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INTENSITY - loud or soft3. DURATION - long or short 4. TIMBRE - distinctive SOUND quality of an instrument or voice.When a SOUND has the four qualities of PITCH, INTENSITY, DURATION and TIMBRE, it is called a TO 1 is a SOUND with no HARMONICS sounding over the FUNDAMENTAL.On SPECTRUM PLOT 2 we will raise the INTENSITY of the HARMONICS.Listen to how the SOUND changes as we raise the INTENSITY of the HARMONICS.-TONE-1. 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(55 x 2) = 110(110 x 2) = 220(220 x 2) = 440(440 x 2) = 880(880 x 2) = 1760The FREQUENCY of a PITCH is doubled to get the FREQUENCY of the next OCTAVE.If you feel that you understand the information covered so far, press {Retur(1), and the next OCTAVE A(2)?The difference between the OCTAVES A(1), A(2), A(3), A(4), A(5) and A(6) is the FREQUENCY of each OCTAVE.A(1) = 55 hzA(2) = 110 hzA(3) = 220 hzA(4) = 440 hzA(5) = 880 hzA(6) = 1760 hzCan you see the panumber in parenthesis ( ) after a letter indicates the OCTAVE number in which this PITCH occurs.Even though there are many OCTAVES on the keyboard, we calculate each OCTAVE from (C) to (B).But what is the difference between one key, for example A which can vary the range of it's keyboard, the (C) in the middle of the keyboard is always called MIDDLE C.Using the lowest (C) as our starting point, our keyboard has a five and one/half OCTAVE range - OCTAVE (1) beingincomplete.The with the same letter name is found at the same location on the keyboard in relation to the black keys.For example, there are 5 (C's) on our keyboard. The (C) is always the white key before the two black keys.With the exception of a synthesizer, progressively higher as they are played from left to right.The white keys on the keyboard correspond to the NATURAL PITCHES.There are many keys on the keyboard withthe same letter name. If you look at the pattern of the black keys, each keyngement of white and black keys is the same on all keyboards.Each key has a specific letter name and corresponds to a specific PITCH.The PITCHES on the keyboard are arranged in increments of HALF-STEPS (SEMI-TONES). These PITCHES get ance from one PITCH to the next PITCH, above or below, with the same letter name is called an OCTAVE.-THE KEYBOARD-Shown above is the keyboard we will be using throughout this method.This could be a piano, synthesizer or organ keyboard as the arraence repeats over and over to provide an unlimited range of PITCHES.The PITCHES we name with these letters are called NATURAL PITCHES.Did you notice that the same letter repeats every eight letters?This is called an OCTAVE (meaning 8). The distm  ;?0Hh@X0H@hHhpxpxHp-THE MUSICAL ALPHABET-In music, we use the first seven lettersof the alphabet to name the PITCHES.As there are more than seven PITCHES, this sequ         '$$$$$$$$$?????.----->?????.----->???.--->???.---3(6666666. 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If you wish to review the text, press {R}eview.{Return} to continue {R}eview {Q}uit keys, press {Return} to practice naming the black keys on the KEYBOARD. If you wish to review the text, press {R} to review the text.