' +JJJJ ?\>m0M='+l> /+l   d]@ŵLҦ]]LF L}BBL] X  ` 鷎귭෍ᷩ췩緈JJJJx Lȿ L8ᷭ緍췩 緍i 8 `巬 췌`x (`(8`I`B` ``>J>J>VU)?`8'x0|&HhHh VY)'&Y)xꪽ)' `Hh`V0^*^*>&` aI꽌ɪVɭ&Y&&Y& 꽌ɪ\8`&&꽌ɪɖ'*&%&,E'з꽌ɪФ`+*xS&x'8*3Ixix&& 8  '  & x)*++`FG8`0($ p,&"ųųೳŪŪųųij  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?   1 '" *"( (9"1 ( ,.(0# 2  /#0/#0 *?'#07#00/0/'#07#0:"4<*55/**5/*%5/)1/)1/)1/)'#0/#0*5/*75/**5/*:5//#0/#0'#07#0:::*::'#07#0"):$(%"%:$(%"%$$2%4%$$2%4%$(2()!)E(!8b $!H(+ "@H !D)"E` @ $ C ` DQ &J80^݌Hh ü ü݌ ռ ռ ռA ļD ļ? ļAEDE?HJ>h Լ ռ ռ ռ`HJ>݌h Hh݌`ɃlXLȔЖȔЖȠHIHHHHhHH݌hHhHh݌H6 VDP (ED Z $0x8x D- ܸDD# H8`?E Vk *f???0xE Hh D#-EEE8` D ܸx D - ܸx8`-0ݩ?ʥD EEE`   LDcpq` [` ~  LӜu`".Q`pNФbptťܥm2<(-Py0\|e<6e<g< JJJJj귍hI  aUL@ kU8  L  Q^R(jQ0l^l\  wUuW ԧ H h@ [_ /QSIRb_L`LLLL`ª`LQLYLeLXLeLee ўQH\(h0L& Ꝥ$`( R \ZLl8 ўR HH\`\Z[YS6`LxQɿu3'RͲʎRʎ]]]ɍuL͟ɍ}RLRɍg^H8 ^hZLɍR LͲɊRR% QLܤͲ Z@ -^ ş\[Z QY\[Z8`l6Lş_Ȍb_Ͳ] )Y h( ֭ͲLɍ [LLĦ__ ^ 9 LҦ3 9 a   0LjLY u< (_9 ˭ɠuɠK_9 ?LˆʎõĵL õ ĵµ aµ`` L̦µ_bJLuLz`  ȟ QL߼J̥KlV  ȟ QlV eօ3L e3L &RL &QL d L4 Ne)n `@-eff L f`L . tQLѤ LҦL` OPu d L Ne)noon 8ɍ` ^f\õL ^NR  RΩLҦ)\Z ʽ LHv 3h`0h8` [L NС õ`A@` ŵL^Lõ`  \ 濭0 \  ȟ Q ^\lZl^?cqH şch`fhjõĵ@OAP`u@`@&`QR`E Ls  @DAE@u`8` %@ @A@`@`@A`Mµ ) LЦ`8@AWc@8@-@HAȑ@hHȑ@ȑ@hHȑ@Ȋ@ch8&ȑ@Hȑ@Ah@LHȑ@ȑ@ htphso`hMhL`9V8U897T6S67`INILOASAVRUCHAIDELETLISUNLOCCLOSREAEXEWRITPOSITIOOPEAPPENRENAMCATA_OMONOMOPRINMAXFILEFINBSAVBLOABRUVERIF!pppp p p@p p`" t""#x"p0p@p@@@p@!y q q p@  LANGUAGE NOT AVAILABLRANGE ERROWRITE PROTECTEEND OF DATFILE NOT FOUNVOLUME MISMATCI/O ERRODISK FULFILE LOCKESYNTAX ERRONO BUFFERS AVAILABLFILE TYPE MISMATCPROGRAM TOO LARGNOT DIRECT COMMANč$3>L[dmx- ( 0 Ϡ@跻~!Wo*9~~~~ɬƬ~_ j ʪHɪH`Lc (L ܫ㵮赎 ɱ^_ J QL_Ls贩紎 DǴҵԵƴѵӵµȴ 7 ַ :ŵƴѵǴҵȴµ納贍﵎ٵ്ᵭⳍڵL^ѵ-I `  4 ò-յ!  8صٵ紭ﵝ 7L (0+BC  7L HH`LgL{0 HH` õL H hBL BH [ h`Lo õ ڬL B ڬ LʬH hB@ յյ [L (ȴ) ȴ 7L L ( L (ȴL{ƴѵ洩ƴǴҵ 7 ^* B0 HȱBh ӵԵ 8 L8 ݲ` ܫ  / / ED B / / ]ƴS0Jȴ ȴ)  紅D贅E B ƴ  / 0L Ν `HD٤DEEhiHLGh ` ŵBѵ-` ѵB-` ܫ XI볩쳢8 DH E𳈈췍Ȍ X0 · JLǵBȵC`,յp` 䯩 R-յյ`յ0` K R-յյ`ɵʵӵԵ` 4 K ( ѵҵLBȱBL8` DBHBH : ַ޵BȭߵBhhӵԵ RBܵmڵ޵ȱBݵm۵ߵ` 䯩LR˵̵ֵ׵`êĪLR E( 8` R` ELRŪƪ`췌 յյI뷭鷭귭ⵍ㵍跬ª 뷰` Lf ݵܵߵ޵ ^`8ܵ i B8` 4L ֵȱB׵ ܯ䵍൭嵍 ` DȑB׵Bֵ  ַ յյ`굎뵎쵬 뵎쵌``õĵBCõĵ`µµ`L õBĵCصص Qƴ0"Bƴ 󮜳` 0۰ϬBƴ8`i#`ЗLw!0>ﵭ` m ﳐ 7i볍 8 ЉLw`H h ݲL~ `浍국䵍뵩嵠Jm赍嵊mjnnn浈ۭm浍浭m䵍䵩m嵍`"L ŵ8ŵH ~(` d ֠z# u`O. Box 102, Wentworth N.H. 03282"t <17:10:"(603) 764-5831":22:5:"Press @x2@c6RETURN@x1@c7 to continue.":300 dN:B0,0,278,45:G:Y12:7:"@3@FIDEAL GASES":G:3:8:"@F@0@x2@c6Choose topic by number.":GIn7:12:"1. Instructions for Usif (3:22:" (C) 1983, 1984 by Chabay and Smith":10:Y180:"@x2@c7PRESS RETURN.":B2,177,276,189:P 2N:1:9:"@F@x2@0@c6Distributed by@x1":5:B1,20,276,80,12,6:6:Y37:"@F@4@C5@0COMPress":G! 713:5:"A Division of Wadsworth, Inc.":15:3:"P.4,168,104,166,223,154,72,152,72,96P I09:A:912I,A:: ONERR GOTO FIXUP N:"@0@P@1@C3@v4":GS:6:B0,0,278,191,2,2:G:B2,2,276,45 #Y9:6:"@F@4@C1CHEMISTRY":G:9:4:"@C6@F@4IDEAL GASES":G &G:17:6:"Ruth Chabay Stanley Smith"" D$(4)m D$"BLOAD KEY TABLE,A"((24584)256(24585)):D$"BLOAD WHITE SET,A"((24580)256(24581)) WS(24580)256(24581)1029:D$"BLOAD BOLD TABLE,A"WS:H(WS256):LWS256H:24582,L:24583,H D$;"BLOAD BIN.STRING.EXP.794""  10,3:779,240:780,9:781,202t 782,208:783,245:784,174:785,0:786,3:787,76:788,2:789,3:790,96:791,0:792,0 793,0:800,0 ::10:8:"ONE MOMENT PLEASE...":12:6:"LOADING ENBASIC CAI SYSTEM":22:16:"D7/V3" (13);(4)"BRUN ENBASICn : HELLO 2/844 (C)1983,84 CHABAY SMITH@1012,0K36000T30p(13);(4)"MAXFILES 2" 104,168,104,166,223,154,72,152,72,96 I09:A:912I,A: 770,173:771,48:772,192:773,136:774,208:775,5:776,206:777,1:778a i yLvh \hgQMEưikmjln[lX `ĠԤ{ ~21;27BwQr+|yg_htpq}WDhBjJ01~l8*9n*yL Pu5 UČJFGaI2 Dӝ[f'&;:(@ ّSb?:Jvs]J>?<;8HUTW N8Q4Z""8?>>> ?DDDD------,?;???------u???????+----------o3p- ??(-%??,-%?? - -o -? -$$ M66- $$?  --$ $ , e- -----666666????< $$$$6$$6RI$$$66. $&??????9?$$$-6------------->????????????'  -??/(m???-5?o666. $$$$$$$$76666 $$$566666666'$$$$9-%d -66>$$<066>$$$766^'$$6&-66vv-----------m-----  - $$$-6III16666>???7---------@CTRL-E"BK1:Np3:"Pressure is const0ZW%1 J1NX^VL(W(J)TL(W(J)))VL(W(J)TL(W(J)))WPJ:ZA%0:ZW%1:d",WP1:ZA%0:ZW%0ZW%11A(24584)256(24585):A467,152:A499,152:A475,29:A4107,29,A45,0:NO$NK$:A417,139:A470,142:ZA%WP1:1550jU3$""įO"":ZA%ĭVLAN(3)TL(AN(3))VLAN(3)TL(AN(3))WP0:RT3:ZA%WP1:1550U4$""įO"":ZA%ĭVLAN(4)TL(AN(4))VLAN(4)TL(AN(4))WP0:RT4:ZA%WP1:1550WP2:ZA%0:ZW%RT0#NC1WP3:ZA%0:ZW%1:EA"":ZA%WP3:ZA%0:ZW%1:A"":ZA%ĭVL(AN(1)(TLAN(1)))VL(AN(1)(TLAN(1)))WP0:RT1:ZA%WP1:1550O"":ZA%ĭVL(AN(2)(TLAN(2)))VL(AN(2)(TLAN(2)))WP0:RT2:0B3461420#P1L1420KJ((ZA$,P2,1)):J48J571430oN21:N1N2:B1B2:C$C$B$:1310N22:NC11420N2N11460NCNC1:NC11420B2101B269:B$(B2)N1N2:B1B2:A$A$B$:C$C$SP$:1310NTNT1:WP0:3((ZA$,P1,1)))2B248B2571430:<B2461380IFB301420aPB348B3571430kZ1420dB269B21011400nB332B3571420pB10B1571420s1430xB243B2451420{N12B1691420~B348B357143J1,2)"# "1098%HZI$(ZK%):1010DJZI$"@@"(ZK%)"@@":1010bLA"":ZA%ZC%ZC%1:1000nV1700:P0:N10:N20:NC0:VL0:A$"":C$"":L(ZA$):B10:B20:B30PP1:PLVL(A$):ZA$C$:(B$(ZA$,P,1):B2(B$):PLB30:1330-BU3$"":U4$"":R:0X1:Y1:1800:ZL%25:SS0?X1:Y1:IU$ZK%1SS1:1110m.ZK%2ġ:1700:2008ZK%17::1700:5000=ZK%27ġ:1700:100BZK%65ZK%1221100CZC%ZC%1DJ(ZA$):J0ĭ(ZA$,J,1)"#"1098FJ1ĭ(ZA$,inue.":505A0)P:ZK%27ġ:100;ZK%2ġ:200PA1Ģ24:1:E40V{XI55455:PI,I:DU,20:TN::bI7510025:PI,I:DU,40:TN::X(224)256(225):X1X81:Y(226)6:Y1Y81:RT0:NT0:A0:X(0):U1$"":U2$"":"= xP:AZK%48:ZK%5Ģ24:1:E10:24:1:" ";E;"/";L:120N }A1A3120c A4000,6000,220x BK100,5900,100 N:3:8:"@4@F@C1One momentplease...":1700:(13);(4);"RUN ROUTER" A1:G:24:1:E40:4:24:"Press @x2@c6RETURN@ to contdN:4:5:"@3@FCharles's Law":G:6:1700z n11:"1 Instructions2 @F@G@C1@X2PROBLEMS@3 Return to MAIN INDEX@" pI12:LD%(I)1Y8024(I1):YY:X16:"*"; q s1:B0,5,278,155,6:G u24:3:"Press ESC to return to this index.@S@0":DC$(2)"" UDK$(1)"":DK$(2)"" ZN:7:0:0:1700 b100 cN:L(218)(219)256:E(222):100+ "" KN$"" MNX$""\ PDC$(1)":G1$(2)"cooled":GS$(1)"Helium":GS$(2)"Neon":GS$(3)"Argon":GS$(4)"CO@D2" <OK$"@x2@c1OK@":NK$"@x2@c5NO@":NJ$"@X2@"(5)"5NO@" ALI$"":ML$""_ FY$Ч'( :"COPYRIGHT (C) R. CHABAY, 1983"K :"VT PROBLEMS 2 01/12/84"V36800_99r(DC$(2),DK$(2)2PI768:DU769:TN770:D$(4):SP$(32):TL.034P0:N10:N20:NC0:VL0:A$"":C$""L 7G$(1)"warming":G$(2)"cooling":G1$(1)"warmed"          PI,P(I):DU,D(I):TN::?8'L(218)256(219):E(222):1002):1000E(222):1000TN::8'L(218)256(219):E(222):10000):E(222):100X11,Y11X22,Y11X22,Y21X12,Y21X12,Y11:2F7P#JJ150:JJQ7Z#:3:i7#PI,50:DU,60:TN:7#I12:PI,25:DU,30:TN::7#I12:PI,100:DU,30:TN::7#P(0)200:P(1)158:P(2)133:P(3)100:D(0)20:D(1)20:D(2)20:D(3)808#I03::LD%(1)1:500:10066PP6@1:24:"For #K type '&k'; for #C type '&c'":[6-#I1362#2:X1,Y1X2,Y1X2,Y2X1,Y2X1,Y1X12,Y11X22,Y11X22,Y21X12,Y21X12,Y1167#PI,50:DU,20:TN6<#JJ150:JJ57F#0:X1,Y1X2,Y1X2,Y2X1,Y2X1,Y1:"T@D2 T@D1":G`562,7290,7290,7362,73:126,72152,72152,73126,73:X101:Y67:"="m5"@1":P59:18:" 4 L @D@D= 3.5 L":8:20:"293#K 256#K":54,14894,148:120,148160,14861:24:" CTRL-B to repeat this; RETURN to go on""(4 L)":9100A4P:5:152,127138,133:99,145113,139:3:9110m4P:X35:Y160:XX:YY:"= 256#K":91504P:X51:Y182:XX:YY:"256#K - 273 = -17#C":5004N:1:1:"Again our original equation issatisfied:"59:7:"@2@FV@D2 V@D1":11Y15:YY:"V@D1"Q3P:X35:Y132:XX:YY:"= ";:XX37:1:X,Y4X813,Y4:33P:X114:Y163:X284:Y279:9005:XX:YY5:YY:"(293#K)":91003P:X1174:X2240:9005:XX78:XX:YY:"(3.5 L)":9100 4P:X196:X2154:9005:X83:XX:Y139:YY:)2900,2910,4170,4170,4150,4130-2lZK%4420?2vT:ZK%4470I244502490:1:10:E40,11:X0:Y67:" T@D1=293#K V@D1=4 L V@D2=3.5 L"3X16:Y96:YY:"T@D2 = ";:X3521:1:X,Y4X57,Y4:3:XX:YY8:YY:"T@D1 V@D2":XX14:XX:Y0,4150,41401ZK%4320+1T:ZK%4370514350e1019:1:"What is V@D2?":X112:Y119:680:R1:U1$L$:U2$ML$:AN(1)3.5:AN(2)3.51000:W(1)20:W(2)4:NX21D1000:1300:1500:M:ZK%01NWP0İ600:45001X610:NT1WP12b1:21:(WP4K%42200T:ZK%4260#04240S017:1:"What is V@D1?":Y117:X112:680:R0U1$L$:U2$ML$:AN(1)4:AN(2)41000:W(1)20:W(2)3.5:NX201000:1300:1500:M:ZK%00WP0İ600:44000610:NT1WP1 11:19:(WP4)2900,2910,4160,416at number must be added to T@D1 toconvert it to degrees Kelvin?":R:680:X12:Y115/|1000:1300:VL273VL273.2ZA%1:ZW%0:4230/ZA%0:ZW%1/M:ZK%0:ZA%İ610:4240/RT1:600:P:4300/1:17:"Add 273 to convert #C to #K."0Zthe initial volume.":?.,"3.5 liters is the final volume.":i.6"20#C is the initial temperature.":{.