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(A)a disinterested (B)an uninterested (C)a partial (D)an interesting (E)a disinterred7. (A) DISINTERESTED means impartial, neutral. UNINTERESTED means uncaring. DISINTERRED means removed from the ground, taken out of a bwell and be (E)equally good and be6. (E) After the linking verb LOOK, the adjective GOOD is needed, not the adverb WELL. Choice (C) also uses GOOD correctly, but its wording is otherwise awkward.7.The judge wasa disinterestedparty in the ding a tort (a legal wrong).6.Both the architect and the design committee agreed that a smaller dome would lookequally well and befar more energy-efficent. (A)equally well and be (B)just as well and be (C)equally good while also being (D)known as a former vice-presidents9. (D) The subject is singular, KING; HAMLIN is the object of a prepositional phrase and does not affect subject/verb agreement. Since there is a singular subject, you need the singular verb, IS, and must refer to one v States. (A)are not too well known as a former vice-president (B)are not too well known as former vice-presidents (C)is not too well known as former vice-presidents (D)is not too well known as a former vice-president (E)is not too well s a singular pronoun, SHE. Choice (E) changes the meaning of the sentence; if you chose it, you probably read too quickly and carelessly.9.William Rufus DeVane King, like Hannibal Hamlin, are not too well known as a former vice-presidentof the Unitede-up examso they wouldn'tfail. (A)so they wouldn't (B)in order that they wouldn't (C)such that they couldn't (D)so she wouldn't (E)so she would8. (D) The person who hopes not to flunk is the STUDENT. STUDENT is singular and requirelowed by the plural noun QUESTIONS, it requires a plural verb, ARE. Note that choice (B) changes the meaning of the sentence; choice (E) makes no sense when reinserted into the original sentence.8.The geography teacher agreed to give the student a makxamarevery easy to answer. (A)are (B)aren't (C)is (D)isn't (E)will7. (A) SOME is a special word that takes its number from the noun following it (other examples of such special words are ALL, MOST, ANY and NONE). Since SOME is folhis vote (E)his votes6. (D) EVERYONE is singular and requires a singular verb, HAS, and a singular pronoun, HIS. Since the sentence is referring to one person, he will have one vote.7.The teacher assures us that some of the questions on the e5. (C) CRITERIA is the plural form of CRITERION and requires a plural verb. There is no such word as CRITERIAS.6.Everyone has an equal voice in government but must casttheir votesto be heard. (A)their votes (B)their vote (C)votes (D) by the singular noun, PIANIST, the verb must be singular as well.5.Marcy has decided that thecriteria isjust too specific and must be broadened. (A)criteria is (B)criterion are (C)criteria are (D)criterias are (E)criterion wereding, either the drummers or the pianisthasto leave the band. (A)has (B)have (C)had (D)are having (E)have had4. (A) With EITHER/OR, the number of the subject following the OR determines the number of the verb. Since OR is followedowing the NOR determines the number of the verb. Since NOR is followed by the plural noun, CHILDREN, the verb must be plural as well. Note that answers (D) and (E), while grammatically correct, change the meaning of the sentence.4.Because they are feu.3.Neither the president nor her childrenis able to answerthe telephone just now. (A)is able to answer (B)are able to answer (C)is answering (D)are answering (E)will answer3. (B) With NEITHER/NOR, the number of the subject folllets (B)let (C)would lets (D)will lets (E)can let2. (A) The subject is JOHN and is singular, requiring a singular verb. It is irrelevant that BROTHERS is plural; BROTHERS is the object of the preposition, OF, not the subject of the verbe subject and main verb of a sentence.)7.Bryan's appearance and stature were unremarkable, and he even spoke with a slightlisp, nevertheless,all those who heard him considered him a spellbinding orator. (A)lisp, nevertheless, (B)lisp; neverthiety regarded the  attendance6. (E) The original sentence is a FRAGMENT, since it lacks an independent verb. Choice (E) supplies one by turning the participle REGARDING into the past-tense verb REGARDED. (Note that there should be no comma between thMusic society, regarding the  attendance (B)The Chamber Music Society, in regard to the  attendance (C)The Chamber music Society, believing the  attendance (D)The Chamber Music Society, considering the  presence (E)The Chamber Music Socordinate clause, the sentence no longer is a run-on.6. The Chamber Music Society, regarding the attendance of over 300 people at the concert as a remarkable achievement, especially considering the bad weather throughout the evening. (A)The Chamber sentence is a RUN-ON, two independent sentences laced together without the proper punctuation. Using the SO and the THAT makes the second clause subordinate, unable to stand on its own (you could not say, "That they chained themselves..."). With the subedicated they chainedthemselves to the bars of the White House fence. (A)dedicated they chained (B)dedicated, they chained (C)dedicated chained (D)so dedicated that they chained (E)very dedicated that they chained5. (D) The original is no such word as CAPITEL.p of buildings in which government meetings are held; when the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., is meant, an uppercase "C" is used. A city that is the seat of government is called a CAPITAL; as a rule, this word does not take an uppercase "C." Thereary shift to the progressive verb form.12.When she was able to name thecapitalof Iowa, Alice won $10,000 on the television quiz show. (A)capital (B)Capital (C)capitol (D)Capitol (E)capitel12. (A) A CAPITOL is a building or groumblance to (D)is similar as (E)is resembling11. (B) The correct idiom in English is SIMILAR TO. Errors in the choice of prepositions are fairly common on the GMAT. Choice (C) is grammatically correct but wordy; choice (E) introduces an unnecessnd is correct here. 11.Scientists have determined that the nebula now visible in the vicinity of Orionis similar witha previously discovered one several hundred light years closer to Earth. (A)is similar with (B)is similar to (C)has a resem sure she never meantto inferin her article that you made a fool of yourself at the party. (A)to infer (B)inferring (C)to have inferred (D)to imply (E)to implied10. (D) To INFER is to deduce, to conclude. To IMPLY is to suggest ameans to cause. To AFFECT is to influence. AFFECTATION is pretense, artificial behavior to impress others. EFFECTIVENESS is the power to produce a desired result; note that it does not fit grammatically into the sentence.10.Knowing Karen as I do, I a9.The scientists said that it was still too soon to determine whataffectthe new medicine would have on children. (A)affect (B)affects (C)affectation (D)effect (E)effectiveness9. (D) An EFFECT is any result; as a verb, to EFFECT ther. (B)or another. (C)and another. (D)to any other. (E)or other.8. (C) The correct English idiom is BETWEEN ONE...AND ANOTHER. Each of the other answer choices uses an awkward and incorrect preposition or conjunction in place of AND.urial site. Note that choices (C) and (D) change the meaning of the sentence entirely.8.Even after studying the wildflower guide all weekend, Eric still found it difficult to distinguish between one variety of plant lifefrom another. (A)from ano thus must be in the objective case, US.the report, he thrilled everyone present by standing up and saluting weboys and girls who had worked so hard. (A)we (B)us (C)ourselves (D)us, being (E)we, as9. (B) The pronoun is functioning as the object of the verb "saluting" andill be coming (D)would come (E)would have came8. (B) Since the end of this century has not occurred, you need WILL HAVE COME. Choice (C) is grammatically correct but changes the meaning of the sentence.9.When the president finished signing the plural verb. Note that answer choice (C) would make the sentence into a fragment.8.By the time this century ends, many millions of immigrantswill cometo this country from Central and South America. (A)will come (B)will have come (C)we large, (B)dinosaurs is large, (C)dinosaurs, large (D)dinosaurs were large, (E)dinosaurs was large,7. (D) Since the dinosaurs no longer exist, the past tense, WERE, is required when referring to them. "Dinosaurs" is plural and requires o nouns in the subjective case. HE is subjective; HIM is objective; HIS is possessive.7.Extinct many years ago,dinosaurs are large,usually herbivorous reptiles whose remains continue to be a major attraction at museums worldwide. (A)dinosaurs ar (B)could have been his (C)could have been he (D)could have been them (E)could have been they6. (C) The pronoun must be singular to agree with the rest of the sentence. Since the verb is a linking verb, a form of "to be," it connects tw writing must have already taken place, requiring a verb in the simple past tense, "wrote."6.No one is certain whether the masked streaker could have been himbecause he ran by so fast that no one caught more than a glimpse. (A)could have been him teacher will write5. (B) Since the "she found" is not highlighted, you cannot change it. Therefore, you must keep the HAD BEEN STOLEN to maintain the proper tense. Because the teacher MADE the questions even more difficult than they were before, thee night before the exam, the  teacher wrote (C)had been stolen the night before the exam, the  teacher is writing (D)has been stolen the night before the exam, the  teacher is going to write (E)has been stolen the night before the exam, the the use of the semicolon, conjunction, comma formation is correct. You should not capitalize the first word after a semicolon, only the first word in a new sentence.youshould always be receptive to different ideas. (A)new; therefore, you (B)new; therefore; you (C)new, therefore, you (D)new; Therefore, you (E)new, Therefore, you9. (A) Since two independent clauses or sentences are being joined, ation or conjunction. Since Gunther's appearance and preparation were probably the REASONS he got the job, the correct conjunction is BECAUSE. Choices (C) and (E) make no sense of the sentence.9.It's never too late to learn somethingnew; therefore, A)competitors he was (B)competitors because he was (C)competitors although he was (D)competitors and he was (E)competitors but he was8. (B) The original sentence is a RUN-ON. Two distinct sentences are joined without the proper punctu Choice (C) is grammatically correct, but it obscures the meaning of the sentence; choice (D) misplaces the semicolon.8.Gunther probably got the job over the other competitors he wasthe most neatly dressed and the best prepared for the interview. (eless, (C)lisp, and (D)lisp, nevertheless; (E)lisp -- and, nevertheless7. (B) The original sentence is a RUN-ON. To correct it, a semicolon is needed after the word LISP, to indicate that a new independent clause is beginning at that point.onoun, THEY.11.Running at least five miles a dayare my new goals. (A)are my new goals. (B)are my new goal. (C)is my new goals. (D)is my new goal. (E)will be my new goal.11. (D) A clause used as the subject of a sentence is sing(D)is certain which gate they are (E)knows which gate they are10. (A) NONE is a special word that gets its number from the word following it. In this case, it is followed by the plural noun CATTLE and requires a plural verb, ARE, and a plural price-president, not to plural vice-presidents.10.It appears that none of the cattleare certain which gate they aresupposed to exit through. (A)are certain which gate they are (B)are certain which gate it is (C)is certain which gate it is  items). Had the father been trying to compare only two children, he would have used the comparative form, BETTER. which one he loved best. (C)which one he loved more. (D)which one he loved. (E)which ones he loved.9. (B) Since there are three triplets, use the superlative case, BEST (the superlative case is used when referring to MORE than two people oroice (C) reads, "more THEN" rather than "more THAN."9.When George took the triplets home from the hospital, he told his wife that he thought they were all gorgeous and couldn't decidewhich one he loved better. (A)which one he loved better. (B)ore than three times as fast as he had read  before, (E)more than three times faster as he read before,8. (D) The correct expression for a comparison is AS...AS, not AS...THAN. All you need to do in this instance is correct one word. Note that che,thus enabling him to increase his workload in college. (A)more than three times as fast than he had read  before, (B)more than three times faster as he was reading  before, (C)more then three times as fast as he had read  before, (D)me same form. You want three parallel verb phrases: GRADUATING from college, ENTERING the job market and MAKING a lot of money. 