{Return} to continue {R}eview {Q}uit (A] or B[) BIf you understand how to name the black keys, press {Return} tthe section on KEY SIGNATURES.The names for all the (12) HALF-STEPS that are available within an OCTAVE are:C, (C] or D[), D, (D] or E[), E, F, (F] or G[), G, (G] or A[), A, (A] or B[), BIf you understand how to name the black`cp c  `mg pDRILL - THE KEYBOARD(White Keys)The name of this key is: _{Return}-continue {H}elp {T}ext {Q}uit  666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$56?-----<<$%%- !#; ##%%%%%'XXXX166576.>?.566. 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                         ` d b Rc ]f c` d a 7c ]f c` d a 7c ]f c` d a ef c` d a ef c` d a Rc mf c` d a Rc mf c` d a 7c mf c` d a uf c` d a }f c` d a Rc f c` d a 7c f c` d a f c` d a Rc f c` d a 7c f c` d a f c` d a Rc f c` e c` !d Ib Rc e c` !d @b 7c e c` *d @b f c` 3d @b b f c` 3d 4b 7c f c` a` aB a Ha` aF 9b` aJ a Sa` aN Nb` aD a Ya` aH cb` aL a da` aP xb` aT a` aX a` a[ a` a^ a` aa a` ad a` ad a` ag a` aj a` am a` ap a` at a` ax au X` r`` 0" X` 08 `` 0%aʬ$a` &a X`` &a X`` &aB X`` Ja` &aH X`` &aP X`` &ax X`` qa`J 0%a$a`a X`` a` a` a a 2a` a a` a a =a` a a` a a` a" a` a% a` a( a` a+ a` a. `%a i%a`%a$a` %a$a`$a`l' ilL`llilL`ȎU`V``,  `  ]` W : ` 0" X` 0 C X` 0n X`$ 0 X` r`` 0" X` 0C X` 0: X`$ 0           C49168,04(49152)128āA0150:A:C:435A49168,0U(49152)R480j(49152)72480(49152)13ĺ(13):615(49152)84ĺ](13):620(49152)81ĺ(13):625S(49152) 39424,S:28416:198:A0150:A:39424,9: G(6) >Z63C27330:G$"B":E$"G":F$"A":410:G]-A[(6)kZ64C27361:G$"W":E$"A":410: A(6) Z65C27392:G$"B":E$"A":F$"B":410:A]-B[(6)Z66C27423:G$"W":E$"B":410: B(6) G$"B"485(E$)R70R(E$)W":E$"D":410: D(6) LmZ58C27239:G$"B":E$"D":F$"E":410:D]-E[(6)yrZ59C27254:G$"W":E$"E":410: E(6) wZ60C27269:G$"W":E$"F":410: F(6)|Z61C27284:G$"B":E$"F":F$"G":410:F]-G[(6)Z62C27299:G$"W":E$"G":41052C27179:G$"W":E$"A":410: A(5) [TZ53C27189:G$"B":E$"A":F$"B":410:A]-B[(5)YZ54C27199:G$"W":E$"B":410: B(5)^Z55C27209:G$"W":E$"C":410: C(6)cZ56C27219:G$"B":E$"C":F$"D":410:C]-D[(6)hZ57C27229:G$"-E[(5)36Z47C27129:G$"W":E$"E":410: E(5) _;Z48C27139:G$"W":E$"F":410: F(5)@Z49C27149:G$"B":E$"F":F$"G":410:F]-G[(5)EZ50C27159:G$"W":E$"G":410: G(5) JZ51C27169:G$"B":E$"G":F$"A":410:G]-A[(5)%OZ:F$"B":410:A]-B[(4)BZ42C27079:G$"W":E$"B":410: B(4)n"Z43C27089:G$"W":E$"C":410: C(5)'Z44C27099:G$"B":E$"C":F$"D":410:C]-D[(5),Z45C27109:G$"W":E$"D":410: D(5)1Z46C27119:G$"B":E$"D":F$"E":410:D]9:G$"W":E$"F":410: F(4) RZ37C27029:G$"B":E$"F":F$"G":410:F]-G[(4)~ Z38C27039:G$"W":E$"G":410: G(4)Z39C27049:G$"B":E$"G":F$"A":410:G]-A[(4)Z40C27059:G$"W":E$"A":410: A(4)Z41C27069:G$"B":E$"A"C26969:G$"W":E$"C":410: C(4)-MIDDLE C`Z32C26979:G$"B":E$"C":F$"D":410:C]-D[(4)Z33C26989:G$"W":E$"D":410: D(4) Z34C26999:G$"B":E$"D":F$"E":410:D]-E[(4)Z35C27009:G$"W":E$"E":410: E(4)Z36C2701F]-G[(3)3Z26C26919:G$"W":E$"G":410:G(3)iZ27C26929:G$"B":E$"G":F$"A":410:G]-A[(3)Z28C26939:G$"W":E$"A":410:A(3)Z29C26949:G$"B":E$"A":F$"B":410:A]-B[(3)Z30C26959:G$"W":E$"B":410:B(3)*Z31$"C":F$"D":410:C]-D[(2)F Z21C26869:G$"W":E$"D":410:D(3)| Z22C26879:G$"B":E$"D":F$"E":410:D]-E[(3) Z23C26889:G$"W":E$"E":410:E(3) Z24C26899:G$"W":E$"F":410:F(3)Z25C26909:G$"B":E$"F":F$"G":410:15C26809:G$"B":E$"G":F$"A":410:G]-A[(2)Y