' +JJJJ ?\>m0M='+l> /+l   d]@ŵLҦ]]LF L}BBL] X  ` 鷎귭෍ᷩ췩緈JJJJx Lȿ L8ᷭ緍췩 緍i 8 `巬 췌`x (`(8`I`B` `77`>J>J>VU)?`8'x0|&HhHh VY)'&Y)xꪽ)' `Hh`V0^*^*>&` aI꽌ɪVɭ&Y&&Y& 꽌ɪ\8`&&꽌ɪɖ'*&%&,E'зɪЮ꽌ɪФ`+*xS&x'8*3Ixix&& 8  '  & x)*++`FG8`0($ p,&"ųųೳŪŪųųij  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?   1 '" *"( (9"1 ( ,.(0# 2  /#0/#0 *?'#07#00/0/'#07#0:"4<*55/**5/*%5/)1/)1/)1/)'#0/#0*5/**5/**5/*:5//#0/#0'#07#0:::*::'#07#0"):$(%"%:$(%"%$$2%4%$$2%4%$(2()!)E(!8b $!H(+ "@H !D)"E` @ $ C ` DQ &J80^݌Hh ü ü݌ ռ ռ ռA ļD ļ? ļAEDE?HJ>h Լ ռ ռ ռ`HJ>݌h Hh݌`葠葠ȔЖȔЖȠHIHHHHhHH݌hHhHh݌H6 VDP (ED Z $0x8x D- ܸDD$ H8`?E Vk *f???0xE Hh D#-EEE8` D ܸx D - ܸx8`-0ݩ?ʥD EEE`   LDcpq` [` ~  LӜu`".Q`pNФbptťܥm2<(-Py0\|e<6e<g< JJJJj귍hI  aUL@ kU8  L  Q^R(jQ0l^l\  wUuW ԧ H h@ [_ /QSIRb_L`LLLL`ª`LQLYLeLXLeLee ўQH\(h0L& Ꝥ$`( R \ZLl8 ўR HH\`\Z[YS6`LxQɿu3'RͲʎRʎ]]]ɍuL͟ɍ}RLRɍg^H8 ^hZLɍR LͲɊRR% QLܤͲ Z@ -^ ş\[Z QY\[Z8`l6Lş_Ȍb_Ͳ] )Y h( ֭ͲLɍ [LLĦ__ ^ 9 LҦ3 9 a   0LjLY u< (_9 ˭ɠuɠK_9 ?LˆʎõĵL õ ĵµ aµ`` L̦µ_bJLuLz`  ȟ QlXJ̥KlV  ȟ QlV eօ3L e3L &RL &QL d L4 Ne)n `@-eff L f`L . tQLѤ LҦL` OPu d L Ne)noon 8ɍ` ^f\õL ^NR  RΩLҦ)\Z ʽ LHv 3h`0h8` [L NС õ`A@` ŵL^Lõ`  \ 濭0 \  ȟ Q ^\lZl^?cqH şch`fhjõĵ@OAP`u@`@&`QR`E Ls  @DAE@u`8` %@ @A@`@`@A`Mµ ) LЦ`8@AWc@8@-@HAȑ@hHȑ@ȑ@hHȑ@Ȋ@ch8&ȑ@Hȑ@Ah@LHȑ@ȑ@ htphso`hMhL`9V8U897T6S67`INILOASAVRUCHAIDELETLOCUNLOCCLOSREAEXEWRITPOSITIOOPEAPPENRENAMCATALOMONOMOPRINMAXFILEFINBSAVBLOABRUVERIF!pppp p p p p`" t""#x"p0p@p@@@p@!y q q p@  LANGUAGE NOT AVAILABLRANGE ERROWRITE PROTECTEEND OF DATFILE NOT FOUNVOLUME MISMATCI/O ERRODISK FULFILE LOCKESYNTAX ERRONO BUFFERS AVAILABLFILE TYPE MISMATCPROGRAM TOO LARGNOT DIRECT COMMANč$3>L[dmx-(# @7Ϡ@跻~!Wo*9~~~~ɬƬ~_ j ʪHɪH`Lc (L ܫ㵮赎 ɱ^_ J QL_Ls贩紎 DǴҵԵƴѵӵµȴ 7 ַ :ŵƴѵǴҵȴµ納贍﵎ٵ്ᵭⳍڵL^ѵ-I #`  4 ò-յ!  8صٵ紭ﵝ 7L (0+BC  7L HH`LgL{0 HH` õL H hBL BH [ h`Lo õ ڬL B ڬ LʬH hB@ յյ [L (ȴ) ȴ 7L L ( L (ȴL{ƴѵ洩ƴǴҵ 7 ^* B0 HȱBh ӵԵ 8 L8 ݲ` ܫ  / / ED B / / ]ƴS0Jȴ ȴ)  紅D贅E B ƴ  / 0L Ν `HD٤DEEhiHLGh ` ŵBѵ-` ѵB-` ܫ XI볩쳢8 DH E𳈈췍Ȍ X0 · JLǵBȵC`,յp` 䯩 R-յյ`յ0` K R-յյ`ɵʵӵԵ` 4 K ( ѵҵLBȱBL8` DBHBH : ַ޵BȭߵBhhӵԵ RBܵmڵ޵ȱBݵm۵ߵ` 䯩LR˵̵ֵ׵`êĪLR E( 8` R` ELRŪƪ`췌 յյI뷭鷭귭ⵍ㵍跬ª 뷰` Lf ݵܵߵ޵ ^`8ܵ i B8` 4L ֵȱB׵ ܯ䵍൭嵍 ` DȑB׵Bֵ  ַ յյ`굎뵎쵬 뵎쵌``õĵBCõĵ`µµ`L õBĵCصص Qƴ0"Bƴ 󮜳` 0۰ϬBƴ8`i#`ЗLw!0>ﵭ` m ﳐ 7i볍 8 ЉLw`H h ݲL~ `浍국䵍뵩嵠Jm赍嵊mjnnn浈ۭm浍浭m䵍䵩m嵍`"L ŵ8ŵH ~(` d ֠z# u`2:::114:K1:::k=244:5:1:"FOR YOU:";:20:1:"DO YOU LIKE THESE CHOICES? ";:219:K$"Y"İ149:v=147:=T0ı=A0İ52:=A1İ54:==T30T1W11==T31ġ=>B$(124)(125)(126):C$":,"(34):D523:3:(15);:,<I02:C%(T1,I)0ĂI:h<" ";P$(I,0);" ";P$(I,1);:36,37:H1$(C%(T1,I)):I:<JJ198:K11:114:K10D%(T1)1:D0:3:D14:D;". ";:3:D::Z99ĺ"TIMED OUT ";:226<"ANSWER GIVEN: ";Z9;=" CORRECT ANSWER: ";X":E23:M19:ST$"Press P or RETURN.":40L;17:K$"P"K$(13)İ45:215R;;S$" "ST$" ":(S$,33);:S$" "(X):(S$,4):;33);"-----":;E23:M112:ST$"Press Y or N.":40;17:K$"Y"K$"N"İ45:220<0":3075:E$;:(:JJ198Ģ(37)1:5@:JJ198D0ĺ" ";F:g:190:L302:ZW%(L3)1İ191o::u:(;E$;:7:3:"Make sure a printer card is in":9:3:"Slot 1.";:13:3:"Press P to start printing,";:15:3:"or press RETURN to exit.TIONS MISSED"9XD%(T1)OT%(T1):217:218:ST$"TOTAL QUESTIONS ATTEMPTED":XY%(T1):217::"SUBJECTS SELECTED:";:36,35:"PROFICENCY LEVELS SELECTED:"::222::"QUESTIONS MISSED OR TIMED-OUT:"::D%(T1)0ĺ"NONE":2079224:T1:(12):(4);"PR#23:10:F$;"Press RETURN to go on.":1521 d:(4);"BRUN LOMEM:":20992:100:1:1::(4);"BLOAD PLOT":(4);"BLOAD SOUND ROUTINE":200::(4);"BRUN INDEX.OBJ0"::4)128):16368,0; K$(13)āI120:D(16336)::150A d ,44033,7:47505,222:ER0:1:1n 6400 @:(4);"VERIFY DEMO COMPUCAT,D1" J216,0: JE:216,0:ER1 (12) 10:2:E$;C$;"6PLEASE CHECK YOUR":12:2:"DISK DRIVE."+ IN THE DISK":12:2:"DRIVE."& Z1506 n300:ER50< xf 23:10:F$;"Press RETURN when done."t 16368,0 23:10:" "; I150:(16384)128250 23:10:"Press"; I150:(16384)128250 :155 K$((1638B$(5):H$(12):16304,00 (206)1İ50:20@ 300:ER19 44033,7:47505,222:(12);:12:9:B$;C$;"2PLEASE WAIT":2:2:103,104:104,70:18024,0::(4);"RUN DEMO COMPUCAT,D1": 2H$:8:2 <E$;C$;"3PLACE YOUR PROGRAM" F10:2:"DISK   FP_ 7,(818):::(4);"BRUN LOMEM:":20992:(4);"BLOAD SOUND ROUTINE":818,(7)j JE944 I09:X:JEI,X: 104,168,104,166,223,154,72,152,72,96 230,32:3075:16304,0:C$(3):F$(18)C$"0"(18)(25):E$(23):G$(14):    :K$(G1$,I1,1)C%(C(L1),L3)I:I3:P41=7:P4İ45:195C7h7ST$C1$(A,I3):M4(0):M40134q71317I011:S$(I)"NULL":XI((I3)3):C%(T1,X)0S$(I)"OK"7:X(0):8E$;:E12:M13:ST$"DO YOU WANT A PRINTOUT?":40:219:K$"0:E16:M18::ST$H$" "P$(L3,0)" "P$(L3,1)H$:40:(P$(L3,1))0);::E19:M113:ST$"Press S, A, F.":40617:G1$"SAF":P40:I13:K$(G1$,I,1)B(C(L1),L3)SP(I1):SP%(L3)I:I3:P416:P4İ45:1926)7189:17:G1$"\BIE":P40:I03ss B, I, E.":40:5E$;:E4:M13:ST$"THERE ARE "F1$"3"H$" SPEEDS FOR":40:E6:M13:ST$"EACH SUBJECT:":40:A$F1$G$"4":E9:M15:ST$A$"S"H$"LOW, "A$"A"H$"VERAGE, "A$"F"H$"AST":40:n6E13:M13:ST$W$"PICK YOUR SPEED LEVEL FOR:":4:186s4E$:E4:M13:ST$"THERE ARE "F1$"3"H$" PROFICIENCY LEVELS FOR":40:E6:M13:ST$"EACH SUBJECT:":40:5E13:M13:ST$W$"PICK YOUR LEVEL FOR:":40:E16:M18::ST$H$" "P$(L3,0)" "P$(L3,1)H$:40:(P$(L3,1))0);::E19:M113:ST$"PreYOU WANT ":40::E19:M13:ST$" "P$(L3,0)" "P$(L3,1):40:(P$(L3,1))0);::" ?";:219:ZW%(L3)(K$"Y")::I02:ZW%(I)0C%(C(L1),I)04:I02:ZW%(I)0Ă:17:3:W$;"YOU MUST PICK AT LEAST ONE SUBJECT.";:45:45:I11000:I:17:3:W$;33);59:O32060:P32061:K32062:K%2063:Q32066:R32067:J%2070:S32:D31:V39:2243:E$;:J12:J:5:H$;:I02:511I5(P$(I,J1))2:H$;P$(I,J1);:::2M18:E5:O402:EE2:ST$H$P$(O4,0)" "P$(O4,1):40:3L302:E17:M13:ST$H$"DO ATEGORY FILE":D$"READ CATEGORY FILE":I02:P$(I,0),P$(I,1)::SP:I02:SP(I)SD(I)SP::D$;"CLOSE":QQ$"AEIBFJCGKDHL":K2:(4);"BLOAD RTS ROUTINE":I%(7,1):E(X)(X(X256)256):I07:J01:I%(I,J):::H%(0)9:H%(1)18:H%(2)26:M32058:N320 0Z99Ģ21:5:"TIMED OUT":C0Z81:4:"4X0";:45:46:0B3(F(M4)):XC0:YC0:YAK413:G%(Y,1)I3XCXC1:G%(Y,2)B3YC10:YC01810M4XC13101770G%(K4,0)A:G%(K4,1)I3:G%(K4,2)B3:K4K43:A3:135|1D$;"OPEN CT$"Enter up to 12 characters. ":40:L$"Enter":M14:K12:10:X$(C(L1))ST$:227:L1:82/ZQ$"":16368,0:Z1150:(16384)128ĂZ1/(16384)128ZQ$((16384)128):16368,0//D1Z9Z8(37)/D1X2Z2(37)03:(37)2:7: ----------- -----";:E7:I02>.C%(C(L1),I)0ĂI:167.EE3:2:E:H$;P$(I,0):E1:2:P$(I,1);H$;:E:15:H1$(C%(C(L1),I));:31:H2$(SP%(I));:I:EE2.34,1:33,38:32,1:35,23:X/E23:M19:ST$"Press RETURN when done.":40:E21:M18:S%(T1)Y%(T1)1:9-I603010:816,I:817,20:818::#.H1$(0)"Unused":H1$(1)"Beginner":H1$(2)"Intermediate":H1$(3)"Expert":I02:H2$(1)"Slow":H2$(2)"Average":H2$(3)"Fast":243:7:2:"SUBJECT PROFICIENCY SPEED";:8:2:"------- 155 252,40:253,124:254,28:255,8:7,1:16452:U 18:2:38):20:2:38):r QK(207)1:QK255QK2 ::207,QK:1:1::(4);"RUN HELLOAGAIN":08:CH(16384):CH206CH21775 CH206İ19:13I CH217İ19:21 18:1:(5);(3);"2WE HOPE YOU HAD FUN";:21:8:(5);(3);"2SEE YOU SOON";:A$"-d+d-d3d&d+d-d3d3dDdLdUdUdUdZded":I1(A$)2:816,((A$,I,1)):817,((A$,I1,1)):818:I   FPf1::(4);"BLOAD CATS":17:3075:3:20:(23);(3);"5COMPUCAT";:(18);:I13000:I252,31:253,86:254,16:255,8:7,8:16452:18:2:(25);"Do you want to play the game again?";:11:20:"Press Y or N."16368,0! 