA%204022:1:ZC%1ĺ"It must be positive to balance thecharge on the electron."ZC%1ĺ"Type: positive"ZK%201544gen. We use the symbol Hto represent hydrogen in chemicalequations.":290N:BK5:2:"The hydrogen atom is made up of twoparticles, a proton and an electron."8:"An electron has a negative charge.Do you think the sign of the chargeof a prot90N:BK3:3:10:"PIn this program we will look at some of the relationships between elements andat the symbols used to represent them. ":290:D(1)1:100KN:BK4:1:18:"2H1":4:15:"HYDROGEN":4:10:"The simplest element is calledhydron element is something which can notbe divided into other substances bya chemical reaction."14:"The world is constructed from about 100elements. To make it easy to describecombinations of elements a symbol isused to represent each element.":2CH1:A$A$A1$:A1$"":CH38L15106CH38545W CHHT2A$"":CHHT2:510CHCH1:CH:" ":CH:CV1:" ":CV:(A$)1A$"":510A$(A$,(A$)1):510ZA$A$:20:1:E40,5:^N:BK2:2:8:"2PINTRODUCTION1":3:6:"ACVCH:CV:">":CHCH2DPS1A47PS0:A1$B$:CH:CV:515rCH:CV:HP0:A1$:A(A1$):PS0:A13540A1RT0:HP1:1:A27100A2350A8525A32(A$)0510Z(A1$):(A$)0A64A91ZZ32(Z)&CH2Y1)(X2X1)):A21.571A1:A8:B4:X2X1X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1):470j X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1) X1,Y1X2,Y2X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)1X2,Y2: CH(36):CV(37)1:HTCH:A$"":"$"RT0:ICH39:I:CV:" "::CH:":ZK%27ġ:100" ZK%2ġ:350H ZK%1ZC%ZC%1:HP1:NO$"":410e A"":ZA%ZC%ZC%1:400q ZK%0: I55455:P1,I:P2,20:CL:: HP0āI7510025:P1,I:P2,30:CL: NTNT1: 430:"%" T:ZK%442 J A1((YRETURN to continue."1 ,B$:A(B$):A27ġ:100A 6A2ġ:350L @PS1: ^1:BK200,100,1000,100,2000,2005,2050,2060,2100,2120,2200,2250,100,100 rC1,X1,Y1,C2:C1X1SS2,(Y11)SS2:C20ĔC2X1SS8,(Y11)SS2 w ZL%30:HP0:I:NO$"nos index."+ xI14:D(I)1Ė2:82I:"*"6 :TN0T 300:A(B$):A1A5140s A1000,2000,3000,4000,200 N:6:10:"Returning to the main index..." (13);(4);"RUN ROUTER" CH1:CV:"no": CH1:CV:"ok": "24:8:"Press :"P2INDEX: The Elements1":7:"Select a topic:":10:4:"1. Introduction":12:"2. Protons, Neutrons and Electrons":14:"3. The Periodic Table": n16:"4. Review Problems":18:"5. Return to the Main Index":24:4:"Press ESC to return to thi5 :ATOMS 9/7/823 :(C) 1982 S. SMITH>35000H100 P1768:P2769:CL770:D(4),XI(103),YI(103),P(10):SS140:OK$"ok":NO$"no":ZX$""I1103:C1,X1,Y1,C2:XI(I)X1:YI(I)Y1: dN:BK1:2:2                  $;"RUN PTABLE.FAST"2 ,C$;D$;"RUN ATOMIC WEIGHT"N C$;D$;"RUN PROPERTIES"k C$;D$;"RUN MENDELEEV.2"OLEEV.2"""RUN PROPERTIES" C$;D$;"RUN MENDELEEV.2"EEV.2"Eperties of Some Elements":19:"5. Mystery Elements"X 7(800)0Ė6:92(800):"K"t <P:AZK%48:A1A560 KN:4:10:"Getting your lesson..." NC$(13):D$(4) O800,A PA100,200,300,400,500,600,700 dC$;D$;"RUN ATOMS" C$;Dm : ROUTER 9/9/82# 35000,18aN:14:"MAIN INDEX":8:3:"P2The Elements1"(9:8:"Choose topic by number.":85 211:"1. The Periodic Table":13:"2. Names of the Elements":15:"3. Isotopes and Atomic Weight":17:"4. Pro:TN1:19700:TN0:RD#: 18:22:400:A"":M:ZA%3160#D 1:24:"PIt is right under helium. Try: 10":ZK%3130#N 440:3140#X 24:1:420:"That is correct.":300:700:19700B$b 20:1:"PNotice that elements 58-71 and 90-103are ss C?":B6:TN1:19700:TN0P" 22:20:400:A"":M:ZA%3120" 24:1:"PIt is the sixth element so try: 6":ZK%3090"& 440:3100#0 24:1:420:"That is right.":300:700:19700:20:1:"PWhat is the atomic number of Ne?":B10"PElements 58 to 71 are here.":I114:370::X120:Y1150:X235:Y2120:450:290:0:450:3:700! 