Z16C26819:G$"W":E$"A":410:A(2) Z17C26829:G$"B":E$"A":F$"B":410:A]-B[(2) Z18C26839:G$"W":E$"B":410:B(2) Z19C26849:G$"W":E$"C":410:C(3) Z20C26859:G$"B":E:410:D(2)A }Z10C26759:G$"B":E$"D":F$"E":410:D]-E[(2)l Z11C26769:G$"W":E$"E":410:E(2) Z12C26779:G$"W":E$"F":410:F(2) Z13C26789:G$"B":E$"F":F$"G":410:F]-G[(2) Z14C26799:G$"W":E$"G":410:G(2). Z4C26689:G$"W":E$"A":410:A(1)X dZ5C26704:G$"B":E$"A":F$"B":410:A]-B[(1) iZ6C26719:G$"W":E$"B":410:B(1) nZ7C26729:G$"W":E$"C":410:C(2) sZ8C26739:G$"B":E$"C":F$"D":410:C]-D[(2) xZ9C26749:G$"W":E$"D");"BLOADKEYBOARD.DRW.BK"* A27456:949,1; FZ((1)67)e KZ0C26629:G$"W":E$"F":410:F(1) PZ1C26644:G$"B":E$"F":F$"G":410:F]-G[(1) UZ2C26659:G$"W":E$"G":410:G(1) ZZ3C26674:G$"B":E$"G":F$"A":410:G]-A[(1)# _Z (4);"MAXFILES1""38115;(4);"BLOADTEXT.RP"R(4);"BLOADMUSIC"p(4);"BLOADKITCHEN SINK"#"BLOADMUSIC"(824:868-(4);"BLOADKEYBOARD.DRL.TXT"2(4);"BLOADMUSICSTAR.SHP,A$7500"7(4);"BLOADKEYBOARD.PCH" <(4      h ::198:10:11:"PLEASE INSERT"::24:11:"DISC 2"::11:13:"AND PRESS {RETURN}":13:29:A$A$(13)ĺ(13):2610:11:12:"Please":11:19::"STAND BY"::13:11:"Program is loading"(4);"RUNBASS CLEF.TEXT"Ah ::198:10:11:"PLEASE INSERT"::24:11:"DISC 2"::11:13:"AND PRESS {RETURN}":13:29:A$A$(13)ĺ(13):2610:11:12:"Please":11:19::"STAND BY"::13:11:"Program is loading"(4);"RUNDRILLS"U(13):166155@26629:26644:26659:26674:26689:26704LC26719eA052:C:CC10:A27254:27269:27284:27299:27330:27361:27392:27423:(4);"RUNKEYBOARD.DRL.BK"(4);"RUNTABLE OF CONTENTS"R86:24744:38135:38135:24727:C269692A011?49168,0Y(49152)128ČC:150f49168,0(49152)13Č38135:24727:CC10:A:1541496:0,180279,180:3:38135A$A$(13)ĺ(13):165A$"R"ė:20 A$"Q"ĺ2)131381332B$" ":X17:Y0:29q69145,50:70152,50::38135:B$"(C[ or B)":X13:Y0:2966124,50:67131,5049168,0(49152)128Č24727:26959:14249168,0(49152)1314614138135:21&303086:38135:24744:69145,50:70152,50:21M~B$"(E] or F)":X17:Y0:29Z49168,0(49152)128Č24727:27019:12849168,0(49152)131321273813549168,0(49152)128Č24727:27019:13449168,0 (49159=t6840,50:6947,50:38135:B$"(F] or G[)":X11:Y0:29Wu70103,50:71110,50dv49168,0w(49152)128Č24727:26909:119x49168,0y(49152)13125z118{B$" ":X11:Y0:29|70103,50:71110,50:38135:21-}K.TEXT" $i38135:21j38135:24727?kB$" ":X15:Y0:29ll67131,50::B$"(D] or E[)":X2:Y0:29m6840,50:6947,50n49168,0o(49152)128Č24727:26759:111p49168,0q(49152)13115r110sB$" ":X2:Y0:26:24744:38135:24727:B$"(C] or D[)":X15:Y0:29B]67131,50O^49168,0l_(49152)128Č26979:95y`49168,0a(49152)1399b94c38135d49152,0e(49152)128Č24727:26979:101f49168,0g(49152)13105h100 %Q67131,50:B$" ":X18:Y0:29;R38135:24727:21]S38135:B$"(D[)":X18:Y0:29lT68138,50yU49168,0V(49152)128Č26979:86W49168,0X(49152)1390Y85ZB$" ":X18:Y0:29[:68138,50:38135:213\308:27219:27239:27284:27330:273922F38135:21AG38135:21eH3086:24744:24727:38135:21I38135:24727:B$"(C])":X18:Y0:29J:67131,50K49168,0L(49152)128Č26979:76M49168,0N(49152)1381O49168,0P75181,14:3:B$" ":X19:Y0:29PC67131,50:67180,50::38135:949,1:21D24727:26644:26674:26704:26739:26759:26789:26809:26829:26859:26879:26909:26929:26949:26979:26999:27029:27049:27069#E27099:27119:27149:27169:27189 ;3086:38135:24744:24727:132,14132,10181,10181,14:B$"octave":X19:Y0:29y <67131,50:67180,50:949,2:21 =49168,0 >(49152)128C26979:A011:C:CC10:A:62 ?49168,0 @(49152)1366 