@"4 liters":.J"3.5 liters":.T"20#C":.hRT3Ė1:12:"Right. You added 273 to 20#C toconvert it to #K.":500:4300T/r1:12:"@%Wh(1)293:AN(2)AN(1):AN(3)20:AN(4)AN(3):W(1)4:W(2)3.5:NX2h-X112:Y110:1000:1300:1500:M:ZK%0}-WP0İ600:4200-610:NT1WP1-1:12:(WP4)2900,2920,4180,4180,4130,4140-ZK%4020-T:ZK%4070-4050.""4 liters is e T@D2, so type: b":3400U,> 1:23:"Right! The final temperature is T@D2.":3450c,H ZK%3350u,R T:ZK%3410,\ 3366,z P:X0:Y60:E40,16:BK6,R:680:8000:1:10:"@%What is T@D1?"=-680:U1$DK$(1):U2$DK$(2):U3$DC$(1):U4$DC$(2):AN21:A0:I*+ A"B":ZA%İ600:A1:3364X+" O"":ZA%A2:ZA%0:ZW%1e+$ M:ZK%0{+& A0ĴA3390,3380+* 1:23:ZC%1ĺ"Type a letter from a-f."+, ZC%1ĺ"The answer is T@D2 so type: b"+. 3400,4 1:23:"You must calculatide. Try: cold." * ZK%32302* T:ZK%3310<* 3270x* 680:1:14:"Which value must you calculate?":R:ZL%1* 5:16:"a @C6@X2T@D1@b @C6@X2T@D2@c @C6@X2V@D1@":20:16:"d @C6@X2V@D2@e @C6@X2P@D1@f @C6@X2P@D2@" + 2:,WINTER,FREEZING,FREEZE,COLDER,COOLER,BRRR,BRR,BR,BRRRR,BRRRRR>"^) M:ZK%0:ZA%İ610:3270u) RT1:600:P:3330) 1:14:ZC%13290) "Note that the balloon's volumedecreased.":3300* "Since volume decreased, temperaturemust be lower outs house at room temperature(20#C). When it is taken outside itsvolume becomes 3.5 liters. Find thetemperature outside."( 1:80,59200,59:3( 490( 1:10:"Is it hot or cold outside?"( 2:12:I@) A"&N P:X35:Y160:XX:YY:"= 20 L":9150~&X 1:24:" CTRL-B to repeat this; RETURN to go on":BK5:500&] N:1:1:"Note that our original equation issatisfied:"&b 9:7:"@F@2V@D2 V@D1":11:"T@D2 T@D1"<'d 62,7290,7;:XX37:1:X,Y4X811,Y4:3d%< P:X118:Y136:X276:Y252:9005:XX:YY5:YY:"(10 l)":9100%> P:X1180:X2254:9005:XX67:XX:YY:"(600#K)":9100%@ P:X192:X2166:9005:X77:XX:Y139:YY:"(300#K)":9100&D P:5:142,127130,133:109,1$ 1:6:" V@D1=10 L T@D1=300#K T@D2=600#K"j$& 1:8:"Let's calculate the final volume.":P$0 X16:Y96:YY:"V@D2 = ";:X3521:1:X,Y4X57,Y4:3:XX:YY8:YY:"V@D1 T@D2":XX14:XX:YY15:YY:"T@D1"!%: P:X35:Y132:XX:YY:"= "05# T:ZK%3060# 3040.# ZC%13077t# 1:19:"That's right. Since T increases, Vwill also increase."}# 490# N:"@1@%":BK4# X0:Y0:"10 liters of oxygen in a piston at 300#Kis warmed to 600#K. Its pressure doesnot change."8er or smaller than V@D1?"#" R:K1" 2:17:If" A""" M:ZK%0:ZA%RT1:600:3073" RT0:610" 1:19:"V is directly proportional to T, whichincreases, so the final volume is larger"# ZK%30erature has units of #K or #C.":K!r "10 liters is the initial volume.":v!| "300#K is the initial temperature.":! "600#K is the final temperature.":! "10 liters":! "300#K":! "600#K":" 1:24:E40:500:1:15:"Will V@D2 be largY111:1000:1300:1500:M:ZK%05 ~ WP0İ600:2990J 610:NT1WP1{ 1:13:(WP4)2900,2920,2980,2980,2940,2930 ZK%2420 T:ZK%2470 2450 T "Type a number and its unit.": ^ "Volume has units of liters or mL.":!!h "Temp1:11:(WP4)2900,2920,2970,2970,2940,2930:8 ZK%2320LB T:ZK%2370VL 2350z` 500:R:1:11:"What is T@D2?"j 680:U1$DK$(1):U2$DK$(2):U3$DC$(1):U4$DC$(2):AN(1)600:AN(2)AN(1):AN(3)600273:AN(4)AN(3):W(1)300:W(2)10:NX2 t X112: 2270,500:R:1:9:"What is T@D1?" 680:U1$DK$(1):U2$DK$(2):U3$DC$(1):U4$DC$(2):AN(1)300:AN(2)AN(1):AN(3)300273:AN(4)AN(3):W(1)600:W(2)10:NX2 X112:Y19:1000:1300:1500:M:ZK%0 WP0İ600:2400$ 610:NT1WP1,. D1?":R8000W680:U1$L$:U2$ML$:AN(1)10:AN(2)101000:W(1)300:W(2)600:NX2X112:Y17:1000:1300:1500:M:ZK%0WP0İ600:2300610NT1WP11:9:(WP4)2900,2910,2960,2960,2940,2950ZK%2240T:ZK%2285N:4:10:"Let's use these formulas insolving some problems.":490XN:"@1@%":BK3X0:Y0:"10 liters of oxygen in a piston at 300#Kis warmed to 600#K. Its pressure doesnot change."1:13940,3613940,36:3490:1:7:"What is V@16:YI:"@%V@D2":JI1:YJ:"@#V@D2":2\9150;f490Vp11:1:"And likewise:z"@2@F@G":X56:Y120:"@C2T@D2@C3 =@C1":X126:Y104:"T@D1":X160:Y104:"@C2V@D2":X140:Y134:"@C1V@D1@":124,128182,128182,129124,129:G490DY>XJ:"@G@C1@F@2":I5322:YI:"@%T@D2":JI2:YJ:"@#T@D2":PI,160:DU,2:TN:CY32:I1141402:XI:"@F@G@C2@2@% T@D1";:JI2:XJ:"@# T@D1";:H0:54,2682,2682,2754,27:3:148,26186,26186,27148,27(RX56:"@2@F@G@C1":I0,2682,2754,27:122,26148,26148,27122,27:X97:Y17:"@2=@1"P%490:"@F"*X56:"@F@G@C1@2":I3252:YI:"@%T@D2":JI1:YJ:"@#T@D2":PI,180:DU,2:TN:4YJ:I561602:XI:"@F@G@2@C1@%T@D2";:JI2:XJ:"@#T@D2";:PI,200:DU,2:TN:13:10:"@:@G@F@2@C2V@D1 @C1V@D2@C3":15:17:"=":17:11:"@C2T@D1 @C1T@D2@C3":G70,12091,120:140,120165,120:70,12191,121:140,121165,121490 N:BK28:1:"@F@G@2@C1V@D2 @C2V@D1":5:"@C1T@D2 @C2T@D1@"A 54,2682:A470,255:A4102,255::"@C=>@CTRL-E"BK1:N:1:1:"Experiments show that at constantpressure, the volume of an ideal gasincreases as its temperature increases.":4908:"We say that volume is DIRECTLYproportional to temperature. OrX:A499,152:A475,29:A4107,29}A45,0:NO$NK$:A417,139:A470,142:A4102,126:: "CLEANUP: C,K=NORMAL, ETC."A(24584)256(24585):A467,255:A499,255:A475,255:A4107,255: "C,K=JUDGE KEYS"* A45,152:NO$NJ$:A417,255N(4))VLAN(4)TL(AN(4))WP0:RT4:<ZA%WP1:1550YWP2:ZA%0:ZW%0ZW%1_ kJ1NXVL(W(J)TL(W(J)))VL(W(J)TL(W(J)))WPJ:ZA%0:ZW%1:",WP1:ZA%0:ZW%0ZW%11#A(24584)256(24585):A467,152O"":ZA%ĭVL(AN(2)(TLAN(2)))VL(AN(2)(TLAN(2)))WP0:RT2:dZA%WP1:1550U3$""įO"":ZA%ĭVLAN(3)TL(AN(3))VLAN(3)TL(AN(3))WP0:RT3:ZA%WP1:1550'U4$""įO"":ZA%ĭVLAN(4)TL(A1;" N2= ";N2;" J= ";J;" NC= ";NC;:(B$)0ĺ" B2= ";B2?P:UNTNT1:WP0:RT0tNC1WP3:ZA%0:ZW%1:A"":ZA%WP3:ZA%0:ZW%1:A"":ZA%ĭVL(AN(1)(TLAN(1)))VL(AN(1)(TLAN(1)))WP0:RT1:ZA%WP1:1550O0N2N11460(NCNC1:NC11420CB2101B269:B$(B2)lN1N2:B1B2:A$A$B$:C$C$SP$:131023:1:E40,2:23:1:"C$= /";C$;"/ A$= /";A$;"/ VL=";VL:" NC= ";NC;" J= ";J;" L= ";L:620:1:E40,3:20:1:"P= ";P;" B$= ";B$;" N1= ";N00nB332B3571420/pB10B15714209s1430QxB243B2451420g{N12B1691420~B348B3571430B3461420P1L1420J((ZA$,P2,1)):J48J571430N21:N1N2:B1B2:C$C$B$:1310N22:NC1142C0:VL0:A$"":C$"":L(ZA$):B10:B20:B30MPP1:PLVL(A$):ZA$C$:x(B$(ZA$,P,1):B2(B$):PLB30:1330-B3((ZA$,P1,1))2B248B2571430<B2461380FB301420PB348B3571430Z1420dB269B210114:5000=ZK%27ġ:1700:1008BZK%65ZK%1221100FCZC%ZC%1mDJ(ZA$):J0ĭ(ZA$,J,1)"#"1098FJ1ĭ(ZA$,J1,2)"# "1098HZI$(ZK%):1010JZI$"@@"(ZK%)"@@":1010LA"":ZA%ZC%ZC%1:1000V1700:,P0:N10:N20:N7510025:PI,I:DU,40:TN::VX(224)256(225):X1X81:Y(226)6:Y1Y81:RT0:NT0:A0:X(0):U1$"":U2$"":U3$"":U4$"":R:X1:Y1:1800:ZL%25:SS0X1:Y1:I$ZK%1SS1:1110.ZK%2ġ:1700:2008ZK%17::1700:8:"@F@4@C1One momentplease...":(13);(4)"RUN ROUTER"A ,#K A1:G:24:1:E40:4:24:"Press @x2@c6RETURN@ to continue.":505 A0 P:ZK%27ġ:100 ZK%2ġ:200 A1Ģ24:1:E40  XI55455:PI,I:DU,20:TN::bI1Y8024(I1):YY:X16:"*";$ q> s1:B0,5,278,155,6:Gn u24:3:"Press ESC to return to this index. xP:AZK%48:ZK%5Ģ24:1:E10:24:1:" ";E;"/";L:120 }A1A2120 A2000,220 BK100,2000,2060,2200,3080,3200: N:1700:5s,k,kelvin>":DK$(2)""F ZN:7:0:0:1700O b100x cN:L(218)(219)256:E(222):100 dN:4:4:"@3@FCharles's Law@":6:1700 n11:"1 @F@G@C1@X2SAMPLE PROBLEMS@2 Return to MAIN INDEX@S@0" pI12:LD%(I)pe,doesn't,won't,wouldn't,don't>"n MNX$"" PDC$(1)"":DC$(2)""0 UDK$(1)"<5NO@"s AL$"":ML$"" FY$""! KN$"":600:ZA%3540l* 1:24:ZC%1ĺ"It is proportional to Kelvin degrees."