' +JJJJ ?\>m0M='+l> /+l   d]@ŵLҦ]]LF L}BBL]렮 鷎귭෍ᷩ췩緈JJJJxL Lȿ L`lJJJJJ IL `L巬 췌`x (`(8`I`B` ``>J>J>VU)?`8'x0|&Hh VY)'&Y)xꪽ)' `Hh`V0^*^*>&` aI꽌ɪVɭ&Y&&Y& 꽌ɪ\8`&&꽌ɪɖ'*&%&,E'зЮ꽌ɪФ`+*xS&x'8*3Ixix&& 8  '  & x)*++`FG8`0($ p,&"K ߼ 켩)``K ߼ 켩)`ij  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?ֽ0LL𻽌ɪLFFB 췍@귎鷎lθҸ! 绠Ul\k 续k 续kUl\/8BθҸ!LLT L X -L[`KATHY:HH9 8L80^݌Hh ü ü݌ ռ ռ ռA ļD ļ? ļAEDE?HJ>h Լ ռ ռ ռ`HJ>݌h Hh݌`5`?`ȠHIHHHHhHH݌hHhHh݌H6 VDP (ED Z $0x8x D- ܸDD# H8`?E Vk *f???0xE Hh D#-EEE8` D ܸx D - ܸx8`-0ݩ?ʥD EEE`   LDcpq` [` ~  LPi0 @nOOP ]x PL2PThe main index F#P ( -| BOLfPL[PRUN APCOMLIT.0 FLP LPLPBRUN APCOMLIT.0.OBJ,A20486 FiP  w f| I F a~ I F | I  H F  F /} L /} L  F LaK u| z | zLP How Computers Affect Us FӜu`".Q`pNФbptťܥm2<(-Py0\|e<6e<g< JJJJj귍hI  aUL@ kU8  L  Q^R(jQ0l^l\  wUuW ԧ H h@ [_ /Q֩b_L`L[LLL`ª`LQLY[LXLeLee ўQH\(h0L& Ꝥ$`( R \ZLl8 ўR HH\`\Z[YS6`LxQɿu3'RͲʎRʎ]]]ɍuL͟ɍ}RLRɍg^H8 ^hZLɍR LͲɊRR% QLܤͲ Z@ -^ ş\[Z QY\[Z8`l6Lş_Ȍb_Ͳ] )Y h( ֭ͲLɍ [LLĦ__ ^ 9 LҦ3 9 a   0LjLY u< (_9 ˭ɠuɠK_9 ?LˆʎõĵL õ ĵµ aµ`` L̦µ_bJLuLz`  ȟ QlXJ̥KlV  ȟ QlV eօ3L e3L &RL &QL d L4 Ne)n `@-eff ``` f`L . tQLѤ LҦL` OPu d L Ne)noon 8ɍ` ^f\õL ^NR  RΩLҦ)\Z ʽ LHv 3h`0h8` [L NС õ`A@` ŵL^Lõ`  \ 濭0 \  ȟ Q ^\lZl^?cqH şch`fhjõĵ@OAP`u@`@&`QR`E Ls  @DAE@u`8` %@ @A@`@`@A`Mµ ) LЦ`8@AWc@8@-@HAȑ@hHȑ@ȑ@hHȑ@Ȋ@ch8&ȑ@Hȑ@Ah@LHȑ@ȑ@ htphso`hMhL`9V8U897T6S67`SAVTOBINIRUCHAIDELETLOCUNLOCCLOSREAEXEWRITPOSITIOOPEAPPENRENAMKATHLEMONOMOPRINMAXFILEFINBSAVBLOABRUVERIF!pppp p p p p`" t""#x"p0p@p@@@p@!y q q p@  LANGUAGE NOT AVAILABLRANGE ERROWRITE PROTECTEEND OF DATFILE NOT FOUNVOLUME MISMATCI/O ERRODISK FULFILE LOCKESYNTAX ERRONO BUFFERS AVAILABLFILE TYPE MISMATCPROGRAM TOO LARGNOT DIRECT COMMANč$3>L[dmx- ( [ ԮԮ-@跻~!Wo*9~~~~ɬƬ~_ j ʪHɪH`Lc (L ܫ㵮赎 ɱ^_ J QL_Ls贩紎 DǴҵԵƴѵӵµȴ 7 ַ :ŵƴѵǴҵȴµ納贍﵎ٵ്ᵭⳍڵL^ѵ-I `  4 ò-յ!  8صٵ紭ﵝ 7L (0+BC  7L HH`LgL{0 HH` õL H hBL BH [ h`Lo õ ڬL B ڬ LʬH hB@ յյ [L (ȴ) ȴ 7L L ( L (ȴL{ƴѵ洩ƴǴҵ 7 ^* B0 HȱBh ӵԵ 8 L8 ݲ` ܫ  / / ED B / / ]ƴS0Jȴ ȴ)  紅D贅E B ƴ  / 0L Ν `HD٤DEEhiHLGh ` ŵBѵ-` ѵB-` ܫ XI볩쳢8 DH E𳈈췍Ȍ X0L JLǵBȵC`,յp` 䯩 R-յյ`յ0` K R-յյ`ɵʵӵԵ` 4 K ( ѵҵLBȱBL8` DBHBH : ַ޵BȭߵBhhӵԵ RBܵmڵ޵ȱBݵm۵ߵ` 䯩LR˵̵ֵ׵`êĪLR E( 8` R` ELRŪƪ`췌 յյI뷭鷭귭ⵍ㵍跬ª 뷰` Lf ݵܵߵ޵ ^`8ܵ i B8` 4L ֵȱB׵ ܯ䵍൭嵍 ` DȑB׵Bֵ  ַ յյ`굎뵎쵬 뵎쵌``õĵBCõĵ`µµ`L õBĵCصص Qƴ0"Bƴ 󮜳` 0۰ϬBƴ8`i#`ЗLw!0>ﵭ` m ﳐ 7i볍 8 ЉLw`H h ݲL~ `浍국䵍뵩嵠Jm赍嵊mjnnn浈ۭm浍浭m䵍䵩m嵍`"L ŵ8ŵH ~(` d ֠z#?Ϡ\\zz]]` L.]% does so, you will see this symbol: F] F LE] F?] F Ղ I F Lf] The F_] F Ղ I FL] symbol means Fz] F / I FL]Press F] F q FL]RETURN F] F  F ̂ I F L] to continue. F] F / I F L^[ F L2\$ computer will mark that section as F \ F LM\ completed. F@\ F o` d  L h LL\% As you are studying in this lesson, Fn\ F L\# the computer will sometimes pause F\ F L\% for you to finish reading. When it F\ F w o` d  L h LL@[$ The best way to use this lesson is F[ F Ls[$ to study each section in the index FN[ F L[& in order, just as you would read the F[ F L[ chapters in a book. F[ F L[! After you finish a section, the F L'Z * How computers affect us F Z F L\Z# Each section can be selected from F8Z F LZ% the index by typing its number then FjZ F LZ pressing the FZ F q FLZRETURN FZ F  F ̂ I FLZkey. FZ F Ԁ   8 ~ive sections FX F LAY$ following this short introduction: FY F LpY * Examples of computer uses FRY F LY * Limitations of computers FY F LY * The nature of computers FY F LY * Where computers came from FY F 0fff>>ffff<080006f&&f<.VVVV:llllll< <66<0p:f<<`> > 86666lfff$fFVT(f$$fff, ~0 ~?!!!d$6>]]]6c{k;<fff>ffff>~~~ff>ff>6f3; ;3>&[KK[&>fnhhnf>@`3 i @0 66$$$~$~$$|f0 6066f<    00 Z< `0 `f<8 >f<~`0 > 0 xyLKxHHD+(DA/(Dq'  I)(H  p闠 y) 񗰐 z$ r0θ4KHH0t# p y0p 9G @0ɩL[hHHϸȸI^hHHoTDDfff>>ffff<080006f&&f<.VVVV:llllll< <66<0p:f<<`> > 86666lfff$fFVT(f$$fff, ~0 ~x+>]] `j`]6fff>ffff>~~~ff>ff>6f*ccpVR_RVp i @0 66$$$~$~$$|f0 6066f<    00 Z< `0 `f<8 >f<~`0 > 0 @_QU]ALKxHHD+(DA/(Dq'  I)(H  p闠 y) 񗰐 z$ r0θ4KHH0t# p y0p 9G @0ɩL[hHHϸȸI^hHHoTDDfff>>ffff<080006f&&f<.VVVV:llllll< <66<0p:f<<`> > 86666lfff$fFVT(f$$fff, ~0 ~"A*"I"6I L@ }E `!$BB,$` L( L5 LD 8 XL XLR XQHPH RPhPhQ8 XL.0'L+ LfLLLLL ꥪLYԨé F / I FL&m by Dr. John Aikin and Fm F LYm$ Greg Starling, The Evergreen State F4m F Lrm College. Fgm F o` { F L a LLmComputer Literacy: Fm F  L ف LLm Introduction Fm F L 3 LLm Copyright Fm F available from Synergistic Software. Fl F 3 L LLJlAUTHORS FBl F L^l F[l F / I FLl Computer Literacy: Introduction Frl F / I F Ll is adapted from Fl F / I FLlIntroduction to Fl F Ll Computers Fl 81, Fj F L*k Apple Computer, Inc. Fk F Lbk& All high resolution text and associ- F;k F Lk# ated effects were generated using Fpk F Lk# Higher Text II by Darrell and Ron Fk F Lk Aldrich, Copyright 1980, and Fk F L(l&n Fi F L ! LL+j Greg Starling Fj F F L E LLajThe Evergreen State College FEj F L N LLjOlympia, Washington F{j F o`  L  L F 3 L J LLjCREDITS Fj F  L € LLk# DOS 3.3/3.3P Copyright 1980-19 F F  D mD  D Fnb F / I FLb . At that point you should type Fb F Lb% an answer to the question and press Fb F Lb Fb F q FLcRETURN displays. F` F    z  L LL8a F5a F q FLNaCTRL FIa F  FLaa F_a F q FLtaB Fra F  F ̂ I FLawill return you to the index. Fa F    z  d~ y~ 8 E 2w o` d  L h LLb# During the lesee what they look F_ F L)` like: F!` F q   z Iy bv   q  z  d~ y~  E 2w  L ف LL` F|` F q FL`CTRL F` F  FL` F` F q FL`R F` F  F ̂ I FL`will let you review F` F L a previous LL,_" Throughout this lesson there are F _ F L]_" some keys with special purposes. F:_ F L_% They will be shown at the bottom of Fk_ F L_ your screen. F_ F L_ Press F_ F q FL_RETURN F_ F  F ̂ I FL`to s Try it now. F^ F   ˀ  z  d~ ˀ y~ _ E 2w  L 3 LLs^$ Very good! Notice that the symbol FN^ F L^! disappears as soon as you press F^ F L^ F^ F q FL^RETURN F^ F  F ̂ I FL^. F^ F o` d  L h@@"@ `@0 Pp`X@(D@HpvgH   ??01 I ܃  I  I } I J E I # I _L;|0L@|0 J I F9| H I H F>| H sLm|9Lr|0 J I Fk| H I H Fp| H   I I i I L| 4~ F lN 1~ "M =~ ] F lN 1~ "M  M =~ ! F lN 1~ "M  M``LaKLaKRETURN F{ F  F ̂ I FL.{ to continue F"{ F Lz`  L  L  I F F F lN c & i  L N L F L ` LL{is being loaded. F{ F L r LL{One moment please... F{ F`  BO lN ~ ~L{  ~ ~   F M q FL zB F z F  F ̂ I FL>zto return to the index F'z F ` - M ] E - M i E 9 M i E 9 M ] E - M ] E` [~ L p~ L I F [~ L p~  L  I F`  L  L H 3I H ML<{  L ` L ڃ FLz Fz F q FL{ F  ~L:y  Ak ( F N NL'y F%y F /Bk  ~ =  jw /Ba` ` L  L F i L J L q FLxyCTRL Fsy F  FLy Fy F q FLyR Fy F  F ̂ I FLy to review Fy F r L J L q FLyCTRL Fy F  FLy Fy FI FLx to continue. F x F H F lN |Lx 3I H MLx  A N N ` L J L  "MLx q FLxRETURN F|x F  F ̂ I FLx  FLxRETURN Fx F   jw /B i LLx`  ~  Aa ~ N N ~ L  L ~  "MLy (ǁ 6 f Jz * A Z Ё 6 ˀ f Jz F M` |~ A |~ B c  N N g~ L  L ڃ F /B`  A   N N /B`  \ c 8    ~ \ c  ~  M  E  ~ M  E` ` L J L ڃ F q FLwRETURN Fw F  F ̂ RL Fu F  FLv Fv F q FL*vX F(v F  F ̂ I FLVvto restart lesson FDv F `` { F L F ނ lN c & i L FLv Fv F R~  &MLvLvIndex Fv F Lv R~  "MLv R~ _OLv of Fv F F~ _O  M * S Z  F ̂ I FL%uto try choice # Fu F F ~ # ~  L ~ LLqu"Any other key for another choice: FNu F H   3I H MLu F sN < D  lN ~ L ~ L F ~ # ~  L ~ L F uL-s`  L i LLu Fu F q FLvCTM MLt  AC N N ~  "ML9t q F L?t  F  AH  ~ N N ~ # ~ L ~ L ~  _O /BH   jw /BC ~ # ~  L ~ LLs F sN < D  lN ~ L ~ L q F F  F ~ # ~  L ~ L F q FLtRETURN Ft FW LLsAll rights reserved F s F o` & ~ L W LLAs( F?s F I FLxs") marks sections you've