A61"B0:132,14132,10181,10727:26719:26729:48" 149168,06 2(49152)1352> 343s 46626,50:6733,50:38135:67131,50:68138,50 549168,0 6(49152)128Č24727:26969:26989:54 749168,0 8(49152)1358 949168,0 :67131,50:68138,50:38135:21T *38g +69145,50:70152,50:38135:24727:6626,50:6733,50:24727:26719:26729:26254,170:26 ,26254,170:26140,170:26719:26729:TT750:27 -26140,170:260,170:26719:26729:TT750:27 .260,170 /49168,0 0(49152)128Č2439426,(Y8):39427:NN1:XX1:BLĂB8 BLČ24727:d !38120:38135::24727:949,1:24744:21m "160u #21 $38135:21 %38135:69145,50:70152,50 &49168,0 '(49152)128Č24727:27009:27019:39 (49168,0 )(49152)1343RD.DRW"1 :16302,0:3:R0T0:1:824:868:33> 49168,0S (49152)12822` 49168,0s (49152)13ı{ 21 TT1000 T0TT:T: TEXT PRINT L(B$):N1:B1L:T$(B$,N,1):A(T$) X39X0:YY1& 39424,A:39425,X: (4);"MAXFILES1"" 24990; (4);"BLOADTEXT.RP"Y (4);"BLOADKITCHEN SINK"p(4);"BLOADMUSIC"(4);"BLOADKEYBOARD.PCH"(4);"BLOADKEYBOARD.SHP,A$7858"232,88:233,120(4);"BLOADKEYBOARD.BK.TXT" (4);"BLOADKEYBOA       666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$56666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$566666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$56666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$---------#$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$, 66666666666666$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 66666666666666-$-6'$$-66'$$$$566.$$$$$$$5666.$$$$$$$$$56666.$$$$$$$$$$$566666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$56666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$566@"ilr{/SzXXXXXX $,56> ,,- 97.. !(%$$(%$$(%$$(%$$(%$$(%$<:76.%$- )55>72.5>')5.5666 9' (5 )--!,--!,--!,--!,--!,--!,-;7.>?#$<3.+%< 6) $<?653)---------  z#????ӠƠӠŠӠӠҠ àήԠӠƮԠ ! ĮˮԠ ĮˮԠӠĮԠ ٠ӠŠƮԠĠƠ  Į̮Ԯˠ Į̮ˠ  Į׮ˠ Į̮Ԡ ĮР Įנ ĮԠ ҮР0 Į̮Ԯˠ ĮԮˠ  ĮȠĮˮԠ  Į׮ˠ Į̮ˠ  à!ŮȠ"Ů͠6ŮРŮؠĮ̠ Πˠ ŠƠӮà"ŠƠӠӮԠӠŮԠŮԠԮ͠ϠԮРϮԠԠ̲Үà"Š }(4);"RUNKEYBOARD.DRL.BK"9 (4);"RUNKEYBOARD.DRL"Z (4);"RUNTABLE OF CONTENTS""B"ĺ(13):115( KA$"C"ĺ(13):120@ PA$"D"ĺ(13):125X UA$"E"ĺ(13):130p ZA$"F"ĺ(13):135 _A$"G"ė:: d198:A$"_":45 i60 n(4);"RUNKEYBOARD.WK.TEXT" s(4);"RUNKEYBOARD.DRL.WK" x(4);"RUNKEYBOARD.BK.TEXT"[ (4);"MAXFILES1""24990;(4);"BLOADTEXT.RP"Y(4);"BLOADKEYBOARD.TXT"i:16302,0q#55(TEXT PRINT-A(A$)239424,A:39425,37:39426,168:39427:738120:A08:38135:A<A$:45AA$"A"ĺ(13):110 FA$c c g c`c c g c`ccc c g ccc`ccc c g ccc`ccc c g ccc`cc c c g ccc`ccc d g ccc`c` e f c` &e f c` /e f c` 8e f c` Ae f c` Je g c` Se g c` \e g c` ee g c` ne %g c` we -g c` e 5g c` e =g c` e Eg c` e Mg c` e Ug c` e ]g c` e eg c` e mg c` e ug c` e }g c` e g c`c c g c`c d g c`d f c` BLĹ8,P:9,PP:X (4);"OPENCONFIGURE"r "(4);"READCONFIGURE" ,W$,X$,Y$,Z$ 6(4);"CLOSECONFIGURE" @W$"N"ĺ(13):340 JW$"Y"ĺ(13):350 T(4);"RUNCOMMANDS" ^(4);"RUNTABLE OF COY6:170! x(4);"BLOADSPIRAL2"G (4);"BLOADMUSICSTAR.PIC,A$4000"\ 27802,10:27648e 280 ***** GOSUB STACK ***** TEXT PRINT L(B$):N1 B1L T$(B$,N,1) A(T$) X39X0:YY1 39424,A:39425,X:39426,(Y8 (4);"MAXFILES1"(38115A((4);"BLOADTEXT.RP"\2(4);"BLOADHELLO.TXT"n<::16302,0zF230,32P38120:A09:38135:A:5Z4,46266,46266,564,564,46:3d16300,0 nB$"Please make sure {CAPS LOCK} is down.":X1:   ).This TONE could be called an (E]) or an (F), as they are ENHARMONIC TONES.Likewise, this key could be called a (C[) or a (B).Generally we do not call a TONE by it's ENHARMONIC name except under certain circumstances. These will be discussed in a D] and an E[ are ENHARMONIC TONESan F] and a G[ are also ENHARMONIC TONESIf we raise an (E) by a HALF-STEP, we find that there is only a HALF-STEP between the (E) and the (F). The next key above (E) is an (FAs we can see, each black key has two names by which it can be called. The black key to the right of (C) is called a (C] or D[).When two TONES have the same PITCH, but have different letter names, they are called ENHARMONIC TONES. For example: the (C) is called C].The FLAT ([) lowers a PITCH by one HALF-STEP.For example: the black key to the left of a (D) is called a D[.When writing an ACCIDENTAL in text, the symbol is written after the letter name of the TONE (C] or D[).FLAT ([), to indicate the raising orlowering of the NATURAL PITCHES by HALF-STEP. The SHARP (]) and the FLAT ([) are called ACCIDENTALS.The SHARP (]) raises a PITCH by one HALF-STEP.For example: the black key to the right of NE.Within each OCTAVE there are (12) HALF-STEPS.In order to name all the HALF-STEPS within an OCTAVE, we have to be able to name not only the white keys, NATURAL PITCHES, but also the black keys. We use two symbols, the SHARP (]) and the STEP is the distance from one keyto the next neighboring key.For example: From E to F is a HALF-STEPFrom B to C is a HALF-STEPHowever, from C to D is a WHOLE-STEP (WHOLE-TONE). (2) HALF-STEPS or (2) SEMI-TONES equal (1) WHOLE-STEP or (1) WHOLE TOm  "  HhH`H`xH`xHpH```````hhhhp-THE KEYBOARD (continued)-As was mentioned, the keyboard is divided into increments or intervals called HALF-STEPS (SEMI-TONES). 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These additional commands and keys are covered in each Drill program. n}...to continuePress {Return} at the end of a sentence or when the action stops on the screen.{Q}..Quit and exit program{R}...Review text{T}...Return to Table of ContentsThe Drills in the program have some alternate commands and special function mg*.26:>"&*.26:>#'+/37;?#'+/37;?(@Phx-COMMANDS-{ }...brackets are used to indicate special command keysThe following commands apply to the TEXTportion of each program:{Retur  $$5666666666666666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,66666666666666666666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.!$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$56666666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.!$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$66.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.!$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.!$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$566666 $$$$$,66666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$,66666.!$$$$$566666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666%$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5666666666666666 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666666.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,666666666666 ) ) ) ;3 ) 3 3%'XXXX166576.>?.566. 