8.Ronald found that after taking the speed reading classes he could readmore than three times as fast than he had read befor the goals of every one of my friends. (A)and to make a lot of money (B)and to be making a lot of money (C)and making a lot of money (D)and be making a lot of money (E)and make a lot of money7. (C) You must have all three verbs in thr. Choice (D) makes a double comparison by using the possessive form; it would have been correct had only the plural, DAUGHTERS, been used.7.Graduating from college, entering the job market and to make a lot of moneyas quickly as possible seem to bes the plural pronoun THEIRS, you know that there must be more than one daughter. You want to compare the MIND of the grandmother to the MINDS of the daughters, thus needing a possessive. Choice (B) erroneously uses the possessive of the singular, daughtetersand that she would compare her knowledge to theirs anytime. (A)as her daughters (B)as her daughter's (C)as her daughters' (D)as those of her daughters' (E)as that of her daughter's6. (C) Since the second part of the sentence useoriginal sentence is correct; the items in the series (dishes, silverware and glasses) are all in the same form. Choices (B) and (C) add unnecessary words; choice (D) is awkward.6.The grandmother yelled that her mind was every bit as goodas her daugh dishes, silverware and glasses. (B)dropping dishes, dropping silverware and dropping  glasses. (C)dropping dishes and silverware and glasses. (D)dropping dishes, silverware, glasses. (E)dropping dishes, silverware and glass.5. (A) The ing the college graduates themselves with job openings available today. Choice (B) correctly compares the situation in the past with the current situation.5.The waiter tripped over his own feet,dropping dishes, silverware and glasses. (A)droppinge believes that some of the people she will be hiring to work for her will be unable to afford to park in the security garage, and therefore she wants to find a site with both off-street parking and a nearby bus stop. She also wanr consulting business and is looking for a suitable site for an office. Christina drives a very expensive sports car. She insists upon having an office that has a security guard 24 hours a day and that has covered parking. Shhe gun manufacturer and won a huge settlement. She is now extremely wealthy and does not need to work for the rest of her life, but she enjoys computers and wants to remain in business. She has decided that she wants to expand hetina Hawker is a computer consultant who has worked out of a small office in her home for the past decade since she received her Ph.D. in Computer Science. After losing her hearing in a freak hunting accident recently, Christina sued td by the decision maker in making the decision; (E) if the item is an UNIMPORTANT ISSUE; that is, a consideration that is not immediately relevant in making the decision. ===================================== Chris) if the item is a MINOR FACTOR; that is, a consideration that is of secondary importance in making the decision and is related to a Major Factor; (D) if the item is an ASSUMPTION; that is, a relevant projection or supposition use, ignoring the rest of the sentence. Just read, "The noises...were." Note that answer (D) has a plural verb but makes no sense when reinserted into the sentence.2.If John, who is the eldest of my five brothers,lets me, I will borrow his car. (A)g (B)were so frightening (C)caused such a frightening (D)were frightful, (E)was frightful,1. (B) The subject is NOISES, which is plural and requires a plural verb, WERE. To answer a question like this quickly, match the subject and verb are wonderful things.| |(E)are wonderfuls things.| +------------------------------------------------+1.The noises that we heard late at night when we were alone in the housewas so frighteningthat we all screamed. (A)was so frightenin----+ |Both the radio and the television, developed| |separately but in the same century,is a| | wonderful thing.| |0| |(A)is a wonderful thing.| |(B)are a wonderful thing.| |(C)are wonderful thing.| | (D) effective sentence, one that uses standard written English in a concise and correct manner.Adhere to the meaning of the original sentence.Type the letter corresponding to your choice. EXAMPLE: +--------------------------------------------ed.Following each sentence are five ways of stating the highlighted portion.Answer (A) is identical to the highlighted portion and should be chosen if you think the sentence does not need revision.  Choose the answer that produces the mostr choice.Press the RIGHT arrow key->to begin and to continue to the next question.Press the LEFT arrow key<-if you wish to review previous questions. **DIRECTIONS:Each of the following sentences is either partially or wholly highlightT UrV W  TOPIC 12:AGREEMENT Writing Ability DIRECTIONS:Read each question carefully.From among the answer choices given, select the answer that is BEST.**Type the letter corresponding to you h0o g>    ? 0 o@U@@*B @@{;R@[S          occurred in the past; frequently statements regarding past events are irrelevant to current decisions.12.Inability of Christina's employees to pay for parking in a secure lot (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)12. (D) Christina makes the ASSUMPTION that som(B) (C) (D) (E)11. (E) This is IRRELEVANT. The deafness itself probably won't affect which office site Christina rents; the CAUSE of her deafness certainly has nothing to do with her decision. Note also that this statement refers to something that ngineering firms are. From this you may infer that Christina wants to be near such firms. Note that the statement begins with an "-ing" verb and expresses an action. Such statements often indicate (A) answers.11.Cause of Christina's deafness (A) he offices will be judged.10.Being close to computer and engineering firms (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)10. (A) This is an OBJECTIVE. You are told that Christina wants to have an office in or near "Silicon Gulch" because that's where the computer and ensidered a "subcategory" of the one in question 5.9.Parking facilities available at each office (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)9. (B) This is a MAJOR FACTOR in Christina's decision. Availability of safe parking is an important criterion by which each of thristina considers (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)8. (C) This is a MINOR FACTOR. Location is important, but this statement refers to the location of just one specific office rather than to the location of all the offices as a whole. This statement may be coout her decision) or that she wants to limit her possibilities to a specific number. While each of the sites itself is important, the NUMBER of those sites does not affect the decision-making process.8.Location of the Lope de Vega Boulevard office Cption rather than a factor.7.Number of potential sites considered by Christina (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)7. (E) The number of sites is IRRELEVANT. Nowhere are you told that Christina has limited time (in fact, she still has a whole month to think abou are told that no car has ever been stolen from the Lope de Vega Boulevard parking lot. However, the continuation of this umblemished safety record is a future projection being made by Christina rather than a demonstrable fact. Therefore, it is an assum de Vega Boulevard. It is a very small office with room only for about four workers, but it is located right on a bus line. The office building has a large parking lot with a security guard, and no car has been stolen from the lot s change in the temperature in the office might adversely affect her sensitive equipment. She has checked and learned that the problem will be remedied within the next two weeks. Christina's third potential office is on Lope nville T. Woods building on Inventor Drive. The office is brand new and still has a few problems with the air conditioning and heating systems. Christina, who has some very expensive and delicate computer systems, knows that a sudden fset by the fact that the office is right in the middle of the most populated part of "Silicon Gulch," such that Christina would be very close to the majority of her clients. The next office examined by Christina is in the Grae mere mention of the address will have negative connotations for those in the business community and that such ill will just might carry over to her own business. However, the possibility of such negative feelings is more than of office has a medium-sized reception area and several large rooms that could house much equipment. It was last used by an investment firm that went bankrupt, losing much money for its clients. Christina is somewhat afraid that thts an office that is in or close to "Silicon Gulch," the local nickname for a part of the city that houses many computer manufacturers and engineering firms. The first office that Christina considers is on Wildegay Drive. Theand a 3.5 in his major, but he has done years of outside community work and is well known and respected in his neighborhood as a hard worker who cares about people. Because he is fluent in both Spanish and English, he has never tand has taken five semesters of Russian language classes. The final applicant is Jorge Albertez. He comes from a very poor family and is the first member of his family to finish high school. He has only a 3.0 average overall idual freedom" as her reasons. She has a brilliant academic record, with a perfect 4.0, but has never worked in her life and is quite content to remain on the welfare rolls indefinitely. She wants to major in Russian Literature aSpanish. She comes from a very wealthy family and is engaged to be married to a millionaire. Denise Cohen has been to two other colleges and has dropped out of each after just one semester, citing "boredom" and "lack of indiv She has a 3.0 average overall, a 3.65 in her major, and has spent two years in Europe traveling with a French family. Although she has never taken language classes, her time in France has made her perfectly fluent in both French and he must sign a binding contract stating that if he does not finish all four years of school and receive a bachelor's degree, he will repay the school all the money it spent on him. Maya Osceola is the first applicant considered. t two semesters of a foreign language is preferred, a student may substitute humanities classes such as sociology or psychology for the language classes. A scholarship student does not need to demonstrate financial need; however, No one is admitted who has a grade point average below a 3.0 (out of a possible 4.0) overall and below a 3.5 in his or her major. A student must have taken a minimum of four semesters each of math and science. While having at leas 100 applicants, the admission committee has narrowed the field down to three worthy scholars. In order to receive a full scholarship, the student must first meet the stringent academic requirements of the University of Jenn. r years of tuition, books, and room and board, and will provide $500.00 spending money per month for the student to allow him or her to devote full time to academic work. After going through more than 300 applications and interviewing ecision. ===================================== PASSAGE TWO The University of Jenn, located in Indianapolis, Indiana, wants to award a full scholarship to one student this year. It will pay for fou is an ASSUMPTION; that is, a relevant projection or supposition used by the decision maker in making the decision; (E) if the item is an UNIMPORTANT ISSUE; that is, a consideration that is not immediately relevant in making the d in the passage that is fundamental in making the decision; (C) if the item is a MINOR FACTOR; that is, a consideration that is of secondary importance in making the decision and is related to a Major Factor; (D) if the item. Evaluate each item separately and choose for PASSAGE TWO (A) if the item is an OBJECTIVE; that is, a goal, outcome, or result sought by the decision maker; (B) if the item is a MAJOR FACTOR; that is, a consideration mentionedo enter theREAD MORE mode to see a longer excerpt of the passage. Press ^Sto return to theSEE QUESTIONmode for a shorter section of the passage with the question below. ** DIRECTIONS: The numbered items refer to the passagee of her employees will not be able to afford the covered, secure parking that she herself demands. The passage states that Christina BELIEVES this will be true, thus allowing you to note that she has made the assumption.