completed. FUs F ~ L ~ # ~  LLsPress a key (1- Fs F ~ _OLs): Fs F H 3I A MLu F * M (~ F ~ ~ 4 ~ LLrPLATO (R) Software Fr F L LLKrPLATO is a trademark of F3r F L LL~rCONTROL DATA CORPORATION Fer F L ! LLr Copyright Fr F I FLr 1982 Fr F L E LLrCONTROL DATA CORPORATION Fr F ف L ' M ' E ' M ' E - M ' E - M -  E - M - + E ' M - + E ' M  ' E ' M  ' E ' M - E ' M - E ' M ' E /Bp F M  L  LLq CONTROL DATA Fq F L a ` { F  M  Ap  N N - M ' E ' M ' E X ' M ' E X ' M -  E ' M - + E - M - + E - M  ' E - M  ' E - M - E - M - E - M ' E /Bp  Ap  N N f Jz /B /B o` a L i LL+oPress F$o F q FLCoRETURN Fn F L N LLnAll Rights Reserved Frn F  A N N A N M  A  N N Q " r * Q z r Z Q v c u 6 Q z O c u d Fl F L/m Hewpie tells me that too. Fm F : v $` : { v d ; L LLm# Since Hewpie always knows about Fnm F Lm& all my reservations, it can answer Fm F Lm all sorts of questions like: Fm F 2J F /B : v $` : { v d ; L LLhl' Hewpie checks over the reservations F@l F Ll$ in the file and if everything is Fvl F Ll& OK, I confirm the reservation. Of Fl F Lm$ course, sometimes we're full an Fj k  A N N L  L i w M ŕ 2J F % L  L LkLlk-type- Fek F LkLk Fk F  9 /B  e ӓ ӓ Lkwhirr Fk G T ݒ A N N m L ܓ q L w i M  a reser- Fi F L;j! vation, I enter the necessary Fj F Loj% facts into Hewpie's file using my FIj F Lj terminal. F}j F Ǔ $`Lkg Mr. Joe Smith 2 adults 1 child Arrive 9/9 Depart 9/12 Room 302 N N /B /Bi % L  LL/i F(i F Ҕ L LLri" When I use Hewpie, I sit at a FOi F Li% terminal that's a lot like yours. Fi F : $` : { v d ; L LL j% When people call to makeg F L0h# storage area where it keeps all F h F LVh the data I feed it. F>h F : v $` : { v d ; B L LLh Fh F B L  L ͖ I F % L  LLh-plop- Fh F Ai N N BO lN A  rather simple, really. Here's Ff F LAg how it works. F/g F : v $` : { v  ; ϊ L  L I F f L ] LLg# This is my computer. I call it Fg F Lg! Hewpie. It has a file in its Fܒ Ǔ $` m L LLf Ff F m L LL7f F5f F : f Ǔ L  LLf"Then I got my computer. I learned F]f F L ( LLf to program in BASIC and wrote my Ff F Lf& own room reservation system. It's Ff F L!g" & because it was tough keeping track Fe F L[e# of who was arriving and who was F7e F Le' ready to leave. Sometimes people's Fie F Le# reservations got lost. Sheesh! Fe F Le Did that ever make them mad! Fe F : c F : v $` : { v  ; : f v L LLod"HI! My name is Alice McGixney. I FLd F L LLdown a resort motel--Alice's Fd F Ld Acres. Fd F Ld$ I used to lose a lot of business Fd F L)eL 6cd f\gqhijlJmnop  F lN KL5c /B}` L LLjc$ Another big use of computers in FEc F Lc! business is to handle reser- Fxc F Lc# vations for hotels, airplanes, Fc F Lc# theatre tickets, and so forth. Fړ Ǔ $` L  LLEb% * By using the computer, the Lone Fb F Lyb% Pine Lumber Yard could do fast, FSb F Lb# accurate billing and keep the Fb F Lb right items in stock. Fb F S` A}  N N D L"a about what is sold. Fa F : $` L LLna! * Humans had to write several FLa F La# programs to tell the computer F|a F La& exactly how to help them run the Fa F La lumberyard. Fa F : ML` L w 6 L  F t /B /B : v $` : { v  ; L LL`" Some things to notice about this Fi` F L`" application of the computer are: F` F L LL`" * Humans had to enter the data F` F$127.35. F_ L_Pay now! F_   e ӓ L<_whirr F6_ G ӓ T ݒ A N N $ { ; b  k w ɔ M ; Y L w  L ~ F w  ML_ L w  LL_You owe F_ F w L ML_ L w - L F w 7[\|]^~_ LELbOLbO LbOLbOLbOLbO LbO%LbO*LbO/LbO4LbO9LbO>LbOCLbOHLbOMLbORLbOOLbOWLbO way of F| F L7} storing large amounts of data F} F Li}# outside the computer. The floppy FE} F L}& disk drive you have attached to your Fw} F L} computer is an example. F} F K d  : v  S` Lz L ˄Lz : v $` : { v  ; L LLm|% The memory and CPU of your computer FG| F L|% are under the cover where you can't F{| F L| see them. F| F : $` L t LL }# Most computers also have aF L|L{INPUT e 3I F { MLm{LF{No. The keyboard is used for F({ F L_{ input. FT{ F LzLt{CPU e 3I Fp{ ML{L{ No. The CPU is under the cover. F{ F LzL{MEMORY e 3I F{ ML|L{No. Memory is under the cover. F{ F Lz> Fz F Ǔ 9 ̑ O  F lN KL"|  {  : ; L : LLbzOUTPUT e 3I F[z MLzLz That's it! Fxz F L| w  t w 7 "MLz L  L  F L : L w 7 "ML {Lz The screen is the output device. Fz yL#yNo. The output comes from a Fy F LGy different device. F1y F Lw L ˄Lw : ӓ $` t : { ӓ ; L  LLy% Which part of the computer is the Fy F Ly screen you are reading? Fy F t L  Lice Fw F L(x on the computer. Fx F LayL@xMEMORY e 3I F9x MLxLsxNo. The memory is under the FVx F Lx cover. Fx F LwLxCPU e 3I Fx MLxLx No. The CPU is under the cover. Fx F LwLxOUTPUT e 3I Fx MLUL LLw> F w F 9 ̑ O  F lN KLpy  { : ; L ŕ LLiwINPUT e 3I Fcw MLwLw That's right. Fw F Lay w  t w 7 "MLw L L  F L ŕ L w 7 "ML6xLx The keyboard is the input devcessing Unit Fu F : Ǔ $` L ( LLAv Output F8v F S` A} N N D Lvqy#||  F lN KLv /B}` t L LLv" Your keyboard is an example of Fv F Lv which part of a computer? Fv F t a part of the computer to Ft F LLu" perform each of these functions: F)u F : $` L LL~u Input Fvu F : $` L LLu Memory Fu F : ӓ $` L LLu CPU * Fu F m L U LLv* Central Pronces of Fs F L  LL:tinstructions provided. F#t F :  $` L ( LLtMake the results of assigned Fdt F L : LLttasks available for people. Ft F : v $` : { v O ; L LLu$ There is Get instructions and infor- Fs F L t LLKsmation from people. F7s F : $` L LLsStore these instructions and Fus F L LLsinformation during use. Fs F : ܓ $` L LL tCarry out the sequectly what to do. Fq F S` A} N N D L orrfssUttguuu)v  F lN KLnr /B}` L LLr& Anything that is a computer has to F~r F Lr# be able to do all these things: Fr F : $` L LLs F L+q example, this business use of F q F L\q" computers also depends on people F9q F Lq% being able to supply accurate input Fjq F Lq data and on carefully written Fq F Lq! programs that tell the computer Fq F Lr exa { v d ; L LLJp& Hewpie's answers to these kinds of F#p F Lxp questions are a big help in FXp F Lp running my motel! Fp F : v $`  { v  ; L LLp! Notice that, as in our previous Fp ŕ 2J F % L  L L=oL)o-type- F"o F LUoLGo F@o F  9 /B  e ӓ ӓ L~owhirr Fxo G T ^ L ( L . I FLoRooms 112, 231, Fo F g L : LLoand 311, Alice. Fo F . I F : v $` :L n Fn F . I FL@nWhich rooms with twin beds will F n F Lcn be free June 10? FNn F . I F LnC Which rooms with twin beds will be free June 10? Fzn k Ǔ $`  A N N L  L i w M Ė I F i L  L ֖ I F` L L H   F lN K -  3I o M ML L g L  FLt Fq F FLRETURN F F @ F I FL to continue F F L$` L L I F J F 6 F lN c O i T L U L 6 FL R F F @ F I FL1 to review F' F L m L FLVCTRL FQ F @ FLi Fg F FL|B Fz F @ F I FLto return to the index F F `  M P E  M \ E # M \ E # M P E  M P E` i L L Y  M Y ޔ Y  ޔ M Y Y   M M Y   M  Y M ] L LLStorage F F U L LLCPU F F` g L L J F y L m L FLCTRL F F @ FL F FRETURN F F @ F I FLE @ FL4RETURN F, F /B y LL` AZ N N h L L "ML E F  L Ad E F N NL F F /Bd /BZ` M  M ޔ Y  ޔ M BOL I F  FLG! Too long...extra input ignored. F% F ` g L m L  F FLuRETURN Fn F @ F I FL to continue. F F H   F lN KLS  3I o MLS A C N N g L m L Ȓ L "ML# FL - e F ڒ "M MLv t I FL* F( F t I F e F MLg e F sN D e I gLLk Fj gL  F &ML e F lN ɑ "ML L  F  F M -  F &M ML  F sN  D I  e 3I  H gL` L g L B` c d c : M E M E`LS FR g , L L AF ϑ N NL F F /BF L L H L  3I F M - / "M ML  ,  F lN KL  3I o ML t I  M O i L 6 FL F F ] &MLDL6Index F0 F Lq ] "MLq ] _OL` of F[ F N _O M ܓ  v M ו  Y   M  Y M` A 8 c  N N ~ L L  F /B` A  N N /PU, memory, or output, then press F F L4 F1 F FLLRETURN FE F @ F I FLh. Ff F ` A- N N BO lN r /B-` M ݒ A N N V  ۔ M } Y /B M`` F C L 6 F lN cNo. The output device is used to F F LJ give results to people. F0 F LLLbMEMORY e 3I F[ MLL No. Memory is used to store Fx F L information. F F LL ˄LL S`L! Enter one of the parts: input, F΄ F L#$ C F L C L w 7 "MLmLI# The CPU is the part that does the F% F L_ work. FW F LDŽLvINPUT e 3I Fp ML߃L! No. The input device is used to F F Lу enter information. F F LLLOUTPUT e 3I F MLXL"" task, you need a F F L, fast > F# F ߖ M X E M X E  9 ̑ O  F lN KLʄ  {  : ; L C LLCPU e 3I F ML͂L That's it. F F LDŽ w  t w 7 "ML L ( L  FLCPU FPUT e 3I F MLoL>" No. Information is not stored in F F La the output device. FL F LZLvCPU e 3I Fr MLL% No. The CPU processes information. F F LZ ˄LZ : $` t L  LL& To do a complicated L L  FLMEMORY F F L  L w 7 "MLLc Memory is where information is FB F L{ stored. Fq F LƁLINPUT e 3I F MLLˀ" No. Information is not stored in F F L the input device. Fـ F LZLOUT lot of information, you F~ F L: need a big > F+ F Ε M L E p M L E  9 ̑ O  F lN KLՁ  { ӓ : ; L  LLMEMORY e 3I F MLL Yes. That's right. F F LƁ w  t w 7 "ML1 ( A} m N N D L?~~ց  F lN KL>~ /B}` L LLm~ The characteristics of these FN~ F L~$ computer parts help determine what F{~ F L~ the computer can do. F~ F : $` t L t LL$ To store aF L0c% up a sequence of steps the computer F c F Lcc$ must follow in order to accomplish F>c F Lc the programmer's purpose. Fqc F i ۑ ֓ T J y ۑ T J @ _ {` L p LLd% Correct programming is essenti Ô M   - '  @ _ {` L LL`b# The process of telling a computer F Fr F  I F H before you MOVE! Fq F @ _ {`   - '  { L LL}q! Commands: T to test for a pit F[q F Lq L to turn left Fq F Lq R to turn right Fq F Lr M to move ahead L*p" to look ahead is with the TEST Fp F L^p% command. TEST will tell you only F8p F Lp& if the square you are facing has a Flp F Lp pit. Let's play again as a Fp F Lp# computer. Don't forget to TEST Fp F Lq can't see the board. The Fn F LOo$ computer only knows how long and F*o F Lto wide the board is. F]o F @ _ ē {` L  LLo& In fact, the computer can only see Fo F Lo% the square it's in. The only way Fo F lay again. Fm F H F lN "M ǐ 3I a M MLl` )  ( A N N & Lno1q F lN Ln /B` L LLn! The game looks different to a Fn F Ln$ simple computer. To begin with, Fn F Lo it L FL/m Press the R, L, or M key. Fm F Lh @  ͓ -  L LL~m Congratulations! You won! Fam F Lm Press Fm F FLmRETURN Fm F  F I FLmto leave the game Fm F L n! or any other key to p N Ô BO lN  /B} ̔ 0 L1l Press F(l F FLIlRETURN FBl F  F I FLxlto leave the game or Fcl F Ll any other key to try again: Fl F H F lN ǐ 3I a M MLHn   - '  { ‡Lg L  M ML"k  { ~Lhk L L FLZk" You can't move off of the board. F7k F Lh ɑ ZN "MLh @  ͓ -  L L Q NLk AAAAAAIIIIIIIIIEEEEEEEEEEEE Fk F ؗ N  0Lk SPLAT! Fk F A}  N 3I Fi M ML(j  LhL-jmL2jM 3I F+j M ǐ 3I F0j M MLl ^ a L ɑ ^ = LLyj Fwj F Ԓ "M ǐ ɑ  M MLj  Ñ ƑLhk  "MLj  ~Lhk [ "M ǐ ɑ &M MLj ɑ  ƑLhk : "M ǐ L Ԓ "MLi I FL\i  "ML9i u I FL\i [ "MLSi I FL\i I F L LLxi Your move> Fki F  I F H F F lN LHnLilLiL 3I Fi M ǐ 3I Fi M MLi  LhLirLiR 3I Fi M e from left to right. Fg F LBh Commands: L to turn left F%h F Lnh R to turn right FPh F Lh M to move ahead F|h F  ~ @ Ƒ  : MLh ג Ԓ &MLh @ { ML=m ^ a L ɑ ^ =g" game. LEFT and RIGHT turn the Fg F LVg! game piece within the square. F4g F Lg# MOVE moves the piece forward in Fdg F Lg the direction it faces. Fg F @ _ ͓ {` @  ͓ -  L LLh% Move your pieca Fe F L4f" piece across a checkered board Ff F Lif& without landing in any pits (which FBf F Lf are marked by O's). Fwf F @ _ ͓ {`   ͓ -  L LLf& You may use three commands in this Ff F L& see what it's like to be a Fe F Lz& As you can see, life as a computer Fz F Lmz is just one small step after FLz F Lz$ another. Here's what a computer F{z F Lz& program to play SPLAT! looks like: Fz F @ _ {` L LL"{" F Ly Press F y F FL-yRETURN F&y F  F I FLYyto leave the game FGy F Ly! or any other key to play again. Fgy F H F lN "M ǐ 3I a M ML1q` )  ( A N N & Lzzu|d} F lN Lzother key to try again. Fw F H F lN ǐ 3I a M MLyL1q L L FLx$ Press the T, R, L, or M key. Fex F Lr @  ͓ -  L LLx$ Congratulations! You make a great Fx F Lx computer! Fx EEEEEEEEEEEE Fv F ؗ N  0L0w CLUNK! F(w F A}  N N Ô BO lN  /B} ̔ 0 Lw You should have tested first. Fow F Lw Press Fw F FLwRETURN Fw F  F I FLwto leave the game or Fw F Lx any v  ~Lv [ "M ǐ ɑ &M MLt' You are facing the edge of the board. Ft F Lr ZN Lt L L FLt That square is clear of pits. Fut F Lr ^ a L ^ = LLtO Ft F L L FLt A pit! Ft FLrLtlLtL 3I ELbOLELbO LE LE LbOLELELbOLELbO"LE$LbO)LbO.LbO3LE5LE7LbOK? I c ܖ I ' R I mL%0L*0 I F# H R I H F( H LW9L\0 I FU H R I H FZ H  ˒ I Q I Z I ˘L Ӑ F lN А "M ܐ k F lN А "M  M ܐ % F lN А "M  M``LaKLaK@`@ ontinue F F L{` L L I F  F  F lN c d i L L  F L LLzis being loaded. Fi F L L $ LLOne moment please... F F` ’ BO lN E HL  B  Ô D mD Ô M I I  p Iex F F `  M 2 E  M > E  M > E  M 2 E  M 2 E` L $ L I F L $  L Ɨ I F` L b L H F lN ǐ 3I a M ML L L FLˌ FȌ F FLRETURN F܌ F  F I FL to c 0 /Bi` L L  F  L L FL>CTRL F9 F  FLQ FO F FLdR Fb F  F I FL to review F~ F $ L L FLCTRL F F  FL F F FLӋB Fы F  F I FLto return to the indI a ML A R N N L L [ "MLc FLIRETURN FB F  F I FL  FLtRETURN Fl F  0 /B  LL` ג Ai 9 N N V L L Ԓ "MLԊ A F  L Ax A F N NL F F /Bx ג  c  N N  L L F /B` A N N /B` v c ޑ ߓ ۑ W v c @ T M ޑ E Q M ޑ E` L L F FLRETURN F F  F I FL܉ to continue. Fω F H F lN L 3 M LLO F F /B /B`` F R L  F ϗ lN c d i L  FL[ FY F Ԓ &MLLzIndex Ft F L Ԓ "ML _OL of F F _O M  /  3 ;    /   ' ;  Ô M` 0 A 0 /B  J @ t w ZN M ˒ mD M { ML   ML   MLt w  MLt  n tL w &ML w  tL M  JL L LL F F` A ʖ N N A  N N M ^ a L w ^ = L w ZN  /B /B ˒ A R N N ˒ A N N 3 q  M ~ q / w   M ~ c w ;  /B /B Ô M` L LLdigging pits... F F A ʖ N N A  N N w ZN M ˒ mD   ML w ZN M mD /B M g E m M E M g E M E M E  /  • ;   ˕ / ԕ  q ;  Z L ʖ LLO F F Z L ܖ LLO F F` M ˒ A  N N ˒ A N N M  0 q  q / M  n c w  w  ;L  oooooo F F L LL+oooooo F$ F L LLJ oooooo FB F L LLh oo o Fa F  M ˒ A N N z q M Ӗ E q M : E q M E  q M Ӗ E q M : E q M C E /B` M E M g E m K M 9 ׎ ܏ L c LLGh% Finally, a document (even a book) F!h F Luh can be printed on paper for FUh F Lh everyone to read. Fh F L L o [ ф I FLhI'll be a star! Fh F I F M G E  M E Ff ܏ A > N N L Y L  M 2J F [ ф /B  : YLigwhirr Fcg ŕ 5 b A } N N B L  LLg Fg F /B A ܏ N N B L  L  ̐ o M b 2J F /B   K O `  /eo Fe F Lf display. Ff F  O `  : YLUfwhirr FOf ŕ 5 . ܏ A , N N L } L 1LfLf-type- Ff F .LfLf Ff F .  # [ ф /BL g- A Tale of Two Cities... red by the CPU. Fd F  O `  : YLGewhirr FAe ŕ 5 A  N N B L  L  o M k 2J F /B   Z O ` ܏ L  LLe Then later, this text can be Fe F Lf& revised using a keyboard and vid  O `LDd1 The Story of a Couple Towns... Fd . ܏ A > N N  L Y L  M 2J F L } L 1LdLd-type- Fd F .LdLd Fd F . [ ф /B r  0 O ` P L ؐ LLewhich is stoerrors. Fb F g N   K O `  / K M ׎ ؐ M A ܏ N N 1 1 + Ȏ + /B  M Ð L Y L  I F C I F ܏ L c LLc# A computer can be used to input Fc F Lc text, Fc F , N  [ фL"bbun currekting Fb F LCb speling erors. F0b F  [ ф , L A b N N  LL|b Fzb F [ ф /B L A b N N  LLb Fb F [ ф /B LLbbeen correcting Fb F L c spelling Bs` ܏ L c LL9a# Recently, the computer has been Fa F Lja" finding a new use as an aid to FGa F La writing. Fxa F   O ` ܏ L f LLa# For as long as people have been Fa F La writing, they have Fa F bly line, skilled F_ F LH`& engineers were needed to decide what F!