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In order to demonstrate this, we will use a SPECTRUM PLOT.SPECTRUM PLOT 1SPECTRUM PLOT 2A SPECTRUM PLOT is a graph that will display the INTENSITY of the FUNDAMENTAL (F) and the INTENSITY of theHARMONICS (1-5).SPECTRUM PLOTMENTAL is the lowest PITCH we can hear in a SOUND.HARMONICS are PITCHES that are sounded above the FUNDAMENTAL at different INTENSITY levels.The TIMBRE of a SOUND is determined by the INTENSITY of the HARMONICS that are sounding above the FUNDAMEticular sound is called TIMBRE (pronounced tam-ber).TIMBRE makes a guitar sound like a guitar and a piano sound like a piano.In order to understand TIMBRE, we have to introduce two new terms: the FUNDAMENTAL and HARMONICS.The FUNDAmined number of times in one minute.The number of BEATS in one minute can benotated mm=(beats in one minute).mm=120SOUND 1 is 8 BEATS long: Press {1}.SOUND 2 is 4 BEATS long: Press {2}. -TIMBRE-The quality that gives an instrument it's own parNGTH or DURATION of the PITCH.In music, we measure the DURATION of a PITCH by the number of BEATS or part of a BEAT that a PITCH is held for.METRONOMEThe BEAT or pulse can be heard with the use of a METRONOME, a device that can beset to beep at a detererms VOLUME and AMPLITUDE also describe how loud or soft a SOUND is.SOUND 1 and SOUND 2 are the same PITCH, but have a different INTENSITY.Press {1} to hear SOUND 1.Press {2} to hear SOUND 2.-DURATION-How long a PITCH is sounded is called the LESOUND 2)The lower the FREQUENCY, the lower the PITCH. (SOUND 1)-INTENSITY- {1} {2} Below you will see two VU METERS.A VU METER (Volume Unit) displays how loud or soft a SOUND is.The term INTENSITY refers to how loud orsoft a SOUND is.The t (the WAVEFORM repeats 220 times in one second)SOUND 2 = 440hz (the WAVEFORM repeats 440 times in one second)The musical term PITCH refers to the highness or lowness of a SOUND.The higher the FREQUENCY, the higher thePITCH. ( SOUND 1SOUND 2The number of times (cycles) that a WAVEFORM repeats in one second is called theFREQUENCY.The terms FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER SECOND (cps) and HERTZ (hz) all describe the number of times a WAVEFORM repeats in one second.SOUND 1 = 220hz SOUND WAVES.When a SOUND WAVE is regular and repeating it is called a MUSICAL TONE.When a SOUND WAVE is irregular and non-repeating it is called NOISE.Which SOUND do you think is a MUSICAL TONE: SOUND {1} or {2}? _CORRECT! NOISE TONEThe vibrations caused by the air being set into motion are called SOUND WAVES.Below you will see representations of two SOUND WAVES as they would appear on the screen of an OSCILLOSCOPE, an electronic test instrument that can visually displayomotion. These vibrations travel through the air and are received by the ear as SOUND. As there are many different types of SOUND, we are going to seperate SOUND into two types: MUSICAL TONES and NOISE.