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L+62 . * & "  e L$ + o+ȱ L$ + o+ ȱ L$ + + o+ȥ L$ + + o+ȱL+ eeȥ L$  ȥ L$*&" eeȱL+   L+95 1 - ) % !   L$95 1 - ) % ! i+,l*&" eeȱ L$  ȱ L$*&" ee ȱ L$   ȱ L$*&"hqilhh hihi8  8   qȥqi #HHl    lhh hh8   qȥ qiR"g"ͥک "Aͥ۩g"ͥک 2"Bͥ۩g"ͥک L"Dͥ۩g"!"" 5"O"@Ϡ  ȱ ` #11ؚ"@Ϥ1ح"@Ϥ1+ ͤ11 hh8hȱ iiHHlh!!! ![U !!B)   ) H !)hH    !hL'!8 ȥ  !` 4 H  !)hH    !hL!ȱ ` )` L #  # P [ ҌA2 ҌA2U8 >=d ҌA2{ Ϭ1 ҌA2%+1 k ҌA2  Pωh P S [ ` Ϡʊ i i $   )  3 i  i 8L  `lKB: ,2b$: #1<@Ԭ1 # [H ҌA2H W2HPKQ@ ҌA2'Ui>=a7{ Ϭ1&(8DгB+*vѴx |~ "1az) Y,2b$ Ϭ1X)1  `LֳB+*vx |~ "1az)H UH Ϭ1X)1 f@Ϭ1%Ӌׅ1=i".؅Ϭ1 # [נ ҌA2*ף Uؼc:{  ҌA2@@Ϭ1+;B |  ~  "1 ҌA2@a z)xample, only one spreadsheet has been saved. ^ EXPENSES (Since EXPENSES is the spreadsheet you want, type it in.) ^ Once you have loaded a spreadsheet, you can add to it or change it. Then you can save it. This time let's just practice SAVE. ^ SAVE is first have to LOAD it. ^ Since LOAD is a FILE option, choose the FILES command. ^ Here is the FILES menu. The highlight is on LOAD, so press RETURN. ^ In this space you will see a list of all the spreadsheets saved on the data disk you use. For this ede you through preparing your data disk. ^ Each time you start to use EDUCALC, you begin with a clean sheet(screen). Suppose you had previously saved the spreadsheet called EXPENSES and now wish to resume working with that spreadsheet. To do that, you the FILE options in the user's guide. ^ When you create a spreadsheet that you want to save, you need to save it on a separate initialized disk. When you save files with EDUCALC, just follow the easy initializing instructions on the screen. They guiformulas, look in the user's guide. ^ ^ > This unit teaches you * how to SAVE and LOAD a spreadsheet. * how to CLEAR a spreadsheet out of memory in order to begin a new spreadsheet. These are called FILE options. You can read more aboutd to: add (use + to add), subtract (use - to subtract), multiply (use * to multiply), divide (use / to divide). Remember to use () in formulas to group operations. Formulas you create can be up to 30 characters long. For more information about Once FORMULA was selected, we pointed to cell A2, then pressed the minus key(-). 3. Then we typed in the SUM formula, as shown in the previous example. Remember that RETURN is pressed twice to enter any formula. ^ You can use this methoe and what you have spent. ^ As you can see, the value of cell C9 is the result of the formula above. ^ Here is how the formula A2-SUM(C6..C8) was created for cell C9. 1. The cell highlight was on C9 when the FORMULA command was selected. 2. la works in only one column OR row at a time. ^ You can also write other types of formulas. For example, move the cursor to cell C9. ^ This formula was created to show how much you can put in savings each week. It is the difference between your allowanc 3.Then highlight the first cell you want in the SUM and press RETURN to mark it. 4.Then highlight the last cell you want in the SUM and press RETURN to mark it. 5.Then press RETURN again to enter your formula. Remember, the SUM formu OUT OF SPACE $%` L0``   1 ? F r    AA00ȘPI`  `    `  `  i`ej*uj` ` ` +` + ` +` + + + + +8`L0 i0`L/ u `8  `u`& & & L$/ 8u(`(f f f fLG/I`5 ` `U `8 `0  Ȅ`  ` 0ȘPI` 0ȘPI` 00ȘPI`  .$HHlZ.. /////////00000000001v090E00_0Z0/.