8L2C)pJJJJ IH(ȱH:=IH[H`@HcH  $ +   I/H`JLNGȄBȄF aK  haaFF  mJm# KKJ UJ )J ۈ) ;J3ȱJFȱJGJKaȄM  aaNNJFLGJL LEvery period in history seems to have its share of silly fads. A fad is an interest followed with great enthusiasm for a limited amount of time. In the 1920's, some people actually swallowed live goldfish for fun. There were even contests held to see whb8O* 'SEQNC.4 <=O: 'INFRN.4;O4 RR.STORIES.3.4*' 'IDEAS.3;O. 'FACTS.3'7O) 'SEQNC.3D /=O8 'INFRN.3d9O3 'IDEAS.4;O/ 'FACTS.4 >dLԡm#i㰼m#iЕOLԡȱfg hi !dLԡ憦  Ljmkm l y`2 Lԡ8(Je稽)ʈ@LLnSOS BOOT 1.1 SOS.KERNEL SOS KRNLI/O ERRORFILE 'SOS.KERNEL' NOT FOUND%INVALID KERNEL FILE: xةw,@  ȱlmi8#)!)? &PRODOS `DaElH$?EGvѶK+`L HHLy XP LM ŠϠĠӠS)*+,+`F)) (*=GJFjJJA QE'+ '== `@ STSP8QSS8 m P o R(8Ro could swallow the most goldfish. Lyndon Hart, a 16 year old from Watertown, South Dakota, holds the record for goldfish swallowing. Lyndon swallowed 501 live goldfish in three hours and eleven minutes. Right after this fishy feat, he managed to drink   !"#$% how to build a statue. why a statue was built to honor the boll weevil. how farmers in Alabama fought the boll weevil. why it is difficult to grow cotton. B George always had the most amazing dreams. He could remember his dreams in great detail, so he worops. The farmers were forced to find other things to raise, like livestock and peanuts. Later, the farmers found a way to fight the boll weevils. But, they were grateful to the insect for causing them find new things to raise. This passage mainly tellsant people in our country's history. In Alabama, a statue was built to honor the boll weevil. The boll weevil is a bug that kills cotton plants. Many years ago, almost every farmer in Alabama grew cotton. Then the boll weevils came and destroyed the c. The main purpose of this passage is to disprove some common myths about pigs. explain how pigs helped Egyptian and Greek farmers. describe the tricks done by "Fred's Pigs." tell why pigs are often misunderstood. A There are many statues that honor import the early 1900's. In the 15th century, pigs were taught to dance in order to entertain the King of France. Pigs can also be very useful animals. Long ago, pigs helped Egyptian and Greek farmers plant crops by making holes in the ground with their hoovest dirty, sweaty, lazy, or stupid. Pigs do not even have sweat glands, so they must roll in the mud to cool off. They are also very intelligent animals and can be taught to do tricks. "Fred's Pigs" were a group of 21 pigs that put on a vaudeville show inre every year. This passage is mainly about the life of Thomas Jefferson. landmarks in South Dakota. Gutzon Borglum's work on Mount Rushmore. the many works of Gutzon Borglum. C Pigs are commonly misjudged animals. Contrary to popular belief, pigs are noe the faces of these men carved into the stone. Gutzon Borglum came up with the idea for the sculpture. It took six and a half years to finish, and cost about one million dollars. Many thousands of people from all over the world come to see Mount Rushmot he is most famous for his work on Mount Rushmore. Mount Rushmore is a memorial in South Dakota. It honors four American presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt. If you go to Mount Rushmore, you will seidea of this passage? Famous dogs receive a lot of fan mail. Animals "stars" have been trained from birth. Most famous dogs are female. Sometimes ordinary dogs become stars. D Gutzon Borglum was an American sculptor. He created many great works of art, buhard to control. He was taught to obey commands and became the star in "Lassie Come Home." In the Broadway musical "Annie," there is a dog named Sandy. He was discovered at the pound the night before he was supposed to be put to sleep. What is the main stars? Well, you may be surprised at the answer. Rin Tin Tin was once a very famous dog. He was discovered when he was left behind by his owners, the German Army. The first Lassie was a dog named Pal. Pal was taken to a training school because he was a soda and eat a hot dog with the works! This passage is mainly about the many fads of the 1920's. famous people from South Dakota. Lyndon Hart's goldfish swallowing record. what people ate in the 1920's. C Have you ever wondered what kinds of dogs become uld share them with his family at the breakfast table. After awhile, it became a family tradition for George to relay his magnificent dreams every morning. One afternoon, George complained about not having any ideas for his creative writing assignment. His mother suggested that he put a note pad beside his bed and write about his dream as soon as he woke up. It was a great idea! After some revisions, George had written one of his best stories. Which sentence tells the most about this story? George usedbare hands. The natives of New Zealand, the Maori, catch fish in a very unusual way. Wading through clear streams, they look for fish sleeping between clumps of rocks. They walk very slowly and quietly so they won't alarm the fish. When they spot a fis how the Indians made clothes. why the buffalo became extinct. how the Indians used buffalo sinews. why the Indians considered the buffalo useful. D There are many ways to catch fish. While many people use expensive equipment, some people fish with their , and even boats were made from buffalo skin. The Indians sewed the skins together using thread made from the sinews or tendons of the buffalo. Indians were able to chase away insects with a fly swatter made from a buffalo tail. This passage mainly tellse resource. It provided them with many of the things necessary for survival. The meat of the buffalo was an excellent source of food. Tools were made from buffalo bones. The horns of the buffalo were used to make cups and ladles. Clothes, rugs, tepeesait to have the picture developed. This story is mostly about the life of Albert Einstein. the author's family vacations. the author's science class. stopping to take a picture of a statue. D To the Indians of the American plains, the buffalo was a valuabl we could if we only stayed for a minute. I searched through my backpack for my camera. My sister volunteered to take a picture of me with the statue. I sat right next to him--he was huge. I knew then that he must have been a real genius. I couldn't wour motor home when I saw a sign that said, "Turn here to see the statue of Albert Einstein." We had learned about Einstein in my science class. He was probably the smartest man who ever lived. I asked my dad if we could stop to see the statue. He saidis passage mainly tells about the trees given to the gold medal winners at the 1936 Olympics. where Frank Lewis' tree was planted. the inscription on the pot of the Olympic tree. why the German people gave trees to the athletes. A We were driving along in on to further achievement." Most of the athletes had their trees planted at their schools. Frank Lewis, a former Olympic wrestler, is the only living athlete whose tree is still thriving. Lewis' tree was planted on the lawn of his college fraternity. Thawarded the traditional gold medal. But, they were also given another gift to recognize their achievements. The German people gave each gold medal winner a potted oak tree. On the pot there was an inscription that said, "Grow to honor the victory! Summage mainly tells about the value of an antique bicycle collection. the bicycles that have appeared in movies. Robert Trepanier's bicycle collection. how many bicycles are in the collection. C The best American athletes at the 1936 Olympics in Germany were twelve years old, he had saved enough money to buy his first high-wheeler bicycle. Today his collection includes 290 antique bicycles. They are all in working condition. Some of the bicycles have appeared in movies and television commercials. This passhe had a collection of penny-farthings, boneshakers, and high wheelers? Well, Robert Trepanier does have such a collection, but his treasures are more commonly known as bicycles. Trepanier was always fascinated with bikes as a child. By the time he was his dream to help him with an assignment. George could not remember his dreams. George's family heard about his dreams every morning. George's mother suggested he use his dream as an idea for a story. A Would you be properly impressed if someone told you h, they reach down through the water and tickle it. The startled fish backs right into the hands of the fishermen. The Maori must learn how to hold on to a wriggling fish, so that it doesn't slip out of their hands. This passage mainly tells how the Maori prepare fish. why people use expensive equipment to catch fish. how some New Zealand natives catch fish. what kinds of fish live in the waters of New Zealand. C Looking at a map of the moon, you might think its surface is covered with water. The map wounning of sign language. With practice, some people can spell out words at over 100 words a minute. Today, many deaf and hard-of-hearing people are taught to use their voices. But, sign language is still an important part of their lives. This passage is ian doctor named Jerome Cardan tried to help deaf people. He believed that they did not have to speak to communicate. By the 17th century, a finger alphabet was developed. People could use their hands to make certain letters or words. This was the begiitor's boyhood dream of flying. how a rocket pack works. Bill Suitor's rocket pack flight at the 1984 Summer Olympics. the lighting of the Olympic torch. C Long ago, people who couldn't hear or speak were treated very unjustly. But in the 1700's, an Ital took off near the torch and landed on the running track. Bill's flight only lasted 21 seconds, but the producer of the opening ceremony paid about $10,000 for the act. That's a lot of money for a 21-second flight! This passage tells mainly about Bill Sulympics. Bill was the pilot of the rocket pack. A rocket pack allows its pilot to fly into the air without a plane or wings. Two tanks containing chemicals were strapped to Bill's back. Steam from these tanks thrust Bill into the air like a rocket. Hely about Arthur Winn. the history of crossword puzzles. how crossword puzzles can help you learn new words. American newspapers in the 1920's. B Although Bill Suitor is not an athlete, he was asked to take part in the opening ceremony of the 1984 Summer O on December 21, 1913. After that, a crossword puzzle appeared in that newspaper every Sunday. The first book of crossword puzzles was published in 1924. Now, at least one crossword puzzle appears in most major newspapers every day. This passage is main new words. The first crossword puzzles were called word squares. These word squares did not use numbered definitions as clues. Arthur Winn put together the first crossword puzzles with numbered clues. His first puzzle appeared in a New York newspaperll over the world. This passage mostly tells about the National Institution for the Young Blind. why Braille developed