-MUSICAL TONES and NOISE-SOUND 1SOUND 2iffe-SOUND-The first thing we are going to discuss in our study of music is sound.SOUND is created by setting the air in motion by some means, such as with a tuning fork.When the tuning fork is struck, the air around the tongs of the fork is set intthe air in motion by some means, such as with a tuning fork.When the tuning fork is struck, the air around the tongs of the fork is set intomotion. These vibrations travel through the air and are received by the ear as SOUND. As there are many d@ (Hh(Xp8H`x 8Ph(Hp0Hh@Xp 8HX-SOUND-The first thing we are going to discuss in our study of music is sound.SOUND is created by setting         33520799335&207994768:335I857:20799:335919,60:20799:A19:921,A:(A1)200,169:768:B0250:B:A919,56:A110:922,A:(A1)206,169:768:B0250:B::A935,62:A110:936,A:(A1)212,169:768:79633520799:3353086w912,34:913,1:914,145:915,0:916,96:917,0:918,0:919,62:920,15:921,9:922,10928,72:929,0:930,57:931,0:932,48:933,0:934,0:935,0:936,10:937,8:938,920799:20799:20799145,180:1175,18020799:335x36864:20799:20799:A03:37890,6:36864:198:T0250:T:37890,7:36864:198:T0250:T:A:33520799:20799:33520799:20799:1653086:20799:20799:33520799:33520799:33520799:33520799:,34:929,1:37888,5:37889,5:37890,131:38080,0:38081,1:36864:335Uq20799:335ev20799:335u{20799:335A02:20799::1153086:24728,15:920,15:37888,131:37889,131:37890,6:20799:37888,131:37889,131:37890,6:20799:335 37890,130:36864:A02:20799::3106I20799:310RN20951:768:20799:310sS857:20951:796:20799:310X897:20799:310]20951:796:20799:310b897:20951:768:20799:310g857El3086:20968,96:A03:20799:A:920,9:928AX,D:>!37888,4:37889,3:37890,130:A03:20799:A:400N&20799:400c+20799:796:400}0897:20799:768:4005857:20799:425:20799:20799:768:20799:796:400?450&D3086::912,34:913,1:918,0:919,62:37888,3:37889,3:37888,0:37889,1:37890,2:20968,32:20799:36864:36864:400G455W20799:400`45037888,8:37889,8:37890,8:20799:4003086 0,0,0,0,0,0,1,55,15,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,145,0,0,0,0,0,0,62,15,0,0,0,0,0,0,0A912X031:D& 220951:768:796:(857:897[37888,128:37889,129:37890,2:36864:36864:f2095120968,96:37888,128:37889,129:20784:20799:33520968,96:37888,128:37889,129:20784:20799:33520799:36864:36864:335455>37549168,03(49152)128Č36864:405@49168,0S(49152)13ı\400i49168,0(49152)128Č36864:43049168,0(49152)49Č198:425(49152)50B$"2":X25:Y18:95425857:897:: RESET CHIPS 1 Y49168,0 ^(49152)13ı( c335k hL(B$):N1:B1L:36864:T$(B$,N,1):A(T$):X39X0:YY1 m39424,A:39425,X:39426,(Y8):39427:NN1:XX1:BLĂB rBLı w49168,0 |(49152)128Č36864:380 49168,0 (49152)49ı90,6 36864:198% T0250:T2 37890,7C "36864:198S 'T0250:TZ ,Am 1857:897:165z 649168,0 ;(49152)128Ĺ37888,131:36864:37888,3:36864:315 @49168,0 E(49152)13ı J310 O49168,0 T(49152)128340 (49152)49ī220" 49168,08 (49152)50ī265E 49168,0X (49152)13ıa 165q A03:455~ 37890,6 36864:198 T0250:T 37890,7 36864:198 T0250:T A 857:897:165 A01:455 37868,0 }(49152)128125' 49168,0N (49152)49Č768:A01000::857[ 49168,0 (49152)50Č796:A01000::897 49168,0 (49152)13ı 115 49168,0 (49152)128170 49168,0 (49152)50ī265 49168,00:1 F4807 K8,144:9,3:10,160:11,3:768:796:B PTT250S UT0TT:T:c ZTEXT PRINT _L(B$):N1:B1L:T$(B$,N,1):A(T$) dX39X0:YY1 i39424,A:39425,X:39426,(Y8):39427:NN1:XX1:BLĂB nBLı s20951 x491 (4);"MAXFILES1""24990=(4);"BLOADTEXT.ANIM"W(4);"BLOADTONE.TXT"n(4);"BLOADMUSIC"#(4);"BLOADTONE.PCH"(824:868-(4);"BLOADTONE.ANM"2(4);"BLOADTONE.SHP,A$5200"7232,0:233,82<:16302,0 A3:R0T     8):39427:NN1:XX1:BLĂB) UBLı1 ZA$G dA$(13)ĉ:::O n90P 16302,0$"BLOADSPIRAL2"J(4);"BLOADMUSICSTAR.PIC,A$4000"X(27802,10c227648<B$"PRESS {RETURN} AND REMOVE DISC":X4:Y23:70=90FL(B$):N1:B1L:T$(B$,N,1):A(T$)KX39X0:YY1 