16384,12  :I0I41:ST$E1$(I):M12:40:EEJ4::42::1:1::(4);"CLOSE":'1:1::(4);"READ ";D1$:I0I41:E1$(I)::(4):H(E$;:E4:M13:ST$X$(C(L1))", THERE ARE "F1$"3"H$" SUBJECTS:":40:185:A$F1$G$"4":E9:M15:ST$A$"B"H$"EGINNER, " 1, 2, 3, or 4.":404&17:K$"1"K$"4"İ45:143&W1(K$):80:1:1:E$;:L10W11:E$;:E8:M13:ST$Q$"PLEASE ENTER YOUR NAME, PLAYER "(L11)"."H$:40:168E'1:1::(4);"OPEN ";D1$:(4);"READ ";D1$:H4,I4,J4:(4):J1H4:146:E$;:E2I:139:%I04:E1$(I)"":(%200K%G3V3256128(I3(I32)2):%245:40:EE3:M13:ST$Q$"AND REVIEW THE RULES?"H$:40:219:2:1:W$;:K$"Y"İ125&246:E$;:E10:M17:ST$Q$"HOW MANY PLAYERS ARE THERE?"H$:40:E23:M110:ST$"Press)1:L41135-$A3L42L423:I3A3:198D$I3I31:I38I30T$I3A3198h$136:I3A3:198q$177$229::243:138:$I07:A$"X"C1$(A,I)"X":J2(A$)1:(A$,J,1)"0"A$(A$,J1)"1"(A$,J1)%J:C1$(A,I)(A$,2,(A$)2)::E$;:E10:M13:ST$Q$"WOULD YOU LIKE TO REVIEW THE RULES"H$:40:E13:M13:ST$Q$"AGAIN?"H$:40:E23:M115:ST$"Press Y or N.":40#~17:K$"Y"ī125#K$"N"İ243:E$:#45:126$Y011:Z02:G%(Y,Z)1:::IN$"1":A02:K4A:L4C%(T1,AJE:216,0:ER1 N 10:10:"PLEASE CHECK YOUR":12:10:"DISK DRIVE."V 40\ s (13);(4);"PR#6"y :155 K$((16384)128):16368,0 K$(13)āI120:D(16336)::150  ,44033,7:47505,222:ER0:1:1)68,0 <23:10:" ";9 FI150:(16384)128250? PU Z23:10:"PRESS";t dI150:(16384)128250z n x60 300:ER250 500 ,44033,7:47505,222:ER0:1:1 6400 @:(4);"VERIFY DEMO COMPUCAT,D1" J216,0:   FP*1012,0:42350,96:214,2550 ; JE944S I09:X:JEI,X:~ 104,168,104,166,223,154,72,152,72,9610:8:"PLEASE, PLACE YOUR PROGRAM"12:10:"DISK IN THE DISK DRIVE."(23:10:"PRESS ANY KEY WHEN DONE." 2163   0L@` g RgƖ8PgPQhQghe Ӣi  g y  gh^_8^eP^ȱ^ eQ^^_Ll8ePeQ`LA(W11):D(3):D(0)10:D(1)20:D(2)30:D(3)40:D%(W11),E%(W11,30,3),Y%(W11):P220:Q22:P0:R81:138:T10:JR0:129:JR1:77:32:39:R21:T1:T10W11:R20İ129SW13TR2ĺE$;:32 UA%866Ģ23:5:X$(T1);", press a letter.";:1691:1::D$(4):D$;"PR#0":D$;"IN#0":1998:16298,0:16300,0:9:230,32:62450:3075:{N17920:816,15:817,20:818:OA$"Dd3d-d3dDd+d-d3dDd&d+d-d":I1(A$)12:816,((A$,I,1)):817,((A$,I1,1)):818::PC(W1):I0W11:C(I)I::`Q:A$V$(1):76:N215:75:E1E11:A$V$(0):76:JKD1N2::A$" ":76:cLD1:E1:F$;A$;H$;:YME$;:M1:K20:A11:H24:O23:B118:K:M:F$;G$;2;U$;H$;:MM5:O2:H2:R$;G$;A1;"LET'S GO";H$;:A1A11:O2O22:H2H23:816,200:817,4:818:B1:79:ı;G816,130E12:817,30:818:N2100:S1XR0:65:N250H75:A$V$(1):76:N213:J12:75:A$V$(J):D1D11:E1E11:76:N250::S1İ65:N210:XR0I75:A$V$(3):D1D11:E1E11:76:N225:75:D1D11:A$V$(4):E1E11:76:S1İ65:N210:XR0.J7511:G27:Z%(A2G2):B%Z%:J21:[@C21:B20:R20:A2B(T1,A)SP:G27:Z%(A2G2):B%Z%:rAM20:F2:E23567BE2:F$;" ";V$(8);H$;:E2E21CE235ĢF2:E2:F$;B1$;:S10:OO13:DE24(E24)Ĺ816,11:817,5:818:PP3EPP2:FE1347X1Z1C2İ64:Y1999G9B%B%1:R0:A%866V(16384):V127ı:Y1999(S1)(D2)ĭE1XWS11:E21:F21:D20:XR0;S1XRXR1:XRA235XR0:QQ13:65:<G21R1:=AAAAXRG2:B%0G2G2G21:70:B%Z%>57!?A2SD(0):XST$)(((A(L)))2))A$(A(L))H$:LVQM13:ST$F1$G$"2*"H$" "ST$]540:L:JJ999:6E20:M11:ST$H$" QUESTIONS REMAINING TILL END OF GAME:":40:E22:ST$R$G$"3"(31T)H$:M131(((31T))2):40:7Y1777X1İ63:Y17778Y177";:5:3:G$;"5NAME SCORE";:VQT1:1:63,24219,24219,1463,1463,24:2:60,26222,26222,1260,1260,26:3:0,40279,400,41279,41:H4Z$"................. ":E6:A$R$G$"2":L0W11:M16:EE2:ST$H$X$(L)(Z$,(X$(L))):ST$(ST$,1,((Q1)(Q1)::ZZ15::J116:P1(Q1)(Q1)::ZZ12:::d.X(0):I11R1:J111010:::q/S1İ1170A$V$(5):76:WW1:C199:35:WW1:1A$V$(6):76:45:2A$V$(7):E1E13:76:45:3235:E$;:153:3:9:F1$;G$;"3SCORE BOARD2&18:2:(17);G$;"0";V$(0);:D118:E12:H$;:J'F122:F1:2:W$;:~(H17:E:M1:B1$;:816,100:817,15:818:ST$;:)E:M1:O$;:*23:10:"Press RETURN to go on.";+E23:M110:17:K$(13)İ45:43,?-I112:J116:P1(Q1):346 !:K:M:F$;G$;C;(((QQ$,Y64,1))1);:MM3x "K:M::F$;G$;C;T$;:MM8:YY1:::H$;:35:0:0,00,100: #T0W1 $Z6410(W1)(W3):M1:K20:A1W1:B118:K:M:F$;G$;A1;U$;:MM5:C199Ĺ816,Z:817,30:818%:C199C10:JE:216,0:ER1 N 10:10:"PLEASE CHECK YOUR":12:10:"DISK DRIVE."V 40\ s (13);(4);"PR#6"y :155 K$((16384)128):16368,0 K$(13)āI120:D(16336)::150  ,44033,7:47505,222:ER0:1:18,40:253,124:254,28:255,8:7,1:16452:I 18:2:38):20:2:38):f QK(207)1:QK255QK2 ::207,QK:1:1::(4);"RUN HELLOAGAIN":4384):CH206CH2173* CH206İ12:8> CH217İ12:13 18:1:(5);(3);"2WE HOPE YOU HAD FUN";:21:8:(5);(3);"2SEE YOU SOON";:A$"-d+d-d3d&d+d-d3d3dDdLdUdUdUdZded":I1(A$)2:816,((A$,I,1)):817,((A$,I1,1)):818:I 9) 252٬ӬӍӬ3,0,3,0,5,3,5,3,5,8,5,8,3,13,3,13P ((I$(D),F))32J$(I$(D),F):F999:7 ST$(I$(D),F,32):IN$" ":G(255):G255J$(I$(D),F,32):FF32:7 J$(I$(D),F,G):FFG1 J$:F999ı 208:4 H30:C1445:C:78::0:78: ST$;O16368,0:SD(0)150:SD(1)115:SD(2)75:Q6(206):Q7(207):Q8(214):25435,17:E$;:35,24:AG%(B,0):I3G%(B,1):B3G%(B,2):116:3:2::F$;G$;A1;((K$)1);H$;::5:D0:3:E(37)3:D14:E:2:D;". ";:3:E(37)2:D:" F1:ZJ99:237:                 """ " " " 04,0c 18:9:B$;C$;"2PLEASE WAIT":2:2:103,104:104,70:18024,0::(4);"RUN DEMO COMPUCAT":d:(4);"BRUN LOMEM:":20992:100:1:1::(4);"BLOAD PLOT":(4);"BLOAD SOUND ROUTINE":200::(4);"BRUN INDEX.OBJ0":UN INDEX.OBJ0": |@xx0@ @@|x^ B8r```@@~O~>|8y|"?x/OOx?sp~}p~0`x~s?@@f}|` 1|v 8 =~w `;~7@ 3~ C~ ~`|@ 0 P0p008 ` @cx<` `80@`x<<x``p?