a new alphabet for the blind. how blind people learn to read. Louis Braille's childhood. B Doing crossword puzzles is a good way to learnsed letters. The letters were so large that only a few words could fit on one page. Louis wanted to improve upon this method of reading. So he developed a new alphabet made up of patterns of raised dots. Braille's alphabet is now used by blind people a He lived a very lonely, hopeless life until a village priest began to teach him. After a few years, Louis' teacher helped him get into the National Institution for the Young Blind. At the Institution, the students learned to read by touching large, raiught the moon's surface was covered with water. Neil Armstrong landed in the middle of the Sea of Tranquility. Astronomers saw dark patches on the moon. The Lake of Dreams is not a body of water. A When he was three years old, Louis Braille lost his sight.r on the moon's surface. Many years ago, astronomers saw dark patches on the moon's surface and assumed they were bodies of water. The names they gave these dark patches still remain. Which sentence tells the most about this passage? Astronomers once thold show the Sea of Moisture, the Lake of Dreams, the Marsh of Sleep, and many other bodies of water. When Neil Armstrong landed on the moon, he landed in the middle of the Sea of Tranquility. However, he did not get wet. This is because there is no watemainly about doctors of the 1700's. the treatment of deaf people long ago. Jerome Cardan. the development of sign language. D Joe Reilford was the batboy for a minor league baseball team. Although he was only 12 years old, Joe was big for his age and a very good hitter. Once when the team was losing very badly, the crowd shouted for the manager to "Put in the batboy!" The crowd was not serious, but the manager decided to let Joe play. The first time he was up, Joe hit the ball towards third base. Joe w&()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@AB the team would have bad luck if they did not find it.~ The same day, there was a story in the newspaper about a possum found near the White House. The children were certain it was their mascot. They wrote a letter to President Hoover, asking about theMany athletic teams have a mascot, an animal or a person dressed as an animal, for good luck. A public school baseball team near Washington, D.C. used a possum for a mascot. One day, the team could not find its mascot anywhere. ~ They were concerned thaty tells about laws passed in Africa to prevent hunters from killing rhinos. the valuable horns of the black rhino. rhinos that were brought to Texas to live in safety. the number of rhinos living in Africa. C needed to find a new home for them. So, he brought several adult rhinos to the United States. He set aside eighty acres in Texas where they can live and raise their young. Here, the rhinos are safe from being killed for their horns. This passage mainlt 7,000 rhinos left. This is because rhinos are hunted for their precious horns. Laws have been passed to stop the hunting, but many rhinos are still being killed. Calvin Bensten was very worried that the black rhinoceros would die out. He knew that hells how changes in the weather can harm plants. a new machine can help a farmer care for plants. a farmer decides which crops to plant. pollution can harm plants. B In 1970, over 60,000 black rhinoceroses lived in Africa. But by 1985, there were only abou track of the size of the stem and lets the farmer know when his plants need attention. The machine itself cannot save the plants. But it does give the farmer a chance to try different methods and possibly to grow healthier plants. This passage mainly te too late for a farmer to save a plant when he realizes that it needs help. Recently, a machine has been invented that warns farmers when a plant is not healthy. The diameter of the plant's stem gets smaller when it is not doing well. This machine keepsroo. Kangaroos live in Australia. Joeys stay close to their mothers for two years. A frightened joey hops back into the pouch. C Crops are affected by what goes on around them. Pollution and certain changes in the weather can hurt crops. But, it is oftenjoey learns how to become independent. A baby kangaroo leaves its mother's pouch for good when it is eleven months old. But, it stays close to its mother until it is about two years old. Which sentence tells most about the passage? A joey is a baby kanga mother's pouch. It stays secure and warm in the pouch until it is about eight months old. After that, it hops around outside of the pouch and eats grass. Whenever it is frightened, it hops back into its mother's pouch, head first. Little by little, a . the many duties of a batboy. a batboy who gets to play in a professional game. an amazing catch. C A kangaroo is called a marsupial because it carries its young in a pouch. A baby kangaroo is called a joey. When a joey is born, it must quickly find itsas out at first base, but it had been a good try. When he was out in the field, Joe made an amazing catch. Although the team lost the game, Joe was thrilled about getting the chance to play. This passage is mainly about the rules in minor league baseball possum. It was returned, and the team's good luck continued. The team wanted to find the possum because they believed it brought them good luck. they were afraid it might bother the President. it was their favorite pet. they thought it might bring bad lu one pole. put on the brakes. ski backwards. D Today many people enjoy listening to music through a set of earphones and a very small radio or tape player. The most popular of these mini stereos is the Sony Walkman. These tiny stereos are very conveniento push himself along the road. ~ The wheels do not roll backwards,~ so skiing uphill is possible. Because it is superb exercise, roller skiing is becoming popular in the United States. Roller skiers can do all of the following except ski uphill. use onlyia. By 1967, United States Olympic cross country skiers were using roller skis to prepare for the 1968 winter games. Today roller skis are much shorter and made of a lighter material. Some roller skis even have brakes. The skier uses one or two poles ttor is based on temperature and wind speed. wind speed and humidity. wind speed and snowfall. temperature and humidity. A What do you get when you put wheels on cross-country skis? Roller skis, of course. Roller skiing is a sport that began in Scandinavture seem colder. ~ The wind chill factor is based on temperature and wind speed.~ For example, if the temperature outside is five degrees Fahrenheit, and the wind is blowing at 30 miles per hour, it feels like it is 43 degrees below zero. Wind chill fac name accurately describes the typical winter weather conditions. The weatherman might say that it is five degrees below zero, but 50 degrees below zero with the wind chill factor. This means that the combination of the cold and wind makes actual tempera in the freezing temperatures of the Arctic, where most animals cannot live. Reindeer are trained in six weeks. to find food for each other. to run in races. to pull heavy loads. D The city of Chicago, Illinois, is sometimes called the "Windy City." This enjoy it. However, they are very good at their job. ~ A reindeer can pull a very heavy load at up to ten miles an hour.~ Because reindeer find their own food, they are not difficult to care for. Reindeer are very hardy creatures. They can pull a loadus think of reindeer as the friendly animals that pull Santa's sleigh. Actually, reindeer are not tame or willing animals. It takes at least six months to train a reindeer to pull a sled. Pulling these sleds is hard work for the reindeer, and they don'tvaluable that a person might be killed if he stole a single stick of it. Today, cinnamon can be found easily in most grocery stores. Cinnamon comes from the leaves of a tree. a spice called Ceylon. a plant grown under water. the bark of a tree. D Most of azil, and the West Indies. The bark is a yellowish color and has a very pleasant odor. Long ago, spices like cinnamon were very hard to find. Explorers like Christopher Columbus sailed to faraway lands to find new spices. Cinnamon was once so rare and funeral. How many races did Man o' War win? 5,000 21 383 20 D Many people like to sprinkle cinnamon on their toast. ~ It is hard to believe that this sweet spice comes from the bark of an evergreen tree.~ This tree is found in warm places like Ceylon, Bron dollars. This included money earned for fathering many horses. Man o' War was the father of 383 horses. Many of his colts went on to earn a lot of money as racehorses. He was quite popular with Americans, and when he died, 2,500 people attended his ck to the President. A The greatest racehorse in American history was called Man o' War. He was bought at an auction for five thousand dollars in 1918. ~ Of the 21 races the horse ran, he lost only one.~ Man o' War's earnings totaled more than two milli. ~ A person can walk, jog, or do most anything while listening to music.~ People can now listen to music without disturbing anyone else. These portable players are getting even smaller. A wireless radio the size of an earplug has been developed by Elwood G. Norris. No one knows when you are listening to it, because it fits inside the ear. Which statement about the tiny new radio is not true? It fits inside the ear. It was developed by Elwood G. Norris. It has no wires. It cannot be used when jogging.esses that he once trapped and sold wolves for money, and he hopes his new business will help lessen his guilt feelings.~ Cecil Cohen has guilt feelings about charging too much for his doghouses. his life as a salesman. his former job as a trapper. using selling doghouses. Cohen's doghouses range from an ordinary one for $25, to an air conditioned and fully carpeted one for $850. Two of his unique products are a two-story "condo" for a dog and a cat, and a duplex designed for two guard dogs. ~ Cohen conflped them find food. He carried their heavy loads. He chased away other animals. A Cecil Cohen has made his living by selling things for most of his life. He has sold almost everything from newspapers to sewing machines. His latest project is making and h the army during World War I. ~ Stubby could hear the shells shot by the enemy before the soldiers could. He would warn the soldiers about the danger by running for cover.~ How did Stubby help the soldiers? He warned them about the enemies' shots. He heoyal to their owners. Dogs are also good at protecting people. They are often used as watchdogs. Their keen sense of hearing helps them guard people against danger. A dog named Stubby was famous for protecting people from danger. He went to Europe witen million tons of bamboo each year.