$/@/f/r/~//.04080 J uFffff f f f` .L/` E  /  & & & &&&&8  ` .MOVE to move a row or column from one place to another on your spreadsheet. When a ROW is moved, it is placed ABOVE the row containing the cell highlight. When a COLUMN is moved, it is placed BEFORE the column containing the cell highlight. ^ To move r INSERT works the same way as DELETE. Let's insert a row above row 10. Select INSERT from this menu. ^ Since you want to insert a ROW, press RETURN. ^ Move the cell highlight to row 10; then press RETURN. ^ That's all there is to it. ^ MOVE You use ve the cell highlight over to column D; then press RETURN. ^ You now have deleted column D. Notice that old column E has moved over to become new column D. ^ Once a row or column has been deleted, it cannot be restored. Therefore use DELETE with care! ^cell highlight is located. ^ To insert or delete a row or column, first select CHANGE from this menu. Then press RETURN. ^ To get rid of column D, select DELETE from this menu. ^ Since you want to delete a COLUMN, press SPACE BAR; then press RETURN. ^ MoELETE You use INSERT to tell the computer to put a new blank row or column into a spreadsheet. Rows are inserted above the cell highlight. Columns are inserted to the left of the cell highlight. You use DELETE to remove the row or column in which the This unit teaches you * how to INSERT and DELETE rows or columns. * how to MOVE a row or a column. * how to EMPTY a cell. These are called the CHANGE options. You can read more about the CHANGE options in the user's guide. ^ INSERT and Deen. ^ But column E still exists. To see column E, move the cell highlight over to column E. ^ Moving beyond the edges of the screen is called scrolling. ^ Now move the cell highlight back to cell A1. ^ You have returned to your previous position. ^ ^ > th of column A to make room. ^ Now select WIDTH. ^ Since the cell highlight was in column A when WIDTH was selected, that is the column whose width will be changed. Change it to 12. ^ Notice how the spreadsheet adjusts. Column E no longer fits on the scracters, but they can be reset to any width up to 15 characters. This change is most useful when text or numbers are too long to fit into a column. ^ Suppose you want to use a word longer than 7 characters in your list of items. You can increase the widplaces. ^ Reset all numbers to 1 decimal place. ^ Notice that all the numbers now show only one decimal place. ^ WIDTH You use the WIDTH command if you want to change the width of a column on the spreadsheet. All columns are set to a width of 7 charisplay up to 7 decimal places. ^ Since DECIMAL is a FORMAT option, choose the FORMAT command. ^ Select DECIMAL option. ^ Unless you change the decimal setting, a spreadsheet will display only whole numbers. This spreadsheet had been reset to two decimal mand if you want to change the number of decimal places you want displayed for all the numbers that appear on the spreadsheet. The EDUCALC spreadsheet is set up to automatically round off to whole numbers (no decimal places showing). You may choose to d ^ > This unit teaches you * how to set the number of DECIMAL places. * how to set the WIDTH of a column. These are called FORMAT options. You can read more about the FORMAT options in the user's guide. ^ DECIMAL You use the DECIMAL comn and allows you to start a new spreadsheet. ^ Remember... if you want to save your work, use SAVE to save your work on your data disk * before you use CLEAN SHEET. * before you LOAD another spreadsheet. * before you turn off the computer! ^replaces the spreadsheet on disk with the spreadsheet in memory. (This time they