21:"PElements 92 to 103 are here.":I132:370::Y2130:Y1150:450:290:0:450:700" 20:"PWhat is the atomic number of carbon,whose symbol itop left.":370:290f 700:20:7:"PElement two is helium shownat the top right.":370:290:700 21:6:"PHere are elements 3 through 10.":I18:370::290:700:21:6:"PHere are the first 57 elements.":I147:370::290:700b! 21:4:3:3030` 20200::I1103:C1,X1,Y1,C2:C1X1SS2,(Y11)SS2:C20ĔC2X1SS8,(Y11)SS2h : 4:20:"PLet's put the elements in the tablein order of their atomic number.":290:700::20:4:"PThe first element is hydrogen shownat the :ZA%2320W 20:1:ZC%1ĺ"The number of protons is the same asthe atomic number."m ZC%1ĺ"TRY: 3"{ ZK%2310 440:2315 420:18:16:"Right!":D(2)1:290:100 440:2315 N:BK13:1:12:"PPeriodic Table@":20200:VT21:NLpe: 2":ZK%2260440:2265H420:1:16:"That is correct.":290N:BK12:4:3:"PThe atomic number of lithium is 3.":8:"How many protons are in the nucleusof a lithium atom?"  14:14:400:A"":M1:"PRight. Hydrogen has one proton so itsatomic number is 1.":290N:BK11:8:"PWhat is the atomic number of helium?"14:12:400:A"":M:ZA%227018:1:"It has two protons so its atomic numberis 2. Tymber of protons in the nucleus."Q9:"What is the atomic number of hydrogen?"12:18:400:A"":M:ZA%223016:1:"Hydrogen has one proton so its atomicnumber is 1. Type: 1":ZK%2220440:2225E420:16:: 2"^ZK%2130"a440:2140f420:16:1:"PRight. A helium atom has 2 protons and2 neutrons in the nucleus. The twoelectrons are in orbitals suroundingthe massive nucleus.":290 N:BK10:3:"PThe ATOMIC NUMBER of an element is thenu14:13:400:A"":M:ZA%2150\18:1:ZC%1ĺ"PHelium has two protons which would makethe mass twice that of a hydrogen atom.To be 4 times the mass there must alsobe 2 neutrons present."]ZC%1ĺ"Tryass of a neutron is about the same as the mass of a proton.":290HN:BK9:2:"PA helium atom has 2 protons and a masswhich is about 4 times that of a hydrogenatom."M8:"How many neutrons must be present inthe nucleus of a helium atom?"JRN:BK8:1:"PWe need these additional facts beforelooking at helium some more."97:2:"1. The mass of an electron is very small compared to a proton.":12:"2. The nucleus of an atom may also contain one or more neutrons."D>17:"3. The mO,COUPLE,PAIR>":M:ZA%2080s16:1:ZC%1ĺ"There must be two protons to balancethe charge on the electrons."ZC%1ĺ"Type: 2"ZK%2065440:2075 420:16:1:"PRight! The nucleus of a helium atomcontains two protons.":290S4it."Q13:"A neutral atom has the same number ofprotons and electrons.":290 N:BK7:4:"PA helium atom, He, has two electrons.":8:"How many protons are in the nucleusof a helium atom?"16:12:400A"":ZA%İ420:3470:4060O1h"Is oxygen, O, a metal or a nonmetal?":B8:19700::3470:40601"Is calcium, Ca, a metal or a nonmetal?":B20:19700:4320:40601R122:16:400:A"":ZK%1ZK%0:43262M:ZA%İ4200:20:P(RN)4100,4200,4300,4400,4500,4600,4700,4800p0TN1Ģ24:16:"Right":4080:300:B0TN0:19700:TN1z040100"$":6:1:MPNP(NT0);" right ":27:1:NP(NT0)" to go ":"%": 1"Is sulfur, S, a metal or a nonmetal?":B16:19700:rally unreactive.":TN1:3570:D(3)1:290:100h/ A$"021018365486":I1112:B((A$,I,2)):19700::/N:BK14:3010:MP8:I1MP:P(I)I::NPMP:NT1:4080/NT0P(RN)P(NP):NPNP1/NP0D(4)1:100/RN(NP(1))1:NT040700:TN1:BЭZA%3550P. 1:24:"PIt is chlorine because it is nearer the top.":ZK%3520_. 440:3530. 