` F L|`% welds were needed where and to tell FV` F L` the computer how to do it. F` F 4` ʃ Ƀ ܏ As P N N L aa*cdd,ee:fgi^j F lN ,La /x Ȏ 1 "ML_ ML$_  M /B /B   K O `  / K M ׎ ܏ L c LL_" Although the computer is ideally Fb_ F L_ suited for performing simple, F_ F L_$ repetitive tasks like spot welding F_ F L` on an assemPL}D8 RL}D8 TL}D8 VL}D8 XL}D8 CZ 8 C 8 C C8 L}D8 C 8 C 8 C 8 C 8 L}D8 C 8 CO8 L}D8 L}D8 C 8 L}D8 L}D8 L}D8 C 8 L}D8 C 8 C 8 L}D8 L}D8 C 8 C 8 NL}D8 LELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELE8 CO8 JLbOOLbOTLbOYLE[LE]LbObLEdLEfLEhLEjLElLEnLEpLErLEtLEvLExLEzLE|LE~LELELELELELELELELbOLbOLELbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbO LbOLbOLbOLELELbO#LbO(LbO-LbO2LbO7LbOLE@LbOELbORLbOWLbO\LbOaLEcLbOhLbOmLbOrLbOwLbO|LE~LbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLELbOLbOLbOLELbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbO Fw F L6x% the spectrophotometer, scientists Fx F Lgx" are able to collect data auto- FDx F Lx" matically and get results much Fux F Lx faster. Fx F   O `  / M 9 ׎ ܏ L } LLy$ However, theA Δ N N ; # . L;w 1 LJw + g &ML^w m v MLrw |   Ɠ M E /B  M ; "MLw o [ ф /B-   O `  / M 9 ׎ ܏ L } LLx% By giving the computer control ofu F L*v video screen for viewing. F v F   2 O ` A- ܏ N N ; 2  r : YLzvwhirr Ftv ŕ 5 A Y N N ɓ  ݑ   Ȏ  ȑ /B j ˑ y M M E ܏ uwhirr Fu ŕ 5 ܏ L  F A b N N V L  L ܏ A f N N l # _O /B /B ܏ L F   O `  / M 9 ׎ ܏ L } LLu& Finally, the data can be output on Fu F Lu! paper using a plotter or to a F O `  / M 9 ׎ ܏ L } LLXt% The CPU then sorts the data using F2t F Lt the complex calculations and Fft F Lt# stores the newly sorted data in Ft F Lt memory. Ft F   2 O ` 2  r : YL N N  ݑ   Ȏ  /B o [ ф  M V L ؐ LL`s -FLASH- FQs F o [ ф L ؐ LLs Fs F 2  r : r YLswhirr Fs ŕ 5 A b N N V L  L ܏ A f N N l # _O /B /B  n Fq F ܏ L } LL>r# Within the spectrophotometer, a Fr F Lsr& light is flashed through a sample. FLr F Lr$ The resulting refraction data is Fr F Lr stored in memory by the CPU. Fr F   2 O ` ܏ M A B + M ݑ + E M ݑ + E 1 M y E 1 M 1 E M 1 ELn  L c LLpq Input device Fcq F  L f LLqMemory Fq F L LLqCPU Fq F ( L c LLqPlotter Fq F 1 L LLqVideo Fq F 1 L , LLrscree) ۓ Ȏ ԑ V M ɓ Ȏ ْ ɓ ْ Ȏ a ғ z ۓ Ȏ LTq  M . + + 1 Ȏ 1 + + 1 j Ȏ 1 : + + 1 Ó Ȏ 1 : + M y E Ȏ e ؐ M Ȏ Ȏ Ȏ a ؐ M m Ȏ ( m ( Ȏ ǒ X z Ȏ В V M ɓ  Ȏ ɓ Ȏ ˑ ғ nician Fm F L:n# hours or even days. A computer Fn F Lln# can do the calculations in just FHn F Ln minutes. Fzn F   K O `  / K M ׎ Lpp ܏ M  Ȏ Ȏ ) Fl F L0m refraction of a light shone Fm F LVm through the sample. F>m F   r O ` ܏ L , LLm" The measuring process involves Fm F Lm# complex calculations that would Fm F Ln$ take a highly trained techrs today. Fk F L:l Another big user is science. Fl F   K O `  / K M r ׎ ܏ L c LLl# A spectrophotometer is a device Fyl F Ll' that finds the chemical composition Fl F Lm of a sample by measuring theL+k# the ideas they present still come Fk F LHk from people. F9k F 4` ʃ Ƀ ܏ As P N N L kUlqmnrttuEvwx F lN ,Lk /Bs` ܏ L c LLk Businesses are certainly the Fk F L l% largest users of computewing uses of computers. Fi F  9 K w  Z r w   r O ` ܏ L , LLj% Note carefully that even though the Fmj F Lj# computer can be used to rearrange Fj F Lj% the words, the words themselves and Fj F   K O ` / K M ׎ ܏ L c LLWi! Using a computer to help people F5i F Li" write everything from letters to Fei F Li encyclopedias is called word Fi F Li" processing, and it is one of the Fi F Lj$ fastest gro FL to review F F L B L  FL7CTRL F2 F FLJ FH F  FL]B F[ F F ^ I FLto return to the index Fw F ` M E M E ˎ M E ˎ M E M E` & L D L : I F & L D L L I   Ȏ  ! Ȏ !  Ȏ a  M V L P LLuStorage Fm F L P LLCPU F F` Δ L ܏ L F L B L  FLȇCTRL FÇ F FLۇ Fه F  FLR F F F ^ I& FLRETURN F F o [ ф /B LL` ܏ AU \ N N  L = L "MLu Õ F L ܏ A_ Õ F N NL F F /B_  [ ф /BU` ؐ M r  Ȏ  r   Ȏ 9  Ȏ  z T c  w M E t M E` Δ L B L  F  FLVRETURN FO F F ^ I FL} to continue. Fp F H F lN ,L4 3I ML4 ܏ A  N N Δ L B L  "ML  FLRETURN F F F ^ I FLF  &ML)LIndex F F LV  "MLV  _OLE of F@ F  _O ܏ M K  Ȏ ϐ 0 # Ȏ  M` P A P Ԏ c N N 2 L F L  F /B` ܏ A ^ N N /B` T c 9 F H F lN ,Lȃ F M ύ F  &M MLƒ F ʏ M ύ F &M ML F sN ӏ D I Lƒ B L L  FLPress a key A, B, C, D, or E. F F Lނ F`` F  L F p lN c ! i L FL F computer is F F LB% in charge of providing this data. F F Lv% A computer can't print bills when FP F L you feed it poetry. F F 4` " T c M R E " T M R E  L R LL> F F f I . F F Z ~ Z w   r O `  / r M ~ ׎ ܏ L , LLv * The computer must be given FW F L% specific data to process, whether F F Lہ" it be sales receipts or poems. F F L$ The person using the  several things in common: F F   r O ` ܏ L , LLl! * The computer has to be told FJ F L% exactly what to do by a person. Fz F LӀ$ Computers can't think any more F F L! than typewriters can spell B N N L2;3 F lN ,L1 /Bs` ܏ L c LLf$ As you've just seen, computers are FA F L being used for many different Ft F L# things. In spite of this variety F F L! however, all computer uses have F F Lect. F} F  O L~    "ML[~LM~No. Try again. F=~ F L}   "ML~L~No. Try once more. Fl~ F L}L~The answer is F~ F I F F I FL~. F~ F " L R L F )  O ` ʃ Ƀ ܏ As  r OL}B F} }`  OL0}C F.} }`  ϐ OLM}E FK} }`  D OLj}D Fh} }`  OL}A F} } F lN ,L} 4`  B L L  F F lN ,L~ B L L  F 3I ML#~L~Corr vations F{ F L<| C Data organi- 3 Spectro- F| F Lj| zation/query photometer FJ| F L| D Control of 4 Automobile Fx| F L| machines assembly F| F L|$ E Calculations 5 Word processing F| F y on Fz F L({ which it depends. F{ F LU{ CAPABILITY USE F6{ F L{ A Symbol 1 Lumberyard Fc{ F L{# manipulation record keeping F{ F L{! B Sales data 2 Motel reser- F{ F L| collection N N L3z}<}Y}v} F lN ,L2z /Bs`  ܏ L c LLmz$ Each of the computer uses you have FHz F Lz# just seen depends on a particular F{z F Lz$ capability of the computer. Match Fz F L{% each use below to the capabilit programs for calcu- Fx F LKy& lating and collecting were written F$y F Ly% by people. Although the computer FYy F Ly# controls the spectrophotometer, Fy F Ly people control the computer. Fy F 4` ʃ Ƀ ܏ As his service now. F_ F `LH`& Although the computer is well suited F!` F Lz`# to performing these calculations, FV` F L`' the programs are quite sophisticated. F` F `L`' Yes. Most people in this country get F` F La paid by co F^ F `L6_$ It's possible if your library or a F_ F Li_$ nearby university has access to a FD_ F L_ computerized index of science Fw_ F L_ articles. F_ F `L_ Not really. Libraries and F_ F L`& universities offer t C8L}D8L}D8L}D8 C8 )L}D8 C+ 8 C/ 8 3L}D8 5L}D8 C7 8 C; 8 iL}D8 kL}D8 mL}D8 oL}D8 qL}D8 sL}D8 uL}D8 Cw 8 C 8 C ELELELELELELELELELELELELELELE8 CO8L}D8 C8 C8 C8 C8L}D8 C8 CO8L}D8L}D8L}D8mLEoLbOtLbOyLbO~LbOLELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELELLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbO LbOLbOLbOLbO LbO%LE'LbO,LbO1LbO6LbO;LbO@LbOELbOJLbOOLbOTLbOYLbO^LbOcLbOhLbOpLErLEtLbOyLE{LbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbO LbOLbOLbOLbOLE LbO%LbO*LbO/LbO4LbO9LbO>LbOCLbOHLbOMLbORLbOWLbO\LbOaLbOfLbOkLbOLELELbOLbOLbOLbOLELbOLbOLELbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLELbOLELbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOvLExLEzLbOLELELELELELbOLELbOLbOLbO#LbO(LbO-LbO2LbO7LbOlRnVj@.B6P824T|`,H F H I 7  I  I WLo ۍ 5 F lN ؍ "M F lN ؍ "M  M F lN ؍ "M  M``LaKLaK@@` !"