~@@@`@px``L     201 0L2`嬍󍱠7,1:16452:H1100:H:252,24:253,70:254,16:255,8:7,8:230,32:16452:TPA$;"HIGHER TEXT":230,32:3072::C$(3):F$(18)C$"0"(18)(25):E$(23):G$(17):B$(5):H$(12):170TZ87,7890,78:88,77:_Ud1::"PR#0":"IN#0":A$;"CATS":2C$"3McGraw-Hill Inc.";:22:1:C$"0Created by James Hsu";:24:11:F$;"Programmed by BIPACS";S<H13000:H:252,31:253,86:254,16:255,8:7,8:230,32:16452:H1500::0:90:H1250:H:3:90:110:KTF(12);::252,24:253,108:254,28:255,8: R1012,0:42350,96:214,255The formation of organic molecules without light energy is called ____.oxidationchemosynthesisrespirationfermentation fWhich substance acts as a catalyst during photosynthesis?wateroxygenchlorophyllglucose =Which wavelength of light is used least by plants?bluevioletgreenred eWhich process stores energy?respirationphotosynthesisoxidationfermentation <Respiration involves a series of ____ reactions.chemicalphysicalreversalfixation dA solution is ____ when diffusion is the same in both directions.hypotonichypertonicisotonicsaturated ;Plants wilt because their cells lack ____ pressure.gelturgorcolloidalsuspension cThe bursting of cells caused by an increase in inside pressure is called ____.osmosiscytolysisturgorplasmolysis :Which of the following affects membrane permeability?structureparticle sizesolubilityall of these bThe dark reactions of photosynthesis occur in the ____ of the chloroplasts.granastromapigmentlight Which substance catalyzes the carbon fixation reactions that form glucose?lightenzymesoxygenferredoxin Which substance was used to study the dark phase of photosynthesis?ironmagnesiumheavy watercarbon-14 In the dark phase of photosynthesis} carbon dioxide is joined with ____ to form glucose.oxygencarbonhydrogenATP Which of the following is released when ATP changes to ADP?energysugaroxygenglucose In the deep ocean} the absence of ____ prevents photosynthesis from occurrring.carbon dioxidemineralslightoxygen A cell placed in a ____ solution will shrink.hypotonichypertonicisotonicpure The long inner folds within the mitochondria are ____.granastromataplastidscristae Fine strands of ____ are spread throughout the nucleoplasm.cristaestromatagranachromatins Most of the energy is produced within the cell's ____.lysosomesribosomesendoplasm reticulamitochondria How many molecules of carbon dioxide are released for each turn of the citric acid cycle?24612 Boiling temperature ____ enzyme activity in cells.increasesdecreasesstopsvaries Which cell organelle is present in prokaryotes?nucleusmitochondrionchloroplastnone of the above Which cell structure acts as a protein-packaging factory?Golgi apparatusERvacuoleleucoplast Which substance is an example of a colloidal suspension?waterprotoplasmsaline solutiondextrose solution Lipids and ____ make up the plasma membrane.glucoseproteinstarchglycerol Which element is found in all carbohydrates?nitrogencarbonsulfurphosphorus Which cell structure controls all cell activities?nucleusnucleolusribosomecytoplasm All living organisms produce ____ compounds.inertinorganicmineralorganic Carbon forms ____ chemical bonds.covalentmetallicionicneutral Which term means ~life comes only from life~?biogenesisabiogenesisspontaneitygeneration Which trait is characteristic of all living things?reproductiongrowthirritabilityall of these The equal distribution of the particles of a solid in water is an example of ____.diffusionadhesioncohesionhomeostasis 9The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called ____.hydrolysisplasmolysisosmosisgradation aSubstances can pass through a ____ membrane.transparentsolidpermeablecharged 8Red blood cells ____ when placed in distilled water.burstshrinkplasmolyzeshrivel `Organized structures within the cell are called ____.ciliagroovesorganellescell walls 7A passageway from the cell membrane to the nucleus is formed by the ____.lysosomevacuoleendoplasmic reticulumribosome _Which atomic particle is found in the nucleus of an atom?electronprotonshellion 6The mass of an atom is located in its ____.electronsnucleusionsprotons ^A change from one phase of matter to another is a ____ change.physicalchemicalionicradioactive 5What is the smallest unit of matter called?an atoma compounda mixturea solution ]Which of the following is the most complex level of structure?organ systemorgantissuecell Large fluid-filled plant cell structures are called ____.granacentriolesvacuolesribosomes Which cell structure contains enzymes that digest protein?plastidlysosomecristagranum Which non-living cell structure provides support for plants?nucleoluscell wallplastidmitochondrion The splitting of organic molecules by the addition of water is called ____.cytolysishydrolysissynthesisdehydration Which substance is an organic catalyst?sandmanganesecatalasehydrogen peroxide Which kind of chemical bonds are formed when electrons are shared?ionicneutralcovalentcharged Which factor influences enzyme activity?temperatureconcentrationpHall of these When two or more elements chemically join} a ____ is formed.compoundsolutionmixturesolvent The substance dissolved in a solution is the ____.solventsolutecolloidgel Which substance lowers activation energy for chemical reactions in cells?enzymeoxygencarbonglucose Which is the most important factor in diffusion efficiency?pressuretemperaturesurface area-to-volume ratiolight New substances are always ____ in chemical changes.destroyedheatedformedsolidified Which structure regulates the diffusion of materials into and out of a cell?cytoplastnucleoluscell membranecell wall Scientific information must be ____ by other scientists to achieve validity.verifiedrevisedreworkedacknowledged A good hypothesis ____ and explains.regulatescontradictsrestatespredicts Objects are viewed through the ____ of a microscope.ocular lensdiaphragmcondensermirror It is essential that all objects viewed through a microscope be ____.thickopaquethinstained Research for knowledge alone is called ____ science.pureappliedphysicalmedical Which science makes practical use of scientific knowledge?pureappliedgeneraltheoretical The study of life is ____.geologymeteorologybiologyastronomy How do objects viewed through a light microscope appear?magnifiedinvertedreversedall of these Anything that occupies space and has mass is called ____.energyweightvolumematter 4Chemical energy is one form of ____ energy.kineticactivepotentialradioactive \Which of the following must be used constantly by all living things?lightenergyoxygenglucose 3The capacity of organisms to respond to outside conditions is called ____.sensibilityadaptabilityirritabilityagility [Higher magnification in a microscope results in ____ resolution.lowerhigheridenticalgreater 2Living cells cannot be seen with the ____ microscope.stereolightmonocularelectron ZMoving a microscope slide to the left makes