* ZC%1ĺ"TYPE: K"* ZK%3530* 550:3535* 1:24:"That is correct. Press RETURN.":300+N:BK9:4:2:"@4@F@c1CHARLES' LAW@":e zero.":23:E40:0:3485:3m) 7:3:"-273#C":5:33,6033,9530,9336,9333,95:29,9237,92:3:290:280) 19:1:E40,3:"Is the volume of a gas proportional tothe temperature in Celsius or Kelvindegrees? Answer C or K ";:R:ZL%1:ZF$"@H"1*90;( 35,14435,11031,11539,11535,110:33,11437,114:O( MX270:MN275t( 14:23:500:220:600:ZA%3500( 1:24:"No, try: -273":ZK%3492( 550:3495) 19:1:E40,3:"Right, both temperature and pressure of a gas are zero at absolut the line through your datato the point where the volume is zero.":300' X140325:Y.4259X113.63:X,Y:P1,Y90:P2,10:770::300( 280:19:1:E40,3:"What is the temperature, in #C, wherethe volume of the gas becomes zero?":5:3485:3:34-100";:X138:"0";:X170:"100";:X210:"200";:X250:"300y&u 3:14:"V, cc":135,50145,50:135,0145,0:X126:Y47:"5&z Y122:X90:"Temperature, #C":1:19:"Here is a graph of your temperature -volume data.":290H' 19:1:E40,3:"Let's extendo!":300o%H N:BK8:2:140,0140,100:20,100260,100:I202608:I,100I,104::I010010:138,I142,I::3%R I2026040:I,100I,107:%f I1NX:11140ST(I).4,10010SV(I)::5:140,54260,4:3:&p Y110:YY:X2:"-300";:X42:"-200";:X81:"our experimentaldata. Notice that the computer hasconverted your heights into volumes.":290% 1:VT2:E40,4:VT2:"As the temperature goes down thevolume decreases.":300:1:VT2:E40,3:"Let's see how cold we must go to reducethe volume to zer# B1N1:F0:3# C1NB:SV(C1)SV(C)3270{# TSV(C):SV(C)SV(C1):SV(C1)T:TST(C):ST(C)ST(C1):ST(C1)T:F1# # F03300# # I1NX:VT32I:VT:12(ST(I)100):ST(I):VT:23:SV(I).1:_$ VT2:1:"Here is a summary of yPRESS:@";:12:"1 to do more experiments2 to go on":22:16:E24b"b 300:AZK%48:A1A23170s"l A3190,3200"v 18:1:E40,5:2400" N:BK7:1:6:"Summary of Your Experiments@0":3:10:"T, #C V, cc"" 5:1,11278,11:3" NNXsure the volume atabout 25#C.":3150e! T20Ģ19:"Right, try an experiment atabout 15O#C.":3150! T30Ģ19:"Now measure the volume atabout 250#C.":3150!& NX83200!0 3160!N 22:1:E35,2:290:19:1:E40,3:280:2400B"X 18:1:"@x2@c610VL):SV(NX)A10" T99T118 T99T199T21H T199T31 NX8(T10T20T30)Ģ18:1:E35,5:"You should have collected data atabout 25, 150, AND 250#C.Let's try the experiment again.":290:280:RP1:2250%! T10Ģ19:"Right, meaRK 15:22:MXH.2:MNH.2:TA1:500:220:ZA%įA""^ 600:ZA%3030 1:24:ZC%1ĺ"Read the scale at the bottom of the Hg." ZC%1ĺ"Try: "((10H))10 ZK%3010 550:3015 18:1:E40,4:NXNX1:ST(NX)T:A(T1TT(T300):10X,Y:Y9040(T273)298:10X,YH TTPDT0:2450k SS.6T200:P1,SS:P2,8:770 TPT:5:7:E4:T:2450 20:2:E35,4:18:1:"The temperature is "T" #C. What isthe height of the column of gas in mm?":H5(T273)298:RETURN to record data":TP01 DT1Ĕ9121,126W K:ZK%13Ē0:9121,126:3:3000g ZK%27200 ZK%67ZK%99Ē0:9121,126:3:DT1:TP0 DT1TT(T20):10X,Y:Y9040(T273)298:10X,Y ZK%72ZK%104Ĕ9121,126:DT1:TP03 DQ 1:16:"Let's measure the height of the columnof gas at temperatures ranging from 25 to 300#C. You can do 8 experiments.":E40,2:300:280V 16:1:E40,4:T25:T10:T20:T30:NX0:DT0:TP0` 20:2:"@x2@c1PRESS:@";:13:"H to heatC to coolRGB 15:20:MX5.2:MN4.8:500:220:1:ZA%įA""ZD 600:ZA%2380G 1:22:ZC%1ĺ"Read the level at the bottom of themercury."H ZC%1ĺ"Try: 5"I ZK%2370J 550:2375L 22:1:"That is correct.":290:16:1:E37,8in the tube."a. 2:87,090,390,9793,100182,100186,97186,3188,0:90,5185,5:3:RP12360o3 290:2808 16:1:E40,4:5:4:"T, #C":5:7:"25":RP12385= 16:1:"The temperature is 25#C. What is theheight of the column of gas in mm?":0:2315` 21:1:"Right. So we will measure the distanceto the bottom of the mercury.":290 0:2290:3:15:1:E40,3:19:E40,5:280 $ 16:1:"Here is a container filled with a high boiling liquid so we can control thetemperature of the gas 124,90:119,50119,90:115,55119,51123,55115,55:115,86119,89123,86115,86tX149:Y1104:X2105:Y280:450: 15:19:500:A"":600:ZA%2320 1:21:"Since the volume is the area times theheight the answer is: YES":ZK%2310 55.";I10908:140,I144,I::I109040:140,I147,I:xX154:Y87:"0":Y47:"5":Y6:"10":10:"mm":RP12350290:280:15:5:E31,3:1:"Is the volume of the gas proportionalto this distance?":5:2290:G:2310O112,50124,50:112,90temperatures we can seehow the volume of a gas changes withtemperature at constant pressure.":290:RP0N:BK6:2:130,0130,87133,90136,86136,0:3:X131:Y50:10X,YRP0Ģ15:5:"Let's attach a scale so we canmeasure the volume of the gasC%1ĺ"Try: no."ZK%2170-550:2175u20:2:"Right! The pressure is constantin this experiment.":290N:BK5:2:130,0130,87133,90136,86136,0:3:X131:Y50:10X,Y:1:15i"By measuring the volume of the trappedgas at various this system, does the PRESSUREchange when the temperature ischanged?":R:280{z15:18:500:A"":600:ZA%21801:21:ZC%1ĺ"The tube is open so the pressure isatmospheric plus the mercury whichdoes not change in the experiment.ZZC%1ĺ"The mercury moved up so the volumemust have increased.McZK%2140\d550:2145f21:1:"@$Right, the volume increases when the tube is heated.":290kN:BK4:2:130,0130,87133,90136,86136,0:3:X131:Y50:10X,YPp14:2:"Ins heated did thevolume of the trapped gas increaseor decrease?":R:280\19:16:500:A"":600:ZA%2150a21:1:ZC%1ĺ"You saw the mercury move up.?b50:2095p415:1:E40,4:4:"The drop of mercury will moveup and down as the temperaturechanges.":E40:290>15:4:E35,4:6:"Next let's heat the tube.":300HIYY201:10X,I:10X,I1:J160:::15:6:E30IR15:1:"When the tube waurymove up or down?":280q*14:19:500:A"":600:ZA%2100/1:21:ZC%1ĺ"When the gas cools the volume of thegas decreases.0ZC%1ĺ"The mercury moves down. Type: down.1ZK%209025ass tubewhich is sealed at the bottom.":290:15:1:E40,3:"We will trap some gas in the bottom of the tube with a drop of mercury.Y65:10X,Y:X171:Y1104:X2122:Y268:450:300:0:450:3 15:1:E40,3:2:"If we cool the tube will the mercisheated."We will learn how to predict how muchthe volume of a gas will change fora given change in temperature if thepressure is kept constant.":290N:BK3:2:130,0130,87133,90136,86136,0:3 15:1:"Let's start with a narrow glZK%555 0ZK%2ġ:350- :ZK%27ġ:2003 DI XM:ZK%0:ZA%610O ]u bI55455:P1,I:P2,20:770:: gI7510025:P1,I:P2,30:770:: N:BK2:X131:4:"In this experiment we will measure the change in the volume of a gas as it X1)):A21.571A1:A8:B4:X2X1X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1):470a X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1) X1,Y1X2,Y2X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)1X2,Y2: ZL%20:I:ZK%2ġ350 ZK%27ġ:200 A"":ZA%500  &615 +T:DM1 :ZA$C$:VL(A$)7 VLMXVLMNZA%1:ZW%0= O 24:1:E40: "24:4:"Press @x2@c6RETURN@ to continue.":1 ,P:ZK%27ġ:200 6ZK%2ġ:350 @ ^1:BK200,100,2000,2050,2155,2185,2250,3200,3400,3600A A1((Y2Y1)(X2continue.":300:2000L N:6:8:"@2@FReturning to theCharles Law INDEX"i (13);(4);"RUN ROUTER" A$"":C$"":SF0:DM0:I1(ZA$):B$(ZA$,I,1):(B$)45(B$)58A$A$B$:C$C$" ":SFSF(DM1) (B$)57(B$)46C$C$B$ (B$)46'T>":Y$""y <U$"" dN:BK1:6:4:"@2@FVolume-Temperature@":10:11:"@2@FExperiment@":1:B0,20,270,105,8:G n20:5:"Press @x2@c1RETURN@ to # VT EXPERIMENT 1/84? :COPYRIGHT 1983 SMITH CHABAYJ36800T200g ST(10),SV(10)yP1768:P2769(OK$"@x2@c1OK@":NO$"@x2@c5NO@":XN$""M 2N$"AN%(0)1:AN%(1)1:AN%(2)1:AN%(3)0:AN%(4)0:AN%(5)0HW1%(0)1:W1%(1)1:W1%(2)1:W1%(3)0:W1%(4)0:W1%(5)0:W2%(0)1:W2%(1)1:W2%(2)1:W2%(3)0:W2%(4)0:W2%(5)0:3000Sf3:1:"A sample of gas oN%(0)1:AN%(1)1:AN%(2)1:AN%(3)0:AN%(4)0:AN%(5)0*W1%(0)1:W1%(1)1:W1%(2)1:W1%(3)0:W1%(4)0:W1%(5)0:W2%(0)1:W2%(1)1:W2%(2)1:W2%(3)0:W2%(4)0:W2%(5)0:3000.43:1:"";V1;" L of a gas at ";T1273;"#C is ";G$;" to";T2273;"#C at consta0:AN%(4)0:AN%(5)0 W1%(0)1:W1%(1)1:W1%(2)1:W1%(3)0:W1%(4)0:W1%(5)0:W2%(0)1:W2%(1)1:W2%(2)1:W2%(3)0:W2%(4)0:W2%(5)0:30003:1:"A sample of gas occupies ";V1;" L at ";T1;"#K.At what temperature would its volumebe ";V2;" L?"5 AG$"warmed"`V2V1F:T2T1F:V2((.5V210))10:T2((.5T210))10:PT2040,2070,2100,21503:1:V1;" L of a gas at ";T1;"#K is ";G$;" to";T2;"#K at constant pressure. Whatis the final volume of the gas?AN%(0)1:AN%(1)1:AN%(2)1:AN%(3) moreRETURN to go on.":500:100\TG4:NPTG:OK0:BK4:7020:I14:PT%(I)I::PC0:IX0NX2:PCPC1:PT((1)NP)1:PTPT%(PT)T1233((1)140):V110((1)51):X((1)2):F((1)5)1:X0F1FN:680:F1F2 G$"cooled":F11:3:"Try moving the cursor and enteringquantities in the numerator anddenominator. Press RETURN whenyou are done..7020:PT3:V110:V25:T1400:T2200:IX1:3000!8LD%(1)1:BK3:X0:Y144:E40:1:14:"@x2@c6PRESS@";:10:"CTRL-B to experimentR@Rto enter quantity in numerator@R@Rto enter quantity in denominator@R@Rto erase and start over@R@Rwhen equation is complete. 