~ Which word does not correctly describe bamboo? useful fast-growing edible scarce D For many years, dogs have been known as man's best friend. Dogs are good companions for people. If they are treated well, they are lost important use is as a source of food. Young bamboo shoots are eaten by many people in Asia. One of the most amazing things about bamboo is its rate of growth. Bamboo grows so quickly that you can actually hear it growing. ~ The world produces about t people refer to the bamboo plant as a tree, it is actually a type of grass. This grass is the world's most useful plant. The Japanese have discovered over 1,500 uses for bamboo. Medicine, furniture, and tools can all be made from bamboo. Perhaps its mThe polar bears wait for the bay to freeze because it makes it easier for them to catch seals. the seals live on the land when the water is frozen. they can walk on the ice to a neighboring island. it tells them when it's time to hibernate. A Although many warning people about the polar bear alert. The people must follow certain safety rules to avoid danger. ~ When the bay freezes, the bears concentrate on finding holes in the ice where seals come up for air. The seals are easily captured by the bears.~ Canada, you might see a polar bear in your backyard. Churchill is a town on Hudson Bay. In October and November, the bears roam around the town waiting for the bay to freeze. They are also attracted by the smell of food in the garbage. Signs are posted orchards, so we may be able to see and taste this unusual fruit soon. Which statement about jackfruits is false? They grow on trees. They are being planted in Florida. They have a pleasant odor. They are very heavy. C If you lived in Churchill, a town in out from the trunk. When a jackfruit is ripe, it weighs about 80 pounds. Jackfruits have a bumpy yellowish-green skin. ~ Although they don't smell very good, jackfruits are said to be delicious.~ Farmers in Florida are planting jackfruit trees in their D What do you get when you mix the flavors of a pineapple, a pear, and an artichoke? Some people think you get the taste of a jackfruit. A jackfruit is an enormous fruit that grows on trees in southern Asia. It hangs from short, wiry stems which stick inferior materials to build his doghouses. C During a thunderstorm, you see flashes of lightning and hear crashes of thunder. Lightning is really a huge spark of electricity. Thunder is the sound made by the air as it is abruptly heated. Although lightning and thunder occur at the same time, we see the lightning before we hear the thunder. ~ This is because light travels faster than sound.~ You can tell how close or distant a storm is by counting the seconds between the flash of lightning and the crash, the coconuts and breadfruit, is eaten by the 700 people that live on the island. ~ So, the pigs must depend on the ocean for food.~ They dive into the water and search for small fish in the reefs. The pigs were probably transported to the island longor. seed with roots. D Have you ever seen a pig swim? Well, the wild pigs in Fakaofo, an island in the Pacific Ocean, are great swimmers. They have learned to swim in order to survive. There is very little food growing on the land. What little is there. But others float for hundreds of miles on ocean currents before taking root. When these seedlings become trees in far away shallow waters, the process begins again. A seedling is a tree that grows in water. floating seed. tree that grows near the equatasts of countries near the equator. But the mangrove is a traveling tree. ~ Its seeds sprout roots, or become seedlings, while they are still on the tree.~ After awhile, the seedlings fall into the water. Some seedlings take root near the original treeearns how certain sounds feel. A person wearing a tickle belt learns sounds by seeing. tasting. feeling. hearing. C The red mangrove is a very unusual tree. Instead of growing on land, it grows in very shallow water. Most mangrove trees grow along the cois a sound nearby.~ The user wears a microphone on his shirt, and when someone speaks, the buttons on the inside of the belt "tickle" his stomach. Different patterns of tickles are felt with different sounds. Instead of hearing words, the deaf person le of Frank Saunders' recent invention, many completely deaf people will be able to know what sound feels like. His invention has been nicknamed the tickle belt. ~ This is because the person who wears it feels a vibration across the stomach any time there in the front of the machine and uses a joystick to steer. Although it moves rather slowly, the ASV is very useful for exploration. The ASV can do all of these things except fly like a plane. climb mountains. step over walls. walk through a swamp. A Becaussix legs. It is controlled by computers and looks like a giant insect. The machine can go where cars, jeeps, and trains cannot go. ~ The ASV can climb mountains, step over walls, wade through swamps, and turn around like a helicopter.~ The driver sits eat fish eggs. A sea horse has a tail like a snake. B Over the years, man has used animals for transportation. Today, scientists are designing a means of transportation that looks like an animal. The ASV is a walking machine that is 17 feet long and has her sea horse lays her eggs, she puts them in a pouch beneath the father's tail. He carries them until they are ready to hatch.~ Which statement is false? Sea horses can swim. The mother sea horse holds the eggs until they are ready to hatch. Sea horses creatures and fish eggs. Sea horses cling to seaweed so they won't be swept away by the ocean current. They use a single fin to swim through the water. One of the most unusual things about sea horses is the way they care for their young. ~ After the motl later. light travels more slowly than sound. B What swims in the ocean, has the head of a pony, the tail of a snake, and is covered with thorny spikes? No, it is not a sea monster. It is a sea horse. Sea horses live in warm water. They eat small sea of thunder. The more time there is between the lightning and the thunder, the further away the storm. We do not hear thunder at the same time we see lightning because the storm is too far away. sound travels more slowly than light. it does not occur unti ago as livestock. Now they have become true fishermen. The wild pigs in Fakaofo learned to swim in order to flee from their enemies. because the water keeps them cool. in order to fish for their food. in order to get to a neighboring island. C If you use your imagination, you can look up at the clouds and see pictures of familiar things. For example, a cloud might look like a person's face or an ice cream cone. Long ago, people looked up at the stars and saw pictures. One group of stars looked like a children bought souvenirs. B George Crumb was a chef at a fashionable resort in Saratoga Springs, New York. He was very proud of his cooking abilities. One day, a customer complained that the french fried potatoes were too thick. The waiter asked Crumb children, and the stories of the day's events began again. What happened right after the children got on the bus? The children told their parents about the trip. The children talked about what they had done at Disneyland. Some children went to sleep. The After that, they had decided that Small World, a more peaceful ride, would be nice. After awhile, the bus became quieter and some of the children slept for the remainder of the trip. When the bus pulled into the school parking lot, parents greeted theirfactories. B The children excitedly boarded the bus, their arms filled with candy and souvenirs. They laughed and talked about their day at Disneyland. Everyone had first rushed to ride Space Mountain. Then they had all experienced the Haunted Mansion. ake candy, cookies, and other delicious chocolate desserts. What happens to the beans right after they are roasted? They are picked from the cacao trees. They are taken out of the shells. They are ground up into a liquid. They are shipped to the chocolate CEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abd at just the right time. The beans are then dried and shipped to chocolate factories. At the factory, one machine roasts the beans, and the next one takes the beans out of their shells. The beans are then ground into a liquid. This liquid is used to mOne of the world's favorite flavors comes from the cacao tree. The cacao tree grows in warm, wet climates close to the equator. We get chocolate from the beans that grow on this tree. In order to get the best tasting chocolate, the beans must be gathere When we eat certain foods, we taste the sugar that was made by these plants. The sugar we taste in fruit is called fructose. lactose. brown sugar. cane sugar. A fruit, we get a sugar called fructose.~ Even vegetables, grains, and potatoes have sugar in them. Sugar was not added to these foods like it is added to many breakfast cereals. Plants need sugar to grow. They make their own sugar from air and water. ere. A You probably know that there is a lot of sugar in most desserts. This kind of sugar has been taken from sugar cane and treated with chemicals. But many foods contain natural sugar. For example, milk contains a type of sugar called lactose. ~ Fromrs which make up these constellations move to a different part of the sky. Constellations are made up of a group of stars. always seen in the same part of the sky. myths made up by people of ancient times. only seen by people living in the Northern Hemisphcrab and another looked like a hunter. ~ These star pictures are called constellations.