420:700:1:20:"Ok, for nonmetals reactivity DECREASESas you go down a column.":290:TN0:3440:700./ 20:"These are the noble gases. They aregene- 1:24:"PSince it is on the right, it is a nonmetal.":ZK%3480S- 440:3490- 24:1:"Right.":300:700:20:"Which is more reactive, chlorine (Cl)or bromine (Br)?":R . 18:22:ZF$"H":400:A"":M:A$,I,2)):19700::i,z 700:20:"Note for nonmetals reactivity DECREASESas you go down a column.":290, 700:20:"Is Br a metal or a nonmetal?":R:3470:3510, R, 22:16:400:A"":M:ZA%İ420:DZA%İ420:3430P+R 24:1:"It is barium because it is further down.":ZK%3400_+\ 440:3410+f 700:TN0:3380:TN0:20:1:"These are the halogens. Fluorine, F,is the most reactive halogen.":TN1:3440:290:3450,p A$"0917355385":I192:B(( Theyare less reactive than alkali metals.":TN1:3380:290:3390|*4 A$"041220385688":I1112:B((A$,I,2)):19700::*> 700:20:"Which is the more reactive, calciumor barium?":R+H 18:22:500:A"":0:3330i) 700:20:1:420:"Right, K is larger than Na. Sizeincreases as you go down a column.":290) 700:20:"For metals, reactivity also increasesas you go down a column.":290B** 700:3300:TN0:20:1:"PHere are the alkaline earth metals.7":I1112:B((A$,I,2)):19700::g( 700:20:"Which do you think is larger Na or K?":R:F$"6"( 16:22:ZF$"":400:A"":M:ZA%3350( 24:1:"Potassium is the larger. Type: K":ZK%3320) 44he rest of the elements are metals.":290:700' 700:20:3:"Elements in vertical columns havesimilar properties.":290:700' 20:1:"PThese are called alkali metals. Theyreact rapidly with water.":TN1:3300:TN0:290:3310&( A$"03111937558354:19700::B86:19700:& 290:700:3240:1:20:"PThese elements have properties of metalsand nonmetals and are called metalloids.":TN1:3260:TN0:290:3270& A$"0514323351528485":I1152:B((A$,I,2)):19700::.' 3260:700:20:1:"T220%% 24:12:"It is 92":ZK%31904% 440:3200`% 420:24:16:"RIGHT!":300:700:19700% 21:5:"PThese elements are classified asnonmetals.":TN1:3240:TN0:3250& B12:19700::B610:19700::B1518:19700::B3436:19700::B5hown here.":4:15:"58":4:17:"90":37:15:"71":36:17:"103"$l X131:Y1160:X256:Y2144:450:290:0:450:3:700:20:"PWhat is the atomic number of uranium, U?":B92:TN1:19700:TN0:R%v 14:22:400:A"":M:ZA%3X1SS2,(Y11)SS2:C20ĔC2X1SS8,(Y11)SS27 wb ZL%30:HP0:I:NO$"no":ZK%27ġ:100t ZK%2ġ:350 ZK%1ZC%ZC%1:HP1:NO$"":410 A"":ZA%400 ZK%0: I55455:768,I:769,20:770:: HP0āI7510025:768,I:(13);(4);"RUN ROUTER"$ "P":L "24:8:"Press RETURN to continue."i ,B$:A(B$):A27ġ:100y 6A2ġ:350 @PS1: ^1:BK200,100,1000,1050,1100,1150,1200,100,2000,2060,2100,2150,2170,2200,2300,2320,2330,2350,1001 rC1,X1,Y1,C2:C1Practice Problems":18:"4. Return to the Main Index":24:4:"Press ESC to return to this index." xI14:D(I)1Ė8:63I:"*" :TN0 300:A(B$):A1A4140 1:A1000,2000,3000,200 N:6:10:"Returning to the main index..." 19952, ZX$""Z I1103:C1,X1,Y1,C2:XI(I)X1:YI(I)Y1:a 0 dN:BK1:3:4:"PINDEX: Isotopes and Atomic Weight":7:6:2:"Select a topic by number.":10:9:"1. Isotopes":12:"2. Atomic Weights"c n15:"3. ~3 : ATOMIC WEIGHT 9/7/828 :(C) 1982 S. SMITHC34900M100z PU(10),D(4),XI(103),YI(103),P(20):SS14OK$"ok":NO$"no":Y$"":N$""EX$""                     SS,0SS2,0:SS18,0SS19,0<=NI17:SS,SSISS3,SSI:`=NI36:SS3,SSISS13,SSI:I=NI16:SS13,SSISS19,SSI:=NI810:SS3,SSISS17,SSI:=NSS3,SS7SS4,SS7SS4,SS6:SS4,SS7SS4,SS6:36:SS3,SSISS13,SS 14,14,11,31,15,15,11,42,13,16,11,45J":M:ZK%0:ZA%İ420:4060.724:24:1:"Right, these are the alkali metals."