2:0,92279,92:0,106279,106:0,122279,122:0,138279,138:0,154279,154:0,170279,170:46,9246,170:3:490x$BK2:N::X(0) BK1:N:4:"In these problems you must set up anequation for the computer to solve. Acursor will let you select a quantityand enter it in the equation. Press: 13:1:"J K@R@RN@R@RD@R@RE@R@RRETURN"~ 13:X50:"to move the cursor@ to continue.":505 A01 P:ZK%27ġ:100C ZK%2ġ:200X A1Ģ24:1:E40^  XI55455:PI,I:DU,20:TN:: bRT0āI7510025:PI,I:DU,40:TN:: X(224)256(225):Y6(226):X1X81: A(0):RT0:NT0: H2:CV24:YY:"* q+ s1:B0,20,278,160,6:G; xP:AZK%48L }A1A3120a A1000,2000,220{ BK100,1000,1060,100 N:8:2:"@F@C3@2Returning tothe main index..."(13);(4);"RUN ROUTER" 24:6:E30: A1:24:4:"Press @x2@c6RETURN@100) cE(222):L(218)256(219):100Q dN:3:6:4:"@F@3Charles's Law":G n11:6:"1 Instructions2 @F@G@C1@X2SETUP PROBLEMS@3 Return to MAIN INDEX@0":23:4:"Press ESC to return to this index@0@S pY80:I12:LD%(I)1Ė3:YY(I1)$""(C) COPYRIGHT CHABAY 1983"A :"VT PROBLEMS 1 12/31/83"R36800:1:0[992PI768:DU769:TN770:SP$(32):TL.02:LA$"@$ ":NC0:DC0:NC%(6),DC%(6),N%(6),PT%(4),LD%(2),AN%(5),W1%(5),W2%(5),W3%(5) FOK$"@x2@c1OK@":NO$"@x2@c5NO@":                ,Y1:KJX30:XKJ:KKY14:YKK:"P@D1V@D1":KJX36:XKJ:KKY2:YKK:"V@D2":0XX8:XX:KKY6:YKK:"V@D2 =":X28,Y1X58,Y1:KJX30:XKJ:KKY14:YKK:"P@D1V@D1":KJX36:XKJ:KKY2:YKK:"P@D2":Y6:YKK:"P@D2 =":X28,Y1X58,Y1:KJX30:;" to go":l/lX70:KKY14:YKK:"V@D2":X70:KJY1:YKJ:"V@D1":X168:YKK:"V@D1":X168:YKJ:"V@D2@S":/vX70:KKY14:YKK:"P@D2":X70:KJY1:YKJ:"P@D1":X168:YKK:"P@D1":X168:YKJ:"P@D2@S":M0XX8:XX:KKY6:YKK:"P@D2 =":X28,Y1X58 to atm.":CXCX2:J.1:CX:"You forgot to convert mL to L.":CXCX2:.N:6:3:"You worked ";OK;" out of ";NP;" problems correctly without help.":LD%(2)1:NPOKĢ12:11:"VERY GOOD!".500:100.X /b1:1:E10:OK;" right";:28:E9:TG(0);:650:XX,YYX3,YY:CXCX3:N-CX:HT:"The answer is: ";P2;" atm":~-CX:HT:"The answer is: ";V2;" liters":-PT26660,6650-6480:-PT26660,6650-6510:-PT26660,6650-.1:CX:"You forgot to convert torr;:650:XX,YYX3,YY:CXCX3:,J((ST$(4))(ST$(6))1(ST$(5)))2:HT:"V@D2 = ":650:XXX32:YYY11:CX1:6:ST$(4);"*";ST$(6);:650:CX1:6J:ST$(5):XX4,YYX3,YY!-CX:XXX4:XXX:"*";:650:XXX4:X2X1:CX1:X22:ST$(1):CX1:X2:ST$,YYX3,YY+CXCX3:+J(ST$(4))(ST$(5))1(ST$(6)):JJ2:HT:"P@D2 = ":650:XXX32:YYY11::CX1:6:ST$(4);"*";ST$(5);:650:CX1:6J:ST$(6):XX4,YYX3,YY,CX:XXX4:XXX:"*";:650:XXX4:X2X1:CX1:X22:ST$(3):CX1:X2:ST$(2)HT:"P@D2 = ":650:XXX32:YYY11:CX1:6:ST$(4);"*";ST$(5);:650:CX1:6J:ST$(6):XX4,YYX3,YYu*CXCX3: +J(ST$(4))(ST$(6))1(ST$(5)):JJ2:HT:"V@D2 = ":650:XXX32:YYY11:CX1:6:ST$(4);"*";ST$(6);:650:CX1:6J:ST$(5):XX44:NT1ĢCX:HT::650:PT7040,7050,7040,70506)d)nCX:HT:"Your equation was upside down!":CXCX2:NT1ĢCX:HT::650:PT7040,7050,7040,7050)x)CXCX1:CX:HT:PT6540,6560,6580,6600)g*J(ST$(4))(ST$(5))1(ST$(6)):JJ2:0,6470,6460,6470O(<CX:HT:"Give pressure in atm or torr.":CXCX2:NTNT1:(FCX:HT:"Give volume in L or mL.":CXCX2:NTNT1:(PCX:HT::650:" You used instead of !":70,Y284,Y2:168,Y2188,Y2:PT7020,7030,7020,70300)ZCXCX6530:6415H'CXCV:WP46440,6450,6530,6530,6480,6510,6640,6630,6635X'WP16415h' NT1İ6530'NT1ĴPT6620,6625,6620,6625'T:ZK%6420'1:CV:E38,11:6330'(CX:HT:"Type one number and one unit.":CXCX2:NTNT1:(2PT646P279,YP:37&X12:Y110:1000:HT1:CV12:ZK%16378Z&1300:CC1Ė1:15:E40,8:CC0m&1500:M:ZK%0&WP0İ610:6400&600:RT1:LR0:NT1OKOK1:TGTG1:LR1&7010:500:TG06900&6020&CC1Ė1:15:E40,8:CC0 'CXCV:P1760P2:W(4)W(1)760:W(5)W(2)760:YP55?%tU1$LI$:U2$ML$Z%~AN(1)V2:AN(2)V21000%ST$(4)"("(P1760)" torr)":ST$(5)"("(P2)" atm)":ST$(6)"("(V1)" L)"%6310%X(0):RT0:NT0:24:5:"Press CTRL-Q for a calculator." &2:0,Y" atm)":ST$(5)"("(V11000)" mL)":ST$(6)"("(V2)" L)"F$V6310$`3:"A gas fills a ";V1" L balloon at ";P1760;"torr. If its pressure changes to ";P2;"atm, what will the balloon's volume be?":R+%jNX5:W(1)V1P2P1:W(2)P2(V1P1):W(3)V1e of ";V2;" L. Its originalvolume was ";V11000;" mL at ";P1;" atm.Find its new pressure.":R#.NX5:W(1)P1V2V1:W(2)V2(P1V1):W(3)P1V11000V2:W(4)W(1)1000:W(5)W(2)1000:YP64#8U1$AM$:U2$TR$#BAN(1)P2:AN(2)P2760<$LST$(4)"("(P1)2:W(1)V1P2P1:W(2)P2(V1P1):YP559"U1$LI$:U2$ML$T"AN(1)V2:AN(2)V21000"ST$(4)"("(P1)" atm)":ST$(5)"("(P2)" atm)":ST$(6)"("(V1)" L)""6310"$V1V1100:V2V2100_#)3:3:"";GS$(GG);" in a piston is ";G$(FF);"to a volum!AN(1)P2:AN(2)P2760c!ST$(4)"("(P1)" atm)":ST$(5)"("(V1)" L)":ST$(6)"("(V2)" L)"m!6310!3:2:""GS$(GG);" at ";P1;" atm in a ";V1;" L flask ispumped into a new container at apressure of ";P2;" atm. Find its volume.":R%"NX1:F1FF2% GG((1)3)1:A(0)D 1:PT6060,6120,6180,6240 3:3:"A gas at ";P1;" atm in a ";V1;" L bulb is";G$(FF);" to fill a ";V2;" L bulb. What is its new pressure?":R NX2:W(1)P1V2V1:W(2)V2(P1V1):YP55 U1$AM$:U2$TR$)":ST$(3)"(1 L)"$PT((1)4)1INPNP1:LR0PTPT1:PT4PT1P1.1(((1)10)1):V110(((1)5)1):X((1)2):F((1)5)1:X0F1FCC0:N:"@$":F1F2 P2P1F:V2P1V1P2:V2((.5V2100))100:P2((.5P21000))1000:FFED FUNCTION":5814" ";Y'5030` BK1:CA0:1:12:E40,4:16:E1:19:E1:22:E1:9924:"CTRL-Q :calculator &k:#K &c:#C":A(0):6330pTG4:OK0:BK1:NP0:LR1:LA$"@$ "zST$(0)"(760 torr)":ST$(1)"(1 atm)":ST$(2)"(1000 mL:50305912:Y(222):Y11:3:"CANNOT EVALUATE";UY69ĺ" - TOO LARGE":5814xY16ĺ" - SYNTAX ERROR":5814Y133ĺ" - DIVISION BY ZERO":5814Y191ĺ" - TOO COMPLEX":5814Y107ĺ" - BAD SUBSCRIPT":5814Y224ĺ" - UNDEFINEX$L$:L$"*":L(L$):5300& 53006PL425300iZL142EX$(EX$,(EX$)1):L94:L$(94):5300}L1L:EX$EX$L$PP1:PLT55005070|::794:EX0J1(((((EX))2.3))3):EX((EX10J.5)):EXEX10JY11:3:"= ";EXL120L88L42:L$"*"[L62L94L69ĢY11:3:"USE NUMBERS AND ()e+*-/ ONLY":5030iP15300yL405100L141EX$EX$"*":5300L147L158EX$EX$"*":5300L415300PLT5300L2((A$,P1,C)):L247L258EX$83X1,Y1:3TB132TBTB3:TB23TB16DTB:1:E40,2tR:Y1TB:X11:Y1:X1:I:ZK%2A2:R:200ZK%27100ZA$""5040A$ZA$:EX$"":C1:P1:LT(A$)L$(A$,P,C):L(L$):L101L69:L$(L):5080L695080 use parentheses.)"*LD%(1)1:490:1006 CALCPBK2:CA1:CC1:5800X1:Y1:E40:24:1:E35:13:X5:"Type a numerical expression and press RETURN. Press CTRL-B when finished. "6:X1:Y94:X1,Y1X397,Y1X397,Y283X1,Y2 to evaluate expressionssuch as (33.4*.5/1.5). Press CTRL-Qfor the calculator, and CTRL-B toreturn to the problem.":490N:6:"NOTE: Multiplication and division aredone from left to right, e.g.: 1/10*10 = 1 (not .01!) (When in doubt,A470,255:A4102,255::"@C=>@CTRL-E"4BK1:N3:"Temperature is constant in theseproblems.":490:7:"You must answer each problem with anumber and unit; for example '14 L'.":490{N:6:"While working a problem, you can use acalculatorA499,152:A475,29:A4107,29{A45,0:NO$NK$:A417,139:A470,142:A4102,126:: "CLEANUP: C,K=NORMAL, ETC."A(24584)256(24585):A467,255:A499,255:A475,255:A4107,255: "C,K=JUDGE KEYS"( A45,152:NO$NJ$:A417,255:z"#   Ϡ  ԠŠӠ2ԠӠ)Ԯ֠ ӠӠĠŠϠԤ ͠Š֠Ԡ1֠ŠӠ"֠Ӡ%֠Ӡ*ԠӠ& ԠԠ%Ԥ!! à#٠ŠŠԠҠ ήǮЮԠԠ,4))VLAN(4)TL(AN(4))WP0:RT4::ZA%WP1:1550WWP2:ZA%0:ZW%0ZW%1] iJ1NXVL(W(J)TL(W(J)))VL(W(J)TL(W(J)))WPJ:ZA%0:ZW%1:",WP1:ZA%0:ZW%0ZW%11!A(24584)256(24585):A467,152:O"":ZA%ĭVL(AN(2)(TLAN(2)))VL(AN(2)(TLAN(2)))WP0:RT2:bZA%WP1:1550U3$""įO"":ZA%ĭVLAN(3)TL(AN(3))VLAN(3)TL(AN(3))WP0:RT3:ZA%WP1:1550%U4$""įO"":ZA%ĭVLAN(4)TL(AN(2101B269:B$(B2)=N1N2:B1B2:A$A$B$:C$C$SP$:1310SNTNT1:WP0:RT0rNC1WP3:ZA%0:ZW%1:A"":ZA%WP3:ZA%0:ZW%1:A"":ZA%ĭVL(AN(1)(TLAN(1)))VL(AN(1)(TLAN(1)))WP0:RT1:ZA%WP1:1550M s1430"xB243B24514208{N12B1691420P~B348B3571430aB3461420rP1L1420J((ZA$,P2,1)):J48J571430N21:N1N2:B1B2:C$C$B$:1310N22:NC11420N2N11460NCNC1:NC11420BPP1:PLVL(A$):ZA$C$:I(B$(ZA$,P,1):B2(B$):PLB30:1330`-B3((ZA$,P1,1))x2B248B2571430<B2461380FB301420PB348B3571430Z1420dB269B21011400nB332B3571420pB10B15714201221100CZC%ZC%1>DJ(ZA$):J0ĭ(ZA$,J,1)"#"1098_FJ1ĭ(ZA$,J1,2)"# "1098tHZI$(ZK%):1010JZI$"@@"(ZK%)"@@":1010LA"":ZA%ZC%ZC%1:1000V1700:P0:N10:N20:NC0:VL0:A$"":C$"":L(ZA$):B10:B20:B306(225):X1X81:Y(226)6:Y1Y81:aRT0:NT0:A0:X(0):U1$"":U2$"":U3$"":U4$"":R:X1:Y1:1800:ZL%25:SS0X1:Y1:I$ZK%1SS1:1110.ZK%2ġ:1700:2008ZK%17::1700:5000=ZK%27ġ:1700:100 BZK%65ZK%;(4);"RUN ROUTER"ZA1:G:24:1:E40:4:24:"Press @x2@c6RETURN@ to continue.":505bA0xP:ZK%27ġ:100ZK%2ġ:200A1Ģ24:1:E40XI55455:PI,I:DU,20:TN::bI7510025:PI,I:DU,40:TN::'X(224)25D%(I)1Y8024(I1):YY:X16:"*";* qD s6:B0,5,278,155,6:Gy u24:3:"Press ESC to return to this index.