the object viewed move to the ____.leftrightnorthsouth 1The least number of organisms would be seen under the ____ power of a microscope.highscanninglowintermediate YIn an experiment} the ____ serves as a basis for comparison.variabledatacontrolconclusion 0A possible explanation to a scientific problem is called a ____.hypothesisvariabletheoryfact XWhich of the following determines the atomic number of an element?massshellsprotonsneutrons Carbon-14 is an ____ of carbon.isotopeioninactive forminert compound Which term describes the process of species becoming better suited for survival?adaptationradiationconvergencespeciationEnvironmental changes that cause responses in organisms are called ____.stimuliinstinctscatalystsadaptations Growth is followed by which stage in the life span?declinematuritydemisedeath Which substance is organized in a special state of chemical activity by living things?vitaminsprotoplasmfoodminerals The coarse adjustment of a microscope should not be used to focus at ____ power.scanninglow2Xhigh Which factor limits the magnification of a light microscope?light wavelengthreflectionrefractionlight source Which of the following is the total magnification of a microscope with a 10X ocular and a 40X objective lens?1040100400 An organism 0.2 mm in length is ____ microns long.2202002000 All the facts about a scientific problem are known as the ____.variabledatahypothesisassumption The factor tested in an experiment is the ____.controlconstantvariableassumption How many microns are equal to one millimeter?1101001000 In an electron microscope} a beam of electrons passes through the ____ lens} which focuses it.condensorocularconvexstageWhich part of the cell is seen with the scanning electron microscope?surfacecytoplasminteriornuclear membrane Which term refers to a microscope's capability of producing clear details?magnificationresolutionrefractioninversion 7z#?? @0 """">>< (&20 *,  **> > """"" " >>  ">> "8""> """"""<  >> "LKxHHD+(DA/(Dq'  I)(H  p闠 y) 񗰐 z$ r0θ4KHH0t# p y0p 9G @0ɩL[hHHϸȸI^hHHoTDD | ``0p4b btx?|||:;288``y||xl <|{w~?|a~~=<GGGGG|||||||||||||`?scccccccccclp288|Hdr~~x`]`L0p pxytlv;7q}rxxx?Lb@@`c?o  0  ">kw>ry}}}7}3}1zw q}rxxxLf@@`c?o 00@ `b2 tt5boaoy?}~~ ||@@@@@@@@||``   xp    l||l     ||@@B G G G B@Binomial nomenclature refers to a ____ word naming system.one-two-three-four- fThe species is a division of which classification group?genusfamilyphylumorder =A group of closely related classes would be placed into which classification level?speciesorderphylumkingdom eIn which classification group are the members most closely related?phylumclassorderspecies <In animal taxonomy} the classification grouping immediately following kingdom is ____.phylumfamilygenusorder dWhich tree is deciduous?firpinemaplespruce ;Which word describes a leaf blade with several leaflets?simplecompoundpinnatepalmate cChlorophyll is found in the plant's ____.chloroplaststomaveincuticle :Which structure attaches a leaf blade to the stem?midribpetioleveinstipule bThe octopus and squid belong to which phylum?EchinodermataCoelenterataAmphibiaMollusca Which trait is found in arthropods?endoskeletonjointed appendagesventral heartlungs Which word best describes PLANARIAN?roundwormparasiticflatwormnerveless Into which phylum are earthworms classified?AnnelidaCoelenterataEchinodermataPlatyhelminthes Which phylum has animals with hollow bodies and spicules?NematodaPoriferaPlatyhelminthesAnnelida Which animal is not a coelenterate?hydrajellyfishcoralfluke Which of the following is the function of a fish's swim bladder?buoyancyexcretionoxygen storagecarbon dioxide removal Which of the following are pigment granules in special fish skin cells?scaleschromatophoresraysspines In which structure of a fish does gas exchange occur?lungstracheagillsoperculum A nictitating membrane is found on a frog's ____.earmouthlegeye Which of the following is a warm-blooded vertebrate?snakelizardrobinturtle Which method of communication is used by bees?round danceswaggle dancesodorall of these Which nematode is a health menace in the southern states of the United States?AscarisTrichinellahookwormvinegar eel The transfer of host genes from one cell to another by viruses is called ____.lysistranslocationtransductionsubstitutionInsect metamorphosis is controlled by ____.pheromonesneurotoxinsauxinshormones Which cells defend the body against infection?red corpuscleswhite corpusclesplateletsthrombocytes A growing root tip is protected by the ____.xylemphloemroot capcambium Which of the following is a waxy waterproof leaf covering?cuticleveinstomamesophyll layer Photosynthetic reactions require ____ energy.usedoxygensyntheticlight Which plant vessels transport food throughout the plant?xylemphloemtracheidcork Which structure removes excess water in protozoans?pelliclepyrenoidcontractile vacuoleectoplasm Which of the following represents the dominant form of land plants?cycadsmossesfernsangiosperms Which structure regulates water loss in plants?phloemmeristemmesophyllstomates 9Which cell layer in a leaf has the most chloroplasts?spongyepidermalpalisadecuticle aHow many cotyledons does a dicot have?onetwothreefour 8Water enters the plant through its ____.rootleafcorkstem `To which class of plants do conifers belong?GymnospermaeAngiospermaeFilicineaeHepaticeae 7Which tree is not a gymnosperm?pinesprucefirapple _Which of the following is a monocot plant?lettucespinachcorncabbage 6Which of the following is a dicot plant?tulipbambooirisrose ^The most important role for fungi is to serve as ____ organisms.photosyntheticdecayautotrophicfood 5How do paramecia move?by pseudpodiaby ciliaby flagellaby holdfasts ]The ____ is the song box of birds.air sacsgizzardcropsyrinx What adaptation enables birds to fly?hollow boneslong beaksshort legssmall muscles Which structure is absent in birds?lungsbladderintestineskidneys Which structure is not an embryonic membrane in birds?chorionallantoischalazaamnion Which adult amphibian has the capability of regenerating a lost foot?frogtoadsalamandernone of the above Which characteristic is not typical of