<5B0İ3300\54080:300:TN0:3300:40605\"Type the symbol for a noble gas."5f18:22:500:A"":ZA%İ420:47205k250:B0İ35706l24:1:"Type one of these symbols.":30:A"":O"H":ZK%0:ZN%1ZA%46204ZN%2Ė1:22:"Although hydrogen is shown in the firstcolumn, it is NOT an alkali metal.":300:700:46004250:B0İ3300424:1:"Type one of these symbols.":300:24:E40:4610-5 260:erent masses.".ZC%1ĺ"The answer is NO."<ZK%2010K440:2015420:16:2:"Right. A carbon atom weighs abouttwelve times that of a hydrogen atom.":290@N:8:"PThe weight of an individual atom is verysmall. Let's set up a scalec number."!ZC%1ĺ"It is 3."/ZK%1710>440:1715N:BK8:2:4:"PDoes a hydrogen atom weigh the sameas a carbon atom?"14:10:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%20201:16:ZC%1ĺ"Remember that the atoms of each elementhave diffnumber."ZC%1ĺ"Try 3.",ZK%1660;440:1665u4:8:"How many electrons doesthis element have?":E:1690:148016:16:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%1520 1:20:ZC%1ĺ" The number of electrons equals the atomimic number."#PZC%1ĺ"It is 4."1QZK%1610@R440:1615xh4:8:"How many protons doesthis element have?":rN:1640:1480|16:16:400:A" ":M:ZK%0:ZA%1520 1:20:ZC%1ĺ"The number of protons equals the atomicZC%1ĺ"It is 7."ZK%1560. 440:1565g64:8:"How many neutrons doesthis element have?":z@N:1590:1480J16:16:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%1520 O1:20:ZC%1ĺ"The number of neutrons equals the massnumber minus the ato0420:20:10:"That is correct.":300:1310h4:8:"What is the mass numberof this element?":{N:1540:148016:16:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%15201:20:ZC%1ĺ"The atomic mass is shown in the upperleft corner."94:8:"What is the atomic numberof this element?":LN:1490:148016:16:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%15201:20:ZC%1ĺ"The atomic number is shown in the lowerleft corner."ZC%1ĺ"It is 3"ZK%1510440:1515ZK%1240440:12452420:18:15:"1":290WNP5:I1NP:P(I)I::BK7:ZC%0vZC%1P(RN)P(NP):NPNP1(NP0D(1)1:1002RN(NP((1))1):R<P(RN)1500,1550,1600,1650,170013127,86:36133,86:18:10:"7":18:12:"3":rotons and neutrons. Try: 2":ZK%12206440:1225420:18:13:"2":18:1:E40:20:1:"What number goes here?":0:450:3:R:Y1150:Y2118:45022:18:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%12501:24:"The atomic number is 1. Type: 1":4:"PFor the isotope of hydrogen (deuterium)which has 1 neutron, what number goeshere?"9128,110:X160:Y170:X2116:Y298:45018:18:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%1230'20:4:"The mass number is the sum of thep8:6:"This is the mass number.":X160:Y170:X2116:Y298:450:18:1:"The mass number is the number of protonsplus the number of neutrons.":290:18:E40,320:6:"This is the atomic number.":X160:Y1150:X2116:Y2118:450:300ZN:BK6:N:BK4:8:3:"PAtoms of the same element which havedifferent numbers of neutrons arecalled isotopes.":290~N:BK5:2:1:"PWhen it is important to specify aparticular isotope we use this typeof symbol."9128,110:18:13:"1":18:15:"1"1:ZC%1ĺ"Remember, The atomic number equalsthe number of protons."]*ZC%1ĺ"It is 1."k+ZK%1060z,440:1065.420:14:1:"PRight! The element with one proton andone neutron is called deuterium and isan isotope of hydrogen.":290oL:1015a420:18:3:"PRight. hydrogen is the first elementand it has a single proton.":290N:BK3:4:2:"PIf an atom has one proton and oneneutron, what is its atomic number?"