\ ** Pressing^Rallows you tls out, claiming that there was an unwritten but understood agreement that they would have a vote on whether or not to sell the company. Cheryl would like to avoid alienating these old friends. Some members of Cheryl's familyes are retired people who sank their life savings into the candy company; they do not want to have to deal with "company types" and learn all about the rules and regulations of the business world. They threaten to sue Cheryl if she selought the franchises are against the sale. They point out that they purchased the franchises based on their friendship with Cheryl and the knowledge that small problems could be worked out "between friends." Many of the franchiseFund would change its focus from helping the local needy to working with the needy nationwide. Cheryl has spent all her life in one area and wants to keep the money in her community as much as possible. Cheryl's friends who bliability and help the charity at the same time. Her accountant and the NCC accountants have met and assure Cheryl that such a plan could easily be carried out. However, Cheryl is somewhat afraid that with all that money, the Desmond oman for the Desmond Fund, a local charity and is very involved in raising funds for it. If she were to accept the buy-out offer of NCC, she would have the money paid directly to the charity. By doing so, she could avoid any tax and control the franchises. Cheryl has only six weeks to make the decision before the offer is withdrawn. Cheryl has made a great deal of money in the past few years and is financially independent. However, she is the chairw National Candy Company (NCC), a worldwide candy firm, to sell her business. NCC has offered Cheryl $6 million to buy all rights, including the name of the company, the secret recipes used to make the candy, and the rights to award decision. The decision is which student to give the scholarship to; the location of the school does not affect this decision. It might be a consideration of those applying for the scholarship but not of those awarding it.17.Availability of money for tllege. Therefore, they must be operating on the assumption that such courses are an important part of the well-prepared student's background.16.Location of the University of Jenn (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)16. (E) This is IRRELEVANT to this particular of math and science classes in academic preparation for college (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)15. (D) The decision-makers will not consider any student who has not taken at least four math courses and four science courses as part of the preparation for cohe overall OBJECTIVE of the decision-makers. It is their major goal, their primary reason for doing what they are doing. Note that the statement begins with an "-ing" verb; often statements so beginning express action and are objectives.15.Importancementioned, it is still irrelevant to this specific decision. Do NOT feel that something is automatically relevant simply because it was mentioned.14.Choosing the best possible recipient for a scholarship (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)14. (A) This is tirst Question, Second Passage)13. (E) This is IRRELEVANT. A student's reputation outside of the academic sphere is not a consideration of the members of the scholarship committee. Note that even though this is a positive quality that is specifically nefit from receiving the scholarship. They wish to choose the best possible candidate in hopes of enhancing the overall quality of the student body.13.Jorge's reputation in the community as a hard worker (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (Fken any language classes. He has taken many humanities classes, but has never studied algebra or geometry. After reviewing the applicants' files, the scholarship committee members meet to discuss which applicant would most be. (A) As the last sentence of the third paragraph clearly states, keeping her old friends happy is one of Cheryl's MAJOR OBJECTIVES in this situation.10.Avoidance of tax liability on income from sale of Cheryl's Chocolates (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)fects one of the major factors in Cheryl's decision -- namely, the attitude of the franchisees toward the prospective sale of the company.9.Maintenance of good relations with friends who have bought franchises from Cheryl (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)9's objectives -- to avoid paying taxes on the income from her sale of the company, if she can.8.Control to be exercised over franchisees by NCC after acquisition of Cheryl's Chocolates (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)8. (C) This is a MINOR FACTOR. It afss. It relates directly to one of her major objectives -- the one named in item 3.7.Tax status of income to be realized from sale of Cheryl's Chocolates (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)7. (B) This is a MAJOR FACTOR. It relates directly to one of Cherylwith maintaining their secrecy or is reluctant to reveal them for the right price.6.Feelings of Cheryl's family about the proposed sale of Cheryl's Chocolates (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)6. (B) This is a MAJOR FACTOR in Cheryl's decision-making proceZ;,5.Maintenance of secrecy of Cheryl's chocolate recipes (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)5. (E) This is IRRELEVANT. The passage states that NCC wishes to purchase the rights to Cheryl's secret recipes; it does not state or imply that Cheryl is concerned heryl are assuming that the sale will have unpleasant consequences for the franchise holders.sent franchisees (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)4. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION. No evidence is given in the passage as to whether or not NCC is willing to operate in a manner that the franchisees will feel comfortable with. Instead, both the franchisees and Cryl's family (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)3. (A) As the last sentence of the fourth paragraph of the passage makes clear, one of Cheryl's OBJECTIVES is to satisfy her family's wishes if she can.4.Unwillingness of NCC to accommodate the wishes of pre family; the wishes of her husband and son are thus a major factor in the decision. Chuck's desire to spend more time with Cheryl is a component of this major factor, and so is classified as a minor factor.3.Satisfying the wishes of the members of Ches the second paragraph explains, helping the charity financially is one of her goals.2.Chuck's desire to spend more time with Cheryl (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)2. (C) This is a MINOR FACTOR. One of Cheryl's objectives is to placate the members of heruct spokeswoman. Cheryl takes some time off and goes to her vacation home to consider the offer.1.Providing financial help to the Desmond Fund (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)1. (A) This is an OBJECTIVE of Cheryl, the decision maker. A remaining with the firm as its representative and public relations person, or leaving the firm entirely. She would have no control over the quality of the product or over the expansion of the firm, but would act primarily as a prodced last year. He feels that Cheryl has been spending too little time with him and should give up working entirely. Cheryl wishes to meet the desires of her family members if possible. If Cheryl sells out, she has the option of has no desire to have to take orders from someone else. Cheryl's husband, Chuck, wants Cheryl to sell the company so that the two of them can have more time together to work out the problems that led to their almost getting divor are against the sale. Her son wants to go into the business and has been going to college and majoring in business to prepare himself to take over the firm someday. He has always pictured himself as the president of the firm ande will save a substantial amount by not heating the office and by disconnecting the telephone service. He will also be able to lay off clerical personnel whose sole function is to run the office. He will redirect the money he savst step is to cut down on expenses. He will close the main office for the next month, working entirely out of his home and the homes of his family. Although, because he has a lease, he will still have to pay rent on the office, h gloating in public, telling the newspaper and television reporters that a union would have ensured that the company would not have gotten into financial difficulties in the first place. Paul Hernandez has decided that the firno one is willing to work for less than regular pay. Unless construction workers continue to work, no jobs will be completed and H&S will go bankrupt. Union representatives, who have tried unsuccessfully for years to unionize H&S, arers who are hired on a job-to-job basis. These workers receive no insurance or unemployment benefits and are paid slightly more than minimum wage. Because of this part-time approach, no workers have developed a loyalty to H&S and r $6,000, excluding the salaries paid to the Hernandez family members. The family members have been working without salaries for the past six months. The majority of the $6,000 monthly payroll goes to part-time construction worke and grandfather did before him. However, unless H&S can come up with over $50,000 by the end of the month, the firm will have to file for reorganization under the bankruptcy laws. The monthly overhead for payroll is just oveusiness, is unable to meet its payroll and other obligations for the first time in its history. Paul Hernandez, the current president of the firm, wants to keep the firm operational so that he can pass it along to his sons as his father ======================================= PASSAGE TWO P. C. Hernandez and Sons, Inc. is currently suffering severe cash flow problems. Established in 1870, H&S, as it is known in the construction bSUMPTION; that is, a relevant projection or supposition used by the decision maker in making the decision; (E) if the item is an UNIMPORTANT ISSUE; that is, a consideration that is not immediately relevant in making the decision. assage that is fundamental in making the decision; (C) if the item is a MINOR FACTOR; that is, a consideration that is of secondary importance in making the decision and is related to a Major Factor; (D) if the item is an ASte each item separately and choose for PASSAGE TWO (A) if the item is an OBJECTIVE; that is, a goal, outcome, or result sought by the decision maker; (B) if the item is a MAJOR FACTOR; that is, a consideration mentioned in the pheREAD MORE mode to see a longer excerpt of the passage. Press ^Sto return to theSEE QUESTIONmode for a shorter section of the passage with the question below. ** DIRECTIONS: The numbered items refer to the passage. Evalua(C) (D) (E)12. (E) This is an IRRELEVANT ISSUE. The quality of the product is mentioned only in passing near the end of the passage; it plays no role in the decision-making process that Cheryl is undergoing.g ** Pressing^Rallows you to enter t This is a MAJOR FACTOR for Cheryl. It relates directly to one of her objectives -- namely, her desire to maintain good relations with her friends who bought franchises in the company.12.Local reputation for quality of Cheryl's Chocolates (A) (B) 10. (A) The second paragraph of the passage strongly implies that avoiding tax liability is one of Cheryl's OBJECTIVES in this situation.11.Attitude of franchisees toward acquisition of Cheryl's Chocolates by NCC (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)11. (B) er that the store will rent for only $1,500 a month and that he can get a two-year, no-raise lease. Rayfield figures that opening a new store would cost approximately $100,000, including moving costs and obtaining new inventory. hopping center, "Frankstown," in the suburbs. Slated to be completed in just over a month, it will be right in the middle of what sociologists predict will be the "new downtown," the most crowded area of the city. Frank tells his brothep the firm operational; the fact that the union is gloating over the firm's difficulties does not affect the outcome of the decision.19.Rental cost of the office (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)19. (E) This is IRRELEVANT. Since Mr. Hernandez is unable toe office just to save that money, one of his objectives is saving costs in the office.18.Union gloating over current difficulties of Hernandez and Sons (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)18. (E) This is IRRELEVANT. The decision being made here is how to keithout being paid. Note that "willingness" specifies a particular feeling and often indicates a (D) answer.17.Saving overhead costs in the office (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)17. (A) This is an OBJECTIVE. Since Paul Hernandez is considering closing thnue to work without salaries (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)16. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION. Since H&S is not currently paying those salaries and has not done so for quite some time, Hernandez assumes that the family members are willing to continue working wll the firm; he certainly wants to do everything he can to keep it running. However, selling is one option he has available to him and the offer by Wung Tu is one of the sales offers he will consider.16.Willingness of Hernandez family members to conti statement beginning with an "-ing" verb, such as "meeting," indicates an action and often introduces an (A) answer.15.Buy-out offer made by Wung Tu (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)15. (C) This is a MINOR FACTOR. Paul Hernandez may or may not decide to seortant factors he considers is family tradition and history.14.Meeting payroll obligations (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)14. (A) This is an OBJECTIVE. Paul Hernandez wants to be able to pay his construction workers and thus keep the firm operational. Ag H&S (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (First Question, Second Passage)13. (B) This is a MAJOR FACTOR. The company has been a family affair for over a century, and Paul Hernandez wants to be able to pass it along to his own children. One of the most imprk, but its purchase offer is fair and reasonable. Paul Hernandez and his family decide to take a few days to consider all their options and determine what would be their best course of action.13.Family tradition of runnind above those obligations. Another purchase offer has been made by Carter Construction, a firm that has been a competitor of H&S for years. Carter Construction has a reputation for providing shoddy materials and doing inferior woung Tu, has made a purchase offer for H&S, but it is significantly below market value. Accepting it would allow H&S to pay off long-standing debts and to meet its current obligations, but would provide virtually no capital over an offered to merge with Hernandez and Sons. The merger would allow H&S to continue operating under its own name, but would completely remove all executive decisions from the subsidiary firm and vest them in Welon, Inc. A foreign firm, W with the government. Paul Hernandez realizes that he might have to sell the company or merge with another firm if he wants to pay his creditors and maintain the family pride. Another large construction firm, Welon, Inc., hases into paying his construction personnel. He will also lend the company some of his own money to meet its payroll obligations for a two-week period. After that, he believes that he can get an advance payment on a contract he has uld enable Castro Casuals to expand worldwide, giving both DeStefano and Davis an opportunity to become quite wealthy. Recently, however, Davis has been offered a position on the design staff of H. Pratt, Inc., a large and weliend. During the past eight years, Davis's designs have helped to make Castro Casuals one of the most important design firms in the region. DeStefano believes that, within the next five years, the popularity of Davis's designs cocause of the possible departure of her most valued employee, Bob Davis, the chief designer. DeStefano takes pride in the fact that it was she who had "discovered" Davis eight years before when she'd heard of his work from a frs not immediately relevant in making the decision. ===================================== PASSAGE TWO Nora DeStefano is the president of Castro Casuals, a clothing design firm. She faces a crisis bed to a Major Factor; (D) if the item is an ASSUMPTION; that is, a relevant projection or supposition used by the decision maker in making the decision; (E) if the item is an UNIMPORTANT ISSUE; that is, a consideration that iAJOR FACTOR.6.Number of children Rayfield has (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)) (E)5. (B) The first paragraph of the passage tells you that Rayfield feels compelled to act because of the failure of his business to attract new customers in recent years. An element in a passage which forces the decision maker to act is usually a M he might not be able to expand unless he brings in new customers; therefore, there is a need to attract such customers. Note that frequently "need" indicates a (D) answer.5.Failure to attract new customers to Rayfield's business (A) (B) (C) (D the passage; although you are told that Rayfield sells jade and pearl jewelry, this fact is irrelevant.4.Need to attract new customers to the firm (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)4. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION. You are told that Rayfield is concerned thatE) This is IRRELEVANT. The decision being made here is what to do about expansion; the type of jewelry sold has nothing to do with that decision. Note that you should not automatically assume that a statement is relevant just because it was mentioned in the surveys in order to expand his business and increase his sales. Note that a statement beginning with an infinitive (here, "to expand") frequently indicates an (A) answer.3.Type of jewelry sold by Rayfield's company (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)3. (ecognition threshold for his firm; it is simply something he "feels" is true. This makes it a typical (D) item.2.To expand the jewelry business (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)2. (A) This is an OBJECTIVE. Rayfield is considering the options and studying longer has the drive to begin again.1.Need for Rayfield's business to be known by 30% of local residents (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)1. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION. No hard evidence is given for Rayfield's belief that 30% represents the significant rld lives in a community property state; if his wife divorces him, she will receive one-half of everything he owns. When Rayfield's first wife divorced him, he lost control of his firm and had to start all over again. At 51, he nond wants to be around more to watch this child grow up. He knows that if he opens a new store, he will be there 16 hours a day. His wife has threatened to divorce him unless he pays more attention to her and his children. Rayfie Rayfield's wife is expecting their sixth child and wants him to stop working so hard and spend more time with her and the family. Rayfield feels guilty that he was at home so little after the births of his first five children al-established firm. Mr. Pratt has offered to nearly triple Davis's salary, and has guaranteed him the services of a staff of top-quality seamstresses, tailors, cutters, and other personnel. Despite his personal loyalty to DeStefasion.nloyees of Welon, Inc. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)25. (E) This is IRRELEVANT. The non-union status of the employees of H&S is mentioned in connection with their low wages, but the union status of the Welon employees has nothing to do with Hernandez's deciR. The primary consideration Mr. Hernandez has is paying the construction workers to keep the business running. Therefore, the amount that the construction workers are paid is one of the most significant factors to be considered.25.Unionization of empvoid having to file for bankruptcy. Note that this statement begins with an infinitive, "to file." Infinitives frequently begin (A) answers.24.Amount of monthly payroll for construction workers (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)24. (B) This is a MAJOR FACTOat this time.23.To avoid filing for bankruptcy (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)23. (A) This is an OBJECTIVE. The reason Paul Hernandez is considering all the options and looking for a way to meet his payroll is that he wants to continue the business and a debts of Hernandez and Sons (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)22. (E) This is IRRELEVANT. The problem here is how to meet current obligations, specifically the payroll for construction workers. The general debts are not a factor Paul Hernandez is considering  (C) (D) (E)21. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION. Hernandez does not consider any difficulties that might arise out of operating the business from his home; rather, he assumes that it will be possible to operate in this fashion.22.Outstanding long-termandez "believes" that the advance payment can be obtained, but he has no proof that this is possible. Note that projections of future events are often classified as assumptions.21.Feasibility of operating H&S out of Hernandez family homes (A) (B) change the situation because of the lease, the rent represents a fixed cost and is not considered as part of the decision-making process.20.Possibility of obtaining advance payment on government contract (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)20. (D) Mr. Hernade and if so, how important it is overall. 3.REREAD your answers, looking for subcategories (one item that is part of a broader issue) or parallel items (two items that refer to similar characteristics of two different alternatives).lpassage carefully, noting who is going to make the decision, exactly what the decision is, and any alternative options or results of the decision. 2.READ each numbered item and determine whether or not it is relevant to the decision being mo must make that decision.Following each passage will be short statements based on the passage.You are to classify the items on the basis of their relative importance to the decision being made. HOW TO APPROACH THE QUESTION: 1.READ the QUESTIONS:35 (usually divided into groups of 17 and 18). QUESTION FORMAT:You will be given two passages that appear to resemble lengthy reading comprehension passages.Each passage will introduce a decision to be made and the person(s) wh*#ANALYSIS OF SITUATIONS Use this AID! SCREEN to remind yourself of the best approach to this question type.For additional information refer to the SPECIAL STRATEGIES: ANALYSIS OF SITUATIONS portion of the printed booklet. NUMBER OF     "suspects" that the contract would not hold up in court; she has no hard-and-fast evidence that this is so.16.Retaining the services of Davis as chief designer (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)16. (A) This is, of course, the most important OBJECTIVE of DeSte.15.Likelihood that Davis could successfully challenge the validity of his contract with Castro Casuals (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (First Question, Second Passage)15. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION made by DeStefano. You are told that she simply ano believes that Davis's talents would be difficult or impossible to replace, and that his designs are worth more to the firm than new offices would be. DeStefano has one week in which to inform Davis and Pratt of her respons rent-free for five years in exchange for the release of Davis from his contract. Castro Casuals is badly in need of new office space, and cannot afford to rent the space on its own, making this an attractive offer. However, DeStef DeStefano would prefer to avoid. Mr. Pratt is aware of the existence of the contract between Castro and Davis. Hoping to avoid complications, he has offered DeStefano the use of a modern office building owned by H. Pratt, Inc., court. However, she could use the threat of a lawsuit to intimidate Davis into remaining on her staff. Of course, such an action would have negative effects on her relationship with Davis and on the morale of her employees, whichthreats. Two years ago, Davis signed a personal services contract binding him to Castro Casuals for the next ten years. DeStefano suspects that the contract, which is strongly slanted in favor of the company, may not stand up in ible. DeStefano feels that a raise of that size, coupled with the prospect of substantial wealth in the near future, might suffice to sway Davis. A second option would be to attempt to prevent Davis from leaving through legal ry to make remaining at Castro more attractive to Davis. Castro Casuals cannot afford to triple Davis's salary, but an increase of about 50% could be arranged. The hiring of one or two more highly skilled assistants might also be possno, Davis has made it clear that unless she can match or nearly match Pratt's offer, he will feel compelled to leave Castro Casuals. DeStefano is weighing several possible responses to this situation. One option would be to td REREAD the ENTIRE sentence with your answer choice inserted to see if your revised version is logical. tto catch the errors with your mouth as well as your eyes. 2.LOCATE and CORRECT any errors.PREDICT how you would correct a grammatical error or would rewrite the sentence to make it more logical or concise.  3.CHOOSE the best answer anical to the original highlighted section.Choose the answer that would best correct the sentence; if the original way of stating the sentence is best, choose (A). HOW TO APPROACH THE QUESTION: 1.SUBVOCALIZE the sentence; read it to yourself R OF QUESTIONS ON THE GMAT:25 QUESTION FORMAT:Each question presents a sentence that is either partially or wholly highlighted. Following the sentence will be five ways of stating the highlighted portion; the first choice, (A), will be ident*l WRITING ABILITY Use this AID! SCREEN to remind yourself of the best approach to this question type.For additional information refer to the GRAMMAR RULES and SPECIAL STRATEGIES:WRITING ABILITY portions of the printed booklet. NUMBE    z#     б®àбàб®à1 бà б®à.!