@ @` 0p@P$` pX8xd. F F P L LL3One moment please... F F` BO lN h kLn e  D mD  M k I } I Y I " b I I  I L0L0 B I F H  I H F H L9L0 B I Fߊ H  I F` R L " L H F lN , ύ 3I M ML ܏ L Δ L  FLU FR F  FLmRETURN Ff F F ^ I FL to continue F F L` ܏ L ܏ L ܏ I F F F lN c ! i M L L F b L Δ LLis being loadez"#     ԮʠKԮ®ʠHԮʠ2Ԯʠ< Ԯʠ2ԮԮŠԮԠͺԮԮʠ" Ԯʠ6ԮʠJp? Fp F `` 6 F } L F  lN c (} i L FLDp FBp F ]{ | &MLqpLcpIndex F]p F Lp ]{ | "MLp ]{ _OLp of Fp F N{ _O | M j} { X} /| ~ | ~ J| +w } { O} /| ~ | ~ J| +w K~ M` { A { | c } N N o{ Lo F | M *{ F k &M MLAo F sN | D I F F | M *{ F } &M MLo ~ I FL{o Fyo F | A | N N V| "MLo , FLo F ~ A ~ N N K~ L w| L 0~ t| I F /B ~ | q /B  L } LLn` 9~ LLhange in our political system. Fm F ` ~ L | LLUn A) obvious and easy F;n F Ln B) possible but difficult Fcn F Ln C) a harebrained scheme Fn F Ln# Press a letter (A, B, or C) > Fn F` H F lN ym# Yes. The technology is available Fm F L[m% now, but it would mean a big change F5m F Lm in our political system. Fim F `Lm% Not necessarily. The technology is Fm F Lm$ available now, but it would mean a Fm F L n% big c*l% Right. We'd have to centralize all Fl F L^l% record keeping and that wouldn't be F8l F Ltl easy. Fll F `Ll" Although there are some problems Fl F Ll! with the idea, it also has some Fl F Ll benefits. Fl F ` m`L'es. The fate of the world should Fj F LUk# not be in the hands of an inhuman F1k F Lnk machine. Fck F `Lk# It's possible, but it wouldn't be F}k F Lk# easy. Our whole economy is based Fk F Lk on cash exchange. Fk F `Lhe Fi F Lj choices. Fj F `LQj$ Computers follow orders completely F,j F Lj# and stupidly. What if it makes a F_j F Lj mistake? Fj F `Lj% It's possible but what if the radar Fj F Lj malfunctions? Fj F `L#k$ Yt people Fh F L=i$ can use to help determine choices, Fi F Lli but people make the decisions. FKi F ` h`Li! Right you are. Computers can't Fi F Li% make decisions independently. They Fi F Lj only help people determine tes. You are doing it right now. Fg F `LWh% Well, it wasn't really very hard to F1h F Lh& write the program you are using now. Feh F `Lh# Gee! Aren't you having fun right Fh F Lh now? Fh F `L i& No. Computers are tools thar this kind of tedious, repetitive Ff F L:g task. F2g F `Lpg& It's not so difficult. Systems like FIg F Lg this are being used today. F~g F `Lg$ Actually, it's a pretty simple job Fg F Lg for a computer. Fg F `L"h# Ye`L,f$ The police use this kind of system Ff F L\f! right now. It would be a hare- F:f F Lf% brained scheme to steal a car since Fjf F Lf you'd be so easy to catch. Ff F `Lf$ Yes. Computers are ideally suited Ff F L$g& fo computer programs that play poker. Fe F `LYe# Although a huge amount of data is F5e F Le# needed, the program for searching Fge F Le& for a license plate number is pretty Fe F Le% simple. Such a system is used now. Fe F ` 2poker with Fc F L?d$ varying degrees of skill. Some of Fd F L`d them even cheat. FMd F `Ld# Although it may be ill-advised to Fod F Ld" play against a computer (they're Fd F Ld hard to bluff), there are many Fd F L&e$really. The space program would Fb F LSc" be impossible without computers. F0c F `Lc Yes. There are many computer Fbc F Lc programs that play poker. Fc F `Lc It's not so difficult. Many Fc F L d# computer programs play takes a lot of Fa F L>b effort to write the programs. Fb F `Lsb% Yes. Computers control many of the FMb F Lb! functions of spacecraft, but it Fb F Lb takes a long time to write the Fb F Lb programs. Fb F `L"c& Not mputerized payroll F` F L-a systems. F"a F `L\a Not really. People have used Fy H  } I  H FCy H .Lry9Lwy0 1} I Fpy H  } I  H Fuy H | I M Y I $ b I mLz 6{ K F lN 3{ "M ?{ F lN 3{ "M  M ?{ ǀ F lN 3{ "M  M``Lw F F  I FL$x to continue Fx F Lw` | L | L | I F F F lN c (} i ~ L 5 L F ~ L > LLxis being loaded. Fx F ~ L P LLxOne moment please... Fx F` | BO lN { {Lx } { { } { K~  # D mD K~ FLwto return to the index Fw F ` { M 2| E { M M| E | M M| E | M 2| E { M 2| E` f{ L x{ L t I F f{ L x{ } L } I F` | L k| L H F lN y *{ 3I  M ML2x | L > L FLw Fw F , FLwRETURN Frage Fu F 5 L ~ LL!vCPU Fv F` > L | L F G L 1} L , FLYvCTRL FTv F FLlv Fjv F , FLvR F}v F F  I FLv to review Fv F P L 1} L , FLvCTRL Fv F FLv Fv F , FLvB Fv F F  I{L2u | A\  F N NLu Fu F /B\ | { B~ | q /BR` } M } { T~ /| ]~ | f~ J| +w } { f~ /| ]~ | ~ J| +w ]~ { T~ /| ~ | f~ J| +w ]~ { f~ /| ~ | o~ J| +w s} { x~ /| ~ | ~ J| +w ~ { x~ /| ~ | ~ J| +w K~ M ~ L ~ LLvStoto continue. Ft F H F lN yLt 3I  MLt | A } N N > L 1} L | %} "MLt , FL{tRETURN Ftt F F  I FLt FLtRETURN Ft F ~ | q /B G LLt` | { | AR { N N _| L | L { | "MLu  F } k &M ML's F sN | D I  3I H Lq | L > L FLus& Control characters are illegal here. FNs F ` | L > L FLs! Too long...extra input ignored. Fs F `` > L 1} L F , FLsRETURN Fs F F  I FLt F lN yLs 3I  MLs ~ I M *{  F | "M MLr ~ I FLWr FUr F ~ I F  F | MLr  F sN | D  I LqLr Fr Lq F | &MLr K~ I F 9sLq  F lN { "MLr K~ I F sLq F F | M *{ F L | L F /B` | A | { N N /B` { C} c :} { { } { { C} c } { { M { E { { M { E`Lq Fq  | | k| L | L | A> { N NLq Fq F /B> k| L | L H Lq 3I Fq M *{ | | "M MLq } | J,A20486" '  DATA  t CORPORATION ~8  *******************N (4)"MAXFILES 1"e (115)256(116) (4)"BRUN LOMEM:":16385  (4)"BRUN APCOMLIT.FONT" 16384,0: .6502 (4)"BLOAD RUNTIME,A16385"(13)(4)"BRUN APCOMLIT.INIT.OB *********************#9 INTRODUCTION TOQ COMPUTER LITERACYW j  REVISION 1.5p BY DR. JOHN AIKIN$ AND. GREG STARLING8B THE EVERGREEN STATEL COLLEGEV` COPYRIGHT 1982 BY j CONTROL  L ,-` Leh8PhHQH`hbihciHHb\ȱb]`ߚl hhHHHH`L⥠`ʆ  hdheHdHHHH08  X Xhdhe + eHdHHHeHdH`   q% 0 L0`,wyywxzzx,Hyw wȄffȪ yw fh0`h&Hwyxzwy wy h Lh` ` ` ` 憅` ` ᥠQP` L  8e`LԩLcغh8uhHvH` L L L~ 憅 L ʊ8$!  W$Li)$` LY L   hPhQP 8ePQiHHš`hh PȱPʘHH` ,խwqq膸 J즸 , :hhlP,q`h8uhv] :  ڢ hgʆbcb KLf/q ߠ :۩q` S0 L,Hh*Mȱڦhwx%ȱH J hw0У8 ewwx𴰺 抦5?wtsʆwx8dedЕБt Z Z ,խvqq ", ȹ,ȹ ,W,qewix8 Z ZCBЍw U  yUUwyVxz`Зԥwyxz`ywzx`GH o8 UpVUVƠ UVUʆoph3]eУk ЮU 4Г U 5,wЅƩѤ wU! 5B=ooppȆbcĂbfUVd8ophLД8= 7MLdlkȄmn;op:E UUȥViлh8HH`Ї{y SՠUEowyywxzzxwIy:e \`fH,Hops8otpf,kiUliVU$f&łmUŁfbUȥcUUŭUVŮMvłGUŁ>UV2ЅUŕȱU喰!UUdUV0*UiUViVUmVnɊȢwU𧰸ХyyUU⥁œ.QP$  e LWHhL:5~    eȱeLaL LRwwxȆwxwHw Jhw`w5U,w`,hbhcbwȱbxcȘHH`wȄ wep`0CBe]Q=b`LicbbbE0`Ġ``MMLeڢD ! SL3LH h%LddЉ`?0 HH chh ޥ Yަ`н  eE   ࠰>Ffee0  &ߢEX$ƫv` ꥪLYDcbbwyȱbxz`ݥܦL+3UV UwȱUx`wUȥxU`Ncbbȱb`cbbȥb`cbbȱb8塅堅PEncbbȱbe HH`0S,,hdehUhVhhHHU hehHehUU HHk`UiȱUiuкe& & &eeHHqUȥqUeFdO݅܆`ycbbȱbƫ8pM䡥UȥUU +뺠ЧUV욥VHUHthhЁ HHf ㈱ۺQi e 纼 +뺊i  e HH`iiiHH`(bcbebbePE1b]  0  j=i<<=kbޙץ,,stHʈcbhH ʈpoophMm X RQtPsh`bhH     c{k;<fff>ffff>~~~ff>ff>6f)I$"! ,JI"B    00 Z< > `0 `f<8 >f<~`0 > 0 ɃLKxHHD+(DA/(Dq'  I)(H  p闠 y) 񗰐 z$ r0θ4KHH0t# p y0p 9G @0ɩL[hHHϸȸI^hHHoTDDɉɋɏZ $ H h .