$14:10:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%1070F)16::1:E40,NL:\N:BK2:8:4:"PHow many protons are in the nucleusof a hydrogen atom?"14:14:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%102018:1:ZC%1ĺ"Hydrogen is the first element."ZC%1ĺ"TRY: 1."ZK%1010440769,30:770: NTNT1:$ 4305 T:ZK%442;  A1((Y2Y1)(X2X1)):A21.571A1:A8:B4:X2X1X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1):470 X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1) X1,Y1X2,Y2X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)1X2,Y2: VTriodic Table":20200:3010:3015y, 20200::I1103:C1,X1,Y1,C2:C1X1SS2,(Y11)SS2:C20ĔC2X1SS8,(Y11)SS2, :, NP10:I1NP:P(I)I::NA5:NC2:ZC%0, ZC%1P(RN)P(NP):NPNP1, NP03500, RN(NP(1))1:NT0- 20:1::1:ZC%1ĺ"The mass of one Avogadro's number ofatoms is equal to the atomic weight."n+ ZC%1ĺ"Try: 6.9"|+ ZK%2460+ 440:2464+ 420:5:18:"Right. The gram-atomic weightof lithium is 6.9 grams.":290:D(2)1:100 , N:BK19:1:12:"Pe02x10U2U3 is known as Avogadro's Number.":290* N:4:"The atomic weight of lithium is 6.9 amu.":8:"What is the weight of 6.02x10U2U3 atomsof lithium in grams?"* 13:14:400:ZK%0:A(ZA$):A6.85A7.05ZA%1:ZW%0* M:ZA%ī2470W+ 152N)B T:ZK%132390+)L N10000002360)V 1:22:E40:6:15:"At this rate, it will take":17:"2,000,000,000,000,000 years":19:"to get 12 grams!":290)` N:BK18:6:"PIt takes 6.02 x 10U2U3 atoms of carbon-12to have 12 grams."0*j 14:"6.p if we have the computeradd the carbon atoms for us.":290(. N:BK17:6:"Number of carbon atoms:":10:"Weight: 0.00000000000000000000002 grams":N0:22:"Press RETURN when you want to go on."(3 "$":ZK%0)8 NN1:6:25:N:10:34.435(2N):0002":15:"Press RETURN to add another carbon atom.":300' N:BK16:6:"PThis is the weight of 2 carbon atoms:":10:"0.00000000000000000000004"<($ 15:"It is going to be too slow to have youadd atoms one at a time. Let's see howthe weight adds ubon-12 weighs only":9:"0.00000000000000000000002 GRAMS"& 13:"Since this is too small to measure let'sadd up the weights of carbon atoms untilwe get 12 grams.":290:' N:BK15:6:"This is the weight of 1 carbon atom:":10:"0.000000000000000000018:"2Cl1":X%10:19:"17":15:17:"35.453":105,60155,60155,130105,130105,60%8:1:"Atomic Number":17:"AverageAtomic Weight%X190:Y160:X2120:Y270:450:X170:Y1130:Y2115:X2100:450%3009&E:BK14:250:6:"An atom of carhe atomic weight is closer to 35 than37 so the answer must be 35."Z$ZC%1ĺ"TYPE: 35"h$ZK%2210w$440:2214$420:1:20:"Right, it is 75.5% chlorine-35.":290%N:2:"PThe PERIODIC TABLE of the elements showschlorine like this.":12:(35.0 amu) and chlorine-37 (37.0 amu)."::"The atomic weight of chlorine is 35.5.Which isotope, 35 or 37, predominates?"#14:14:400:A"":O"THIRTY FIVE":M:ZK%0:ZA%2220C$1:20:ZC%1ĺ"Ts the AVERAGE of thehydrogen atoms. Since it is closer to 1there must be more hydrogen-1."q"ZC%1ĺ"Try: 1""ZK%2180"440:2185"420:18:1:"Right, it is 99.985% hydrogen-1.":290{#N:BK13:4:"PChlorine is a mixture of chlorine-35he atomic weight of hydrogen-2is 2.014 amu. The average atomic weightof hydrogen is 1.008 amu. Which isotope,1 or 2, predominates? (type 1 or 2)"!15:12:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%2190\"1:18:ZC%1ĺ"The atomic weight is 2.0140 amu.Hydrogen is a mixture of these twoisotopes.":290 fN:BK11:9:2:"PThe atomic weight of an element is theaverage