mammals?lungshaircold-bloodednessmammary glands Which animals are those that lay eggs?oviparousviviparousmarsupiaplacental All mammals have ____ cervical vertebrae.571215 Which reptiles are the most widespread geographically?snakesturtlescrocodilesalligators Which is the most primitive mammal?koalaplatypuschimpanzeekangaroo Antibodies are produced by ____.moldsfungithrombocyteslymphocytes Which body cells engulf bacteria?phagocyteserythrocytesplateletsthrombocytes Which region of an insect has a mandible?headthoraxabdomenovipositor Infectious diseases are spread most rapidly through ____.airwatercontactinsect bites Which disease is transmitted by the blood fluke?malariatrichinosisschistosomiasischolera The arms are attached to the axial skeleton by the ____.pelvic girdlespineappendicular skeletonpectoral girdle Athlete's foot is caused by a ____.bacteriumfungusvirusparamecium Which protozoan is harmless to humans?parameciumtrypanosomeentamoebaplasmodium How do bacteria reproduce?fusionbinary fissionlysisbudding What is the main function of plant stems?reproductionconducting food and wateranchoring the plantphotosynthesis Which process is used to kill harmful bacteria in milk?pasteurizationhomogenizationcoagulationemulsification Which of the following is the best defense against viral diseases?sunlightantibodiesradiationpenicillin The bacterium normally found in the human intestinal tract is ____.B. SUBTILISB. POPILLIAEE. COLIP. VULGARIS 4Which food is the product of bacterial action?Roquefort cheesecheddar cheesebuttermilkall of these \Which type of immunity is developed as a result of having a disease?passiveactivenaturaltemporary 3Which type of plant lives more than two seasons?annualsbiennialsbiannualsperennials [Salk and Sabin are famous for developing the ____ vaccine.polioanthraxdiphtheriatuberculosis 2Viruses that attack bacteria are called ____.plasmidsreceptorsphagesendospores ZWho developed the smallpox vaccine?PasteurKochJennerSalk 1Who developed the methods used to isolate pathogenic bacteria?KochBehringHillEhrlich YWhich factor limits bacterial growth?temperaturechemicalsoxygenall of these 0Who developed a vaccine for anthrax and rabies?JennerSalkSabinPasteur XFrogs obtain oxygen through which structure?skinlungsmouth liningall of these Primates have which of the following characteristics?depth visionfive digitswell-developed brainsall of these Bacterial growth is inhibited by ____.saltalcoholantisepticsall of these Bacterial growth is inhibited by ____.antigensantiserumsaggutininsantibiotics Plants with vascular tissue belong to the ____ division.mosstracheophytealgaliverwort The most deadly type of food poisoning is ____.botulismsalmonellastaphylococcusstreptococcus The ____ is not a type of bacterium.coccusbacillusspirillumascus Which of the following is an obligate anaerobe?C. tetaniE. coliC. diphtheriaeK. pneumoniae Which disease is caused by a virus?poliotetanusdiphtheriatuberculosis The exchange of genetic material between paramecia is called ____.fissionconjugationregenerationsporulation Which plant structure specializes in sexual reproduction?leafflowerstemroot In most verebrates} the notochord is replaced by the ____.nervesmusclesbackbonespinal cord Which kind of immunity is obtained from the injection of antibodies?activepassiveinnatenatural Which is the largest mammal in the world?blue whaleAfrican elephantwhite rhinocerospolar bear Which organisms are attacked by viruses?bacteriaplantsanimalsall of these Which are the most successful mammals?monotremesmarsupialsplacentalsnone of these The male gonads are the ____.vesiclestestestubulesprostates The fetus develops in which structure?oviductuterusovaryvagina /An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called ____.goiterricketsanemiadiabetes A fertilized egg is a ____.zygotegametefolliclefetus .Which of the following does the thyroid gland secrete?estrogenACTHthyroxineinsulin Which female structure produces eggs?uterusvaginaovaryoviduct -Biological control is demonstrated by the use of ____.DDTdieldrindioxinpraying mantises 'WWhich of the following are nonbiodegradable?plantsalgaeplasticsanimal wastes 'Which of the following is a biodegradable substance?leadmercuryPCBsewage &VA renewable resource is ____.aluminumwaterfossil fueltrees &~Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource?foodwoodcattlefossil fuel %UResources that can be replaced are called ____.renewableextinctrareancient %}Ten trees per 100 meters describes population ____ of trees.capacitygrowthdensitypotential $TThe number of organisms the environment can support is called its ____.loaddensitycarrying capacitypotential $|Which organism is a heterotroph?rosesnailgrassgoldenrod #SWhich animal does not hibernate?squirrelchipmunkwoodchuckwolf #{Which substance is an air pollutant?sewagegarbagesulfur dioxideDDT 'Which of these has been the main source of agricultural pollution?insecticidefertilizerparticulate mattersulfur dioxide 'The buildup of toxic chemicals in a food chain is ____.biological controlbiological magnificationdecompositioninversion &Which type of pollutant is released from automobile exhausts?nitric oxidecarbon monoxidecarbon dioxideall of these &Which tree is atypical of deciduous forests?oakelmmapleredwood %A rain forest does not have ____.plantsanimalswaterthin canopies %Which type of consumer feeds directly on producers?first ordersecond orderthird orderfourth order $Which of the following act as a biological control agent?gypsy mothsweb wormsaphidslacewing larvae $Which of the following is not a saprophyte?mushroomalgamoldyeast #Which group forms the base of a food pyramid?producersconsumerscarnivoresheterotrophs #One organism benefits and one is harmed in a ____ relationship.benigncommensalparasiticmutualistic What factor is primarily responsible for the extinction of many organisms?firesradiationhuman interventionsoil erosion Energy ____ at each trophic level.increasesdecreasesstays the sameforms Which marine zone is a highly productive food producer for human beings?deep seabenthicestuarypelagic Which type