~ Constellations are named for the things they appear to be. The Big Dipper is an example of a constellation with which most people are familiar. Each month, the stato make some new french fries. Very offended, he decided to cut the potatoes as thin as possible. He was sure the customer would not like the potatoes prepared this way. However, when the customer tasted them, she said they were absolutely delicious. George Crumb had made the first potato chips. What happened first? The chef was very insulted. The waiter asked the chef to make a new batch of french fries. The customer was pleased with the thinly cut potatoes. A customer complained that her french fries 2 by the Val Surf Shop of California. It was made from roller skate wheels and a wooden board. But the wheels made a great deal of noise. The skateboards were also very unsafe because the wheels did not grip the ground well. As a result, some cities outo use stronger cable under water. There was a bad storm. An underwater cable was not working properly. The cable was pulled up for investigation. A Today many young people enjoy riding and doing tricks on skateboards. The first skateboard was made in 196e sharks had apparently tried to bite through the cable. The telephone company solved their fishy problem by using very durable cable for underwater connections. What happened after the sharks' teeth were found in the cable? The telephone company decided t off during a storm. Recently, the telephone company discovered a very unusual problem. A cable that had been had laid underwater did not seem to be working. When they pulled it up to investigate, they found sharks' teeth sticking out of the cable. Thce. Mix water, ammonia, laundry bluing, and salt in a bowl. Pour the liquid over the charcoal. C The telephone company often has problems with its wires and cables. This causes problems for the people who use telephones. Sometimes telephone service is cum place for awhile. After you have allowed the liquid to evaporate, the charcoal will be covered with white, rounded crystals. What is the first step you should take when growing crystals? Put a few pieces of charcoal in a pan. Leave the pan in a warm plalf. You will need water, ammonia, laundry bluing, salt, and charcoal. First, mix all the ingredients except the charcoal in a bowl. Then put a few pieces of charcoal in a pan. Pour the mixture from the bowl onto the charcoal. Then put the pan in a ward his father picked out a Christmas tree. The eggs hatched. The eggs were put in an incubator. A All minerals are made up of crystals. The shape of the crystals determines the shape of the mineral. You can see how crystals grow by growing some for yourseshould do with the eggs. He took them to a laboratory and put them in an incubator for warmth. A week later, the eggs hatched and revealed three baby robins. What happened right after the tree was brought home? A nest was found in the tree. The author anome, we found a nest tightly tucked away between two sturdy branches. It was amazing that the nest hadn't fallen during the long trip home. There were three pale blue eggs in the nest. My friend's father was a zoologist, so I decided to ask him what we orch were displayed in Philadelphia. The American people welcomed the statue to its new home. A Every year my father and I go up to the mountains to pick out the perfect Christmas tree. Last year, we got more than we bargained for. When we got the tree htatue was taken apart, packed in 200 crates, and shipped to the United States. What happened right after the Statue of Liberty was completed? The statue was taken apart and packed in shipping crates. Bartholdi visited America. The statue's right hand and t the sculptor of the statue, came to America to pick a site for the statue even before he had begun to work on it. By 1876, the statue's right hand and and torch were completed and displayed at the Philadelphia Exposition. Ten years later, the finished swere too thick. D When the Statue of Liberty arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885 on a rainy, foggy day, thousands of people came to welcome it. The people had waited a long time to get a glimpse of the statue. In 1871, Frederic Auguste Bartholdi,tlawed the riding of skateboards on public streets. In 1973, Frank Norsworthy invented a quieter, safer skateboard wheel. This new kind of skateboard was allowed back on the streets. What happened after skateboards were found to be unsafe? Some cities outlawed skateboard riding on public streets. The new skateboard was allowed on the street. Val Surf Shop made a skateboard with roller skate wheels. Frank Norsworthy improved the skateboard. A In 1891, William Wrigley moved to Chicago and started his own cowho wanted to learn more about the way killer whales communicate. At Marineland, computers were used to record the sounds made by the whales. At least 55 different sounds were recorded. These sounds were played for the whales, and the scientists observewas never billed again. The department store called him about the bill. The man received another bill for $00.00. B Orky and Corky are two killer whales that lived at Marineland, a theme park in Southern California. They were very important to scientists the man received the identical bill, he decided to send the store a check for $00.00. It worked! He was never billed again. What happened after the man sent the check for $00.00? The man circled the amount and mailed the bill back to the store. The man d the man owed $00.00. The man decided to ignore the bill. The next month, the man got a second bill from the same store. Again, the bill was for $00.00. So, the man circled this amount on the bill and mailed it back to the store. The next month, whenU.S. Hoskin tracked down the inventor. D Although computers are very useful tools, they can sometimes make mistakes. A man was once mailed a bill from a department store. The bill had been printed by a computer. The confusing thing was that the bill sai the shorts in the U.S. The shorts are now being sold to both children and adults. What happened right after Hoskin saw children using bobsled shorts? Hoskin offered to market the shorts in the U.S. Hoskin visited Germany. Bobsled shorts were sold in the The shorts were made of waterproof material and worn over a snowsuit. A plastic glide shield was fastened to the seat of the shorts. Hoskin believed that these shorts would be popular at home, so he tracked down the inventor. Then he offered to marketnto a mushy paste. D When Garlan Hoskin visited Germany in 1983, he saw some children whizzing down a snowy hill. The sight was remarkable because the children were not using skis or a sled. They were wearing their sleds -- in the form of bobsled shorts.. When these sheets dry completely, recycled paper has been made. What happens after the shredded paper is mixed with chemicals? The paste is mixed with water. The paper is shredded into tiny pieces. The sheets are spread out to dry. The paper is turned iso that it can be used again. The paper is first shredded into tiny pieces. Then it is mixed with special chemicals. These chemicals clean the paper and turn it into a mushy paste. After it is mixed with water, this paste is spread out to dry in sheets of all the things you use each day that are made from paper. Most of the paper in these products comes from the trunk of a tree. These trees are constantly replanted, but they take a long time to grow. In order to conserve trees, old paper is recycled ght after Wrigley salesmen began giving away gum? The Wrigley Company decided to sell gum as its main product. The Wrigley Company sold soap. The salesmen realized gum would be easier to sell. The Wrigley company decided to sell baking powder. C Just thinklesmen soon discovered that most people were much more interested in buying the chewing gum. Wrigley decided to change his company's chief product once again. By the end of the century, Wrigley's gum was popular throughout the country. What happened rimpany. The company started out selling soap, and then changed their chief product to baking powder. In order to increase sales, Wrigley told his salesmen to give away two packs of chewing gum with each ten cent package of baking powder they sold. The sad any responses. If the whale "talked back," the sounds were recorded. Then the sounds were translated into language for the scientist to read on the video screen. What took place before the whales listened to their recorded sounds? A whale "talked back" to the sound of his own speech. Scientists read the translated whale sounds. A computer translated the whales' speech. About 55 different whale sounds were recorded. D I nervously paced around the room. My parents didn't suspect anything. It was their 2s free. What happened after the author opened the patio door? The author discovered the house in shambles. The squirrel tore the curtains. The author went to water the plants. The squirrel ran out of the house. D Vanilla is one of the most popular flavors se. A squirrel scampered across the carpeting and under the sofa. It had gotten in the house somehow and was now trapped. I opened the sliding glass door to the patio, hoping the squirrel would see its opportunity to escape. It worked! The intruder wafamily was away on vacation. When I went to the house, it was in a shambles! There was garbage everywhere, lamps were knocked down, and the curtains were torn. My first thought was to call the police to report an intruder. Then I heard a scratching noiunder the ground. What happened soon after Houdini joined the circus? He learned to do escape tricks. He learned how to pick locks. He made a pea appear in a cup. He escaped from a buried coffin. A My friend's mother asked me to water the plants while the himself from the knotted ropes. He learned how to pick any kind of lock when he worked for a locksmith. This knowledge helped him perform more amazing escape tricks. Known as the "Escape King," Houdini once got out of a coffin that was buried six feet rick at a very young age. When he was six years old, Houdini made a pea suddenly appear in a cup. He joined a circus when he was nine, and was soon doing escape tricks. Volunteers in the audience were asked to tie up Houdini. He would then quickly freen plant the rice. What takes place first? The farmers plant a new rice crop. The ducks are led to the paddy with a bamboo pole. The ducks eat all of the insects in the area. The farmer sticks the pole in the mud. B Harry Houdini performed his first magic tboo pole. When the ducks reach the paddy, the farmer sticks the pole in the mud. Staying close to the pole, the ducks feast on all of the rice-eating insects in the area. After several weeks, when the ducks have eaten most of the insects, the farmers caRice farmers in Bali, Indonesia have a unique way of controlling insects in their rice fields. Before they plant a new rice crop, they lead a group of ducks to the wet rice paddies, or fields. The ducks are led to the paddy with a flag tied to a long bam Wham-O renamed the toy Frisbee. Today, Frisbee throwing has become a competitive sport. What happened first? Morrison made a toy from a metal disk. Morrison sold his toy to Wham-O. Wham-O renamed the toy Frisbee. Morrison remade the toy with plastic. A etal. However, the disk did not travel very far because it was so heavy. So, Morrison had another disk made out of plastic and called it Morrison's Flying Saucer. The new plastic toy was a hit! In 1955, Morrison sold his toy to a company called Wham-O.r. Moore Aunt Ida the author's mother Joanie D When Fred Morrison was a young boy, he liked to toss pie tins into the air. He liked the way they spun sideways. He decided to develop a toy that was similar to these pie tins. It was a round disk made of med it. It was only Mr. Moore from down the street. I was troubled because Joanie was so late. The doorbell rang again. This time it was Aunt Ida. After about an hour, there was a knock on the back door. Joanie had finally arrived! Who arrived last? M5th wedding anniversary, and the party we had planned was in full swing. What my parents didn't know was that my oldest sister Joanie was coming home from college for the party. It was going to be a great surprise. The doorbell rang and my mother answerfor ice cream. Vanilla is also used in many recipes. This flavor starts out as a bean. It grows on vines in Mexico and other warm places. The vanilla beans are cut from the vines just before they ripen. Then they are heated and put in tightly closed places. The vanilla beans shrink and change color. Then they are packed in crates and shipped to factories. At the factories, the vanilla beans are chopped and mixed with a liquid called alcohol. This mixture is then used to flavor many desserts. Vanillhockey with the neighborhood children. Little did he know that his son would become the world's greatest hockey player. Wayne joined his first league when he was five years old. When he was only ten years old, he was followed around by the press and fann's visit. upset with Stefan for waking him. waiting up for Stefan's next call. worried about meeting Stefan in person. A When Wayne Gretzky was a young boy, his father built him an ice rink in the backyard. He thought it would be fun for his son to play Sweden. ~ His face lit up as Stefan explained that he was coming for a visit.