@S@0" xP:AZK%48 }A1A3120 A4000,6000,220 BK100,5900,100N:3:8:"@F@4@c1One momentplease...":G:1700:(13),kelvin>":DK$(2)""C ZN:7:0:0:1700L b100u cN:L(218)(219)256:E(222):100 dN:4:6:"@3@FBoyle's Law":G:6:1700 o11:"1 Instructions2 @F@C6@G@X2PROBLEMS@3 Return to MAIN INDEX@S@0"$ pI12:Ldoesn't,won't,wouldn't,don't>"k MNX$"" PDC$(1)"":DC$(2)""- UDK$(1)""p ALI$"":ML$"" FY$"" KN$"AM$"":TR$" ST$(3)"(1atm/760torr)":ST$(4)"(1 L/10X6:"1atm/760torr";:14:"1 L/1000 mL";:26:"#C + 273":PT3030,3040,3035,3045 21:2:" ";P1;" atm";:15:" ";V1;" L";:28:" ";V2;" L":3050 21:2:" ";P1;" atm";:15:V11000;" mL";:28:" ";V2;" L":3050( 21:2:" ";P1;" atm";:15:2%(0)1:W2%(1)1:W2%(2)1:W2%(3)1:W2%(4)0:W2%(5)0:W3%(0)1:W3%(1)1:W3%(2)1:W3%(3)0:W3%(4)0:W3%(5)0:NX3:3000 7100:5:4914,7620314,76:3 1:3,1713,155277,155277,1873,1873,171277,171:95,18795,155:185,187185,155:3P 23:0f3:1:" A gas occupies a volume of ";V1;" L at a pressure of ";P1;" atm. What would its volume be at ";P2760;" torr pressure?pAN%(0)1:AN%(1)1:AN%(2)1:AN%(3)1:AN%(4)0:AN%(5)0xzW1%(0)1:W1%(1)1:W1%(2)1:W1%(3)1:W1%(4)0:W1%(5)0:Wme be ";V2;" L?J>AN%(0)1:AN%(1)1:AN%(2)1:AN%(3)0:AN%(4)1:AN%(5)0HW1%(0)1:W1%(1)1:W1%(2)1:W1%(3)0:W1%(4)1:W1%(5)0:W2%(0)1:W2%(1)1:W2%(2)1:W2%(3)0:W2%(4)1:W2%(5)0:W3%(0)1:W3%(1)1:W3%(2)1:W3%(3)0:W3%(4)0:W3%(5)0:NX3:300W1%(0)1:W1%(1)1:W1%(2)1:W1%(3)0:W1%(4)0:W1%(5)0:W2%(0)1:W2%(1)1:W2%(2)1:W2%(3)0:W2%(4)0:W2%(5)0:30004V1V1100:V2V2100:3:1:" A gas occupies a volume of ";V11000;" mL at a pressure of ";P1;" atm. At what pressure would its volu0:W2%(0)1:W2%(1)1:W2%(2)1:W2%(3)0:W2%(4)0:W2%(5)0:30003:1:" A gas occupies a volume of ";V1;" L at a pressure of ";P1;" atm. What would its volume be at ";P2;" atm pressure? AN%(0)1:AN%(1)1:AN%(2)1:AN%(3)0:AN%(4)0:AN%(5)0u*70,2100,21503:1:" A gas occupies a volume of ";V1;" L at a pressure of ";P1;" atm. At what pressure would its volume be ";V2;" L?AN%(0)1:AN%(1)1:AN%(2)1:AN%(3)0:AN%(4)0:AN%(5)0@ W1%(0)1:W1%(1)1:W1%(2)1:W1%(3)0:W1%(4)0:W1%(5)4:7020:I14:PT%(I)I::PC0:IX0NX2:PCPC1:PT((1)NP)1:PTPT%(PT):P1.5(((1)10)1):V110(((1)5)1):X((1)5):F((1)5)1:X0F1FN:680:F1F2 P2P1F:V2P1V1P2:V2((.5V210))10:P2((.5P2100))100:PT2040,20ities in the numerator anddenominator. Press RETURN whenyou are done.x.7020:PT3:P11:P22:V1.4:V2.2:IX1:30008LD%(1)1:BK3:X0:Y144:E40:1:14:"Press CTRL-B to experiment more; RETURN to go on.":500:100#TG4:NPTG:OK0:BKantity in denominator@R@Rto erase and start over@R@Rwhen equation is complete. 2:0,92279,92:0,106279,106:0,122279,122:0,138279,138:0,154279,154:0,170279,170:46,9246,170:3:490H$BK2:N:1:3:"Try moving the cursor and enteringquantmust set up anequation for the computer to solve. Acursor will let you select a quantityand enter it in the equation. Press: 13:1:"J K@R@RN@R@RD@R@RE@R@RRETURNN 13:X50:"to move the cursor@R@Rto enter quantity in numerator@R@Rto enter qu00 ZK%2ġ:200) A1Ģ24:1:E40/ T XI55455:PI,I:DU,20:TN:: bRT0āI7510025:PI,I:DU,40:TN:: X(224)256(225):Y6(226):X1X81: A(0):RT0:NT0: H2:CV:X(0) BK1:N:4:"In these problems you  xP:AZK%48 }A1A31205 A1000,2000,220O BK100,1000,1060,100 N:10:5:"Returning to the main index...":(13);(4);" RUN ROUTER" 24:6:E30: A1:24:6:"Press @x2@c6RETURN@ to continue.":505 A0 P:ZK%27ġ:1):100( dN:4:7:"@3@FBoyle's Law@" n11:6:"1 Instructions2 @C6@X2@F@GSETUP PROBLEMS@3 Return to MAIN INDEX":23:4:"Press ESC to return to this index@0@S pY80:"":I12:LD%(I)1Ė4:YY(I1)24:YY:"* s:6:B0,5,278,155,6:G#""COPYRIGHT (C) CHABAY 1983"@ "PV PROBLEMS 1 12/31/83"Q36800:1:0Z992PI768:DU769:TN770:SP$(32):TL.02:LA$"@$ ":NC0:DC0:NC%(6),DC%(6),N%(6),PT%(4),LD%(2),AN%(5),W1%(5),W2%(5),W3%(5)F100 cE(222):L(218)256(219          19:1:E40:"Now 'liters' also cancel, leaving 'atm'.":500:5:128,104135,112:245,120252,128:3:3300(500:19:1:E40:19:4:"= 0.33 atm":3310($BK6:23:5:"Press CTRL-B to repeat RETURN to go on":LD%(1)1:500(.100(8)tied by 1.":500:3300~' 5:70,10498,112:175,120203,128:3:500:19:1:E40,5:19:1:"Now we must convert liters to mL."'500:27:14:"(1000 mL)":30:16:"(1 L)":2:217,116266,116:3:'500:3300:5:252,104266,112:98,120112,128:3j(16:3D& 19:1:"Ooops! The units are 'torr-L/mL'instead of atm.& 500:1:19:E40,3:"First we must convert torr to atm.":500:20:14:"(1 atm)":19:16:"(760 torr)":2:147,116211,116:3' 21:1:"Since 1 atm = 760 torr, we have justmultipl atm."D% 490:1:10:"P@D1V@D1 = P@D2V@D2 (Boyle's law)"a% 500:1:10:E30,2:3310% 1:10:"P@D2 = ":6:9:"P@D1V@D1":6:11:" V@D2":1:40,7672,76:3& 500:4:15:"=":6:14:"(760 torr)(2 L)":8:16:"(6000 mL)":1:42,116141,1RETURN to continue":BK5:500:3500E$ I12:PI,200:DU,30:TN::l$ I1507525:PI,I:DU,30:TN::x$ N:BK5% "An ideal gas occupying a 2 L flask at760 torr is allowed to expand to avolume of 6000 mL. Let's calculate itsfinal pressure inng these values:"t# 500:11:15:"V@D2 = ":16:14:"(1 atm)(20 L)":16:16:" (2 atm)":1:119,115210,115:3#& 500:5:136,104161,110:159,120184,126:3:3300#$0 500:12:18:"V@D2 = 10 L ":3310:1:22:"Press CTRL-B to repeat this 0:1:11:":"<" 500:5:40,4958,57:63,4077,48:3:3300b" 500:1:5:E30,5:6:11:"V@D2 =" X119:Y30:"P@D1V@D1":X119:Y48:" P@D2":1:119,44151,44:3:3310# 500:10:1:"In our problem, P@D1 = 1 atm, V@D1 = 20 L,and P@D2 = 2 atm. Usi5:1:"To solve for V@D2 we must multiply bothsides of the equation by 1/P@D2"f! 500:1:5:E40,4! 6:9:"P@D2V@D2 = P@D1V@D1":5:6:"1 1":7:6:"P@D2 P@D2":1:36,4452,44:150,44166,44:3 " 1:11:E2V is inversely proportionalto P, so V decreases if P increases.":2800P 610| 1:21:"P increases, so V is smaller." ZK%2710 T:ZK%2770 2755 500 BK4:N1:"Boyle's law states that:":3:9:"P@D2V@D2 = P@D1V@D1"P! 490:@D2 be larger or smaller than V@D1?":680/ = 1:19:IX A"":ZA%ZK%13ī2715 A"" M:ZK%0G ZA%İ600:1:21:"Right. re has units of atm or torr.":J< "Volume has units of liters or mL.":rF "1 atm is the initial pressure.":P "2 atm is the final pressure.":Z "20 L is the initial volume.":d "1 atm.":n "2 atm.":x "20 L.":) 1:17:"Will V(WP4)2600,2610,2660,2660,2640,2650.) 2370_. 1:12:(WP4)2600,2620,2680,2680,2630,2640i3 23708 1:14:(WP4)2600,2610,2670,2670,2630,2650= 2370B ZK%2300L T:ZK%2380V 2330( "Type a number and its unit.":2 "Pressu680:U1$"":U2$"":AN(1)2:AN(2)1520:W(1)1:W(2)20:NX2:X112:Y112:23001000:1300:1500:M:ZK%0 WP0İ600:PT2250,2280,2700 610:ZC%1WP1 PT2340,2350,2360$$ 1:10::Y18:2300/R:10:1:"What is V@D1?":PT2680:U1$"":U2$"":AN(1)20:AN(2)20000:W(1)1:W(2)2:NX2:X112:Y110:2300R:1:12:"What is P@D2?":PT3whose initial volumeis 20 L at 1 atm pressure, and whichis compressed to a pressure of 2 atm."490:680:R:1:8:"What is P@D1?":PT1 U1$"":U2$"":AN(1)1:AN(2)760:W(1)2:W(2)20:NX2:X1122,148176,148176,110:5:2153,105t]5:Y105125:0:2153,Y:5:2153,Y1:PI,250Y:DU,20:TN:3153,Y5::GaX145:Y162:"final":X145:Y176:"P@D2, V@D2"e500BK3:N`1:1:"Let's use Boyle's law to calculate thevolume of a gas = P@D2V@D2"|H7:1:"called Boyle's law, describes thisrelationship for a gas which undergoescompression or expansion."R500:6:52,11052,14876,14876,110:5:253,105:GWX45:Y162:"initial":X45:Y176:"P@D1, V@D1"#\500:6:152,11015YX,Y:I020020:XI,96YXI,100Y::I39932:X4,IYX,IY::3j3:10::"P r e s s u r e":122:15:"Volume"X30,Y2:V849:X4V,96Y(22.4V)32: 5004BK2:N >1:"We found that this equation:":4:11:"P@D1V@D1 M A45,152:NO$NJ$:A417,255:A470,255:A4102,255::"@C=>@CTRL-E"BK1:N:3:"Experiments show that at constanttemperature, the volume of an ideal gasincreases as its pressure decreases."Y64:X35:5GX,Y200X,Y200X,96YX,96A(24584)256(24585):A467,152:A499,152:A475,29:A4107,29A45,0:NO$NK$:A417,139:A470,142:A4102,126:: "CLEANUP: C,K=NORMAL, ETC."A(24584)256(24585):A467,255:A499,255:A475,255:A4107,255: "C,K=JUDGE KEYS"įO"":ZA%ĭVLAN(4)TL(AN(4))VLAN(4)TL(AN(4))WP0:RT4:_ZA%WP1:1550|WP2:ZA%0:ZW%0ZW%1 J1NXVL(W(J)TL(W(J)))VL(W(J)TL(W(J)))WPJ:ZA%0:ZW%1:",WP1:ZA%0:ZW%0ZW%11FWP0:RT1: ZA%WP1:1550rO"":ZA%ĭVL(AN(2)(TLAN(2)))VL(AN(2)(TLAN(2)))WP0:RT2:ZA%WP1:1550U3$""įO"":ZA%ĭVLAN(3)TL(AN(3))VLAN(3)TL(AN(3))WP0:RT3:ZA%WP1:1550JU4$""N11460NCNC1:NC114209B2101B269:B$(B2)bN1N2:B1B2:A$A$B$:C$C$SP$:1310xNTNT1:WP0:RT0NC1WP3:ZA%0:ZW%1:A"":ZA%WP3:ZA%0:ZW%1: A"":ZA%ĭVL(AN(1)(TLAN(1)))VL(AN(1)(TLAN(1)))32B3571420%pB10B1571420/s1430GxB243B2451420]{N12B1691420u~B348B3571430B3461420P1L1420J((ZA$,P2,1)):J48J571430N21:N1N2:B1B2:C$C$B$:1310N22:NC11420N2$"":C$"":L(ZA$):B10:B20:B30CPP1:PLVL(A$):ZA$C$:n(B$(ZA$,P,1):B2(B$):PLB30:1330-B3((ZA$,P1,1))2B248B2571430<B2461380FB301420PB348B3571430Z1420dB269B21011400nB3ZK%27ġ:1700:100.BZK%65ZK%1221100<CZC%ZC%1cDJ(ZA$):J0ĭ(ZA$,J,1)"#"1098FJ1ĭ(ZA$,J1,2)"# "1098HZI$(ZK%):1010JZI$"@@"(ZK%)"@@":1010LA"":ZA%ZC%ZC%1:1000V1700:"P0:N10:N20:NC0:VL0:A:PI,I:DU,40:TN::LX(224)256(225):X1X81:Y(226)6:Y1Y81:RT0:NT0:A0:X(0):U1$"":U2$"":U3$"":U4$"":R:X1:Y1:1800:ZL%25:SS0X1:Y1:I$ZK%1SS1:1110.ZK%2ġ:1700:2008ZK%17::1700:5000= moment please...":1002:1700:(13);(4);"RUN ROUTER" A1:G:24:1:E40:4:24:"Press @x2@c6RETURN@ to continue.":505 A0 P:ZK%27ġ:100 ZK%2ġ:200 A1Ģ24:1:E40  XI55455:PI,I:DU,20:TN::bI7510025824(I1):YY:X12:"*"; q9 s6:B0,5,278,155,6:Gj u24:3:"Press ESC to return to this index." xP:AZK%48:ZK%5Ģ24:1:E10:24:1:" ";E;"/";L:120 }A1A2120 A2000,220 BK100,2000,2100,2200,3000,35007 N:5:10:"Onek,kelvin>":DK$(2)""D ZN:7:0:0:1700M b100v cN:L(218)(219)256:E(222):100 dN:4:6:"@3@FBoyle's Law@":6:1700 n12:4:"1 @F@X2@C6@GSAMPLE PROBLEMS@2 Return to MAIN INDEX" pI12:LD%(I)1Y8,doesn't,won't,wouldn't,don't>"l MNX$"" PDC$(1)"":DC$(2)"". UDK$(1)"":ML$"" FY$"" KN$"":600:ZA%36905d1:22:ZC%1ĺ"@pIf they were the plot would be astraight line."6eZC75,I79,I::3J46:1:"Pressure atm.":1:9:" 3":5:" 2":9:" 1"4$I04:Y106:ZX11440(I1)(I0):XZX:10I::16:18:"Volume, liters"4.I1NX:1579SV(I)4,99(SP(I)76)32:48109,5:V1049:794V,99(22.4V)32:D5B19:3:" cm of Hg which is within ";B" % ofthe value of "SP(J)" you measured!":2903N:BK8:5:10:"Next we will plot your data ona graph of pressure vs. volume.":2904N:BK9:5:79,3277,3277,9979,9979,3:I020020:79I,9979I,103::I39932::ZW%02 600:ZA%3570S2 1:23:"You need V@D2 here. Type: ";SV(J):ZK%3560b2 550:35642 28:16:SV(J):ASV(K)SP(K)SV(J):A(A):B100(ASP(J))SP(J):B(B):B((10B))10M3 1:18:E40,3:19:"The calculated value of the pressure is"A;"The corresponding volume is: ";SV(K):ZK%3530>1 550:3534{1 24:15:"=":26:14:SP(K);" x ";SV(K):196,116240,1161 18:1:E40,4:"And what number should we use for V@D2?":R1 MXSV(J)1:MNSV(J)12 15:20:500:A(ZA$):AMXAMNZA%1 PD2VD2 PD2 ="P0 18:14:"PD1VD1 VD2":135,116167,116:24:1:E400 R:18:1:"If P@D1 is ";SP(K);" what value should we usefor V@D1? ";0 MXSV(K)1:MNSV(K)10 500:A(ZA$):AMXAMNZA%1:ZW%00 600:ZA%3540/1 1:23:ou also measured the pressure ata volume of ";SV(J);" liters.Let's calculate the pressure at ";SV(J)"liters and compare it with the valueyou measured.":290/ 10:1:E40,5:"Let's rearrange this equation to solvefor PD2."0 12:12:"PD1VD1 =es".m ZK%3430 .n 550:3434W.p 1:24:"Press RETURN to test this equation.":300.z K1NX:J1NX:(SV(K)(SV(J)10))(SV(K)(SV(J)10))3470. :. N:BK7:"You found that V = ";SV(K);" liters when":3:"P = ";SP(K);" cm of Hg."/ 6:"YV@D2 = CONSTANT":300:24:1:E40j-a 16:1:"Is it correct to write:":10:18:"P@D1 x V@D1=P@D2 x V@D2"-f 14:20:500:A"":600:ZA%3440-j 1:23:ZC%1ĺ"Notice both equal the same constant.".l ZC%1ĺ"Both equal the same constant. Try y":290,H N:BK6:"Suppose we have a gas at a pressureP@D1, and a volume, V@D1 . We can write:":10:5:"P@D1 x V@D1 = CONSTANT":290,R 9:1:"If we change the pressure and volumeto P@D2 and V@D2 at constant temperaturethen:"!-\ 10:13:"P@D2 x n the experimentalerror of your measurements the productof P x V is a constant!":290,> N:BK5:4:"We have found by experiment that:":7:10:"PV = constant":1:10:"if we keep the number of moles of gasthe same and the temperature does notchange.ld you expect the product of PxV tobe constant as the volume is changed?":R* 15:22:500:24:1:"Let's have the computer calculate it.":300** 18:1:E40,6:30:3:"PxV":I1NX:32I:27:SP(I)SV(I)::24:1:E40W+4 18:1:"Notice that withiISE,RAISED,RAISES>":600:ZA%3340O) 24:1:ZC%1ĺ"Just look at your data."k) ZC%1ĺ"Try: increase"y) ZK%3320) 550:3330) 18:1:E40,5:2:"Right! As the volume goes down thepressure goes up.":290:18:1:E40,3:24:E40M* 18:"Wou3300 ( K( I1NX:VT32I:VT:10:SV(I):VT:19(SP(I)100):SP(I):( 18:1:"If you decrease the volume does thepressure increase or decrease?"") 16:22:500:A"":590:ZA%30501$ 22:1:ZC%1N0ĺ"Just (P76)2:MXAP3:MNAP3:AP(AP):Rr" 15:20:500:360:A"":590:ZA%3020" 22:1:ZC%1N0ĺ"Just read the top of the mercuryin the left column."" ZC%1N0:"It is "AP" TYPE: ";AP" cm"# 430:ZK%3000."'!| ZC%1N0ĺ"Try: ";AV" liters.":!~ 430:ZK%2930I! 550:2936a! NXNX1:SV(NX)(A)q! A15V11! A15A25V21! A24V31%" 16:1:E40,4:"What is the height of the mercury inthe left arm of the manometer in cm?":NT0:AP118768,200X:769,5:770:S0# ^ 2860] h 16:1:E35,6:16:"What is the volume in liters?":R m AV((175X)3):MXAV1.5:MNAV1.5 r 15:18:500:360:A"":590:ZA%2950!x 1:20:ZC%1N0ĺ"Just read the volume from the scale:XX2:4X,Y:P5107(170X):YT50(P76)4:7XI,YI:YIYT:7XI,YI:YA50(P76)4:7XA,YA:S1@ (Z76Z8)X50ĕ4X,Y:XX2:4X,Y:P5107(170X):YI50(P76)4:7XI,YI:YT50(P76)4:7XA,YA:YAYT:7XA,YA:S1J SB1ıT Z132920 Y S1ĹC at volumesfrom 10 liters to 40 liters.":290:NX0:V10:V20:V30:16:1:E40,4:24:E40" 16:1:"PRESS: @K to move the piston right":18:8:"@J to move the piston left":20:"RETURN to record your data", P:ZZK%_6 (Z82Z21)X146ĕ5X4,Y(175X)):MXAV1.5:MNAV1.5[ 15:20:500:360:A"":590:ZA%2840 1:22:N0ĺ"The scale reads: "AV" liters." 430:ZK%2830 550:2836Z 16:1:E40,6:"Let's measure the pressure exertedby one mole of gas at 25 #So the pressure in the cylinderis 76 + "HRHL" = "76HRHL" cm of Hg.":290 16:1:E40,4:24:E40:1:16:"What is the volume of the gas in liters?(Read the volume from the scale on thepiston)":10:1:"Temperature = 25 #C":R 15:20:AV(.32ure of 76 cm of Hg?":24:1:E40:R 15:22:500:A"":600:ZA%2740 24:1:"The pressure is higher so you must ADD. ":ZK%2730 550:2736L 16:1:E40,4:22:1:E40:16:"Right. difference in height of thetwo columns of mercury is "HR" - "HL" or"HRHL" cm of mercury.":290# 8:1:"Atmospheric pressure = 76 cm Hg":16:1:E40,4:"To get the pressure in the cylindershould we add or subtract "HRHL" from theatmospheric press40:R:MX138:MN132q 20:15:500:360:A"":590:ZA%HRA:2710 1:22:N0ĺ"The right column is at 135 cm. Type: 135" 430:ZK%2700 550:2704b HR(A):20:1:E40:16:E40,4:"Right. TheM,CENTIMETERS,HG,MERCURY,OF>":590:ZA%HLA:2690lz 1:22:N0ĺ"The column is at 100 cm. Type: 100 cm"} 430:ZK%2680~ 550:2682 HL(A):16:1:E40,4:"Right. Now what is the height of themercury in the right column (in cm)?":20:1:EX248:Y27:"50":X243:Y2:"200":X246:Y91:"cm"di 2:I510025:240,I245,I:263,I268,I::3n 300:18:1:E40,4:16:1:"What is the height of the mercury inthe left column (in cm)?":R:24:1:E40:MX102:MN982x 20:16:500:360:A"":600osphere?":24:1:E40v 16:22:500:A"":600:ZA%2570 24:1:"They are the same.":ZK%2560 550:2564 290:16:1:E40,7:" Let's push the piston in a little bit.":300 SB1 with mercury.Notice that one end is open to theatmosphere.r X2220:Y272:450:300:0:450:3:17:1:E40,6 16:1:"When the mercury is at the same heightin both arms of the U-tube how does thepressure in the piston compare to thatof the atm:175,13227,13230,17230,20:175,8234,8238,12238,16:0:230,90230,110:3 17:1:"We will put one mole of a gas in thiscylinder which has a movable piston.":X163:Y1120:X2140:Y226:450:290:0:450:3> 17:1:E37,3:"This