of relationship is demonstrated by the shark and the remora?commensalismparasitismmutualismpredation Which condition is typical of the intertidal zone?constant water supplyample spacefew living organismsnone of the above Ductless glands are also called ____ glands.reproductivesensorymotorendocrine Which substance are diabetics unable to produce?adrenalinbilethyroxineinsulin ,Which type of stimulus is received by the auditory nerve?lightodortastesound The bitter taste receptors are located on the ____ of the tongue.tipsidebackmiddle +Which of the following is the largest part of a mammalian brain?cerebrumcerebellumponsmedulla The retina responds to which stimulus?soundheattastelight *Which animals migrate?Monarch butterfliesbighorn sheepCanadian geeseall of these "RWhich of the following describes where an organism lives?boundarynichehabitatbiota "zWhich of the following refers to dormancy during hot weather?hibernationmigrationestivationsuccession !QWhich animals are active at night?diurnalnocturnalbiennialbiannual !yWhich word describes the first organisms to dominate an area?pioneersconsumersanimalsalgae PWhich process refers to gradual changes in a community?successionmigrationestivationhibernation xWhich organism is an omnivore?elephantdeercowhuman being OLarge areas of savannah are found in ____.South AmericaAfricaAustraliaall of these wWhich animal is a carnivore?rabbittigerhorsebison NThe northernmost area of a coniferous forest is the ____.taigasteppegrasslandsavannah vThe greatest quantity of mass is found on the ____ of a food pyramid.topbottomsidemiddle "Which one is not an abiotic environmental factor?temperaturetreeswaterlight "Which of the following is the biotic factor in the ecosystem?weatherlightwateranimals !Which of the following is an abiotic environmental factor?lightanimalsplantsbacteria !Which of the following is the study of living things in their environment?geologypaleontologyecologygenetics The area of the Earth where life exists is called the ____.coremantlebiosphereexosphere Which organisms are decomposers?plantslichensalgaebacteria Which term describes feeding interrelationships?food webfood chainpyramidcycle Which grouping is demonstrated by 24 students in a classroom during the first hour?communitypopulationbiosphereecosystemWhich of the following feeds on dead tissue?producerautotrophscavengerherbivore An incompatible Rh factor occurs when the baby is ____ and the mother is negative.negativepositivetype Otype AB Which characteristic describes the tundra?permafrostlong growing seasontall trees ample water Which disease is caused by destruction of the adrenal cortex?cretinismgoiterAddison's diseaseacromegaly Which type of relationship exists between termites and the protozoa in their intestines?mutualismparasitismpredationnoneWhich type of pollution causes acid rain?waterthermalairradiation Which type of relationship is demonstrated by bees and flowers?competitionsymbiosiscommensalismpredation Which type of neuron receives stimulation from the environment?sensorymotoreffectorassociative A gap between neurons is a ____.ganglionnodesynapsecell body )Which of the following are nerve cells?vertebraesynapsesneuronsreflexes Which process describes taking air into the lungs?inspirationexhalationexpulsionexpansion (Gas exchange occurs in the ____ of the lungs.bronchitracheaalveoliepiglottis Which structure filters inhaled air?noseglottisbronchustrachea 'Which of the following is the largest unit?ecosystemcommunitypopulationspecies MWhich of the following is the source of all the energy in an ecosystem?mineralsairsunlightwater uWhich of the following are considered terrestrial biomes?desertsgrasslandstundraall of these LIn a biome} all ____ is recycled.matterenergylightheat tAn organism in a very early stage of development is an ____.amnioteeggallantoisembryo KWhich term is applied to embryos when they develop human characteristics?gametezygotefetusgastrula sWhich gland produces adrenalin?spleenthyroidpancreasadrenal JWhich of the following is not a primary germ layer?ectodermmesodermendodermblastula rSperm are produced in the ____.kidneycowper's glandstestesurethra IWhich term is applied to the release of the egg by the ovary?menstruationovulationejectionrejection qPopulations tend to increase in which sort of pattern?geometricarithmeticisometricnegative Which of the following is a limiting factor in a population?predationparasitismdiseaseall of these Which of the following is not an autotroph?oak treedandelionmushroomlily A group of organisms of the same kind in a given area is a ____.familyspeciespopulationcommunity The fetus receives oxygen through which structure?skinlungsplacentaamniotic fluid The amniotic sac and the ____ make up the afterbirth.ovaryyolk sacfollicleplacenta The fluid-filled sac enclosing the embryo is the ____.chorionallantoisyolk sacamnion Which structure attaches the fetus to the placenta?umbilical cordFallopian tubeamnionyolk sac At which time in the menstrual cycle is pregnancy most likely to occur?beginningendmiddleanytime The monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus is called ____.ovulationejectionmenstruationrejection Ganglia are composed of ____ cells.musclenerveepitheliamucosal The most energy would be needed to support which group?producersfirst consumerssecond consumersthird consumers The vision center of the brain is in the ____.cerebrumcerebellummedullapons Which biome would have the most uniform climate?tundrataigasavannahtropical rain forest Which word describes the autonomic nervous system?voluntaryinvoluntaryunregulatedexternal Which of the following means a low blood glucose level?hypertrophyhypoxiahypoglycemiahyperglycemia The vocal cords are housed in the ____.bronchilarynxalveoliseptum The leaflike flap that prevents food from getting into the lungs is the ____.alveoluspharynxepiglottisesophagus &Which of the following is another name for the windpipe?tracheaepiglottisglottislarynx Which of the following act as excretory organs?skinlungskidneysall of these %The main excretory organ is the ____.liverspleencolonkidney Which of the following stores urine?kidneybladderureterurethra $The pouch holding the testes is the ____.scrotumureterpenisprostate HWhich hormone is secreted by the ovaries?estrogeninsulinACTHvasopressin pWhich gland regulates blood calcium level?thyroidparathyroidadrenalhypothalamus GWhich of the following is caused by a deficiency of growth hormone?goiterdiabetesgiantsmidgets oWhich gland is located on top of the kidney?thyroidpinealadrenalthymus FWhich gland secretes the growth hormone?adrenalpituitaryparathyroidpancreas nWhich gland is located in the neck?adrenalpancreaspituitarythyroid EThe ____ gland is located at the base of the brain.thyroidpancreasadrenalpituitary mWhich hormone is produced by the pancreas?insulincortisoneACTHthyroxine DMetabolic rate is under the control of which gland?pancreasspleenthyroidthymus lMaturation of the ovaries and testes occurs at which time?birthpubertymenopausepregnancy The fetus develops in which structure?oviductuterusovaryabdominal cavity Which hormone is responsible for male secondary sex characteristics?testosteroneestrogenprogesteroneFSH Hormonal balance generally is achieved by a ____ feedback mechanism.positivedoublenegativealternate Which of the following controls the release of pituitary hormones?TSHLHhypothalamusACTH Which of the following is not increased with hyperthyroidism?temperatureweightblood pressureactivity Insulin is produced in the ____.pituitary glandadrenal glandspleenislets of Langerhans Which substance is secreted by ductless glands?hydrochloric acidbilesalivahormones Which of the following act as a regulator for gland activities?fibrinshormonesmusclesthrombocytes Which type of neuron stimulates muscles?motorreceptorsensoryassociative The ____ circulation takes blood to the lungs.renalportaljugularpulmonary Myelination ____ nerve transmission.increasesdecreasesblockshas no effect on Which of the following are the end products of carbohydrate digestion?monosaccharidesdisaccharidespolysaccharideslipids Which type of response is demonstrated by the dilation of the iris in the eye?habitinstinctreflexlearned Which of the following is the end product of protein digestion?glycerolglucoselipidamino acid Which word is the same as homeostasis?unevenbalanceirregularfluctuating Nephrons are found in which organ?liverkidneypancreasbrain Muscles that are not used will ____.enlargeatrophyhardenlengthen #Which of the following is the largest artery?pulmonaryrenalaortafemoral Which of the following blood vessels lead away from the heart?veinscapillariesarteriesvilli "Vertebrae are ____.bonesmusclesnervesglands Humans are unable to digest ____.buttermargarinecellulosepork !Haversian canals carry blood to which structure?bonemusclenerveskin CThe lens of the eye focuses light on which structure?choroid layersclerafoveairis kThe middle ear is connected to the ____ by the Eustachian tube.braineyepharynxnose BWhich of the following are special sense organs that receive stimuli?effectorsreceptorsglandssynapses jOlfactory cells respond to which stimulus?lightodorpressureheat AWhich parts of the eye are responsible for color vision?rodsconeslensesvitreous humors iWhich structures function as receptors for stimuli?taste budsmusclesbonesglands @Which are effectors?musclesrodsconesnerves hLayers of epidermis are found in the ____.skinkidneyheartlungs ?Which substance is normally found in urine?proteinblood cellsureaglucose gWhich of the following is controlled by the medulla oblongata?visionmemoryinternal organsreasoning Which one is not a reflex?knee-jerksneezingblinkingthinking Which part of the brain controls muscle balance and coordination?cerebrumcerebellumponsmedulla Which part of the neuron carries nerve impulses away from the cell body?axondendritenodemyelin Which part of the brain controls the five senses?cerebrumcerebellumponsmedulla Membranes covering the brain and spinal cord are ____.synapsesfibrilsconvolutionsmeninges Which part of the brain controls memory?ponsmedullacerebellumcerebrum Which part of the neuron carries impulses toward the cell body?axondendritenodemyelin Energy needed to maintain basic life processes is called ____ metabolism.anaboliccatabolicbasalactive Which type of acid is produced in anaerobic respiration?malicascorbiccitriclactic The blood supply to the skin ____ when the body overheats.increasesdecreasesthinsstops Which neuron connects the spinal cord with an effector?motorsensoryauxiliaryassociative The heart phase in which the ventricles contract is called ____.systolediastoleanginafibrillation Pulmonary ____ carry blood from the lungs to the heart.arteriesveinsvalvesnodes Blood leaving the atria goes directly to the ____.lungsaortaveinsventricles Which structures absorb the end products of carbohydrate digestion?lactealslymphaticsstomach mucosavilli Which disease is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C?pellagraanemiaberiberiscurvy Which disease is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D?ricketsanemiascurvypellagra  Bread} potatoes} and rice are ____.fatsproteinscarbohydrateslipids Bile is produced in the ____.stomachspleenpancreasliver Bile is stored in the ____.stomachgall bladderpancreasduodenum Fat digestion begins in the ____.mouthstomachsmall intestineesophagus The pumping chambers of the heart are the ____.atriaventriclesseptamitrals >The receiving chambers of the heart are the ____.atriaventriclesvalvessepta fWhich blood vessels are the smallest?arteriesveinsvenulescapillaries =The human heart normally beats about ____ times per minute.1670108120 eWhich structures produce the heart sounds?atriavalvesventriclesveins <Which are oxygen-carrying cells?lymphocytesplateletserythrocytesleukocytes dWhere two bones meet is called a ____.tendonjointarchfracture ;Which of the following is commonly called the collarbone?humerussternumscapulaclavicle cWhich of the following is another name for the soft tissue inside bones?lymphgelatinmarrowcartilage :Which of the following occurs in bone articulation?stretchingbreakingjointingbending bWhich factor influences