#` L}%J u H h d #` L Q ; #` Q #`#2 '( H() 1 eȱm)h`JJ`#JȱJLh `#  <(eΨ =)eϰ%Hh>?iJK̅  1& ')*& "'JJ) ""% m% ʥ0)J!m%! `JJJJS) PI ȄR%*QTU'T8ePT UeRU QJJJ`JJJJS) PI ȄR%*QTU'T8ePT UeRU QJJJ`00', "&,i8i#H&ii&hif&i'`'i, &i,. &iPII&&if&H !"hH8 H!S hIiHSQUhPTh !"IiR"fS8PQ% 8TeRTUU&E%0Q&&kS TePTUeQPفŴxaIL &WSP& )`" !H)&JJ&&h' &' &' f&') &'#i%0J$)` .Q&%0Q&&`$0JI0`'0% I`0 I0ܩ(ߠQ)'%01&*%0Q)&E%0*Q&&QeS)j           с t L LL$h Secret .. Fh F L LLIh Heart .. F>h F L ȇ LLjhThrobs Fch F ą { ׄ K {  L  LLhO O Fh F j M E ` M ͈ E ' M E L 4 LLi Televisby Fg F 4 L LL%gAlice Fg F  L  LLHgMcGixney F?g F  ΄ 0 { & M Ĉ E 0 M E 0 M E & M ' E 0 M E M E ч M ' E  L O LLgPrinting Fg F 7 [ {` ̀ g Fe F 7 [ {` ̀ с t O L  LLFfWAR FBf F O L  LLdfand F`f F 4 L \ LLfPEACE F~f F 4 L LLfby Leo Ff F  L LLfTolstoy Ff F  L LLfEdited Ff F O L ȇ LLg с t ΄ 0 { 0 M Ĉ E ! M E ! M ' E 0 M ͂ E ! M ' E M ' E ч M ͂ E A 9 N N L   ރ L A N N T # v y I FLe Fe F /B /B L O LLfPictorial Writin Fc F I FL&dAccording to a Fd F LJd story told by my F4d F Lod father's mother's FXd F Ld uncle's cousin's F}d F Ld brother's aunt... Fd F I F  L O LLdTalking Fd F 7 [ {` ̀ L LL0c! The computer is also the latest Fc F L]c innovation in the way people F>c F Lc& communicate and process information: Fkc F 7 [ {` } b + # p # b + # r ͂ M S E Ճ M j E ق L  LLd Fa F /B M A ق N N (  y    {   L   T  { /B M  L LLbAnd finally, the Computer Fb F w` t z t ق A N N Lbcdfgi F lN }Lb /B` قM Ă E M Ă E 4 L LL+aOOO OO F$a F ȇ L  L I FLTatoot! FNa F I F L ȇ LLaThe Steam Locomotive Fta F 7 f [ {` ̀ f с t 4 L \ LLaOOOOOO Fa F A N N 4 L  LLb...... {` ̀ f P t L r U { { ^ L { g p { B g ` L { M E M 9 E ` M 9 E 3 M E M ͈ E ڇ M Ă E M ͈ E X M Ă E M ͈ E s M Ă E ڇ ^ F 7 f [ {` ̀ f с t : C 9 A t N N  L LL`_ F]_ F  L ȇ LL|_ Fz_ F  c c {  c x {  L ȇ LL_OO F_ F P g u /B  L  LL_ The Wheel F_ F 7 f [ D8L}D8L}D8 C8L}D8L}D8L}D8 C8 !L}D8 C# 8 C' 8 +L}D8 -L}D8 C/ 8 C3 8 aL}D8 cL}D8 eL}D8 gL}D8 iL}D8 kL}D8 Cm 8 C 8 C zLEzLE{LE{LE{LE{LE{LE{ LE{ LE{LE{LE{LE{LE{LE{LE{LE{LE8 CO8L}D8 C8 C8 C8 C8L}D8 C8 CO8L}OzLbOzLbOzLbOzLEzLbOzLbOzLEzLbOzLEzLbOzLbOzLbOzLbOzLbOzLbOzLbOzLEzLbOzLbOzLbOzLbOzLbOzLEzLbOzLbOzLEzLEzLEzLbOzLEzLbOz$LbOz)LEz+LbOz0LbOz5LbOz:LbOz?LEzALbOzFLbOzKLbOzPLbOzULbOzZLEz\LEz^LbOzcLEzeLbOzjLbOzoLbOztLbOzyLbOz~LbOzLb0L@` g RgƖ8PgPQhQghe Ӣi  g y  gh^_8^eP^ȱ^ eQ^^_Ll8ePeQ`LLw 3I MLw  I M F "M MLv  I FLLv FJv F  I F F ւ MLv F sN ق D I LuLv Fv Lu F &MLv I F .wLu F lN D "MLv I F vwLu F F M F  &M M F /B` ق A j N N /B` c c { }  c c  M E  M E`Luu Ftu  : L ^ L ق AF G N NLu Fu F /BF : L ^ L H Lu 3I Fu M Ł "M MLu  F lN } M`` . F  L F { lN c  i L FL9t F7t F &MLftLXtIndex FRt F Lt "MLt _OLt of F}t F _O ق M K / { Z 8  { M` A ΁ c N N π L R L s I F` L ( LL"s F s F L . L ! I F L . L N I F`  M v A N N  E Æ  E ̆ A ق N N y T W C Ն I y E ކ { /B s v /B { M . c K E E n M . H E /Bs` AK c N N L / L ق AU N NLsr Fqr F /BU /BK`  "MLr L . LLr Fr F L . LLr Fr F L . L o I F L . L &Ls t I FL  ;  . ; E  4r L . L o I F L . L &Lgq t I FLpq I F ; "ML3r c c q t M . c K E t M . c K E t M . H E t M . H E ق As N N E n 1950s. Fo F 7 [ {` ق L  LLYp& During the last thirty years, use of F2p F Lp% the computer has grown by leaps and Fgp F Lp$ bounds. Today they are being used Fp F Lp! to solve all sorts of problems. Fp F w` s Fn F L3o! tables mechanically during Fo F LWo World War Two. FAo F 7 K [ {` ̀ K  с t ق L LLo$ These ideas all contributed to the Fo F Lo# modern computer which appeared in Fo F Lp the F 7 K [ {` ̀ K  с t ق L LLan% * Efforts to tabulate the United F;n F Ln" States Census of 1890 auto- Fon F Ln matically. Fn F 7 [ {` ق L  LLo& * Efforts to calculate ballistic L,m# calculators in the 1600s and Fm F LHm 1700s. F:m F 7 [ {` ق L LLm% * Efforts to build machines that Frm F Lm$ could weave patterns in cloth Fm F Lm" automatically in the 1700s. Fm 5 cents. Pay now! Fk F I F w` t z t ق A N N Lrlcmnnro#p F lN }Lql /B` ق L LLl Some of the seeds of today's Fl F Ll computers were: Fl F Ll$ * Efforts to develop mechanical Fl F E 4 L  L I FL0kHello, this is the Fk F O L \ LL_kComputerized Pay-Or- FJk F O L LLkElse Collection Fyk F O L LLkAgency calling long Fk F O L LLkdistance. You owe Fk F O L LLlus \ L \ LLjoooooo Fj F A N N \ L  LLIj...... FBj F /B M A ق N N  y   ͅ  { y  L    { /B f ځ L LLj The Computer Fj F M E s M Fion Fh F M E ֈ M 0 E L \ L I FLPiWe'll return to F@i F L LLziour story after Fji F L LLi 5 minutes of Fi F L LLi commercials. Fi F I F 7 [ {` ̀ с t P @POOP P P P PLDPBRUN APCOMLIT.0.OBJ,A20486 F)P P P I P H F P L P LLsPCH$= FmP F P F LaKLaK  OLbOOLbOPLbOPLbOPLEPLEPLE8 CO8 CO8L}DD8 nL}D8 pL}D8 rL}D8 tL}D8 Cv 8 C 8 L}D8 C 8 C8 C8 C8L}D8 C8 CO8L}D8 C8L}D8L}D8L}D8L}D8 C8 C$ 8 C( 8 ,L}D8 .L}D8 0L}D8 C2 8 C6 8 dL}D8 fL}D8 Ch 8 lL}LE}LE}LE}LE}LE}LE}LE}LE}LE}LE}LE}LE}LE}LE~LE~LE~LE~LE~ LE~ LE~ LE~LE~LE~LE~LE~LE8 CO8L}D8 CbO}{LbO}LbO}LE}LbO}LbO}LbO}LbO}LE}LbO}LbO}LE}LbO}LbO}LbO}LbO}LbO}LbO}LbO}LbO}LE}LbO}LbO}LE}LE}LE}LE}} LbO}LE}LbO}LbO}LE} LbO}%LbO}*LE},LbO}1LbO}6LE}8LbO}=LbO}BLbO}GLbO}LLbO}QLbO}VLbO}[LbO}`LE}bLbO}gLbO}lLbO}qLbO}vL\LbOfLbOOLbOpLbOuLbOzLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbOLbO}LE}LE}LbO} LE A N N / q  ; q M w w D Y M q  q M w V w 8 Y /B M L C LL^Printer Fy^ F A C N N  "ML^L^ Ms. Smith F^ L^$169.45. F^ L^Send $$ F^ L'_L^ Mr. Jones F^ L _e end of each month. F\ F LE] It sorts all the records out F$] F Lx]$ according to customer and prints FS] F L] a bill for each one. F] F : $` ϊ ݒ A N N m L ܓ q L w Г i M  2J F /B M what, F[ F L7\ just like a shoe box full of F\ F LS\ receipts. FE\ F : v $` : { v  ; L LL\ Another program written by a F\ F L\! programmer for the lumberyard F\ F L]$ is run at thL%[ Better order some more. F[ F o  M  Y : v $` O { v  ; L LL[! At the end of each month, the F[ F L[$ storage consists of a collection F[ F L\% of records about who bought that keeps track of the FY F LKZ" materials on hand as sales are F(Z F L|Z" made and tells the clerks what FYZ F LZ to order. FZ F LZ DANGER! DANGER! FZ F LZ" You're almost out of 2x4's! FZ F ou FX F L!Y owe us. FY F L@Y Yours, F2Y F LkY Lone Pine Lumber Yard FNY F o  x M  & Y : v $` : { v  ; L LLY" Finally, there might even be a FY F LZ# program LL,X" Another program keeps track of F X F L`X% payments as they are received and F:X F LX sends letters to past-due FnX F LX accounts. FX F LX Dear Mr. Wilson, FX F LY! Please pay the $237.68 y % L  L wL(W  F tL@WL2W-type- F+W F  t L  L i M 2J F /B  e ӓ LWwhirr F~W G ӓ T ݒ A N N m L ܓ q L w Г i M  2J F /B : v $` O { v  ; L  C L C LL&Vmation about each FV F C L U LLUVpurchase in storage. F@V F  $` ϊ LVi 9/2/82 Smith saw and nails 9/2/82 Doaks pipe stretcher9/3/82 Jones metric pliers FyV k t A N N LL UHi! F U F L L  F f e LFU-type- F?U G d T C L  LLUThe CPU uses a program FoU F C L ( LLU(written by a person) FU F C L : LLUto record the infor- FU F f Ǔ on a charge basis. Each FS F LPT' time a customer comes in, a list of F(T F LT# the supplies being purchased is F^T F LT' entered into a terminal by a clerk. FT F : $` L  L I F ͖ I F L L-S% billing charge-account customers FS F LOS at a business. F;S F : v $`  { v v ; L LLS# The Lone Pine Lumber Yard sells FS F LS$ building supplies to its regular FS F LT& customers ZL R  3I y ML R Z ] M - ] a &M MLQ` A}  N N D L RjSTpV[[n\]WYE`=ab  F lN KLR /B}` L LLR$ Now let's look at an example of FR F LR# an everyday use of a computer: FR F H 8 . I 6 H 8 ђ BO "MLIQL8Q .OBJ,A20486 3I F,Q H I F I F I H F ۑ Z KLQ Examples of Computer Uses FQ 8 ] L!rMv}ARb G   3I o M -  3I M MLQ ]  ZL R  3I T ML R  WPH @OOP [ pQ ђ BOLBPL7PRUN F2P LSPLKPBRUN FEP ] "MLPLoP APCOMLIT.0 3I FdP H LPThe main index FP 8LQLP APCOMLIT.1B 3I FP H LPThe second part of FP 8 . I 6 H 8LPExamples 6 3I FP                          F] F `  N !  ` ג o G ̔ 0 Z L p LLO^de doobie do... F?^ F E  N ! R D lN `  o G ̔ 0 Z L LL^ Shake it... F^ F `  N !  ` ג o G ̔ 0 Z L LL^ Shake it... F^ F I I F E L M LL] F ] F /B L p LL2] F-] F I I FLT] Play a little FF] F Ls] funky disco Fb] F L] for me, Robot. F] F I I F M E 1 M W E 1 0 M  E y M ^ E Q L L L I I FL^ Be bop... ll me F[ F L"\ the sum. F\ F I I F M E 1 M W E 0 Z L L I I FLz\ 3+7 equals Fo\ F l L LL\ 10, Alice. F\ F I I F M  E y M ^ E @ _ {` @  -  A ʖ N N ʖ whatever incomplete or silly orders FZ F LC[ we give them. F3[ F 3 ۑ T J ۑ @ T J @ _ ֓ {` <  3 ! M E  N ! ג `  o G L p LL[ F[ F I I FL[Robot, add 3+7 F[ F L\ and te_-bc F lN L Z /B` L LLWZ& Since computers do exactly what they F0Z F LZ% are told, they never make their own FeZ F LZ# mistakes. Instead, they make our FZ F LZ% mistakes; they faithfully carry out FZ F L%[% L LL6Y% Unfortunately, Alice forgot to tell FY F LgY" her robot to go around any brick FDY F LY! walls that might be in the way! FuY F M H E M E  L p LLYRats! FY F ` )  ( A N N & L!Z[\LL XCRASH! FX F A N N Ô BO lN t /B  0 L ʖ LLYX FRX F A ܖ N N Z L M LLX FX F /B @ _ {` @  -   A N N L M LLX FX F /B L L I I FL'WYour wish is my FW F  L LLNWcommand, Alice. F>W F I I F  0 L LLyW FwW F L LLW FW F L LLW FW F ג o A Z N N 3 !  ` G  l o 0 /B L ʖ M Ӗ E M E U M E Ô M @ _ ē {` $ M - E l M ( E L  LLcV F_V F I I FLVRobot, go over to that FwV F LV tree and pick me an FV F LV apple. FV F I I F  0 ( M E 6 M ݕ E FT F ۑ y T J L Ô LLUU% The Story of Alice McGixney and Her F/U F LU# Computerized, Apple-Picking Robot FcU F @ y ۑ T J @ ۑ T J @  ' ! M  3 ! ג `  o G * ؃ M M Ӗ E U FS F L4T# determines what we human beings FT F LYT can and cannot do. FBT F ͓ ֓ ۑ T J @ _ {` @  - ͓  L LLT$ The nature of computers is to do FT F LU exactly what they are told. mputers can and cannot do. FR F @ _ ē {` L  LLlS% It's important to understand that FFS F LS& it is the nature of computers that FzS F LS% dictates what they can and cannot FS F LT do, just as our own nature8VX F lN LR /B` L LLQR" The first two sections of this F.R F LR& lesson showed you some examples of F_R F LR# how computers are used and gave FR F LR& you some practice at deciding what FR F LS coe Nature of Computers FP LQY}dIny} G  "MLTQ mD 3I a M ǐ 3I M MLQ  LQ 3I % MLQ  LQ 3I k MLQ ג Ԓ M ǐ $M MLQ` )  ( A  N N & LR7STPJI @OOOP _ F lN ,LR /Bs` ܏ L c LL( H LQExamples 3I F Q H I H BO "MLhQLWQ .OBJ,A20486 _ 3I FKQ H a ܏ I F b I F c I _ H F F LQCH$= FQ F _ F LaK 9  r LQ Examples of Computer Uses FQ 0  LWkR`y~ G PF @喭OOP < Q BOLBPL7PRUN F2P aLSPLKPBRUN FEP a  * MLPLoP APCOMLIT.0 _ 3I FdP H aLPThe main index FP L6QLP APCOMLIT.1 _ 3I FP H a 0 LPThe first part of FP BOLP | | L  L A| } MLU A| |} MLT A| L \D]]^__``9aaJbbL1U } ;| L _ccld2efff FR F L6S% about an idea for using a computer. FS F LfS! You decide whether the proposed FDS F LS computer use is FtS F LS * obvious and easy. FS F LS * possible but difficult. FS F LT * a hu` | L a} LL9R$ Now that you've seen some examples FR F LjR" of how computers are being used, FGR F LR& let's have a dialogue about computer FxR F LR uses. FR F } h| s} | w` | L ~ LLS" In this activity, you'll be toldP ]{ } "MLQ QL7Q #T ]{ H{ "ML7Q 1}  | mD G { 3I  M *{ 3I K M MLoQ ]{ } Z{LQ 3I ǀ MLQ } W{ Z{LQ 3I MLQ | Z{LQ ]{ | M *{ ]{ H{ $M MLQ` p *v p | Au } N N &| LRR F lN yLR /BP0 @OOP x PL2PThe main index F#P | BOLfPL[PRUN APCOMLIT.0 FLP wLPLPBRUN APCOMLIT.0.OBJ,A20486 FiP w 3x | I F ~ I F a} I u H F 6 F } L } L u F LaK } Z{ j} K{LP Limitations of Computers F                 E B F M ͈ E K F M E W F M 9 E B F M E  F M E F M 9 E ( F M ń E 1 F M r E ` F M  E i F M F E  F M E B F M ͈ E K F M E F M 9 E /B M  L O LL^ Stone Axe F  с t ق L LL@]$ The computer is just the latest in F] F Lq]" a long evolution of human tools: FN] F  M A ق N N  F M E F M Ĉ E  F M ' E 0 F M E  F M E F M 9 E  F M E  F ME e M | E  g u  A N N * L  L F /B E A ~ N N  + # p g u /B A  N N k  + s /B L ȇ L I FL\Oops! F\ F I F ' M ` E M E 7 K [ {` ̀ K # p M  E < M s E A N N K  # 8   + # p  "ML[ L  , LL[ F[ F M  E < M s E /B E L  L I FL[Ahhh! F[ F i L \ LL[Success! F[ F I F M N    E ڇ M    E  g u /B ; 4r 8  A N N   + # p g u /B 8 #   4r P  + # p  M E M  E Y b K 4r G  + "ML8Y I FL$Y tap...tap FY F I FLY  "MLpY I FL\Y saw...saw FRY F I FLY   "MLY I FLYhammer...hammer FY F I FLY I FLYThis should do the job. FY F I F M 3 E  M s E M E M = E w M S E " M E X M E X M E  M S E s M E M = E ` M = E ȇ L LLXBING! FX F  g u ̃ Z f 4r  L 4 L I F  L  L o I F A 9 N N ق L L F L LLW F W F I FL6Wor this brick wall F#W F L[W a little shorter... FDW F I F n M 3 E M s E J g u P K 4r A  N N  D  + # r g u /B  L ȇ L W I F & M = #  r g u /B ق L LL1V F.V F I FLTVI need to make FEV F LvV myself taller... FbV F I F M 3 E  M s E J g u / K 4r  A N N   + # p g u /B ق # p  Ƀ "ML3U L  LL+U F)U F /B g u ILU O L L I FLfUhmmm FaU F I F n M 3 E M s E  g u / 4r /B ;  + #  r A  N N  D  + F O L L I FL!THuh? FT F I F n M 3 E M s E  g u / 4r A ق N N A  N N ;   + # p  "MLT L  , LLT FT F /B ȇ A  N N ;  + I was strolling in FS F L7S the park one day. F"S F I F M 3 E  M s E J g u # K 4r 4 A N N   + # p g u /B L  LLSBUMP! FS F g u L  LLS FS F lN }LR /B` 8 ق L LLPR People build tools to solve F0R F LlR problems: F^R F Xs ق M M  E A M  E M + E A M + E M   + # p 7 [ {` ق L LLR FR F I FLSere Computers Came From FP LQb,l G "MLNQ  ق mD 3I M 3I C M MLQ LQ 3I MLQ LQ 3I  MLQ M B &M ML!Q` t z t ق A N N LRR\_`aP: @銭OOP _LbOLbO LbOLbOLbOLbOLbO#LbO(LbO-LbO2 @ d0Dv:tV,PbHh6/H ! # >K?J"z i z @`@"b `#@@P`p0$ e0XPH8x% `(HF`|ft&`nR|jxT\ ȇ I I 0 I 4 I  I L5}0L:}0 9 I F3} H  I H F8} H &Lg}9Ll}0 9 I Fe} H  I H Fj} H I E ߈ I  I eL} C F lN "M  F lN "M  M F lN "M  M``LaKLaK@ I FL| to continue F | F L{` ق L ق L ق I F F F lN c  i L O L F L LL|is being loaded. Fy| F L LL|One moment please... F| F` BO lN L| Y  D mD M I eturn to the index Fz F ` M E M E M E M E M E` À L ؀ L 3 I F À L ؀ L ` I F` ^ L : L H F lN } 3I M ML'| ق L L FL{ F{ F $ FL{RETURN F{ F F F O L LLzCPU Fz F` L ق L F L 9 L $ FLNzCTRL FIz F FLaz F_z F $ FLtzR Frz F F I FLz to review Fz F L 9 L $ FLzCTRL Fz F FLz Fz F $ FLzB Fz F F I FL{to r щ F N NLy Fy F /Bs b g u /Bi`  M օ  ߅ { ߅   {  օ r ߅ {  ߅ r { p W { p  { M L LLyStorage Fy . Fw F H F lN }Lx 3I MLx ق A  N N L 9 L  "MLx $ FLpxRETURN Fix F F I FLx FLxRETURN Fx F g u /B LL x` b ق Ai N N L . L e "MLx щ F bL'y ق AsLw F sN D I 3I H Lu ق L L FLjw& Control characters are illegal here. FCw F ` ق L L FLw! Too long...extra input ignored. Fw F `` L 9 L F $ FLwRETURN Fw F F I FLx to continueY F L2Z$ how you are affected by the change F Z F LcZ" depends on your role in society. F@Z F | d{ | p{ } 4{ p | { | | &w` f| L +~ LLZ$ Here are some examples of computer FZ F LZ% uses. You decide who might benefit FZ L } LL1Y" As you see, new tools change our FY F LHY lives. F?Y F Us` o u o f| As | N N { LYZ  F lN MyLY /Bs` f| L | LLY& The computer is also going to change FY F LY% our society. When society changes, F L|V /} L X~ L  FL+X It's the T.V. FX F