~ He and Stefan had been writing to each other for many years. After he hung up, Ben was much too excited to go back to sleep. We can tell that Ben is looking forward to Stefauld possibly be calling at this hour? The phone continued to ring, so he put on his robe and stumbled sluggishly into the kitchen. "Hello," Ben said softly. It was a terrible connection, but he finally figured out that his penpal Stefan was calling fromwas not one of them, but Gordie was! Ted probably asked Gordie to go with him to the tryouts because Ted was ashamed. confident. disappointed. nervous. D The phone rang, and Ben rolled over slowly to look at the clock. It was three in the morning. Who cocefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ but he didn't want to go alone.~ So, he asked his friend, Gordie Windhorn, to try out with him. Gordie didn't want to go because he didn't play baseball very often. But Ted convinced him to go. Five people were asked to sign contracts that day. Ted Ted Smith thought he was a pretty good outfielder. He always dreamed of being a major-league baseball player. One day, Ted read a story in the newspaper about the New York Giants coming to his hometown to hold tryouts. ~ He was excited about the tryouts,t talking to plants helps keep them healthy. C uter, he could hear the plants "talk." What happened after he recorded the changes in the charges of the plants? He could hear the plants making noise. He hooked up the plants to a computer. The data was sent to a machine that makes sound. He found out thall plants contain tiny charges of electricity. He recorded changes in these charges with a computer. This data was sent to a machine that makes sound. The machine made different sounds depending on the changes in the plants. So, with the help of a compomeone talking to a plant? Many people believe that talking to plants helps the plants stay healthy. But most people do not know that plants can actually make sounds. An artist named John Lifton used a computer to make music from plants. He knew that aa is also used in perfume and scented soap. What happens after the beans are shipped to the factories? The beans are chopped and mixed with alcohol. The beans are allowed to ripen fully. The beans change color. The beans are heated. A Have you ever heard ss seeking autographs. In Junior Hockey, Wayne was named Rookie of the Year and Most Sportsmanlike Player in one season. ~ At 18 years of age, he became the world's highest paid hockey player.~ From this passage, we can tell that Wayne is a poor loser. likes to pick fights in hockey games. does not like to sign autographs. played professional hockey when he was 18. D Maureen stepped off the train into the busy station. She clutched a snapshot of her Uncle Henry in her right hand. Although she had never of shimmering jewelry. He finally decided to buy a lace handkerchief. ~ While Louis searched in his pocket for the money, Sarah slipped something to the salesman.~ Sarah probably gave the salesman some of her own money. a note from her grandmother. a boos not enough money for a present.~ How about if we buy the present together?" But he insisted that he wanted to buy the present with his own money. So Sarah took him to a downtown department store. When Louis peeked into the glass cases, he saw lots ake their own food. there are more types of green plants than fungus. C Louis ran down the stairs, clutching some coins in his hand. He told his sister Sarah that he had saved some money to buy his grandmother a gift. ~ "But Louis," Sarah replied, "That'es. Thousands of people starved because the crop was ruined. In 1869, yet another type of fungus destroyed the coffee crop in Ceylon. The second sentence suggests that fungus can make its own food. green plants get their food from fungus. green plants mblems throughout history. In 1872, several hundred men drowned because the bottom dropped out of a British flagship. This happened because a fungus called dry rot caused the wood to decay. In Ireland, another kind of fungus killed a whole crop of potatoerstition. a story told by American Indians. a tale that teaches a lesson. B A fungus is a type of plant. ~ But unlike a green plant, a fungus does not make its own food.~ It has to steal food from other plants. Fungus has been responsible for many prong story, the legend is not a true prediction of weather.~ According to weather experts, it is usually correct 28% of the time, and this accuracy is only due to chance. The legend of Groundhog Day seems to be a good way to predict the weather. an old supk into the burrow and sleeps for six more weeks. This is supposed to mean that there will be six more weeks of winter. However, if the groundhog does not see its shadow, it comes out of the burrow and spring will come very soon. ~ Although it is an amusi won every costume contest. used the same costume for two years. bought all of their costumes at the store. A The legend of Groundhog Day says that a groundhog pokes its head out from its burrow on February 2. If the groundhog sees its shadow, it goes bacded man. ~ They squeezed into the suit together, each of them putting two legs in one leg of the pants.~ They wore matching wigs and hats so their two-headed man would have identical heads. We can tell that Julie and Sheila do not mind sharing a costume.s in the school costume contest for three years in a row. Two years ago, they dressed as Raggedy Ann and Andy. Last year, the two girls were the front and back ends of a horse. This year, wearing Julie's father's old suit, the girls dressed as a two-heaor the summer. has never been in a train station before. is very homesick. is nervous about living with a relative she has never met. D Like many children, Julie and Sheila think that Halloween is one of the most thrilling holidays. They have been partnering down to shake hands with her. "Well, well. You sure have grown up, Maureen," Uncle Henry said. ~ Maureen attempted to smile as she followed her uncle through the station.~ This passage suggests that Maureen is overjoyed about living with her uncle fmet him before, Maureen was going to live with her uncle for the summer. A friendly looking man waved to her from behind a big crowd of tourists. Maureen looked down at the snapshot to see if the man was her Uncle Henry. When she looked up, he was reachk. a piece of candy. A Many people collect stamps as a hobby. Some of these stamps are very rare, and therefore they are worth a lot of money. Without meaning to, William Robey bought a sheet of 100 very rare stamps at the post office. When he took the stamps home, he realized they had been printed upside down. ~ He was quite excited about his discovery, because he knew he could sell the stamps to a collector.~ Robey quickly sold the sheet of stamps for $15,000 in the year 1918. Today, each of the misis puzzled expression, his mother asked, "Paul, don't you remember sleepwalking last night?" Paul laughed, thinking that his mother and father were joking. Then his mother told him how he came downstairs in his pajamas, sat on the couch, and stared at thes a wide variety of items. is made up of 2,501 things. is very small. is actually a pile of junk. A As Paul walked into the kitchen, his father said, "That was quite an adventure you had last night, son." Paul had no idea what his father meant. Seeing hheir many treasures. The boys' collection has come from things traded, purchased at flea markets, and picked up off the road. Now they share their treasures with people who visit the museum. The first sentence suggests that the boys' collection includons can be seen at the American Historical Museum in West Virginia. This museum is particularly unusual because its owners are thirteen year old Joseph Nevera and his eleven year old brother, Manuel. The boys' father built a 200-foot long shed to house t about caring for the baby rabbits. tell her about the blizzard. invite her to lunch. offer to sell her the dog. A ~ Where can you see a collection of things that includes 2,500 hubcaps and a seventeenth century stagecoach?~ These and many other attracti of new baby rabbits. He took the dog inside and told his mother about the rabbits. Together, they brought the tiny animals inside. ~ Then Charlie's mother called a friend who owned pet rabbits.~ Mrs. Jensen probably called her friend to ask for adviceblizzard hit the town, Hugo was delighted. When he played in the yard, he dug his nose deep into the snow. Charlie noticed that the dog was sniffing in a certain spot in the yard, so he went to see what the attraction was. Under the snow he saw a burrowaught by the principal. Max forgot to sign Marty's name. they noticed that the boys' outfits had changed. the boys answered to their real names. C The Jensens' dog Hugo loves to play in the snow. He enjoyed the snow all winter, and when an unusual spring ch places. They met in the restroom at ten o'clock. Then Marty went to Max's classroom and Max went to Marty's classroom. ~ Unfortunately, the boys forgot to dress alike that day.~ The boys' teachers probably knew about the trick because the boys were cy difficult to tell them apart. Marty did very well in math, but was not a good speller. Max always won all the spelling contests, but did poorly on his math tests. One day when Max had a math test and Marty had a spelling test, the boys decided to switentists interested in fossils probably consider western harvester ants annoying pests. able assistants. ignorant creatures. dangerous insects. B Marty and his brother Max often played tricks on their teachers. The boys were identical twins, so it was verts bite and sting, the scientists use a long-handled shovel to remove the top part of the anthill. Then they sift through the dirt looking for fossils. Most of them are small bones from animals that lived in North America in the time of the dinosaur. Sciour picnics. However, some ants are very useful when it comes to finding fossils. ~ The western harvester ant collects rocks and fossils to pile in its anthill. Scientists are happy to have discovered such an easy place to find fossils.