вà"в®à, бàб®àбàб®àбàб®àбàϠвРгРбàб®àбàб®àuld be broken. (A)are bad habits (B)are a bad habit (C)is bad habits (D)is a bad habit (E)was a bad habit12. (D) The subject of the sentence is the phrase GESTICULATING WILDLY WHILE SPEAKING ON THE TELEPHONE. It is singular and requular. Here, RUNNING AT LEAST FIVE MILES A DAY is the subject and requires a singular verb, IS. There is only one goal. Note that (E) changes the meaning of the sentence.12.Gesticulating wildly while speaking on the telephone are bad habitsthat shone alternative attractive to DeStefano -- namely, the alternative of allowing Davis to go to Pratt in exchange for the use of the building. Since this affects consideration of only one alternative, it is a MINOR FACTOR rather than a major one.ech, or nearly match, the employment package offered by Pratt if she wishes to keep Davis with Castro Casuals.25.Value of the rent-free office being offered to Castro Casuals by Pratt (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)25. (C) The value of the office makes oavis by Pratt (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)24. (B) This is a MAJOR FACTOR. It establishes a set of conditions that DeStefano must satisfy if she is to achieve one of her objectives -- namely, retaining Davis on her staff. As the passage says, she must matTOR.23.Future worldwide expansion of Castro Casuals (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)23. (A) This is one of the goals DeStefano has for the company. Therefore, this is an (A) item -- an OBJECTIVE of the decision maker.24.Employment package offered to Dof the conditions which DeStefano must match if she is to retain Davis's services, this is a factor. Since it is only one component part of the entire package being offered by Pratt -- which constitutes a major factor -- the salary increase is a MINOR FACtefano is considering trying to intimidate Davis through legal threats, not Pratt; there is no indication that Pratt would be involved in any lawsuit.22.Size of the salary increase offered to Davis by Pratt (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)22. (C) As one of knowing whether Davis's designs will be equally popular in other parts of the world.21.Plausibility of intimidating Pratt through legal threats (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)21. (E) This item may look like a (D), but it is an UNIMPORTANT ISSUE. DeS) (C) (D) (E)20. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION made by DeStefano. She hopes to expand Castro Casuals worldwide on the strength of Davis's designs. However, since the firm has, up to the present, operated only on a regional basis, she really has no way two new assistants for Davis (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)19. (C) This is a MINOR FACTOR. It is a component part of the major factor named in item 18, and so is a typical minor factor.20.Popularity of Davis's designs in the worldwide market (A) (B This is a MAJOR FACTOR. Notice how directly it relates to one of DeStefano's objectives -- namely, to retain Davis on her staff. The overall cost of keeping Davis is a significant consideration in the decision DeStefano must make.19.Cost of hiring se of the bad effects that would have on employee morale. Thus, maintenance of good employee morale is one of her OBJECTIVES in the situation.18.Overall costs involved in retaining Davis on the Castro Casuals staff (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)18. (B)efano in the passage -- to hang on to Davis as her chief designer if she possibly can.17.Maintenance of good employee morale at Castro Casuals (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)17. (A) The passage states that DeStefano would prefer to avoid suing Davis becau (4);"PR#3"::Q" Please put Programs (Side 1) into DRIVE #1 and"" press CONTROL-OPEN-APPLE-RESET. Thank you!" "(D)were amazed at how tall the new (E)are amazed at how tall the new7. (D) TALL IN HEIGHT is redundant; eliminate the IN HEIGHT to express the same idea. The past tense, WERE, is required so that the main clause agrees with the rest of the sentamazed at how tall in height the newConvention Center towers were; they had never seen anything so grand. (A)were amazed at how tall in height the new (B)are amazed at how tall in height the new (C)will be amazed at how tall in height the new eing told she shouldn't do that,6. (B) SO refers to actions or situations; IT and THAT refer to specific nouns. In this case, SO is required because it is referring to the action of placing posters on the walls.7.The visitors from the countrywere all over the walls of the student union. (A)Despite being told she couldn't do it, (B)Despite having been told she couldn't do so, (C)Despite having been told she couldn't do it, (D)Despite being told she couldn't do that, (E)Despite b5. (D) The sentence refers to a person and thus must use the relative pronoun WHO, not WHICH. Choice (E) changes the tense and the meaning of the sentence.6. Despite being told she couldn't do it,Samantha placed her student council election postersever recognizes in herself. (A)is the author which has done the best job (B)is the author which has done a good job (C)is an author which is doing a good job (D)is the author who has done the best job (E)is the author doing the best job the salaries of the college graduates." Choice (E) has THEN rather than THAN. 5.Jane Austen, in my opinion,is the author which has done the best jobof describing in a humorous way the little mannerisms that everyone finds so annoying in others but nit changes the verb to the incorrect tense HAS LEFT. es (C)left their sunglasses (D)had sunglasses left (E)has left his sunglasses15. (B) The indefinite pronoun SOMEONE is singular. Therefore, the pronoun that refers back to SOMEONE must also be singular -- HIS. Choice (E) also uses HIS, but lar. Therefore, the pronoun should also be singular: SHE.15.The janitor stated that someone on the men's volleyball teamhad left their sunglassesin the locker room after yesterday's game. (A)had left their sunglasses (B)had left his sunglass(A)they should request (B)she should request (C)it should be requested for (D)them should request (E)a request should be made for14. (B) The antecedent of the highlighted pronoun is the indefinite pronoun ANYONE, which is always singu is a prepositional phrase that does not affect subject/verb agreement. Use AND to connect the two names and make the subject plural.14.If anyone wishes to speak on behalf of the Women's Caucus,they should requesta spot on the convention schedule.  (E)Bonnin, as with Nancy Ward,13. (D) Since the second part of the sentence is not highlighted, it cannot be changed. The plural verb WERE is used, requiring a plural subject. As written, the subject is just Gertrude Bonnin; ALONG WITH NANCY WARDh;113.GertrudeBonnin, along with Nancy Ward, were two American Indian women who were respected by all who met them. (A)Bonnin, along with Nancy Ward, (B)Bonnin, as well as Nancy Ward, (C)Bonnin, or Nancy Ward, (D)Bonnin and Nancy Ward     ires a singular verb, IS. There is only one habit; the fact that it has two parts does not make it plural.compare two plurals: the salaries of high school graduates and the salaries of college graduates. You need the plural pronoun, THOSE, rather than the singular pronoun, THAT. Choice (D) has an unnecessary possessive, making it mean, "than the salaries ofrthan that of college graduates. (A)than that of college graduates. (B)than that of college graduates'. (C)than those of college graduates. (D)than those of college graduates'. (E)then those of college graduates.4. (C) You want to postrophe is the possessive form of IT and would be used in a sentence such as, "The car lost its brakes suddenly." There is no such word as ITS'; the plural possessive form of IT is THEIR.4.The salaries of high school graduates generally are much loweot one thing,it's another." (A)it's another." (B)its another." (C)its' another." (D)its is another." (E)it' is another."3. (A) IT'S with an apostrophe is a contraction of IT IS and is correctly used in this sentence. ITS with no af Felicia's knowledge. While choice (D) (with only a single negative) is grammatically correct, it is not as clear and concise as choice (E).3.As she went into the principal's office for the third time that day, Bridget was heard to mumble, "If it's nnothing (C)does know hardly nothing (D)does know hardly anything (E)knows hardly anything2. (E) The original sentence has a double negative: both HARDLY and DOESN'T are negative. Remove the DOESN'T to maintain the general idea of the lack o the BECAUSE. THE MAIN REASON is singular and requires a singular verb.2.Felicia is the first to admit that shedoesn't know hardly anythingabout cooking and has no interest in learning. (A)doesn't know hardly anything (B)doesn't know hardly king cups. (A)was because the Romans were (B)was that the Romans were (C)were because the Romans were (D)were that the Romans were (E)is because the Romans were1. (B) To say "the reason is BECAUSE" is redundant and verbose; eliminate| | (D) are wonderful things.| |(E)are wonderfuls things.| +------------------------------------------------+1.Some historians think that the main reason the Roman Empire fellwas because the Romans werepoisoned by lead in their drin-----------------+ |Both the radio and the television, developed| |separately but in the same century,is a| | wonderful thing.| |0| |(A)is a wonderful thing.| |(B)are a wonderful thing.| |(C)are wonderful thing.uces the most effective sentence, one that uses standard written English in a concise and correct manner.Adhere to the meaning of the original sentence.Type the letter corresponding to your choice. EXAMPLE: +-------------------------------lly highlighted.Following each sentence are five ways of stating the highlighted portion.Answer (A) is identical to the highlighted portion and should be chosen if you think the sentence does not need revision.  Choose the answer that prodding to your choice.Press the RIGHT arrow key->to begin and to continue to the next question.Press the LEFT arrow key<-if you wish to review previous questions. **DIRECTIONS:Each of the following sentences is either partially or who\ ]9^0E_  TOPIC 17:MISCELLANEOUS GRAMMAR Writing Ability DIRECTIONS:Read each question carefully.From among the answer choices given, select the answer that is BEST.**Type the letter correspon |0| EPb    0 L@ @I0   ;RRP'U  VPdW=XPYZ0S\         non-highlighted part of the sentence (which you cannot change) uses YOU, you must use YOU throughout. The tense change in choice (D) makes it incorrect with the rest of the sentence.13.Our new department head suddenly decreed that the office would be waited, until the last possible moment, (D)If you waited until the last possible moment (E)If you wait until the last possible moment12. (E) Although ONE is usually preferable to YOU in formal written English, consistency is critical. Since theNLYs.12. If one waits until the last possible momentto study for an important exam, you may do much worse on the exam than you should. (A)If one waits until the last possible moment (B)If one waited until the last possible moment (C)If one e member who (E)The committee member who11. (E) ALL AT ONCE and SUDDENLY mean the same thing. The sentence is verbose and redundant with both; you may eliminate one. Note that inserting choice (D) into the original sentence would give you two SUDDEn so argumentative and belligerent suddenly calmed down and agreed to do things our way. (A)All at once, the committee member who (B)All at once, the committee member that (C)All at once, the committee member which (D)Suddenly, the committely problem with the original sentence is the tense of the second verb, BECOME. It should be the past tense, BECAME, in order to be parallel with the other verbs in the series: REBELLED, BECAME, CHANGED.11. All at once, the committee member whohad beeebelled on college campuses, nuclear  families become less common (D)students, rebelled on college campuses, and  nuclear families became less common (E)students rebelled on college campuses, nuclear  families became less common10. (E) The onbecome less commonand the values of the country changed forever. (A)students rebelled on college campuses, nuclear  families become less common (B)students rebelled on college campuses, and  nuclear families become less common (C)students, r|;E 9. (B) The original sentence has an ELLIPSIS error: a word necessary for the sentence is missing. The correct expression is "never has BEEN and never will be." 10.In America in the 1960's,students rebelled on college campuses, nuclear families    r has been and never will a member (D)that he wasn't and won't be a member (E)that he wasn't and never will be a membermonster in the mind of a child."9.The candidate sworethat he never has and never will be a memberof the opposition party. (A)that he never has and never will be a member (B)that he never has been and never will be a member (C)that he nevearts all over; you must rewrite the sentence to make it clear that those are attributes of the monster. Choices (B) and (E) still attribute the characteristics to the child rather than to the monster. Choice (D) makes it sound as if one were defining "a as a creature that exists  with six arms, no legs and purple warts all over. (E)as an imaginary child with six arms, no legs and  purple warts all over.8. (C) The original sentence makes it sound as if the CHILD has six arms, no legs and purple w(B)as a creature that exists in the imagination of a  child with six arms, no legs and purple warts  all over. (C)as a creature with six arms, no legs and purple  warts all over that exists in the mind of  a child. (D)in the mind of a childence.8.One might define a monsteras a creature existing in the imagination of a child with six arms, no legs and purple warts all over. (A)as a creature existing in the imagination of a  child with six arms, no legs and purple warts  all over. ch, or nearly match, the employment package offered by Pratt if she wishes to keep Davis with Castro Casuals.25.Value of the rent-free office being offered to Castro Casuals by Pratt (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)25. (C) The value of the office makes oavis by Pratt (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)24. (B) This is a MAJOR FACTOR. It establishes a set of conditions that DeStefano must satisfy if she is to achieve one of her objectives -- namely, retaining Davis on her staff. As the passage says, she must matTOR.23.Future worldwide expansion of Castro Casuals (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)23. (A) This is one of the goals DeStefano has for the company. Therefore, this is an (A) item -- an OBJECTIVE of the decision maker.24.Employment package offered to Dof the conditions which DeStefano must match if she is to retain Davis's services, this is a factor. Since it is only one component part of the entire package being offered by Pratt -- which constitutes a major factor -- the salary increase is a MINOR FACtefano is considering trying to intimidate Davis through legal threats, not Pratt; there is no indication that Pratt would be involved in any lawsuit.22.Size of the salary increase offered to Davis by Pratt (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)22. (C) As one of knowing whether Davis's designs will be equally popular in other parts of the world.21.Plausibility of intimidating Pratt through legal threats (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)21. (E) This item may look like a (D), but it is an UNIMPORTANT ISSUE. DeS) (C) (D) (E)20. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION made by DeStefano. She hopes to expand Castro Casuals worldwide on the strength of Davis's designs. However, since the firm has, up to the present, operated only on a regional basis, she really has no way two new assistants for Davis (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)19. (C) This is a MINOR FACTOR. It is a component part of the major factor named in item 18, and so is a typical minor factor.20.Popularity of Davis's designs in the worldwide market (A) (Bes HIS, but it changes the verb to the incorrect tense HAS LEFT. his sunglasses (C)left their sunglasses (D)had sunglasses left (E)has left his sunglasses15. (B) The indefinite pronoun SOMEONE is singular. Therefore, the pronoun that refers back to SOMEONE must also be singular -- HIS. Choice (E) also us singular. Therefore, the pronoun should also be singular: SHE OR HE.15.The janitor stated that someone on the men's volleyball teamhad left their sunglassesin the locker room after yesterday's game. (A)had left their sunglasses (B)had left by the crime.15. (C) The correct expression is acquitted OF a crime..15.After hours of jury deliberation following a lengthy trial, Bart was finallyacquitted by the crime. (A)acquitted by the crime. (B)acquitted from the crime. (C)acquitted of the crime. (D)acquitted with the crime. (E)acquitted, Lamont's going (C)Lamonts' going (D)Lamont is going (E)Lamont was going14. (B) A noun or pronoun before a gerund (an "-ing" verbal noun, such as GOING) should be in the possessive. Since Lamont is singular, the correct possessive is Lamont's0, (E)at 12:00 to 2:00,13. (C) BETWEEN requires AND, such as BETWEEN you AND me. FROM requires TO, such as FROM you TO ME.14. Lamont goingto his first day of school was an event that his grandmother captured on film. (A)Lamont going (B)closedbetween the hours of 12:00 to 2:00,thus giving everyone time to eat lunch and relax. (A)between the hours of 12:00 to 2:00, (B)between the hours 12:00, 2:00, (C)between the hours of 12:00 and 2:00, (D)from the hours of 12:00 and 2:0e bad. (A)tortuous (B)torturous (C)tortured (D)tortious (E)tortuosity5. (A) TORTUOUS means twisting, winding. Choice (E) is the noun form. TORTUROUS means painful, unpleasant; TORTURED is another form of it. TORTIOUS means involvi FEWER is required. LESSER means inferior, lacking in quality. PATIENTS is the plural of PATIENT, meaning one who goes to a doctor; PATIENCE is the quality of tolerance.5.Tracy was afraid to drive down thetortuousroad because he knew his brakes wer too high. (A)less patients (B)less patience (C)fewer patients (D)fewer patience (E)lesser patients4. (C) FEWER refers to number (fewer cars); LESS refers to amount (less gasoline). Since the sentence refers to a number or quantity, An ELUSION is an escape or an avoidance. Note that (E) would not fit into the sentence correctly because of the preposition ("mention to").4.Although Dr. Hernandez is a much better physician than Dr. Gomez, he hasless patientsbecause his rates areperson in the government. (A)illusion (B)delusion (C)allusion (D)elusion (E)mention3. (C) An ALLUSION is a reference, a casual mention. An ILLUSION is a false idea or perception. A DELUSION is a misconception or a mental disorder.as the NUMBER of people. AMOUNT refers to items that cannot be counted, such as an AMOUNT of water. Note that (E) would be correct only if followed by NUMBER ("the total number of").3.Only Tuan's fellow refugees understood hisillusion to a certain .2.The promoter was thrilled when he read of theamount of people in the crowd, all of whom paid high prices to see the star. (A)amount (B)sum (C)number (D)measure (E)total2. (C) NUMBER refers to items that can be counted, such ayed (C)to be laying (D)to lie (E)to lain1. (D) LIE means to recline and requires no object (you don't "lie something"). LAY means to put or place and requires an object. The correct infinitive is TO LIE; LAIN is the past participle of liere wonderful things.| |(E)are wonderfuls things.| +------------------------------------------------+1.When Alan Shepard, America's first man in space, was in his capsule, he hadto layalmost flat on his back. (A)to lay (B)to have l--+ |Both the radio and the television, developed| |separately but in the same century,is a| | wonderful thing.| |0| |(A)is a wonderful thing.| |(B)are a wonderful thing.| |(C)are wonderful thing.| | (D) affective sentence, one that uses standard written English in a concise and correct manner.Adhere to the meaning of the original sentence.Type the letter corresponding to your choice. EXAMPLE: +----------------------------------------------.Following each sentence are five ways of stating the highlighted portion.Answer (A) is identical to the highlighted portion and should be chosen if you think the sentence does not need revision.  Choose the answer that produces the most echoice.Press the RIGHT arrow key->to begin and to continue to the next question.Press the LEFT arrow key<-if you wish to review previous questions. **DIRECTIONS:Each of the following sentences is either partially or wholly highlightedTTU@*W  TOPIC 13:DICTION Writing Ability DIRECTIONS:Read each question carefully.From among the answer choices given, select the answer that is BEST.**Type the letter corresponding to your 0m@20 0e  0t  VP%rT0O@@ 1$;R+S          A) if the item is an OBJECTIVE; that is, a goal, outcome, or result sought by the decision maker; (B) if the item is a MAJOR FACTOR; that is, a consideration mentioned in the passage that is fundamental in making the decision; (C Press ^Sto return to theSEE QUESTIONmode for a shorter section of the passage with the question below. ** DIRECTIONS: The numbered items refer to the passage. Evaluate each item separately and choose for PASSAGE ONE (he RIGHT arrow key->to begin and to continue to the next question.Press the LEFT arrow key<-if you wish to review previous questions.**h ** Pressing^Rallows you to enter theREAD MORE mode to see a longer excerpt of the passage. TOPIC 18:CHOICE AMONG ALTERNATIVES Analysis of Situations 2 passages  DIRECTIONS:Read each question carefully.From among the answer choices given, select the answer that is BEST.**Type the letter corresponding to your choice.Press t+7^p$q+7^'r@r+7^sPt+7^u@`u+7^v0v+7^wP-x+7^_y@y+7^zPz+7^:|0|+7^}0 ~+7^Px+7^g +7   PY*6]@*6*6Pc*6;R R*6S@T*6SUPU+7W0dW*6jX X+7RYY+7 [PJ[+7\@]+7^nPWo        ne alternative attractive to DeStefano -- namely, the alternative of allowing Davis to go to Pratt in exchange for the use of the building. Since this affects consideration of only one alternative, it is a MINOR FACTOR rather than a major one.nchoice (D).sthe original sentence, the word VIRTUOUSLY is misused. It means "in a virtuous or moral way." The correct word for this context is VIRTUALLY, which means "practically, nearly." Choice (B), (C), and (E) are awkward in comparison with the correct answer, ing fallen victim to poachers and deforestation. (A)are now virtuously extinct, (B)are now approaching the verge of extinction, (C)now are extinct, almost, (D)are now virtually extinct, (E)have become, virtually, extinct,15. (D) In ct expression is averse TO something (such as averse to doing homework). ADVERSE means unfavorable as in adverse terms or conditions. 15.In some parts of Africa, the elephants that once roamed the forests by the millionsare now virtuously extinct,havte his reasons, he made it clear he wasaverse tothe idea of holding a county fair on his property. (A)averse to (B)averse for (C)averse with (D)adverse to (E)adverse for14. (A) AVERSE means unwilling, reluctant, hesitant. The correPRINCIPLE is a rule, a fundamental truth, or a motivating force. A PRINCIPAL is a person first in importance (such as the principal of a high school). There is no need for a possessive form in this sentence.14.Although Henry Eaglefeather would not sta;13.The punk rocker said that on generalprinciplesshe felt she had a perfect right to continue to wear her hair in magenta and orange stripes. (A)principles (B)principles' (C)principle's (D)principal's (E)principals13. (A) A      , conjunction, comma ("; however,"), BUT when it does NOT connect independent sentences or clauses, commas are sufficient to set it apart from the rest of the sentence. No semicolons or colons are needed.5.The people protesting the nuclear bomb werede room was too hot for use as a testing site. (A)agreed, however, (B)agreed, however; (C)agreed; however; (D)agreed; however, (E)agreed:however,4. (A) When HOWEVER is used as a coordinating conjunction, the proper form is semicoloncause her boss's was incoherent.3. (D) The original sentence was a RUN-ON, two distinct sentences incorrectly joined by a comma. Choice (D) correctly joins them with a conjunction.4.The proctoragreed, however,with the students' complaints that th concise, her  boss's incoherent. (C)Sophia's annual report, clear and concise, her  boss's was incoherent. (D)Sophia's annual report was clear and concise, but  her boss's was incoherent. (E)Sophia's annual report was clear and concise  bes semicolon, conjunction, comma, such as "; however,". 3. Sophia's annual report was clear and concise, her boss's was incoherent. (A)Sophia's annual report was clear and concise,  her boss's was incoherent. (B)Sophia's annual report, clear and (A)early, however, (B)early; however; (C)early, however; (D)early; however, (E)early:however,2. (D) When connecting two independent clauses or sentences with a word such as "however," "moreover," or "therefore," the correct form ithe beginning of the sentence makes it correct. Choices (C) and (D) make the sentence complete, but meaningless. Choice (E) leaves the sentence a RUN-ON.2.Hannah wanted to leave class a littleearly, however, the teacher caught her and made her stay.g came home from work exhausted, (D)Mrs. Wang came home from work exhausted because (E)Mrs. Wang came home from work exhausted and1. (B) The original sentence is a RUN-ON, two complete sentences incorrectly joined. Inserting the word "when" at -----------------------------------------+1. Mrs. Wang came home from work exhausted,her husband had dinner ready and waiting. (A)Mrs. Wang came home from work exhausted, (B)When Mrs. Wang came home from work exhausted, (C)Although Mrs. Wanly but in the same century,is a| | wonderful thing.| |0| |(A)is a wonderful thing.| |(B)are a wonderful thing.| |(C)are wonderful thing.| | (D) are wonderful things.| |(E)are wonderfuls things.| +-------cise and correct manner.Adhere to the meaning of the original sentence.Type the letter corresponding to your choice. EXAMPLE: +------------------------------------------------+ |Both the radio and the television, developed| |separated portion.Answer (A) is identical to the highlighted portion and should be chosen if you think the sentence does not need revision.  Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence, one that uses standard written English in a cone next question.Press the LEFT arrow key<-if you wish to review previous questions. **DIRECTIONS:Each of the following sentences is either partially or wholly highlighted.Following each sentence are five ways of stating the highlighteTION Writing Ability DIRECTIONS:Read each question carefully.From among the answer choices given, select the answer that is BEST.**Type the letter corresponding to your choice.Press the RIGHT arrow key->to begin and to continue to th  [' [@q [3 @  [  [@[1P  [$ P[s [[;RPS TOPIC 14:SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION AND PUNCTUA         ent offices (instead of just one particular one) reinforces the fact that it is a MAJOR (rather than a minor) FACTOR.6.Future safety of parking facility at the Lope de Vega Boulevard office (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)6. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION. Y;/5.Location of each office being considered (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)5. (B) This is a MAJOR FACTOR. You are told that where the office will be is a critical or crucial consideration of Christina. The fact that the statement covers all the differ                 s that indicate an objective.4.Noise level of traffic around each office (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)4. (E) This is IRRELEVANT. Christina is deaf, so the noise does not bother her.E)3. (A) This is the OBJECTIVE of the decision-maker. Finding an office to rent is what the whole passage is about; doing so is the main goal or primary objective of Christina. Note that often (but not always) words that end with "-ing" are action wordservices. She predicts or presupposes that people will continue to hire her; otherwise she would not be expanding. Note that often the word "continued" or "continuing" indicates a (D) answer.3.Finding a suitable office to rent (A) (B) (C) (D) (to rent is the decision. How long Christina has been in business does not affect this decision.2.Continued demand for Christina's services (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)2. (D) Christina makes the ASSUMPTION that there will be a continued demand for her her decision.1.Length of time Christina has been in business (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)1. (E) This is IRRELEVANT. When you read a passage, always identify the decision-maker and the decision. Here, Christina is the decision-maker and which office ial customers might not be willing to drive through that part of town to get to her office. After looking at all four sites, Christina decides that she won't be moving for at least another month and will take that time to reach e nearest bus stop is only six blocks away, but the walk from the stop to the building would take a person through a very bad part of town. Christina, besides worrying about her non-driving employees, is concerned that some potenters is in the Wong Building. The office is large, inexpensive, well-suited to house computer equipment, and close enough to "Silicon Gulch" to satisfy Christina. There is ample covered parking, but no buses go by the building. Thince it opened. Christina considers this a strong point in the building's favor. Lope de Vega Boulevard is on the outskirts of "Silicon Gulch," but is not considered part of the actual "Gulch." The final site Christina considonjunction AS it turns the sentence back into a fragment.i path, (D)As she walked along the path, (E)She walked along the path,10. (E) The original sentence is a FRAGMENT, it is missing a subject. You must tell WHO was doing the action. Choice (D) provides a subject, but by adding the subordinating c:610.Walking along the path,smelling the freshly cut hay and seeing the new spring flowers blooming everywhere, enjoying the sunshine on this beautiful day. (A)Walking along the path, (B)Having walked along the path, (C)To walk along the  night before the exam, the teacher is going to writea completely new examination, and made the questions even more difficult than they were before. (A)had been stolen the night before the exam, the  teacher is going to write (B)had been stolen thctive form of WHO by noting the function of the word in the clause. Here, WHOEVER is functioning as the subject of the clause "would make the best president," and must be in the subjective case.5.When she found that the answer keyhad been stolen the ur successorwhoever you thinkwould make the best president of our club. (A)whoever you think (B)whomever you think (C)whatever you think (D)what you think (E)which you think4. (A) You determine whether to use the subjective or obje while choices (B) and (C) are grammatically correct, they make no sense when reinserted into the sentence. Remember to take that final step of rereading the sentence with your choice so that you do not make a careless error.4. Go ahead and choose as yojust now; (C)I know I have my keys now; (D)I know I had my keys just yesterday; (E)I know I has my keys just yesterday;3. (D) The past tense, HAD, is required since the speaker is talking about an action that took place yesterday. Note thatoper as it is the objective form and functions in this sentence as the object of the preposition, FOR.3. I know I have my keys just yesterday;I can't imagine where they are now. (A)I know I have my keys just yesterday; (B)I know I have my keys ce (E) changes the tense and the meaning of the sentence.2.No one could tellwhomthe flowers were for since the card that had come with the bouquet was missing. (A)whom (B)who (C)whomever (D)whoever (E)whosoever2. (A) WHOM is pr it was I who had (E)that it is I who have1. (D) The verb WAS is a form of the linking verb, "to be." Nouns connected by linking verbs must be in the subjective case. Here, you need the I, which is subjective, not the ME, which is objective. Choi-------------------+1.When confronted by my boss, I had to admitthat it was me who hadaccidentally misrouted the irate passenger's luggage to Boise. (A)that it was me who had (B)that it was me that had (C)that it is me who had (D)thattury,is a| | wonderful thing.| |0| |(A)is a wonderful thing.| |(B)are a wonderful thing.| |(C)are wonderful thing.| | (D) are wonderful things.| |(E)are wonderfuls things.| +-----------------------------r.Adhere to the meaning of the original sentence.Type the letter corresponding to your choice. EXAMPLE: +------------------------------------------------+ |Both the radio and the television, developed| |separately but in the same cen is identical to the highlighted portion and should be chosen if you think the sentence does not need revision.  Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence, one that uses standard written English in a concise and correct mannes the LEFT arrow key<-if you wish to review previous questions. **DIRECTIONS:Each of the following sentences is either partially or wholly highlighted.Following each sentence are five ways of stating the highlighted portion.Answer (A) DIRECTIONS:Read each question carefully.From among the answer choices given, select the answer that is BEST.**Type the letter corresponding to your choice.Press the RIGHT arrow key->to begin and to continue to the next question.Pres % E@+E6Ec @ E  E   EX0jET@qES 3E E;R YT     TOPIC 15:CASE AND TENSE Writing Ability       fore, this item will not affect their decision.25.Grade point averages of the various applicants (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)25. (B) This is a MAJOR FACTOR. It is a primary, critical, crucial consideration of the decision-makers since the applicants mf each applicant for the scholarship (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)24. (E) This is IRRELEVANT. The passage does not state or imply that the decision makers are concerned about the major field of study selected by each of the scholarship applicants. ThereOR FACTOR. Taking at least two semesters of either language or humanities classes is a requirement. Since this is one specific requirement met by one specific candidate, it is a minor, rather than a major, factor.24.Prospective major field of study o a somewhat less attractive scholarship candidate. Since this factor applies to only a single alternative, it is a MINOR FACTOR rather than a major one.23.Russian language classes taken by Denise Cohen (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)23. (C) This is a MINn.22.Lack of language classes taken by Jorge Albertez (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)22. (C) Although language classes are not an absolute requirement, they are "preferred." Therefore, the lack of language classes in Jorge Albertez's background makes himgeneral would be broad and would be a (B), a major factor. However, you are told in the beginning of the passage that the scholarship is NOT based on financial need. Therefore, how much money a candidate has or does not have is IRRELEVANT to this decisiothat amount to obviate the need for a part-time job or other outside employment.21.Financial backgrounds of the three candidates (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)21. (E) This was a difficult question. Usually, a question referring to all the applicants in are irrelevant to the current decision.20.Sufficiency of $500.00 a month spending money for a student (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)20. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION. The scholarship committee members must assume that $500.00 is enough, since they intend This is IRRELEVANT. The current decision is which of the three finalists to give the scholarship to. The number who originally applied is irrelevant to that decision. Note that the statement refers to the past; often situations that occurred in the past e at least a 3.5 in his or her major. However, it is just one factor considered about one specific candidate, and thus is a minor, rather than a major, factor.19.Number of applicants who applied for the scholarship (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)19. (E) t for that scholarship. Note that often words ending in "-ability" indicate (D) answers.18.Maya Osceola's 3.65 grade point average in her major (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)18. (C) This is a MINOR FACTOR. It is considered, because a candidate must havhe scholarship (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)17. (D) This is an ASSUMPTION. The scholarship committee must assume that the funds are available for the scholarship, otherwise the members would not be going through all the effort of choosing the best applicanthe '60's and  '70's has lead to10. (B) Since the '60's and '70's are in the past, the past tense of the verb is needed, MADE. The past tense, LED, is also needed since the monument was created and dedicated in the past as well.vountry in the '60's and '70's  led to (B)made to our country in the '60's and '70's  led to (C)made to our country in the '60's and '70's  leads to (D)make to our country in the '60's and '70's  leads to (E)are making to our country in %810.The awareness of the sacrifices and contributions that those who fought in Vietnammake to our country in the '60's and 70's led tothe recent creation and dedication of a monument in Washington, D.C., to those men and women. (A)make to our c  the difficulty finding jobs that many  college graduates had in the past, (D)Unlike past difficulties college graduates had  getting jobs, (E)Despite college graduates' problems finding  jobs in the past,4. (B) The original sentence is compars in the past,there are many openings available for qualified workers today. (A)Unlike the college graduates who had difficulty  finding jobs in the past, (B)Whereas many college graduates had difficulty  finding jobs in the past, (C)Unlike verbs in parallel grammatical form is needed: SKULKING, HIDING, and SLEEPING. Choice (E) correctly uses the verb SLEEPING but omits the conjunction AND and awkwardly inserts ALSO instead. 4.Unlike the college graduates who had difficulty finding job, skulking along the backroads, hiding in fields,and he slept in sheds. (A)and he slept in sheds. (B)and sheds were where he slept. (C)and in sheds for sleep. (D)and sleeping in sheds. (E)sleeping, also, in sheds.3. (D) A series ofr to the painter herself. Using the word "that" to refer to "the vision" corrects the comparison error. Choice (C) makes the correction twice; choice (E) changes the meaning of the sentence.3.After he escaped from prison, the convict led a rough life(C)sharper than that of a painter's (D)sharper than a painter is (E)as sharp as that of a painter2. (B) You are comparing the VISION of a photographer to the VISION of a painter; the original sentence is comparing the vision of the photographers of the Vietnam war." Choice (E) makes the same comparison.2.The vision of a photographer must besharper than a painterbecause she must be able to see things that are far away. (A)sharper than a painter (B)sharper than that of a painter (D)the worst of the Vietnam war (E)worse than the Vietnam wars'1. (A) You are comparing two items: the American Civil War and the Vietnam war. The sentence correctly makes this comparison. Choice (B) compares the American Civil War to "the wa---------------------------------+1.The American Civil War wasworse than the Vietnam war because the medical help was so primitive. (A)worse than the Vietnam war (B)worse than that fought in the Vietnam war (C)worser than the Vietnam war n the same century,is a| | wonderful thing.| |0| |(A)is a wonderful thing.| |(B)are a wonderful thing.| |(C)are wonderful thing.| | (D) are wonderful things.| |(E)are wonderfuls things.| +--------------- correct manner.Adhere to the meaning of the original sentence.Type the letter corresponding to your choice. EXAMPLE: +------------------------------------------------+ |Both the radio and the television, developed| |separately but in.Answer (A) is identical to the highlighted portion and should be chosen if you think the sentence does not need revision.  Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence, one that uses standard written English in a concise anduestion.Press the LEFT arrow key<-if you wish to review previous questions. **DIRECTIONS:Each of the following sentences is either partially or wholly highlighted.Following each sentence are five ways of stating the highlighted portioting Ability DIRECTIONS:Read each question carefully.From among the answer choices given, select the answer that is BEST.**Type the letter corresponding to your choice.Press the RIGHT arrow key->to begin and to continue to the next q p SDS; h S @ S   SS0S0S|@i  S1 mS;R S TOPIC 16:COMPARISONS AND PARALLELISM Wri          -covered cherries into a business grossing a million dollars in just 12 years. She has given franchises out only to people who are personal friends of hers and with whom she feels she can work well. Now she has been approached by the Cheryl's Chocolates grew from a small in-home candy shop to a large franchise operation with 35 stores in six states. Cheryl Littledoe, the "Cheryl" of the company's name, is a former housewife who turned her recipe for chocolate decision maker in making the decision; (E) if the item is an UNIMPORTANT ISSUE; that is, a consideration that is not immediately relevant in making the decision. ===================================== In the 1970s, item is a MINOR FACTOR; that is, a consideration that is of secondary importance in making the decision and is related to a Major Factor; (D) if the item is an ASSUMPTION; that is, a relevant projection or supposition used by thee item is an OBJECTIVE; that is, a goal, outcome, or result sought by the decision maker; (B) if the item is a MAJOR FACTOR; that is, a consideration mentioned in the passage that is fundamental in making the decision; (C) if the ^Sto return to theSEE QUESTIONmode for a shorter section of the passage with the question below. ** DIRECTIONS: The numbered items refer to the passage. Evaluate each item separately and choose for PASSAGE ONE (A) if th arrow key->to begin and to continue to the next question.Press the LEFT arrow key<-if you wish to review previous questions.**d ** Pressing^Rallows you to enter theREAD MORE mode to see a longer excerpt of the passage. Press TOPIC 19:BUSINESS JUDGMENT Analysis of Situations 2 Passages  DIRECTIONS:Read each question carefully.From among the answer choices given, select the answer that is BEST.**Type the letter corresponding to your choice.Press the RIGHT+7 [too+7 [p0p+7 [r@pr+7 [ss+7 [tPt+7 [uPu+7 [v@%w+7 [w@Gx+7 [yPny+7 [Ezz+7 [{ |+7 [}Pg}+7  Zq*6R0*6%*6@'*6;RPR*6S S*6T T*6U0V*6V5W*6W7X+7X .Y+7YPEZ+7 [n }n             ust meet certain grade requirements. Note that the statement refers to ALL the applicants; had it referred to one specific applicant, it would have been one specific factor about one specific applicant and thus been a (C), a minor factor.ain this sentence (Edison and Ford), the preposition LIKE should be used instead. The other choices are all awkward, less clear, and more wordy.ato Thomas Edison, (D)As in the case of Thomas Edison, (E)Comparable to Thomas Edison,10. (B) The conjunction AS is used incorrectly in the original sentence. AS should only be used to compare clauses; when nouns are being compared, as they are p; 10. As Thomas Edison,Henry Ford combined mechanical ingenuity with enough shrewd business sense to enable him to found an industrial empire valued today at many billions of dollars. (A)As Thomas Edison, (B)Like Thomas Edison, (C)Similar   compare two plurals: the salaries of high school graduates and the salaries of college graduates. You need the plural pronoun, THOSE, rather than the singular pronoun, THAT. Choice (D) has an unnecessary possessive, making it mean, "than the salaries ofrthan that of college graduates. (A)than that of college graduates. (B)than that of college graduates'. (C)than those of college graduates. (D)than those of college graduates'. (E)then those of college graduates.4. (C) You want to postrophe is the possessive form of IT and would be used in a sentence such as, "The car lost its brakes suddenly." There is no such word as ITS'; the plural possessive form of IT is THEIR.4.The salaries of high school graduates generally are much loweot one thing,it's another." (A)it's another." (B)its another." (C)its' another." (D)its is another." (E)it' is another."3. (A) IT'S with an apostrophe is a contraction of IT IS and is correctly used in this sentence. ITS with no af Felicia's knowledge. While choice (D) (with only a single negative) is grammatically correct, it is not as clear and concise as choice (E).3.As she went into the principal's office for the third time that day, Bridget was heard to mumble, "If it's nnothing (C)does know hardly nothing (D)does know hardly anything (E)knows hardly anything2. (E) The original sentence has a double negative: both HARDLY and DOESN'T are negative. Remove the DOESN'T to maintain the general idea of the lack o the BECAUSE. THE MAIN REASON is singular and requires a singular verb.2.Felicia is the first to admit that shedoesn't know hardly anythingabout cooking and has no interest in learning. (A)doesn't know hardly anything (B)doesn't know hardly king cups. (A)was because the Romans were (B)was that the Romans were (C)were because the Romans were (D)were that the Romans were (E)is because the Romans were1. (B) To say "the reason is BECAUSE" is redundant and verbose; eliminate| | (D) are wonderful things.| |(E)are wonderfuls things.| +------------------------------------------------+1.Some historians think that the main reason the Roman Empire fellwas because the Romans werepoisoned by lead in their drin-----------------+ |Both the radio and the television, developed| |separately but in the same century,is a| | wonderful thing.| |0| |(A)is a wonderful thing.| |(B)are a wonderful thing.| |(C)are wonderful thing.uces the most effective sentence, one that uses standard written English in a concise and correct manner.Adhere to the meaning of the original sentence.Type the letter corresponding to your choice. EXAMPLE: +-------------------------------lly highlighted.Following each sentence are five ways of stating the highlighted portion.Answer (A) is identical to the highlighted portion and should be chosen if you think the sentence does not need revision.  Choose the answer that prodding to your choice.Press the RIGHT arrow key->to begin and to continue to the next question.Press the LEFT arrow key<-if you wish to review previous questions. **DIRECTIONS:Each of the following sentences is either partially or who\ ]9^0E_  TOPIC 17:MISCELLANEOUS GRAMMAR Writing Ability DIRECTIONS:Read each question carefully.From among the answer choices given, select the answer that is BEST.**Type the letter correspon |0| EPb    0 L@ @I0   ;RRP'U  VPdW=XPYZ0S\                                   by the crime.15. (C) The correct expression is acquitted OF a crime.i.15.After hours of jury deliberation following a lengthy trial, Bart was finallyacquitted by the crime. (A)acquitted by the crime. (B)acquitted from the crime. (C)acquitted of the crime. (D)acquitted with the crime. (E)acquitted, Lamont's going (C)Lamonts' going (D)Lamont is going (E)Lamont was going14. (B) A noun or pronoun before a gerund (an "-ing" verbal noun, such as GOING) should be in the possessive. Since Lamont is singular, the correct possessive is Lamont's0, (E)at 12:00 to 2:00,13. (C) BETWEEN requires AND, such as BETWEEN you AND me. FROM requires TO, such as FROM you TO ME.14. Lamont goingto his first day of school was an event that his grandmother captured on film. (A)Lamont going (B)closedbetween the hours of 12:00 to 2:00,thus giving everyone time to eat lunch and relax. (A)between the hours of 12:00 to 2:00, (B)between the hours 12:00, 2:00, (C)between the hours of 12:00 and 2:00, (D)from the hours of 12:00 and 2:0 non-highlighted part of the sentence (which you cannot change) uses YOU, you must use YOU throughout. The tense change in choice (D) makes it incorrect with the rest of the sentence.13.Our new department head suddenly decreed that the office would be waited, until the last possible moment, (D)If you waited until the last possible moment (E)If you wait until the last possible moment12. (E) Although ONE is usually preferable to YOU in formal written English, consistency is critical. Since theNLYs.12. If one waits until the last possible momentto study for an important exam, you may do much worse on the exam than you should. (A)If one waits until the last possible moment (B)If one waited until the last possible moment (C)If one e member who (E)The committee member who11. (E) ALL AT ONCE and SUDDENLY mean the same thing. The sentence is verbose and redundant with both; you may eliminate one. Note that inserting choice (D) into the original sentence would give you two SUDDEn so argumentative and belligerent suddenly calmed down and agreed to do things our way. (A)All at once, the committee member who (B)All at once, the committee member that (C)All at once, the committee member which (D)Suddenly, the committely problem with the original sentence is the tense of the second verb, BECOME. It should be the past tense, BECAME, in order to be parallel with the other verbs in the series: REBELLED, BECAME, CHANGED.11. All at once, the committee member whohad beeebelled on college campuses, nuclear  families become less common (D)students, rebelled on college campuses, and  nuclear families became less common (E)students rebelled on college campuses, nuclear  families became less common10. (E) The onbecome less commonand the values of the country changed forever. (A)students rebelled on college campuses, nuclear  families become less common (B)students rebelled on college campuses, and  nuclear families become less common (C)students, r|;D 9. (B) The original sentence has an ELLIPSIS error: a word necessary for the sentence is missing. The correct expression is "never has BEEN and never will be." 10.In America in the 1960's,students rebelled on college campuses, nuclear families          to be heard clearly in town. Rayfield's brother, Frank, is in construction and tells Rayfield that the key to getting new business is opening a new store in a more heavily traveled area of the city. Frank is building a new s on the radio during "drive time," the hours in the morning and evening when most people are driving to and from work, for $300 per 30-second spot. Rayfield's town is in a valley; only one station, WWUB, has a signal strong enoughdvertise, he has approximately $30,000 in his annual budget for all ads in all media. Perkins tells him that he could put full-page ads in all three of the local newspapers every Sunday for 6 months for $12,000. He could get spotsthat only about 1 out of every 10 people in his own hometown has ever heard of his firm. He feels that at least 3 out of every 10 people must be aware of the existence of the firm for business to increase. If Rayfield decides to a getting new customers. She states that while the product is good and the company itself is excellent, too few people are aware of the existence of the firm. Rayfield looks at the reports and surveys Perkins gives him and agrees cts with Rayfield. Rayfield doesn't know how long he can continue to expand his business unless he brings in new customers. Rayfield's vice-president in charge of sales, Carol Perkins, tells him that advertising is the key towelry firm that imports and sells to retailers and, to a lesser degree, to the general public, jade and pearl jewelry. In the past few years, although sales to current customers have increased, few new retailers have signed contraision maker in making the decision; (E) if the item is an UNIMPORTANT ISSUE; that is, a consideration that is not immediately relevant in making the decision. ===================================== Joe Rayfield owns a jea MINOR FACTOR; that is, a consideration that is of secondary importance in making the decision and is related to a Major Factor; (D) if the item is an ASSUMPTION; that is, a relevant projection or supposition used by the dec an OBJECTIVE; that is, a goal, outcome, or result sought by the decision maker; (B) if the item is a MAJOR FACTOR; that is, a consideration mentioned in the passage that is fundamental in making the decision; (C) if the item is return to theSEE QUESTIONmode for a shorter section of the passage with the question below. ** DIRECTIONS: The numbered items refer to the passage. Evaluate each item separately and choose for PASSAGE ONE (A) if the item isy->to begin and to continue to the next question.Press the LEFT arrow key<-if you wish to review previous questions.**Y ** Pressing^Rallows you to enter theREAD MORE mode to see a longer excerpt of the passage. Press ^StoOPIC 20:MISCELLANEOUS ANALYSIS OF SITUATIONS 2 Passages DIRECTIONS:Read each question carefully.From among the answer choices given, select the answer that is BEST.**Type the letter corresponding to your choice.Press the RIGHT arrow ke+7\P]+7E^:o@o+7E^pp+7E^qq+7E^r /s+7E^"t0nt+7E^t@Hu+7E^vPv+7E^w0&x+7E^