happen to be the same.) ^ After you SAVE a spreadsheet, you may want to start a new spreadsheet. To do this now, choose the command CLEAN SHEET. ^ CLEAN SHEET clears the screeanother FILE command. Select the SAVE command. ^ When you duplicate a name, it replaces the spreadsheet with that name already on the disk with the spreadsheet you are about to save. ^ EXPENSES To save this spreadsheet, type in EXPENSES. ^ The computer EARN EDUCALC. EDUCALC is a powerful TOOL. When you are ready to use its more advanced features, consult the user's guide that comes with the disk. ^ textfile 4/23/85 12:15pm ^ > those in between adjust to the new spacing. ^ EMPTY You use EMPTY to erase the contents of just one cell. Select EMPTY, then highlight the cell to be emptied and press RETURN. That's all there is to it. ^ Congratulations! You have completed Low 5 above row 4, first select MOVE. ^ Then you select ROW. ^ Place the cell highlight in row 5. Then press RETURN. ^ Now place the cell highlight in row 4. Then, press RETURN. ^ When you move rows or columns that are farther apart, you will see that all z#?     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AK> TT3>a@AϠ1=C TAH>=1H>`   H>T0>9 >OH>` T H>= ===>= #@+A<< #Aا< TT֓ | v I J K M ---------- : Do you want to...1. review this lesson?2. go back to the LEARN menu?3. go on? with EDUCALC? #`45TPD4`j6HHXT+               (7,kqw}J=  LI`8L  i` ]L ]L ]L ] L@ FL FL FL F L@ L L i` L ]L ]L ]L  ] L@ FL V V 8ȩiȥi $i8`JJJJ e)o`0123456789ABCDEFFloating pt at loc 0x underflowoverflowdivide by 0 lW}9 @Thκ8`ޥȱ ȱ ` Ȅ` ?ȩ `  ȑ` LZ21 1=8211 i`l88y2ʽ 0 0ؠ0Q0"Q0 ȱ0ȱ  ``` ; .  8 Ȋȵ L `  8 б2ͺ `Hȱ 4L ,LQ80A LULo i @ **! 8  iκеL`   ` ʆ ` 0 0 8 J ȩ`L` Lo8L `LQq0A LULo  .8n qjJκЭ JLL `  :i@) ȑ`0`8i̼qALUI.0  JLqLQ0 q` LW 8  ``ȱ` !#H HHHHH " "H HHHHH " "`ح LMLstX1311111L6789L   L )8@ȱ̺ BL XL L L  JL !#` !# !"# 8  i iHHHH " "` !#HH " " ` (쭳 ȭȄ` Lȱ  o ``` L $(L`2`S``  $`:P YL L  $ àL `  X ``e"%ȱ$  "L  fL L$()  @ `  )8)`  L `%  !%    j   L9 L`8`$ȱ !8 `  ݜ 08`` `    L :L   Urӳ  Us*  Ϣ `` ,0 ` ` ` L 01 ` `ab s ``,a0,b0` `$ ()(`   %$ "L 0)$202 ?2`H)e)h6 L < y`+P% b;Pׇ b;Pׇ `"* n "n 2և 9;ؐ 2ׇ 2;;<ج؏ڴV3Sؿ V3ЋL1@ԤV3ШV3؏ց.ovr #@+ +  Uӳ Uӳ openingTUTPRACTICETOOLQUIT #1` a #` d81  ]n n W Remove this diskfrom the disk drive, turn it over,put it back in the drive,and press RETURN. #@V3@L1 #V3L1<جؿ X+LGMAIN MENU1 LEARN EDUCALC2 PRACTICE TEMPLATE3 USE EDUCALC4 QUITPRESS 1, 2, 3, OR 4 #S"( ` f1   اC ק֍r C r֪r C r# rց              ue of C10 is a formula, its numeric value will change if you change the value of any cells it refers to. ^ Here are the steps for making a SUM: 1.First, highlight the cell where you want to put the formula. 2.Type "S" to begin the SUM formula. o mark the last number to be added, move the cell highlight down to C9 and press RETURN. Now, enter your formula by pressing RETURN again. ^ Notice that the formula adds up all the values in cells C6 to C9 and shows you the total in C10. ^ Because the valin column C. ^ Here is where we left off. Move the cell highlight to C10. ^ Now select the FORMULA command. ^ To begin making a SUM formula, press the S key. ^ To point to the first number to be added, move the cell highlight to C6. Then press RETURN. ^ Tr column. * how to write a formula to add, subtract, multiply, or divide the value of cells. ^ The EXPENSES spreadsheet needs one more entry. You need to total the amount you have actually spent. You can create a SUM formula to add all the values that