~ Because the anprinted stamps is worth $5,000. For Mr. Robey, the misprinting of the stamps seems to have been a fortunate error. an annoying problem. a tragic mistake. a planned investment. A When we think of ants, we usually think of pesty little creatures that invade e dinner guests. Paul didn't remember anything, so he insisted that it wasn't true. ~ But as he walked to school that morning, he wondered if his parents were sincere.~ The last sentence of the paragraph suggests that Paul was sure that his parents weren't telling the truth. Paul's parents made up the story as a joke. Paul remembered sleepwalking last night. Paul was uncertain about the truth of the sleepwalking story. D Mr. and Mrs. Gregor were very disappointed. Their vacation had been a disaster. It flight by lifting one of its legs.~ This helps the squirrel to avoid hitting any branches in its path. This paragraph suggests that a flying squirrel uses its leg as a brake. parachute. steering wheel. pair of wings. C Danny and I stood and watched the des. This flap is like a parachute. It allows the squirrel to leap from a tree and safely glide up to 50 yards. Just before it reaches the ground, the squirrel lifts his head and tail to slow himself down. ~ The squirrel can control the direction of histo change the channel. had already heard of the Aerobie. A Have you ever seen a squirrel fly? Well, a flying squirrel doesn't really fly, but it can glide through the air. A flap of furry skin extends between the squirrel's front and back legs on both siigher than any other toy. It was a flying ring called an Aerobie. An athlete was shown throwing it more than one-fifth of a mile. The story suggests that Steve became interested in the show. left the room when he saw what was on TV. convinced his mother tubborn. ~ He just stood there for awhile, pretending not to listen.~ The show was about a man who was very interested in airplanes and how they worked. He studied about air and wind flow. Then the man decided to make a toy that could fly further and heat a big breakfast. C When Steve walked into the family room, his mother was watching one of those boring educational shows on TV. "Isn't there anything else on, Mom?" he complained. "Why don't you just give it a try?" she replied. But Steve was very sging on pots and pans. ~ If they knock on a door and find a child still sleeping, the child who was asleep must give them sweets.~ If you are in the Netherlands on Lazybones Day, it might be a good idea to sleep late. stay awake all night. wake up early. Piet was a soldier who fell asleep while the enemies marched into the Netherlands. Now the children remember him by making as much noise as possible on the morning of Lazybones Day. Early in the morning, they dash through the streets, shouting and ban might run into it. its lights will not flash. a boater might be unaware of a hidden rock. it will sink. C Children in the Netherlands celebrate Lazybones Day about seven weeks after Easter. This tradition started long ago because of a man named Piet Lak. lights on these warning buoys flash 60 times in a minute. The Coast Guard is responsible for taking care of the buoys. Buoys sometimes drift in heavy storms, so they must be returned to their proper spots. If a buoy is not in its proper place, a boater water. Red buoys mark the right side of a port entrance, and black or green buoys mark the left side. The lights on these buoys flash about 30 times in a minute. ~ Buoys are also used to warn boaters of an underwater danger such as a hidden rock.~ Thed because the boys had planned on having more time. it had rained for three days. Mrs. Gregor had wanted it painted that way. the boys were lazy. A One thing that helps a boater find his way into the harbor is a buoy. A buoy is a marker that floats in the Victorian house. Mr. Gregor gasped when he looked at the house. Half of it had been painted yellow. ~ Their sons had obviously planned to surprise them by painting the house while their parents were on vacation.~ The house was probably only half painte had rained for three days in a row, and Mrs. Gregor had been thrown from a horse. She had a fractured collarbone and the doctor advised to her to go home early and get some rest. They were relieved when they finally pulled into the driveway of their oldtrain pull away. We stayed there watching even after it had gone around the bend. We had had a great summer. I smiled as I remembered the look on Jim's face when we told him about Mr. Frank's dog. He believed every word of our story. He even believed the part about the dog swallowing a cat whole. Danny tapped me on the shoulder and said, "C'mon. We'd better go home." We both walked in silence for awhile. ~ Then Danny said, "I sure am going to miss Jim. I can't wait until next summer."~ What will p the sound waves of human speech. Then it stores the pattern of the sound in memory. Because every word has its own pattern, the computer can recognize and act on words in its vocabulary. This kind of technology still has a long way to go. It can onlyade the aluminum yo-yo. C Wouldn't it be nice if a computer could understand and obey your verbal command? You could say, "Turn off the lights!" and it would grant your wish. Computers that recognize speech do exist. A microphone on the computer picks upace Experiment. Even in zero gravity, the yo-yo can be used to do many astonishing tricks. This passage is mainly about why the yo-yo was such a popular toy. how the yo-yo performed in the Toys in Space Experiment. the Silver Bullet yo-yo. how Tom Kuhn momes complete with spare string and axles, a leather carrying case, and instructions. If the string gets knotted or the axle wears out, the yo-yo can be taken apart and fixed. Kuhn's yo-yo was taken on the Discovery shuttle to be used in NASA's Toys in Sr the United States. B In the 1950's, the yo-yo was a very popular toy for children. Although Tom Kuhn is now 43 years old, he still plays with yo-yo's. In fact, Kuhn has made a yo-yo called the Silver Bullet. It is made from top quality aluminum, and cewspapers began using a cartoon figure of Uncle Sam as a symbol for the United States. This passage is mainly about Sam Wilson's meat packing business. how Uncle Sam became a symbol for the United States. supplying meat to the U.S. army. cartoon symbols fog plant, he asked a worker what the "U.S." stamp meant. The worker wasn't sure, so he answered, "Uncle Sam." The man from the government discovered the real meaning of the stamp and told his friends who worked at the newspaper about the blunder. Soon, n C Sam Wilson once owned a meat packing business. His friends called him Uncle Sam. He supplied meat to the U.S. Army. The packages of meat sent to the army were stamped "U.S." for United States. When a man from the government visited the meat packinse cells helps the bloodhound to locate missing persons. This passage mainly tells us that bloodhounds cannot track down criminals. people shed fifty million cells each day. a bloodhound's keen sense of smell helps locate people. bloodhounds are good pets.that belongs to the missing person. Then they try to detect a trail of that scent. How can a bloodhound pick up a scent from a piece of clothing? Well, people shed about fifty million cells a day. These cells can be found on clothing. The scent of theThe bloodhound is a dog that is raised to recognize people by how they smell. Over the years, bloodhounds have rescued many missing children and adults. These dogs have also tracked down many criminals. The bloodhounds usually smell a piece of clothing probably happen next summer? Jim will come back for a visit. Mr. Frank's dog will swallow a cat. Danny will watch the trains go by every day. Jim will go far away on a train. A accept commands from one speaker, because every person has a different speech pattern. This passage tells mostly about a computer that can talk. the words that exist in a computer's vocabulary. a computer that recognizes speech. how a computer's microphone picks up sound waves of speech. C It is early in the morning in western Iowa, and a large group of cyclists are seen dipping their tires into the Sioux River. These cyclists perform this tradition before they begin a seven day journey across the state. torical influence of the Adams family. Samuel Adams' work on the Boston Tea Party. John Quincy Adams' work as a diplomat. Charles Adams' presidential campaign. A We all know that most fish cannot survive out of water. There are, however, some fish that ard several political offices in his lifetime. He was a diplomat, senator, member of the House of Representatives, and President of the United States. John Quincy Adams' son Charles was a presidential candidate in 1848. This passage is mostly about the his Adams was one of the organizers of the Boston Tea Party. He also signed the Declaration of Independence. Samuel's cousin John Adams was the first Vice-President and the second President of the United States. John and Abigail's son John Quincy Adams heltells how deep a diver can dive in the Wasp. why oil companies use the Wasp. how a new diving suit has helped scientists study sea animals. why sea animals are frightened by submarines. C The Adams family influenced American history for many years. Samuelvented diving suit called the Wasp has helped scientists study deep sea animals. It was originally developed for oil companies. The company divers used it to check the deep drilling rigs. In the Wasp, a diver can descend 2,000 feet. This story mainly s always been quite a challenge. Divers cannot go deep enough in ordinary scuba diving equipment. Scientists sometimes use submarines to take them deep into the ocean. But many sea animals are frightened away by the noise of a submarine. A recently inhe painted a few bands of violet on the sky. This paragraph is mainly about a man painting an outdoor scene at sunset. the beautiful sunsets in Colorado. the way leaves reflect a sunset. the difficulty of painting a sunset. A Studying deep sea animals had that its leaves reflected some of the sky's brilliant colors. Using the tip of his brush, he added these colors to a few of the leaves. The man looked up again and noticed streaks of violet between the clouds. Trying to imitate the wonders of nature, the sun sank behind the Colorado mountain peak. He picked up the brush again and added pink and orange to the sky. An afternoon sky had become a beautiful sunset with a few strokes of his paintbrush. When he looked at the tree in the distance, he noticellection of gowns belonging to the nation's First Ladies, and many more items of historical importance. This paragraph is mainly about James Smithson. the Spirit of St. Louis. the Smithsonian