mass relative to carbon-12which is 12.000.":290!zN:BK12:1:"PThe atomic weight of hydrogen-1 is 1.078amu and t":M:ZK%0:ZA%2130M1:16:250:ZC%1ĺ"The extra neutron nearly doubles the mass."OZC%1ĺ"It is more."PZK%2120Q440:2125A R420:250:1:14:"Right, its mass itimesabbreviated as amu.":290t4N:BK10:1:2:"The mass of H is 1.0078 amu.":Y4:X85:"1":Y13:X85:"1">5:1:"PWould you expect the mass of H to be moreor less than hydrogen-1?":Y28:X185:"2":Y37:X187:"1"[H14:10:400:A" of relativeweights so we can compare differentelements.":290 N:BK9:4:"PWe will use carbon-12 as our standard.":4127,78:X114:Y67:"12":X120:Y78:"6"16:1:"The mass of this atom is 12 atomic massunits. Atomic mass unit is some!!! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!""" " " " " "ISS13,SSI:I4;NI16:SS13,SSISS19,SSI:X;NI810:SS3,SSISS17,SSI:};NSS3,SS7SS4,SS7SS4,SS6::I810:SS3,SSISS17,SSI:;NSS3,SS7SS4,SS7SS4,SS6:4SS3,SS1SS3,SS76:NI412:SSI,SS3SSI,SS6:Z:NI1317:SSI,SS1SSI,SS6::NSS18,0SS18,SS6:SS19,0SS19,SS6:NI317:SSI,SS8SSI,SS10::NSS,0SS2,0:SS18,0SS19,0:NI17:SS,SSISS3,SSI:;NI36:SS3,SS,7,47,19,18,7,41,7,1,8,45,19,2,8,28,2,3,8,30,21,3,11,359N 17,4,11,28,22,5,11,0,15,6,11,43,17,7,11,48,2,8,11,40,4,9,11,40,3,10,11,38,4,11,11,33,6,12,11,46,7,13,11,409N 14,14,11,31,15,15,11,42,13,16,11,459NSS,0SS,SS7:SS2,0SS2,SS7:N40,6,8,10,48,8,9,10,31,21,10,10,29,5,11,10,52,9,12,10,42,6,13,10,45,21,14,10,40,26,15,10,298N 13,16,10,48,9,4,7,33,21,5,7,28,24,6,7,0,19,7,7,32,16,8,7,46,10,9,7,45,17,10,7,47,2,11,7,48,9,12,7,3479N 21,13,7,39,17,14,7,29,3,15,7,36,17,16,7,42,2,17,6,45u7N 15,5,6,29,14,6,6,42,21,7,6,30,19,8,6,48,19,9,6,35,17,10,6,31,2,11,6,34,4,12,6,31,10,13,6,41,20,14,6,417N 20,15,6,29,21,16,6,32,10,17,6,0,25,18,6,32,4,1,7,46,3,2,7,28,13,3,7,28,4,3,10,32,17,4,10,45,15,5,10,31[8N 17,6,10,40,20,7,10,0,16,4,0,4,17,4,39,2,18,4,45,12,1,5,0,4,2,5,286N 20,3,5,30,21,4,5,36,23,5,5,0,4,6,5,45,14,7,5,41,7,8,5,32,4,9,5,42,15,10,5,36,4,11,5,48,27,12,5,417N 8,13,5,28,8,14,5,32,2,15,5,46,20,16,5,32,3,17,5,45,12,18,5,45,19,1,6,29,20,2,6,45,26,3,6,0,27,4Y5MQA$"What is the atomic number of ":QP$"How many protons are in the nucleus of ":5N 9,1,2,0,9,18,2,32,13,1,3,36,3,2,3,32,3,13,3,0,4,14,3,0,15,15,3,0,16,16,3,0,7,17,3,0,15,18,3,32.6N 15,1,4,28,14,2,4,34,2,13,4,39,20,14,4,36,17,15,4,0,2ference between the mass":EN$"number and the atomic number.":p4EM$"It is the same as the atomic number.":4 EM$"The number of electrons equals the":EN$"atomic number.":4L54XI(B)SS1,(YI(B)1)SS14LTN1Ĺ768,(B4)2:769,30:7705M0:MX7:%3t1690:3760:3850:MX7:Z33127,86:32133,86:18:10:"9":18:12:"4":315127,86:17:10:"15":18:12:"7":3EM$"It is the number at the lower left.":3EM$"It is at the upper left of the symbol.":?4EM$"It is the dif2021490:3750:3810:MX4:<2$1540:3750:3820:MX9:Y2.1590:3750:3830:MX5:v281640:3750:3840:MX4:2B1690:3750:3850:MX4:2L1490:3760:3810:MX7:2V1540:3760:3820:MX15:2`1590:3760:3830:MX8:3j1640:3760:384,3660,3670,3680,3690,3700E1 17:16:400:A(ZA$):ZK%0:AMXī3600L1 Mh1 20:1:ZC%1ĺEM$:EN$1 ZC%1Ģ20:13:"Try: "MX1ZK%35601440:35702420:22:15:"CORRECT":24:1:20NP(NT0)" right":24:30:NP(NT0)" to go":300:35,TWELVE>":B12:X5:G0v QA$;"chlorine?":AA$"":B17:h0 QA$;"iron?":AA$"26":B26:0 NP10:I1NP:P(I)I::ZC%00 ZC%1P(RN)P(NP):NPNP10 NP0D(3)1:1000 RN(NP(1))1:EN$""1 N:P(RN)3610,3620,3630,3640,3650:B2:3/D QA$;"nitrogen?":AA$"":B7:_/N QA$;"lithium?":AA$"":B3:/X QP$:22:"a hydrogen atom?":AA$"":B1:X4:/b QP$:22:"a boron atom?":AA$"":B5:X2:0l QP$:22:"a magnesium atom?":AA$"":B8:.0 QA$;"sodium?":AA$"":B11:/: QA$;"helium?":AA$""E40,5:20:1:X0M- P(RN)3110,3120,3130,3140,3150,3160,3170,3180,3190,3200e- TN1:19700:TN0:R- 22:16X:400:A"":M:ZK%0:ZA%3100- ZC%1İ250:24:1:"It is equal to its position in the table."