U-tube is filled4,11:4X,Y9 1:50,20175,20175,13:50,1175,1175,8 50,21177,21177,13:50,0177,0177,8:3:7XI,YI:7XA,YA:8230,96 1:277,1277,95:269,1269,102:231,16231,95:239,12239,102:3:I06:232I,52232I,101:270I,52270I,96:N 1me for an ideal gas."We will do this by putting one moleof gas in a cylinder equipped witha piston and a pressure gauge.We will keep the temperature constantat 25 #C.":290  N:BK3::X104:Y10:XI232:XA270:YI50:YA50:10,Y104,Y:10,11105 0ZK%27ġ:200& 2ZK%2ġ:350, 4B NN1ZA%0:ZW%1Y XM:ZK%0:ZA%İ610_ ] bSL20:I55455:PA,I:PB,SL:CL:: lSL30:I7510025:PA,I:PB,SL:CL::N:BK2:4:"Let's explore the relationship betweenpressure and volu3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1):470? X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1) X1,Y1X2,Y2X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)1X2,Y2: ZL%30:I:ZK%27200 ZK%2350 ZK%1ZC%CZ%1 A"":ZA%ZC%ZC%1:500  &620 +T:ZK%55:ZA$C$:A(A$):AMXAMNZA%1:ZW%0:N1(SF2):H |ZA%0:ZW%1: "You have too many numbers after thedecimal point.": "Your units are not right.": N1İ410 N2İ400  A1((Y2Y1)(X2X1)):A21.571A1:A8:B4:X2X1X2ġ:350 @J ^1:BK200,200,2000,2500,3220,3390,3400,3470,3590,3600\ hZA$""N0: jA$"":C$"":N0:SF0:DM0:I1(ZA$):B$(ZA$,I,1):(B$)45(B$)58A$A$B$:C$C$" ":SFSF(DM1) m(B$)57(B$)46C$C$B$ n(B$)46DM16 r:"@2@FPressure - Volume@":10:11:"@2@FExperiment@"] 6:B8,25,255,110,8:G:290:2000 N:8:2:"@F@2@c6Returning toBoyle's Law index":(13);(4)"RUN ROUTER" "G:24:4:"Press @x2@c6RETURN@ to continue.":1 ,P:ZK%27ġ:200 6ZK%E/ PV EXPERIMENT 1/84%2000 36800X SV(10),SP(10):CL770:PA768:PB769OK$"@x2@c1OK@":NO$"@x2@c5NO@":N$"":Y$"":XN$""7 N:BK1:6:5               550:153016:1:E40,6:1:17:"Right, the pressure of the atmospheredecreases as you go up through it.Atmospheric pressure also changes withweather conditions.":290:200200200ions.":290:2002004200his barometer tothe top of a mountain would the mercurybe higher or lower in the tube?":R:24:1:E4016:21:500:A"":600:ZA%155024:1:"It would be lower.":ZK%1520 N0ZC%1ĺ"Try: 76 CM"R%N2ĺ"You have too many numbers after the decimal."`&ZK%1280o(550:130517:1:E40,4:18:"Right, atmospheric pressure at sealevel is 76 cm (760 mm) of Hg.":290:18:1:E40,4h16:1:"If we were to carry tA757:N1(SF1):A"":U2:ZA%İ600:1500W 60024:1:N1U1ĺ"Please include cm in your answer."N1U2ĺ"Please include mm in your answer."N0ZC%1ĺ"Just read the top of the mercury level"#:(B$)45(B$)57A$A$B$:C$C$" ":SFSF(DM1)S(B$)57(B$)46C$C$B$f(B$)46DM1:ZA$C$:A(A$):A76.2A75.88:N1(SF2)A76.2A75.88:N1(SF2):A"":U1:ZA%İ600:1500N A7620010:144,I150,I::3:I59510:144,I147,I::3I19:X152:Y9710I:YY:10I::6:23:"Centimeters":17:3:"What is the height of the mercurycolumn in centimeters?":R316:20:U0:500:A$"":C$"":N0:SF0:DM0:I1(ZA$):B$(ZA$,I,1),96165,93157,93:Y123:X0:"The pressure of the atmospheresupports the mercury column becausethere is a vacuum above it. Let'smeasure the height of this mercurycolumn.300:16:1:E40,8:24:1:E40:0:1230:345:143,0143,100:I01et in sincethe tube was sealed with mercury."DZC%1ĺ"Try: no"RZK%1210a550:121522:1:"Right, this is a vacuum.":290:18:1:E40,5:0:450:5:1230:3:1240117,40117,96:113,93117,96121,93113,93:161,40161,96:159,93161P2:1:E11:10:E13,3:0:450:X173:Y116:X2126:Y240:450:18:1:E40,7:318:1:"@pIs this space filled with air?":X135:Y1128:X2122:Y222:5:450:316:20:500:A"":600:ZA%1220.22:1:ZC%1ĺ"There is no way for air to g1:"Glass tube":10:"Dish filledwith mercury"X173:Y116:X2126:Y240:450:X170:Y175:X294:Y286:450:18:1:"When the mercury filled tube is invertedin the dish some of the mercury runsout of the tube."I925:13133,I:J1100:::2904,40124,143128,149132,143132,40:I142411:3125,I:J110::LY152:X8:"Then we will invert the tube in a dishof mercury.":290~N:BK5:3133,8:I132140:I,9I,100::I100115:98,I176,I:/2:96,8896,116178,115178,88:3:2::8:"The air surrounding the earth exerts apressure, called atmospheric pressure.Let's see how to measure atmosphericpressure.":290 8N:BK4:1:"To measure atmospheric pressure we willfirst fill a glass tube with mercury."EB6126,144:3:12768,I:769,30:770::::NO N:BK2:2:5:"When the molecules in a gas strike a surface they exert a pressure on it.The air striking the inner surfaceof an automobile tire exerts enoughpressure to support the weight ofthe car.":290 N:BK3 I:ZK%27200% ZK%2ġ:350: ZK%1ZC%ZC%1W A"":ZA%ZC%ZC%1:500] f &620w +T:ZK%555 0ZK%27ġ:200 :ZK%2ġ:350 D XM:ZK%0:ZA%610 ] bI55455:768,I:769,20:770::: RT lI7510025:27ġ:200 6ZK%2ġ:350! @C ^1:BK200,120,1000,1050,1080 A1((Y2Y1)(X2X1)):A21.571A1:A8:B4:X2X1X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1):470 X3X2A(A1):Y3Y2A(A1) X1,Y1X2,Y2X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)X3B(A2),Y3B(A2)1X2,Y2::"@F@2Measurement@":8:16:"@F@2of@":12:4:"@F@2Atmospheric Pressure@":5:B0,10,275,120,4:Gs 290:1000 N:10:"@G@F@3@c5Returning tothe main index."(13);(4)"RUN ROUTER" "24:5:"Press @X2@C6RETURN@ to continue.":G:1 ,P:ZK%н ATM PRESSURE 1/843 (C) S SMITH 1982>36800H200OK$"@X2@C1OK@":NO$"@X2@C5NO@":N$"":Y$""d xN:BK1:4:10     TURN.":300:200N 24:1:"CORRECT! Press RETURN.":300:200NINo00:200ND 19:1:"Is the pressure of a gas proportionalto temperature in Celsius or Kelvin?(To answer type C or K) ";:R1H ZF$"@H":500:A"K":600:ZA%34101M 1:24:"Use Kelvin. Type: K":ZK%34001O 550:34052R 24:1:"@x2@c1CORRECT!@ Press REnd what is -100#C on theKelvin temperature scale? ":X1156:X2134:450:131,119131,124o0% MX173:MN173:R0* 16:23:500:400:600:ZA%33800. 1:24:"-100 + 273 = 173":ZK%337000 550:337404 0:450:3:X124:Y128:"173":20:1:E40,4r1>n the Kelvin scale?":X176:Y1146:X261:Y2128:450:280K/ MX73:MN73:Rp/ 22:16:500:400:600:ZA%3358/ 1:24:"-200 + 273 = 73. Type: 73":ZK%3350/ 550:3354/ :20:1:E40,3Z0 0:450:3:X52:Y128:"73":1:20:E40,3:"Right. A,+,ADDITION,A,PLUS>":600:ZA%3340J. 1:24:ZC%1ĺ"Note: 0#C = 273#K"q. ZC%1ĺ"You add 273: Type: add.". ZK%3330. 550:33348/ 20:1:E40,3:20:"Right: T(Kelvin) = T (Celsius) + 273":290:58,11958,124:20:1:E40:"What is -200#C o 2:204,119204,123:6,121276,121:3:X195:Y128:"273"- 38:17:"K":X191:Y1149:X2189:Y2136:450:300:0:450:3:280:1:20:E40,3:"To convert Celsius to Kelvin do we addor subtract 273? ";:R#. 500:A"* 5:X20462797.2727:I,100I,104::I010010:201,I207,I:V( I2227936.5:I,100I,107:( X184:Y47:"50":Y17:"80":Y77:"20"( I1NX:11204ST(I)1.375,100SP(I)::5:204,31276,5:3 ) X40:Y110:"-200";:X113:"-100";:X202:"0";:X234:"50"E40,3:"Let's extend your line until we get to zero pressure. ":450z'N 5:I75104:I,3113.16I:J180:::3'X X115:Y50:"We are going to haveto redraw the graphto get to zero!":3004( N:BK6:2:204,0204,100:1,100279,100:3:I1108:XI24(I75):XX:(I75)2:n&0 1:1:"P, cmof Hg":18:16:"Temperature,#C":X156:Y1144:X228:Y248&: I1NX:11752ST(I),100SP(I)::5:75,31275,0:3:1:20:" Here is a plot of your pressure vs.  temperature data.":290I'D 20:1::3042_% 22:1:"Let's see how cold we have to go to getzero pressure. Press RETURN.":300% N:BK5:1:75,075,100275,100:3:I7527520:I,100I,105::I010010:71,I75,I:"&& X55:Y18:"80":Y47:"50":Y77:"20":Y97:" 0":I7525040:Y decreases."$ ZK%3020)$ 550:3022$ 2Y2:1:E40,3:"Do you think it is possible to cool a gas so the pressure is zero?":R$ 2Y6:1:E40$ 2Y6:16:500:A"":600:ZA%3050$ 24:1:"Yes it is. Type: yes":ZK%3040% 550:Y1NX1:9(ST(Y)100):12Y:ST(Y):25:12Y:SP(Y):# 2Y2:1:"If temperature is DECREASED does thepressure increase or decrease?"# 2Y6:14# 500:A"":600:ZA%3030 $ 24:1:"It:"2 to go on"/" 300:AZK%48:A1A22570@" A2590,3000X" 16:1:E40,3:2310" N:BK4:"Temperature, #C Pressure, cm of Hg":5:1,12278,12:3:I1NX2:ST(I)ST(I1)YST(I):ST(I)ST(I1):ST(I1)Y:YSP(I):SP(I)SP(I1):SP(I1)Y;# "Right. Next measure the pressure atabout 50 #C":2530{! T30Ģ18:"OK, now measure the pressure at about100#":2530! 2550! 