Institution. the "Star-Spangled Banner." C The man watched as he world. The National Museum of American History and the National Air and Space Museum are just two of its many buildings. Visitors to the institution can see the original "Star-Spangled Banner," Charles Lindbergh's plane - the Spirit of St. Louis, a coe help the cyclists. C The Smithsonian Institution is a group of museums, art galleries, and research facilities. It was established in 1846 with money bequeathed by James Smithson. This Washington, D.C. attraction has one of the largest collections in tlong the way, the residents of these towns offer food, lodging, and encouragement to the exhausted travelers. This passage mainly tells about how RAGBRAI got started. why cyclists dip their tires in the river. a bicycle ride across Iowa. how the townspeopl Each year since 1973, hundreds of cyclists have come from all over the world to participate in RAGBRAI--the Register's Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa. Trucks carrying supplies follow the cyclists through the corn fields and small towns of Iowa. Ae very successful landlubbers. The African lungfish buries itself in the mud of dried up rivers and streams. Even after the mud turns to hard rock, it can endure there for more than a year. In India, the climbing perch moves about on land while carrying its water supply in its head. A mudskipper is a fish that can not only survive on land, but can climb trees. Using its front fins as feet, the mudskipper climbs trees in search of insects to eat. This passage is mainly about the African lungfish's methoe a problem over the years because the forests of Mexico have been cleared by farmers and loggers. Recently, the Mexican government set aside 11,000 acres where trees cannot be cleared. Many people thought that the law would hurt the farmers and loggers. eads. A Monarch butterflies have been flying south for the winter for thousands of years. Millions of these beautiful creatures migrate from Canada to Mexico when the weather gets cold. The butterflies must flock to an area full of trees. This has becoming money. Machines will not be able to copy the small print on the threads of the new money. This passage mainly tells about the new money that will soon be printed. United States Treasury. people who copy money illegally. tiny letters printed on the thrwill be printed on this thread. The words USA ONE will be printed on the threads of all one dollar bills. The print can only be seen through a very strong magnifying glass. These threads and tiny letters are being used to stop people from illegally copyel. how guests can "dive" in a glass elevator. B The United States Treasury will soon be printing a new kind of dollar bill. If you look at it closely, you will be able to see a thin thread running through the left side of the bill. Very small letters nd a marine laboratory. For those who want to observe the underwater life without getting wet, a glass elevator will take them to the seafloor. This passage tells mainly about life in the Great Barrier Reef. a new floating hotel. the designer of the Coasty in a nearby floating hotel. The Coastel is a seven-story hotel designed by Sten Sjostard. He got the idea for the unusual design from the floating dormitories that house offshore oil workers. It will have 174 guest rooms, restaurants, stores, a gym, ampete in the Olympics. how Olympic athletes were honored in ancient Greece. A About 50 miles off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is the Great Barrier Reef. This natural wonder has always attracted tourists and divers. Soon, people will be able to staetes were crowned with olive wreaths. After Rome conquered Greece, the Olympic games were no longer a religious event. This passage mainly tells what the Olympics were like in ancient Greece. how the Greeks worshipped Zeus. why women weren't allowed to coore, only Greek citizens who could prove that they worshipped Zeus could participate in the games. No women were allowed to compete in the events. In fact, women were forbidden to be anywhere near the stadium where the games took place. The winning athlory. Clyde Tombaugh's discovery of Pluto. drawings of Mars and Jupiter. C The Olympic games started in ancient Greece, but they were very different from those of today. The games were a religious event. They were dedicated to the Greek god, Zeus. Therefits discovery. On February 18, 1930, Clyde discovered "Planet X" and named it Pluto. Pluto is the farthest planet from the sun, and it is smaller than the Earth's moon. This passage is mainly about Clyde Tombaugh's homemade telescope. the Lowell Observat he made of those two planets to the experts at Lowell Observatory. They were so impressed by his drawings that they offered him a job. His job was trying to find "Planet X." Percival Lowell had predicted the existence of "Planet X," but he died before d of survival on land. fish that can climb trees. fish that swim in India's waters. fish that can live on land. D When Clyde Tombaugh was a young man, he built himself a telescope. He used the telescope to study Mars and Jupiter. Clyde sent some drawings But money is made from the many tourists who come to see the butterflies. This passage is mainly about why the butterflies migrate to Mexico. how the Mexican government has helped the butterflies. the tourists who come to see the butterflies. the habits of the Monarch butterfly. B Because Dobermans are often used as guard dogs and police dogs, they have a reputation for being ferocious killers. Fred and Rosalie Simpson are dedicated to improving the Dobermans' reputation. They are the leaders of the Dobe. Volcanologists keep a close watch on any changes in the escaping gases and on the temperature of the ground. Which sentence tells the most about this passage? Volcanologists observe the gases that escape from volcanoes. Rising ground temperature is a was were able to foretell the eruption so the residents could evacuate the area. Any changes in the gases escaping from the volcano are signs of a possible eruption. Another sign of possible eruption is the rising temperature of the ground near the volcano disposable phone. Phones are difficult to clean. A A volcanologist is a person who studies volcanoes. One of the most important jobs of the volcanologist is to watch for the signs of possible eruption. In 1980, when Mt. St. Helens erupted, volcanologistars. The patient can then throw the phone away or take it home. Which sentence tells the most about this passage? Disposable phones help stop the spread of infection in hospitals. Phones are good breeding grounds for infection. A patient can take home hisicult to clean, and are therefore good breeding grounds for infection. Recently, some hospitals have solved this problem by using only disposable phones. When the patient enters the hospital, he has the option to buy a disposable phone for about ten dolleggs. A Hospital patients are exposed to many different kinds of contagious diseases. Hospitals work hard to fight the spread of infection. One of the biggest problems has been bacteria that collects on the phones in the patients' rooms. Phones are diffteen-inch long egg from the extinct elephant bird of Madagascar. This passage is mainly about the birds' eggs collection at a nonprofit museum. Ed Harrison's interest in birds' eggs. what we learn from eggs of extinct birds. how to find interesting birds' eggs. The eggs have been collected over many years. Some have been gathered from other museums that were no longer interested in the eggs. The fragments of the eggshells have been used to solve many conservation problems. The collection includes a fouractice landing in flight simulators. C Ed Harrison is very interested in birds' eggs. He is so interested that he founded a nonprofit museum that specializes in birds' eggs. The Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology has a collection of 800,000 birds' t as if it were real. Which sentence tells the most about this passage? Today's flight simulators are unrealistic. In a flight simulator, pilots can hear the sound of the engines. Flight simulators help pilots learn to cope with emergencies. Pilots must prhe bumps of the runway. Today, flight simulators are so realistic that the pilot can see exactly what he would see if he were landing at a real airport. Without putting any lives in danger, a pilot can face an in-flight emergency and learn to deal with ilators are machines that help pilots learn how to react in emergency situations. An exact duplicate of the cockpit is mounted on mechanical legs. When the pilot sits in the simulator, he sees the control panel, hears the sound of the engines, and feels tteen years, the drill team has performed in the Fourth of July parade in Redwood City, California. This passage is mainly about the bad reputation of Dobermans. the Doberman Drill Team. Fred and Rosalie Simpson. the costumes worn by the team. B Flight simurman Drill Team. Sixteen dogs and twenty-two people perform precision marching patterns. The dogs demonstrate their skills by running through an obstacle course. All members of the team wear costumes that reflect the theme of the performance. For sevenrning sign for volcanologists. Volcanologists watch for the warning signs of eruption. When Mt. St. Helens erupted, nearby residents were evacuated. C Thomas Alva Edison is famous for his many inventions. These inventions, which include the phonograph and the electric light, made life easier and more enjoyable for many people. One of his first inventions made his own life easier. ~ In fact, it allowedintings tell the story of six decades of history. Rockwell's career as an illustrator began in 1913, when he was asked to draw pictures to accompany stories in a Boy Scout magazine. By the 1970's, his subject matter had evolved to drawing men on the moonact, the elephants may have made these caves by chipping away at the rocks in search of salt. The elephants go into the caves when it rains. because they need salt. to hide from their enemies. to sleep. B Norman Rockwell is an American artist whose pa caves are confined, so the elephants must walk in single file. They use their trunks to help them find their way in the dark. Using their tusks, the elephants knock rocks from the cave walls. ~ They chew on these rocks to get the salt they need.~ In f. script. section. D Animals need salt to stay alive. They usually get this salt from the foods they eat. But, the elephants that live on Mount Elgon in Africa must search for their salt. When it gets dark, these elephants go into the nearby caves. The native asks you to rattle your dags, he wants you to hurry up. In New Zealand, a globe refers to a light bulb, and a script is a prescription. Party clothes should be worn if you are asked to wear glad rags. In New Zealand, a yard is called a globe. lot the United States. ~ For example, if a neighbor in New Zealand tells you your section looks nice, he is referring to your yard.