respiration rate?activityagepositionall of these Which process is the artificial forcing of air into and out of the lungs?respirationinspirationresuscitationbreathing Air pressure inside the lungs ____ when the chest cavity expands.increasesdecreasesequalizesstops Air pressure inside the lungs ____ with a decrease in the size of the chest cavity.increasesdecreasesdiffusesstops Which membrane covers the lungs?pleuralpericardialperitoneumperiosteum Tiny hairs called ____ line the trachea.ciliaflagellafibrinvilli The left ventricle of the heart has a ____ wall.thinthickporousrough The kidney ____ most of the water that passes through it.excretescombinesconvertsreabsorbs Which process is responsible for reabsorption in the kidney?diffusionpressureactive transportosmosis Glucose is ____ in a normal kidney.excretedsecretedreabsorbedconverted Which of the following is the pH of human blood?2.44.47.412.4 Hydrochloric acid is added to the digestive process in the ____.mouthstomachduodenumcolon Anti-A sera will clot which blood type?Type OType BType AType BO An electrocardiogram is used to check the heart's ____.vena cavaseptaaortaelectrical impulses Which blood type is referred to as the universal donor?Type AType ABType BType O The respiration rate ____ as carbon dioxide production increases.increasesdecreasesvariesstops The digestion of starch begins in which structure?stomachmouthliverpancreas In which section of the digestive tract does undigested food accumulate?stomachspleenappendixcolon The physical breakdown of food begins in the ____.mouthstomachsmall intestinecolon Which units are used to measure food energy?caloriesergsdynesvolts All vertebrates have which type of skeleton?exoskeletonendoskeletoncartilaginoussoft Which substance is required for normal bone growth?calciumphosphorusvitamin Dall of these Ligaments attach bones to which structures?bonesmuscleslymph vesselscapillaries 9Muscles are attached to bones by ____.tendonsmesenterypleuravilli aWhich is the bone in the upper leg?tibiaradiusulnafemur 8The kneecap bone is the ____.patellacarpalsternumcalcaneus `Which structure contains smooth muscle?intestineheartbicepstriceps 7The muscular contraction of the digestive tract is called ____.secretiondigestionabsorptionperistalsis _Which of the following is removed by the process of dehydration?fatwaterglucoseblood 6The enzyme amylase acts upon which food substance?carbohydratefatproteinglycerol ^Protein digestion begins in the ____.mouthesophagusstomachsmall intestine 5In digestion} carbohydrates split into which substance?glycerolpeptidesglucosecellulose ]Urea is produced in the ____.kidneybladderlungsliver Which of the following is the name of the protein containing iron in red blood cells?plasmahemoglobinlymphantibody Filtration occurs in the kidney's ____.glomerulustubulepelviscortex Reabsorption occurs in the ____ of the kidney.glomerulusBowman's capsuletubulepelvis Carbohydrates are stored in the body as ____.glucagonglycogenglycineglucose Iodine is essential for the normal functioning of the ____ gland.adrenalpituitaryhypothalamusthyroid Which of the following is the simplest carbohydrate?starchsucroselactoseglucose Fats contain ____ the energy of carbohydrates.one-halftwiceten timesfive times Which of the following is the best source of vitamin A?breadtomatoeschickencarrots Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?vitamin Avitamin Bvitamin Cvitamin D The end of the vertebral column is the ____.ribspubiscoccyxsacrum Which blood type would clump with anti-B sera?Type BType AType AOType OO Which skeleton includes the skull and vertebrae?axialappendicularlumbarcaudal Which blood type is referred to as the universal recipient?Type OType AType ABType B Which of the following is an extensor?bicepsiristricepscardiac Which valve regulates the passage of chyme into the duodenum?renalhepaticcardiacpyloric Which tissue binds and supports?connectivenervousepithelialmuscle Which animal is a herbivore?cowlionfoxwolf Which of the following is the function of the skeleton?supportprotectionstorageall of these The tundra is an example of a ____ biome.tropicalmarineterrestrialfreshwater The brain is enclosed in the ____ cavity.abdominalcranialthoracicspinal Which of the following forms the basis of all food chains?green plantsanimalsscavengersconsumers Digestion is accelerated by which of these factors?enzymesangerfibersfear 4Pepsin acts upon ____.celluloseproteinfatcarbohydrate \Which one is not a type of muscle cell?smoothskeletalstriatedglandular 3Which muscles are voluntary?smoothskeletalheartintestinal [The ____ is a ball-and-socket joint.kneeelbowwristshoulder 2Actin and myosin are found in which structures?bonesbloodneuronsmuscles ZWhich of the following is the function of muscle tissue?secretionexcretionmovementcommunication 1Irregular seams where bones come together are called ____.suturesforaminacanalssinuses YThe human body has ____ cavities.onetwothreefour 0Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?cranialthoracicabdominalcaudal XWhich inorganic substance is essential for all cells?waterproteinfatcarbohydrate Lipases act upon ____.proteinsfatsstarchescellulose All involuntary activity is done by ____ muscles.cardiacstriatedsmoothskeletal Which word describes the ends of most long bones?flathardporoushollow Which joints connect vertebrae?glidinghingeball-and-socketangular Which word best describes the amount of contraction in a stimulated muscle?one-fourthone-thirdone-halftotal Which structure contains cartilage?noseeartracheaall of these Which of the following are sacs that act as cushions between bones?bursaesinusesfontanelsforamina The ____ is a muscular partition between the thorax and the abdomen.coelompleuradiaphragmpericardium Which cells are formed in red bone marrow?plateletslymphocyteserythrocytesfat A muscle's attachment at the nonmoving point is its ____.toneorigininsertionflexibility The ____ is the attachment of a muscle to the movable part.origininsertionbursasinus Nerves and ____ are included in 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