P39424,A:39425,X:39426,(Y`E   `$ 00 X`$c0c`%``%` ``  JJJJJe ) e)`>A]U=><`|f|>fff> |ff|`>>ffff~`````f<f66f~vjjjj>ffffff>|ff|``>f<<`> > l8ffff|fff<bbj~vff~0 ~880L2~%$$$ff>ff>~~>fff>ff>6fh?F&db3 S#^   T8|8T~ ~ @ >``>8 >ff<~`0 >`    Y`3456789 6:383813549168,0C(49152)128Č24727:26689:133P49168,0p(49152)13ĕ3918,42:137y132B$"A(2)":X8:Y6:383813549168,0(49152)128Č24727:26819:14049168,0(49152)13ĕ3967,42:144 ":X31:Y6:38Qz:A32:B04:38A,42:AA49:B:38135:B$"A(1)":X1:Y6:38k{B$"A(2)":X8:Y6:38x|49168,0}(49152)128Č24727:26689:26819:125~49168,0(49152)131291243086:24744:38135:32B$"A(1)":X1:Y34,6:83,083,6:132,0132,6:181,0181,6:230,0230,6:277,0277,6irB8:A1621:AB,2:BB49:A:32xs38135:32t38135:32u:B$" ":X3:Y6:38vB$" ":X10:Y6:38wB$" ":X17:Y6:38xB$" ":X24:Y6:38yB$" 744:38135:B$"C(2)":X3:Y6:38Ll3832,42:26101:B$"C(3)":X10:Y6:38xm3881,42:26197:B$"C(4)":X17:Y6:38n38130,42:26293:B$"C(5)":X24:Y6:38o38179,42:26389:B$"C(6)":X31:Y6:38p38228,42:26485:Cq0,0277,0:34,05:32ve3832,37:24727:26101:3881,37:26197:38130,37:26293:38179,37:24727:26389:38228,37:26485:38135f49168,0g(49152)128Č24727:26969:103h49168,0i(49152)13107j102 k3086:24754,42:24759,30:24764,42:243086:24769:38135:323^705,38:7112,38:B19>_C04\`A6571:AB,38:BB7:AcaCb65264,38:66271,38:32c38135:949,2:A$:38135d3832,37:24727:26101:3881,37:26197:38130,37:26293:38179,37:26389:38228,37:2648BB210:29(R24727:26253:26349:308SBB210:29UT24727:26269:26365:32yU38135:B$"octave":X19:Y1:38V:32W38135:32X3086:38135:38135:24744:32Y38135:32Z38135:32[38135:949,1:24727:181\32]4727:26173:26269:30& FBB210:29C G24727:26189:26285:30S HBB210:29l I24727:26197:26293t J30 KBB210:29 L24727:26213:26309:30 MBB210:29 N24727:26229:26325:30 OBB210:29 P24727:26237:26333:30 QA65:26261:28 626269:28- 726285:28< 826293:28K 926309:28Z :26325:28i ;26333:28} <26349:A65:28 =26365:28 >26381:28 ?26389:28 @26405:28 A26421:28 B26429:32 C38135:32 D38135:B2:29 E20:YY1F (39424,A:39425,X:39426,(Y8):39427:NN1:XX1:BLĂBX )BLČ24727:n *38120:38135:32 +B0:A65:28 ,26173:28 -26189:28 .26197:28 /26213:28 026229:28 126237:28 226253 332 438135:32 5A:I 0:D,20D,15E,15E,20:3:A1623:C35:A(B112),C:BB14:A:n A1623:C35:AB,C:BB14:A:{ 49168,0 !(49152)12833 "49168,0 #(49152)13ı $32 %TEXT PRINT &L(B$):N1:B1L:T$(B$,N,1):A(T$) 'X39X);"BLOADKEYBOARD.DRW"% :16302,05 3:R0T0:1C 824:868K 42u 8,144:9,3:10,160:11,3:768:796: TT250 T0TT:T: 39424,A:39425,B:24719:BB2:AA1: DB2:ED98:D,20D,15E,15E,20:A1623:C35:AB,C:BB14: (4);"MAXFILES1"" 24990; (4);"BLOADTEXT.RP"Y (4);"BLOADKITCHEN SINK"p(4);"BLOADMUSIC"(4);"BLOADKEYBOARD.PCH"824:868(4);"BLOADKEYBOARD.SHP,A$7858"232,88:233,120(4);"BLOADKEYBOARD.TXT.WK" (4! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!     > > `! * **,,,x?    @(l*** * ) )@)@(@(@)@) ) * **,,,x?    @(l*** * ) )@)@(@(@)@) ) * **,,,x?    @(l*** * ) )@)@(@(@)@) ),x?    @(l*** * ) )@)@(@(@)@) ) * **,,,x?    @* * ) )@)@(@(@)@) ) * **,,,x?    @(l*** * ) )@)@(@(@)@) ) * **,,( l **** ) ) )@(@(@(@( ( ( ( (hhhx?    @x,H$(l** ( ( ( (hhhx?    @( l **** ) ) )@(@(@(@( ( ( ( (hhhx?    @( l **** ) ) )@(@(@(@( ( ( ( (hhhx?    @( l **** ) ) )@(@(@(@(hx?    @( l **** ) ) )@(@(@(@( ( ( ( (hhhx?    @*** ) ) )@(@(@(@( ( ( ( (hhhx?    @( l **** ) ) )@(@(@(@( ( ( ( (hhx,H$( l *ab4 P "" " " " " """""""""