290:18:1:E40,3:280:DT0:2310! NX93000" 16:1:"@x2@c6PRESS:@";:12:"1 to do more experiments";:12T60T21 T60T31 NX9(T10T20T30)Ģ16:"You should have collected data around25, 50, and 100 #C. Let's try theexperiment again.":290:6:1:E40,4:280:2305 T10Ģ18:"Also measure the pressure at about 25#":25309! T20Ģ18: 22:1:"Try: "AP! ZK%24300 550:2436 RHA:A((10(RHLH)))10:16:1:E40,5:16:"Right. The difference is "A" cm sothe total pressure is "76A" cm." NT0:SP(NX)76A:ST(NX)T:NXNX1:290:280:16:1:E40,5 T30T11 T35 top of the mercury."+o ZC%1ĺ"Try: "AP9p ZK%2410Hr 550:2413t LHA:16:1:E40,3:20:E40:1:16:"What is the mercury level on theright side?":Ry 18:20:AP(30(P76)2):MXAP1.5:MNAP1.5~ 18:20:500:700 600:ZA%2440E28,5:1:16:"What is the height of the mercury inthe LEFT arm of the manometer in cm?":Re AP(30(P76)2):MXAP1.5:MNAP1.5j 15:20:500:700l 600:ZA%2420m 22:1:VLMX2VLMN1ĺ"Close! It is "AP" cm.":2416n ZC%1ĺ"Read the,YI:YI51(P76):13XI,YI:YA51(P76):13XA,YA. DT1TT(T20):P.255(T273.2):13XA,YA:YA51(P76):13XA,YA:YI51(P76):13XI,YI3 TTP23204 SS.8T100:768,SS:769,10:7708 7:7:E5:" "T:TPT:2320\` 17:1:E30,4:20:12:o heat ":12:"C to cool RETURN to stop heatingor cooling and record data":TP0v K:ZK%13Ē0:9118,87:3:2400 ZK%27200 ZK%67ZK%99Ē0:9118,87:3:DT1 ZK%72ZK%104Ĕ9118,87:DT11$ DT1TT(T100):P.255(T273.2):13XI00:16:1:E40,6T25:"The temperature of the gas, in degreescentigrade, will be shown here.":7:"T, #C = ";T:X1112:Y1100:X266:Y260:450:300:0:450:3:16:1:E40,3 T10:T20:T30:NX1:P76:DT0:280Q 18:1:"@x2@c6PRESS:@";:12:"H t water. Then we will";y"heat the water and measure 4 to 8values of temperature and pressure.":104,14156,14:30016:1:E40,6:"Be sure to collect data over a widetemperature range. Values around 2550 and 100 #C will give good results.":321:E40,2:300g0:9118,84:3:20:13:" ":I120:13XI,YI:YIYI1:13XA,YA:YAYA1:13XA,YA:2:102,10104,12104,57106,59154,59156,57156,12158,10:3:18:1:E40,416:1:"We will put the flask containing our gasin a container ofSUBTRACT,s>":600:ZA%2250Q1:24:"You ADD":ZK%2240`550:224422:1:"RIGHT! The pressure is 76+20=96 cm Hg.":290:16:1:E40,5:18:"Let's do some experiments to determinehow pressure changes with temperature.":2230:1:24:"It is: 40 cm of Hg. Type: 40":ZK%2224I550:222616:1:E40,5:"The height difference is 40 - 20 or 20cm of mercury. Should 20 be added toor subtracted from 20 to give the totalpressure? ";:R1500:A"":ZA%AVL10:A0:N:BK2:4:"Let's explore the relationship betweenpressure and temperature for an idealgas.":12:"We will do this by putting one mole of";>"gas in a 22.4 liter flask which has apressure gauge. We will heat thC$:VL(A$)[ VLMXVLMNįA"":ZA%AVL: VL(MX10)VL(MN10)įA"":ZA%AVL10:VL(MX10)VL(MN10)įA"":Y$""2OK$"@x2@c1OK@":NO$"@x2@c5NO@"E dN:BK1:7:3:"@2@FPressure-Temperature":G:10               uEX$EXE J#$ ߠȱȱʈ lթ gݩ! ߪ + ?#$`0:793,9:D$;"RUN VT PROBLEMS 2"f1000:793,10:D$;"BLOAD CGAS SHAPES,A"SH:D$;"RUN PT EXPERIMENT"E(222):L(218)256(219):30N:C:2:8:"@F@4One moment please...":G:r.":G:20:Y7916(F6):YY:(29)8@P:AZKK%48:A1A5220]J793,2:C1:A340,350,360,370,30T1000:793,6:D$;"BLOAD CGAS SHAPES,A"SH:D$;"RUN VT EXPERIMENT"^1000:793,7:D$"RUN VT SAMPLE PROBLEMS"h1000:793,8:D$"RUN VT PROBLEMS 1" r100ID3:1:B0,0,278,191,4:B4,30,274,34:G:5:2:"@2@FCharles's Law INDEX@":3:8:"@X2@C1@FChoose topic by number.":G 64:11:"1. Temperature-Volume Experiment 2. Example problems 3. Setup problems 4. Problems 5. MAIN INDEX;F5F10įX1793,1:C6:A240,250,260,270,30d 1000:793,2:D$"BLOAD CGAS SHAPES,A"SH:D$;"RUN PV EXPERIMENT" 1000:793,3:D$"BLOAD ST.PV,A"SH:D$;"RUN PV SAMPLE PROBLEMS" 1000:793,4:D$;"RUN PV PROBLEMS 1" 1000:793,5:D$"RUN PV PROBLEMS 2"w ,N:le's Law INDEX@":3:8:"@F@X2@C6Choose topic by number.":G 11:5:"1. Pressure-Volume Experiment 2. Example problems 3. Setup problems 4. Problems 5. MAIN INDEX" F1F6įX20:Y7916(F2):YY:(29) P:AZKK%48:A1A5220 VT2:(29)' 6ID3ĢVT7:"@D"(29)C 8F10ID0ĢVT4:(29)_ FP:AZK%48:A1A460} PC5:A100,200,400,300,30 d1000:793,1:D$"BLOAD CGAS SHAPES,A"SH:D$;"RUN ATM PRESSURE"= N:ID2:6:B0,0,278,191,4:B4,30,274,34:G:6:2:"@2@FBoy1 (3:9:"@F@0@C6@X2Choose topic by number.":G 26:VT12:VT:"1. Atmospheric Pressure 2. Boyle's Law (P-V) @x2@c6INDEX@ 3. Pressure-Temperature Experiment (P-T) 4. Charles's Law (T-V) @x2@c1INDEX@ 44:ID0F1ĢVT:(29) 5ID2Ŀ ROUTER 36800$30\D$(13)(4):SH35990:ID0:232,150:233,140:0:1uF(793):F2F930F1F6200F5F10300N:793,0:B4,4,272,40:2:14:"MAIN INDEX":10:Y20:"@2@FIDEAL GASES@#5:B0,0,278,191,4:G      D0>3>33300>333>3?633>0333300033373cwcc333333333>33>00>063333333 cck63 333? ?&30 33?33333333333333>;3>333?33300003333?cwccc337?;333333333>ccc{3n333303? 333333ccccc6ccckwc33 33333 ?0 ?6c  33333Cc0 fc6666   c66c ?  ?0 337;330 ?00008<6300?0033?0 333333>0    CH``cc~<>cc``c#> ??c66c08<000UUUUUUUU8<>?><8 ? ? ? 88 ? d7CT|`_\@[]  ~   ~  L ?EE(轄x -v8塅&J 8 i轄x%I sw &%E&'i') ȥ8娅` yzz`y䍱zzy`, Oz,̠BX gyx` `zi`|z``8򅛥8ҥˆ yz0 𳦍J xJ J H pnhzĥ` g  _NO tgH  8 h pn MzIz`zH pnhz` pgi rgŜ$H z h pnƜ`zzz` 4z y 莩z wL MzHzH 8hzhze`yЎ``8`Fz`z0a m z0 'mH)JJJiJhh΄`zOzHHƥz ɀ쭧zH Kz ~hz  h ~ hzzzz` K  ~ Kzz٬zzzьz0ГɀНz  ~L{ĝ񝐁zz pnz枦LV|ĝ͹ ,ɩ  } }`NO`0"a0 b0z4z/z0*z,)a {~ { } ,~z, g;   g gL(} ~ΥL$} |ş | {z y  H 4h` 3~IRz =x v x w0Lp ȱA` ) y w` Ln.A& $< >,.?: ; ` 8```m`m``e` H!) 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(y,n) 12:10:ZL%1:I:14:4:E14:12:10:E4A"Y":16:4:ZA%Ĺ770,173:771,48:772,192:"Sound effects @x2@c6will@ be used.":360:100OA"N":ZA%ng These Programs2. Sound3. See Index of Lessons@c6":B0,46,278,192,4fxP:AZK%48:A1A3120zA1000,200,130N:1:B:4:9:"@F@0@4ONE MOMENT, PLEASE..."::G:(13);(4);"RUN ROUTER"N:1:B0,0,278,49:B0,49,278,192,4:10:2:"@#@쁃ɺتʌапĮεԶ򭵙6 ? 4533TaH|}%.<3-7 $]5Ab^14v$d${?:I'qbA-K#NL*E"F9tL,brl ,M5cvhm x{Z2V( gJ F#@RsPiPK\W*,'f΍ʖŒՏT/,n[jSJi(|1s8p, (# '8<4# *.  7>/$ĵ۲uf|=P6C0T%sfntm~%!Qa,26 ~NgR}KyB6 ;"+ < <=b{PY&ۯũ˸>s3n ٯ߮隵ոʺޯ''$fb̅$r6N&Rqre'U7RD(^rnm y^6[)B&D!%K.sz` /Mwhc$_6\. a0G)]|liehj^־Ѽݽ̦ġ *Z:Y1_+4V=P%M*N2(*<RlO?Q2Z,@o f czeFL|By =˸ެΏqz .N#!KӶ؋ؗѠѵuGqL֗ÀВŖݥɽڴ֩ٻŭ/$,HH櫐= 3倡'I?qd/C!D&eD/W$L%C`sR"S1\3[ ll}b>V;d |0P=O?[* p^:T:KA4R!%S9T7alM:Tkd ~_%K1ublcgfnc oN=N>]2V<|+Z,Y*B/I䆄ttentionEraseEdit responseEscape to indexAnswerBack"^- 2:I6114312:10,I260,I::3l2 360:100 4:10:"You can 'ESCAPE' to the mainindex of a lesson by pressingthe key marked ESC.":360 N:2:8:"@c5@4@F@0SUMMARY@1":G:7:5:"KEY":20:7:"FUNCTION" 9:3:"RETURN"(31)""(29)"ESCCTRL ACTRL B"9( "@P":9:12:"Get computer's a3014012:20,I252,I::3*H360:1150L N:2:13:"@c5@4@F@0HELP":G 3:10:"To see the answer to a questionhold down 'CTRL' and press 'A'.":17:"@x2@c5CTRL-A@x1@c7 gives you the @x2@c5a@x1@c7nswer.":360 N:2:9:"@c5@4@F@0ESCAPE":G`bols@C6":1:3:B40:G:5:4:"=X"(5)(4)""(19)""(20)""(24)""(23)""(22)""(16)>5:13:"wrong letterno letter hereinverted lettersinsert beforeinsert aftershould be lower caseshould be upper casemove word leftinsert wordC2:Ition of these symbols.":300:15:1:E40,415:1:"@Pwrong letter":17:8:"inverted order":19:18:"missing letter":15:24:"extra letter" 2:20,11095,75:90,125120,75:164,140164,75:230,110200,75:3:360\4N:5:"Summary of Markup Symnder your answer.":360N:"If you typed sadimu chlrides insteadof sodium chloride this is how youranswer will be marked."ZA$"sadimu chlrides":8:12:"@:"ZA$A"sodium chloride":9:11:ZM$*15:4:"Press @X2@C5RETURN@ for anexplanawn 'CTRL' and press 'B'.":17:"@x2@c5CTRL-B@x1@c7 allows you to go @x2@c5b@x1@c7ack.":360:2500N:6:"If you have made a typing or spellingerror in your answer the computerwill try to help you locate thespecific problem by putting somesymbols uessing the key marked ";(29)".Pressing ";(29);" once erases yourresponse.If you press ";(29);" again your answer";"will return one word at a time.":360N:2:12:"@c5@4@F@0BACK":Ga2:10:"To go back a display in a lessonhold doess RETURN to have your answer judged.":360:2000Z~N:2:16:"@c5@4@F@0@J@1":BK2:G3:10:"@PThe key marked @J will erase whatyou have typed on the screen.":360N:2:15:"@c5@4@F@0@K@1":G|8:3:"@PYou can edit your response bypr