- ZC%1:24:14:"Try ";B. Zis used in making non-stick coatings":AA$"":AH$"fluorine":,"It produces a red-orange color in anelectrical discharge."6C1$"It is used to make electric signs.":AA$"":AH$"neon": @"It is the most abundant metalogen,N,N2>":AH$"nitrogen":k"A colorless, odorless, tasteless gaswhich is essential for human life."C1$"It is the most abundant element onearth.":AA$"":AH$"oxygen":"It is the most reactive nonmetal known."N"C1$"It t black form and aclear hard modification.":C1$"It is the basic building block ofliving matter.":AA$"":AH$"carbon":"It is the most abundant component ofthe atmosphere."C1$"It can be converted to fertilizer.":AA$"":AH$"helium":"The lightest metal which reacts rapidlywith water to form hydrogen."C1$"Its bromide salt is used in largeair conditioners.":AA$"":AH$"lithium":-"It exists in a sof700B 1:24:E40:24:8:"Press RETURN to continue.":300:2000e"It is the lightest element."C1$"It forms water when burned in oxygen.":AA$"":AH$"hydrogen":"It is the lightest inert gas."8C1$"It is used to fill :E40:24:4:"PTo see the answer press RETURN.":R 19:1:"NAME of the element":R:HT20:CV19:500:A"":CV1:HT1:ZM$ ZA%İ420:19:22:"Right":SS2:700:3080 CV:CH1:"no" 430:15:22:"It is ";AH$;".":SS1:":HT20:CV9:500:A"":(ZA$)02080CV1:HT1:ZM$:ZA%İ420:16:13:"Right!":SS4:700:1:24:E40:24:8:"Press RETURN to continue.":300:2000CV:CH1:"no" 430:1:24:E40:700 "P":1:13:C1$4 24:1"PQuestion ";Q:30:1:"Score ";S:4C1$"":NC2>1:4R(Q)4000,4020,4040,4060,4080,4100,4120,4140,4160,4180,4200,4220,4240,4260,4280,5000,5020,5040,5060,50804:24:"For more information press RETURN."'1:9:1:"NAME of the elementement, its chemical symbolor, for diatomic elements, its chemicalformula. "v"To make it easy for you to input formulas,the first letter you type will be capitalizedand numbers will be subscripted.":290QQ1:Q20D(2)1:6000$N:1:1:N:4:8:"PYou will get 4 points if you get thename of the element right with thefirst clue. If you need two clues youget 2 points. A wrong answer is -1.":290:D(1)1:100OlN:4:"PYou may answer these questions by typingthe NAME of the el(A$)1):530 ZA$A$:4 35:1:E3:36:1:S:U N:8:2:"2INTRODUCTION1" 6:3:"PIn this program you will try to guessthe name of an element from the cluesgiven to you." 14:"Twenty common elements are used in thisprogram.":290A32(A$)05308 NZ(A1$):(A$)0A64A91ZZ32W XZ48Z58ĺ"D"(Z);:620a b(Z) lCHCH1:A$A$(Z):A1$"":CH38L1530 vCH38545 CHHT2A$"":CHHT2:530 CHCH1:CH:CV:E1,2:CV:(A$)1A$"":530 A$(A$,:768,I:769,30:770::NTNT1:) 430: T:ZK%442@ L :INPUTz A$"":CHHT:I39CH:CH:CV:EI,2:CH:CV CH:CV:">":CHCH2 CH:CV:A1$:A(A1$):A13670 A1Ė1: &A27100 0A2100 :A8640 ?A21510 D:5:"Returning to the main index..."B (13);(4);"RUN ROUTER"j "24:8:"Press RETURN to continue." ,P:ZK%27ġ:100 6ZK%2ġ:100 @ ZL%30:I:ZK%27ZK%2ġ:100 ZK%0: I55455:768,I:769,20:770:: I7510025 x9:11:"1. Introduction":14:"2. Properties":17:"3. Return to the Main Index":22:4:"Press ESC to return to this index." }I12:D(I)1Ģ83I:7:"*" ~ 10000:Q0:S0 