LmX /} L X~ L  FLbXYes. That's right. FNX F /} L a~ LLX Television has allowed people to F|X F LX# stay at home for entertainment. FX F | { | | &w` | z | { | { np f| M z v 3I FV M M z v 3I FV M M z v 3I FV M M z v 3I FV M ML9X /} L X~ L { r| { { ~| "MLX { o| "MLWLWWhat is replacing the cinema? FW F L|V { | "MLXLWYou're probably looking at one. FW FLL.V& What invention has changed us from FV F LXV a nation of moviegoers? F FrV F | { | | J} C{ q  F lN MyLXLV TELEVISIONLVTVLVTHE TELEVISIONLVTHE TVLVT.V.LVT V v 3I FV M z v 3I FV Mle! FT F ~ L F~ L  FLTU /} L X~ L  FLIURight you are! F:U F f| L a~ L  FLU$ The automobile enables people to FiU F LU% travel much farther in less time. FU F | { | | &w` E| { | z | { | { np f| L } FS M M z v 3I FS M M z v 3I FS M ML%U /} L X~ L  F { r| { { ~| "MLT { o| "MLTLTHow do most people get to work? F{T F LMS { | "MLTLT"Why can people travel farther now? FT F LMSLUIt was the automobito live far away from the place FR F LES that they work? > F/S F 8} { | | A} C{ q  F lN MyLULS AUTOMOBILELSAUTOLSCARLSTHE AUTOMOBILELSTHE CARLSTHE AUTO v 3I FxS M z v 3I FS M M z v 3I FS M M z v 3I ` f| L | LL7R$ When people use a tool, the use of FR F LeR the tool changes the society. FER F | { | | &w` E| { f| L } LLR& What invention created the suburbs FR F LR$ by making it possible for people FR F L!S# P ( z LQWYB[_ek G { z z "ML:Q }  f| mD  3I  M z  3I  M MLlQ z r| zLQ  3I D MLQ u| z zLQ  3I  MLQ E| z z B| M z z | &M MLQ` o u o f| As | N N { LRRUX  F lN MyLR /BsPi0 @nOOP ]x PL2PThe main index F#P ( -| BOLfPL[PRUN APCOMLIT.0 FLP LPLPBRUN APCOMLIT.0.OBJ,A20486 FiP  w f| I F a~ I F | I  H F  F /} L /} L  F LaK u| z | zLP How Computers Affect Us F             !!! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!""" " " " L}D8L}D8 C8L}D8 L}D8 L}D8 C 8 BL}D8 CD 8 CH 8 LL}D8 NL}D8 CP 8 CT 8 L}D8 L}D8 L}D8 L}D8 L}D8 L}D8 C 8 C 8 C EcLEeLEgLEiLEkLEmLEoLEqLEsLEuLEwLEyLE{LE}LELE8 CO8L}D8 C8 C8 C8 C8L}D8 C8 CO8L}D8)LE+LE-LE/LE1LE3LE5LE7LE9LE;LE=LE?LEALECLEELEGLEILEKLEMLEOLEQLESLEULEWLEYLE[LE]LE_LEaLLbOLbOLbOLELELbOLbOLELbOLELELE LE LE LELELELELELELELELELE!LE#LE%LE'LEL a~ LLj. Yes. F j F LGj# They could reach an expanded F#j F Lwj! audience, but only if they FUj F Lj& adapted to electronic delivery. Fj F | { } | &w` | z } { } { np f| L a~ LL k 4) Retail businesso. They would probably find a Fh F LSi$ smaller audience, hence lower F.i F Lqi profits. Fai F | { } | &w` | z } { } { np f| L a~ LLi# 3) Newspaper publishers (Y/N)? Fi F } { } | n  F lN MyLj ~ L,h$ would be at their fingertips. Fh F | { } | &w` | z } { } { np f| L a~ LLh! 2) Commercial TV broadcasters Fkh F Lh (Y/N)? Fh F | { | | n  F lN MyLi | L a~ L  FLh. Fh F L i& Ng& libraries, shopping by catalog, even Fg F L]g$ direct voting on political issues. F8g F Lg Who might benefit? Fng F Lg 1) Consumers (Y/N)? Fg F e} { } | n  F lN MyLFh ~ L a~ LLg. Yes. The world Fg F N N { L.fGhij  F lN MyL-f /Bs` f| L | LLbf$ Computers could be used with cable F=f F Lf television to build a two-way Fpf F Lf$ communication system through which Ff F Lf# people would have access to news, Ff F L*Fd F L/e prior criminal records or Fe F L^e activities the companies' F=e F Le% management doesn't like. This Fle F Le is a way of misusing a Fe F Le computer. Fe F Us` o u o f| As | F 8} { } | n  F lN MyLe s~ L O~ LLMd. Many would benefit, F6d F Ld& but some companies might misuse F[d F Ld computers to Fd F | I FLd blacklist Fd F | I F Le% potential employees because of L%c target advertising more Fc F LWc# effectively, and by avoiding F3c F L{c the hiring of Fec F | I FLctroublemakers. Fc F | I F | { } | &w` | z } { | { np f| L O~ LLc 3) Workers (Y/N)? FcF Lb preferences. F b F | { } | &w` | z } { | { np f| L O~ LLwb 2) Businesses (Y/N)? F]b F \} { } | n  F lN MyLc ~ L O~ LLb. Yes. Businesses Fb F Lb% would benefit by being able to Fb F La 1) Consumers (Y/N)? Fa F e} { } | n  F lN MyL8b ~ L O~ LLka. Yes. This data FXa F La# could be used to personalize Fya F La$ advertising and news to match Fa F La people's interests and Fa yL` /Bs` f| L | LL<` Computers could be used by F` F Ln`# businesses to record all sorts of FJ` F L`% data about people's personal lives. F|` F L`& Who might benefit from such a use of F` F L` computers? F` F | &w` | z A} { | { np f| L |~ LLE_ 4) Consumers (Y/N)? F,_ F e} { A} | n  F lN MyL_ ~ L |~ LL_. Yes. They would F~_ F L_ have greater convenience. F_ F Us` o u o f| As | N N { L`9bc  F lN M have to find new jobs. F] F | { | | &w` | z | { | { np f| L j~ LLs^ 3) Businesses (Y/N)? FY^ F \} { | | n  F lN MyL_ ~ L j~ LL^. Yes. They would F^ F L^ have no bounced checks. F^ F | { A} They would F\ F LA]$ probably make higher profits. F] F | { } | &w` | z } { | { np f| L X~ LL] 2) Bank tellers (Y/N)? F] F S} { } | n  F lN MyL4^ ~ L X~ L  FL]. No. They would F] F L^ ly without checks or cash. F[ F LM\" In the following list, who might F*\ F Lv\ benefit from such a use? F[\ F | d{ } p{ | 4{ p f| L F~ LL\ 1) Bankers (Y/N)? F\ F 8} { | | n  F lN MyL[] s~ L F~ L  FL]. Yes.F L[ and who might not. F [ F | d{ | p{ | 4{ p Us` o u o f| As | N N { L[\]5^_  F lN MyL[ /Bs` f| L | LL[$ Computers could be used to conduct F[ F L[" all financial transactions elec- F[ F L\$ tronical XPH(H`,PbRH!"  ?{|~_LbOLbO LbOLbOLbOLbOLLy0 | I Fy H " | I  H Fy H 2 9| I  ~ I  ~ I Ly z  F lN z "M z  F lN z "M  M z D F lN z "M  M``LaKLaK@ `@"@`  `@0Pp8 F a~ L ~ LL%xis being loaded. Fx F O~ L ~ LLTxOne moment please... F?x F` -| BO lN %{ ({Lx u| "{ O{ u| { }  ~ D mD } M j~ I  s~ I < X~ I  a~ I  ~ I F | I Lx0Lx0 | I Fx H " | I  H Fx H Ly9L ~ I F z L { r| L ~ I F` | L { L H   F lN My z  3I  M MLw f| L ~ L  FLvw Fsw F  FLwRETURN Fw F 0 F  I FLw to continue Fw F L&w` f| L f| L f| I F : F & F lN c | i } L ~ L &F  FLvR F v F 0 F  I FL3v to review F)v F ~ L | L  FLXvCTRL FSv F 0 FLkv Fiv F  FL~vB F|v F 0 F  I FLvto return to the index Fv F ` { M { E { M { E { M { E { M { E { M { E` z L { { ~ { v } { } { ~ { } { v } { } { ~ { } { v | { } { } { ~ { v } { } { "~ { } { v } M } L O~ LLuStorage Fu F ~ L O~ LLuCPU Fu F` ~ L f| L : F ~ L | L  FLuCTRL Fu F 0 FLu Fu tRETURN Ft F 0 F  I FLGt 0 FL6tRETURN F.t F } | p /B ~ LLs` E| X{ f| AP { N N { L | L [{ B| "MLt V F u| X{Lt f| AZ V F N NLt Ft F /BZ E| X{ } | p /BP` /} M | { } { } { } { v | { } { } }  BOLs } I F  FLHs! Too long...extra input ignored. F&s F `` ~ L | L  F  FLwsRETURN Fps F 0 F  I FLs to continue. Fs F H   F lN MyLUt  3I  MLUt f| A | N N ~ L | L $| | "ML%t  FLL!r v F sN f| D v I xLVqL%r F$r xLVq  F N| &MLJq v F lN @{ "ML[r rLJq  F  F Z| M z  F ~ &M MLr  F sN Q| D I  v 3I  H xLVq f| L ~ L  FLr& Control characters are illegal here. Fr F ` f| L ~ L s{ E`L q F q x E| { { L | L f| A< F{ N NL=q F;q F /B< { L | L H Laq  3I F_q M z { B| "M MLVq u| {  F lN MyLTs  3I  MLTs } I  M z v F 6| "M ML0r } I FLq Fq F } I F v F c| MB| "ML+p z _OLp of Fp F z _O f| M } { | { 4~ { n} { v | { | { =~ { w} { v } M` { A { { c u| N N z L { L  F /B` f| A | |{ N N /B` g{ | c | d{ s{ | p{ 7{ | c | 4{ g{ M s{ E g{ 1{ MFn MLoLon  3I Fo ML6oL+oN F)o LoL;oN  3I F9o MLo | L ~ L  FLoType Y for yes or N for no. Fco F { L | LLn``  F | L & F  lN c | i L & FLo Fo F z B| &MLoLoIndex Fo F L+p z We need not Fm F L