you have returned to the ENTER menu. ^ Whenever you change the value of a cell all cells related to that cell will automatically recalculate to reflect that change. ^ ^ > This unit of EDUCALC teaches you * how to write a formula to "sum" a row o enter the amount spent, move the cell highlight to C6. Then select NUMBER from the command menu. ^ Type in 2.00 as the amount you actually spent on BUS. ^ Your number is now on the spreadsheet. Notice that the values of cells E6 and C9 have changed, and bove. ^ RETURN enters the label you typed and takes you back to the ENTER menu. ^ You can always use the ESC key to go back to the previous menu of commands. Press ESC now to see. ^ Press RETURN to choose to enter more information in the spreadsheet. ^ Toh you budget with what you actually spend. ^ The text label "bus" is needed in cell A6. ^ To enter this text label, select the ENTER command by pressing RETURN. ^ Now select TEXT. ^ Type in BUS. Notice it appears in the ENTER WINDOW a5 and you want to keep track of your expenses. You can make a spreadsheet to budget your allowance. You might budget four categories of expenses: bus fares, lunch money, money spent on other things (called "other"), and savings. You can compare how muc that you can change your mind in the middle of an operation or even go all the way back to the disk menu. ^ ^ > This unit teaches you * how to ENTER text into a cell. * how to ENTER a number into a cell. ^ Imagine you have an allowance of $1nal keys shown at the top, right-hand corner. ^ For practice, move the cell highlight within the area shown (A1 to E11). ^ One useful thing to remember: In EDUCALC you can always use ESC to back up. Each press of ESC takes you back one step. That means row 1, column A is called cell A1. ^ When you create a spreadsheet, you ENTER text, numbers, or formulas into the cells. ^ You can see the command highlight on ENTER and the cell highlight on A1. ^ You can move the cell highlight by pressing the directioCE BAR to highlight the command that you want. Then you press RETURN to activate the command. ^ Your spreadsheet appears here. It is made up of columns (vertical) and rows (horizontal). The intersection of a row with a column is called a cell. For example,SING FORMAT COMMANDS 6. USING CHANGE COMMANDS ^ > In this section you will learn how to use the EDUCALC spreadsheet. The menu of commands is always at the top of the screen. Instructions always appear at the bottom of the screen. ^ ^ You use the SPA=? ^ z )9"Jb+ _z  ^ > EDUCALC LEARN MENU BASIC LEARN 1. INTRODUCTION TO USING EDUCALC 2. ENTERING TEXT AND NUMBERS 3. WRITING FORMULAS ADVANCED LEARN 4. USING FILE COMMANDS 5. U              v` 6B 8` 6` 6C8` 6`@A6&&@A @`@ACEABA 8@@AA 8L6[3~3 3 qq- eȱeHH "5 "` !# HH "i" "i iL5iińp0L-6 eȱeeȱeeȱeeȱeL5`@AJ e@eAffv  LP4`ź|unhb]WSNIEA>:741.+)'$" ȱȱ`ȱ ` !# ȱ0L48倅偅ii qq  |6i0i _6ŀpL40Lh5iiX3L3It is now safe to remove the disk.To return to the spreadsheet's mainmenu, press ESC. #` c7  3743`4hh7 7  HHL3hhȱ 7 7  V3V3l  :Lc4 ȱ 0   DGET ACTUAL REMAINDER bus 2.00 2.00 0.00 lunch 5.50 5.00 0.50 other 4.00 4.00 1.50 savings 2.00 4.00 totals 15.00 15.00 ^ > us 2.00 2.00 0.00 lunch 5.50 5.00 0.50 other 4.00 4.00 1.50 savings 2.00 4.00 totals 15.00 15.00 ^ > 15.00 =Week's Allowance ------------------------------------ ITEM BU0 0.00 lunch 5.50 5.00 0.50 other 4.00 4.00 1.50 savings 2.00 4.00 totals 15.00 15.00 ^ > 15.00 =Week's Allowance ITEM BUDGET ACTUAL REMAINDER ------------------------------------ b0 0.50 5.50 4.00 1.50 2.00 4.00 15.00 15.00 ^ > My Weekly Expenses 15.00 =Week's Allowance ITEM BUDGET ACTUAL REMAINDER ------------------------------------ bus 2.00 2.000 other 5.50 4.00 savings 2.00 4.00 totals 15.00 15.00 ^ > My Weekly Expenses =Week's Allowance BUDGET ACTUAL REMAINDER ------------------------------------- 2.00 2.00 0.00 5.50 5.0 1.5 savings 2.0 4.0 totals 15.0 15.0 ^ > My Weekly Expenses 15.00 =Week's Allowance ITEM BUDGET ACTUAL ------------------------------------- bus 2.00 2.00 lunch 5.50 5. 15.00 15.00 ^ > My Weekly Expenses 15.0=Week's Allowance ITEM BUDGET ACTUAL REMAINDER ------------------------------------- bus 2.0 2.0 0.0 lunch 5.5 5.0 0.5 other 5.5 4.0 15.00=Week's Allowance ITEM BUDGET ACTUAL REMAINDER ------------------------------------- bus 2.00 2.00 0.00 lunch 5.50 5.00 0.50 other 5.50 4.00 1.50 savings 2.00 4.00 totals DGET ACTUAL REMAINDER ------------------------------------- bus 2.00 2.00 0.00 lunch 5.50 5.00 0.50 other 5.50 4.00 1.50 savings 2.00 4.00 totals 15.00 ^ > My Weekly Expenses---------------------------- bus 2.00 2.00 lunch 5.50 5.00 0.50 other 5.50 4.00 1.50 savings 2.00 6.00 totals 15.00 ^ > My Weekly Expenses 15.00=Week's Allowance ITEM BU 2.00 2.00 lunch 5.50 5.00 0.50 other 5.50 4.00 1.50 savings 2.00 6.00 totals 15.00 ^ > My Weekly Expenses 15.00=Week's Allowance ITEM BUDGET ACTUAL REMAINDER ---------(*(R(z//:% >  W ڧ :ڧ^ > My Weekly Expenses 15.00=Week's Allowance ITEM BUDGET ACTUAL REMAINDER -------------------------------------      L jjejeLCjjejeL@j `Lj `u`666LLj8u(`(vvvvL{jp  HjȑȑȑL`i ijLWiLCij `ȑȑȑLiiȱiȱiȱip0Li   Li ijLij `Lsi ` !# Lh hjLhLhj `ȑȑȑLNhiȱiȱiȱip0Lh   Lh hjLhj `L0h ` !# ͧjLhjLh ` ` !# ȱ jȱj` f`@f`f  ` !# ȱ j  Hjȑȑȑ LgȑȑȑLgiȱiȱiȱip0Lg   LgLg ``` JJJ )e$f =;;hhj j  HHL`hh* *c9d * [Jc9dS *;]c9d * Zc9d !gCreated byIntentional Educations, Inc.Written byFrancis Gerard PowerwithBob Stickgold, Susan Christie Thomas,Kathleen DeBoer, and George SullivanProgrammed byYen-Cse !g #B+J*G)I(f: _Qb9d * V\b9dS * _yb9dr * Zb9d * b9d * b9d * b9d * ]b9dr * ]b9d * c9d * %c9d ` Lc #gfff}f`jP`cj``j``cj4e afqfcienpb.grol/calcascii.chr #i`jBeseX !g!jajBeseX !g6bjBeseX !g^ncjBese !g #fVkdjBe     MMqqa񕼿éɬߦԑ&z˭K@Cd˷ױӳǭ>2.*646 V$$""NjhS'B`[yWu5oɡK\$ЈΒaĜ 'en9 k5o.a3i4)s9-u'8xuO R 5dphddbac{~~\}?gV*c9DhYBbW OWdM{VJ}DPVB{]  R1nOtP%a.J*'147\0xFbu[qGבgqeqaP뒒FDI]GAK RW!FPVT[G<=8 E_RRFSfd ayidoovcmss}9|f<-maԠzm߬ug de-jhomKecegY[J\[UWQSM[NWHKEBF-BX ^TE#Y>EgeGa3|VbP_eb7X :iWӤlH~uCX-w|<8M 2k~1 1 51 !%jƕXnLv{ccgyz|}JrNvHKH5XFCiIE]DdZ~xvlxꮉ줃 |Z_E3QTZHj749n70wN2@C Z[kslN`N^HR sU!wM/Ċ");=ك!0E;Ŧ*0ȚՕ01 Ȩhall`sgjyM}hxrAF,O9B쥋JIT@T.|+t;"yDFՕOG49.LA_T:H^rCNxJ)]]BlF][!.$H^x< < 4$T !VAduH)Pts2)o]Q@zI@Zgs~.ddCOwd#Ǭ1~}:)4޷(5O(7@])6-VW'P4m7LIdN8oIʽ5İ<9:?Ki`cMq@i+w~{v}pv`c4pXBBGD[MRQvPRV?\\<8'RZqnj|Rq{'41odiKea`fMy~zWyytvYsqrrjyOOmra6@}ŷ]_raWSu%,@/jkhi7:_301~()-- f;lba`lXp3ڇsswIźMoCb,aI$ћҞ?ג3\g?@)&5A+p)>%;@&52h>l13ye+b-+1bw8X 0QF<;)MW9D*)`/)$'=&3ԻT0R߻M+ɕ^"Vktx2wbx`r8  I C2$226+T{X]|=%C1;Ejk~_ vg߁KV[X+򶅔ɭڼԔʺ＿ް1 {ZdNaaNk$tٸu5rߴ]z{."Ӎ.5,1<8u>.ܯ؂p  Rս`gxo{sטp}y4}QFE1HeNSZ,WZ               PA{sw k!;8g[ _$S(W,K0O4C8G<;@?D3H7L+P/eP ^%bfjnr v z~<.<),$,'<:<=%W;95.u![)_-S!"S=Й:xA>~EB9F=J1N5R )V -Z!^%b4f2էEo8_huTlҟvߊ&/$/*%!v1<;%%%%neme`egesp2{X}IxAGyBaIiLaSyVAUIQ\ë-Dp@U=P8߰_d#aX'c\+mP/wT3iH7kL;e@?oDC8G|>>..>>eڢ[1ecckicoawzq1vWٙ]ݟmᥞm壒]鱖]MM]W<Ы ݭ'0@ҺP527>0 {`fb ``\xprr}vwy[OWAG1IEW](V_E[9Ru2"Vd ew i~wrevdԒ8KzQ!CTM$L_,PNgP7YK?]2ʭ#J&9J*0l4! 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