300:AZK%48:A1A3136 A1000,1900,200% N:10 : PROPERTIES 9/7/823:(C) S SMITH 1982=100H34900XR(20),D(3)3:0:0:OK$"":NO$" ":ZX$"dN:14:1:"P2INDEX1":5:7:"Properties of the Elements" n8:4:"PSelect a topic by number."ZL%10:ZF$"":I:ZK%27ġ:1002ZK%2350AZK%1530^A"":ZA%ZC%ZC%1:500A"XA":O"XB":O"XC":O"XD":O"XE":O"XF":O"XG":O"XH":O"XI":O"XJ":O"XK":O"XL":O"XM":O"XN"VT:1:E40,NL:rN:BK2:3:8:"2INSTRUCTIO25:P1,I:P2,30:CL::NTNT1:) 430: T:ZK%442@  A1((Y2Y1)(X2X1)):A21.571A1:A8:B4:X2X1X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1):470 X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1) X1,Y1X2,Y2X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)1X2,Y2:#he main index...". (13);(4);"RUN ROUTER": "P":b "24:8:"Press RETURN to continue."x ,P:ZK%27ġ:100 6ZK%2ġ:350 @PS1:TA0: ^1:BK200,100,1000,100,2000,2100,100,100,4000 I55455:P1,I:P2,20:CL:: I7510014:"3. Put Elements in Periodic Table":16:"4. Grade YOUR Periodic Table":18:"5. Return to the Main Index":AD0:24:4:"Press ESC to return to this index." 300:AZK%48:A1A5140 A1000,2000,3000,4000,200 N:5:10:"Returning to tstery Elements1":3010:5:19:"In this lesson you are to fill inthe blanks in this periodic table.":290 dN:BK1:X(0):1:5:"P2Mystery Elements1":1:7:"Select a topic:":10:6:"1. Instructions":12:"2. Data on the UNKNOWN Elements" nYI(I)Y1:S1(I)C1:S2(I)C2:k A$"0102061011121617192029475379":N1:I1272:AN(N)((A$,I,2)):NN1: TT$"00111011100011200100222222220222221211222222220222220221200000000000000222222202222222222" 3:0:0 #NO$"NO"k (N:16:5:"P2My0 : MENDELEEV.2 9/7/825:(C) 1982 S. SMITH@34900J100pN:10:8:"One moment please..." SS14:SC2:P1768:P2769:CL770:XI(103),YI(103),S1(103),S2(103),AN(14),SE(14),PP$(10),R(14)10000 I1103:C1,X1,Y1,C2:XI(I)X1:"""""""               2VERY GOOD!1"5S61S50Ģ4:8:"2GOOD WORK!1"{10:10:"Your score is "S" out ofa possible 80 points.":P:100'I120:R(I)I:'I120:X1(20(1)):YR(I)$'R(I)R(X):R(X)Y:.'eters.":AA$"":AH$"mercury":Y"It is the coating on galvanized iron."C1$"It is relatively resistant to corrosion.":AA$"":AH$"zinc":pN:S80Ģ10:8:"2You got them ALL right!1":P:100zS80S60Ģ4:6:"e":J"A very dense yellow metal which occursin nature as the metal."C1$"It is used as a monetary standard inmany countries":AA$"":AH$"gold":"It is a metal which is liquid at roomtemperature.",C1$"It is used in thermom,"It is a dark reddish purple liquid."C1$"It is a member of the halogen family.":AA$"":AH$"bromine":"It is a dark purple solid."C1$"The sodium salt is often added totable salt.":AA$"":AH$"iodinntof bones and teeth."iC1$"Its carbonate is called limestone.":AA$"":AH$"calcium":"It is a common metal and the fourthmost abundant element on earth."C1$"It is the major component of steel.":AA$"":AH$"iron":s an irritating gas when burned.":AA$"":AH$"sulfur":|"This diatomic element is added todrinking water."C1$"The sodium salt is common table salt":AA$"":AH$"chlorine":"It is the principal mineral componehe pure element exists in a yellow formwhich ignites in the air and also in aless reactive red modification."rC1$"It is used to make safety matches.":AA$"":AH$"phosphorus":|"It is a yellow colored non-metal."CC1$"It form on earth."mJC1$"The metal surface is protected by anoxide film.":AA$"":AH$"aluminum":T"Sand is an oxide of this element."^C1$"It is the second most abundant elementon earth.":AA$"":AH$"silicon":oh"PT