~ Don't be alarmed if you are offered fruit fingers as a snack. These are simply what we call fig newtons. If a New Zealands for "glass" and "fur" were mixed up. The writer decided Cinderella should wear fur boots with her gown. The story became much longer. B Although people living in New Zealand speak English, many of their common expressions are different from those used inranslated from one language to another. It is interesting to imagine Cinderella wearing fur boots with her ball gown! What happened when the story was translated from French to English? Cinderella's glass slipper was changed to a fur boot. The French wordy short boots made of squirrel fur. ~ The French words for glass (verre) and squirrel fur (vair) look very much the same.~ So, the mistake was probably made when the story was translated from French to English. Mistakes are often made when stories are tit for a lot of money. C Almost everyone knows the fairy tale of Cinderella and her glass slipper. The first version of this famous story was written in French. In the French version, Cinderella did not wear glass slippers. Cinderella's shoes were reallhis meant that Thomas could sleep and do his job at the same time. How did Thomas Edison's gadget make his own life easier? He was able to work on other inventions. He only had to check the wires once every two hours. He was able to get some rest. He sold him to sleep on the job.~ When he was a young man, he worked in a telegraph station. He was supposed to check the wires once every hour of the night by sending a signal to another station. Instead, he invented a gadget that sent the signal for him. T for a national magazine. ~ Although he is best known for his humorous depiction of everyday life,~ Rockwell also painted many serious historical portraits. These included his views of Abraham Lincoln giving the Gettysburg Address, and Betsy Ross sewing the American flag. Norman Rockwell is most famous for his painting of Abraham Lincoln. magazine cover of man on the moon. painting of Betsy Ross sewing the flag. humorous pictures of daily life. D Have you ever wondered how a knight in shining armor got inscary movie caused Terry to be even more scared by the storm. have nightmares. lock herself in the bathroom. refuse to go down to the basement. A ~ In the 1920's the Japanese developed sanpuru, or plastic food.~ Today, the manufacturing of plastic food rry shook with fright. Should she investigate the noise or run upstairs and lock herself in the bathroom? She decided to be courageous. Terry was relieved to discover that the noise had been caused by the wind blowing the basement door open. Watching a roof. Terry shivered as she watched a fork of lightning flash across the sky. She wished she hadn't watched that scary movie. ~ Why is it that there is always a thunderstorm after a scary movie?~ Just then she heard a bang coming from the basement. Tetage problems.~ Icebergs are made up of frozen salt water. only found in the North Pole. possible solutions to a city's water shortage. much larger above the water's surface than below it. C The wind howled and the rain pounded steadily on the shingled t of an iceberg. The part under the water is about eight times larger than the part we see. Because icebergs come from glaciers, they are free of salt. ~ So, some scientists believe that icebergs could be towed to port cities and used to solve water shorare large chunks of ice that float in the waters near the North and South poles. They break off from glaciers and drift to warmer water where they eventually melt. Many icebergs weigh millions of tons and are many miles wide. We can only see a small pars over the ocean, and sometimes moves to the land. Since 1953, the United States Weather Service has used first names like Bonnie and Charley to identify hurricanes. The center of a hurricane is called Bonnie. the doughnut. the eye. the storm. C Icebergs that is shaped like a doughnut. Like a doughnut,~ a hurricane has a hole in the middle. This hole is called the eye, and the air in the eye is perfectly calm.~ Around the eye, the hurricane is a huge spinning circle of rain and wind. A hurricane begint is about 900 million miles away from the sun. It can be seen without a telescope. A If you have ever heard a weatherman talking about the devastation caused by Bonnie or Charley, he was probably talking about a hurricane. A hurricane is a violent storm on miles away from the sun. ~ Although it is the second largest planet, Saturn is very light in weight.~ Which of these statements about Saturn is false? It is the sixth largest planet. Scientists believe its rings are made up of pieces of rock and ice. Inet are made up of small pieces of rock and ice. According to some scientists, these pieces of rock and ice are the remains of a moon. The flights of Voyager I and II revealed that Saturn has at least 22 moons beyond its rings. Saturn is about 900 millinight's back and chest was called the leaflet. sabaton. armor. cuirass. D Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and the farthest planet from earth that can be seen with the naked eye. It is best known for its flat rings. The rings that surround the plaed his chest and back was called the cuirass.~ When a knight attended an important event, he dressed in his best suit of armor. This fancy costume was tooled with designs like mini monsters, flowers, leaflets, and swirls. The piece that covered the kto his decorative suit? Well, it probably took him quite a while to get dressed in the morning. Some of the most elaborate suits of armor were made up of 20 pieces. A knight's feet were covered with steel shoes called sabatons. ~ The piece that protectis a big business in Japan. The plastic food is often displayed in restaurants to help customers make their selections. It is also used on television commercials. The food looks genuine, but will not spoil or melt under the hot lights. Plastic food of all kinds is made by the Iwasaki Company, Ltd. in Tokyo. The plastic is molded into the shape of a food and then carefully painted. Sanpuru can be very expensive, but it lasts forever. Which word does not correctly describe sanpuru? expensive lasting man than its actual height. During the gold rush of 1859, Pikes Peak was the marker that helped many prospectors find their way westward. In 1891, the Manitou & Pikes Peak Railway was finished. This made it easier for travelers to get to the peak. Lieutenbulon M. Pike. ~ He was sent to define the southwest boundary of the Louisiana Purchase.~ When he reached the present site of Pueblo, Colorado, he saw the great summit in the distance. Because it rises up from the flatlands, it appears to be even tallerefs are found mostly in the South Pacific. The Great Barrier Reef, which is made of coral, is 1,260 miles wide! Coral is often used to make skeletons. rocks. jewelry. soup. C Pikes Peak is the top of a 14,110 foot mountain. It was named for Lieutenant Ze is a tiny sea animal that attaches itself to a rock. When the polyp dies, new polyps live in its skeleton while they create their own skeletons. Layers and layers of coral are built up. As time passes, reefs and islands are formed from coral. These reooses will probably be used for many years to come. D Would you want to wear a skeleton around your neck, hanging from your ears, or around your wrist? ~ Coral, which is often used to make jewelry, is really the skeleton of a sea animal.~ The coral polyps will probably be seen in museums than on the ends of freight trains. Which of these statements about cabooses is false? A caboose was a conductor's second home. A caboose is the last car on a freight train. Some cabooses were decorated by conductors. Cabves, and tables in them. Some conductors even decorated their cabooses with curtains and carpeting. ~ Now that computers have taken over many of the duties of the train conductor, some people feel that cabooses are obsolete.~ In the future, more caboosed in oil field work. They are used by the military. C The last car on a freight train is called a caboose. The caboose was once a very important part of the train. The caboose was a second home to the train conductor. Many cabooses had desks, bunks, stoplastic viewing dome allows the passengers to get a close up glimpse of all kinds of colorful fish and plant life. Which of these statements about the touring submarines is true? They have glass bottoms. They can go only 100 feet deep. They were once userience the wonder of underwater life. ~ Research Submersibles Ltd. has converted submarines formerly used in oil field work to touring boats.~ Visitors to the Grand Cayman Islands can go down 1,000 feet deep into the ocean in these submarines. A special river. A system of bridges connects the houses. C The waters of the Caribbean are known for being beautifully clear and full of life. Many people enjoy observing this life by scuba diving or touring in glass bottom boats. Now there is another way to expennects the houses, or ride in boats on the village's main waterway thoroughfares. Which statement about life in Kampong Ayer is false? Crime is not a big problem in the community. The houses are built on stilts. Pollution keeps people from swimming in the n stilts above the river. The residents find it a pleasant place to live because the evaporation of the water keeps them cool. The community has very few problems with crime, or drug and alcohol abuse. People either travel on a system of bridges that co-made natural D ~ Children who live in Kampong Ayer, a small village in Asia, can swim in their own backyards.~ These children do not have swimming pools. ~ Their back and front yards consist of the Brunei River.~ Kampong Ayer is a community built oant Pike went to Colorado to look for gold. build the Manitou & Pikes Peak Railway. define the boundary of the Louisiana Purchase. climb Pikes Peak. C Long ago, before refrigerators had been invented, keeping food fresh was a challenging problem. In 1795, Napoleon offered a prize to anyone who could find an improved method of food preservation. In 1809, Peter Durand invented the tin canister. The first cannery was established two years later in England. ~ Before the invention of the can opener, customerss. With its extensive facilities, the mall can truly be said to offer something for everyone. If you visit the mall, you can watch a dolphin show and take a ride in a submarine. Then you can eat in one of the 100 specialty restaurants, or go shopping inWhere can you find shops, restaurants, a hotel, a skating rink, a petting zoo, an amusement park, and a water slide, all under one roof? They are in Canada, at the West Edmonton Mall. This mall, the largest in the world, is the size of 108 football fieldeasier to work with. The real bones are too large. He wants to give the real bones to a museum. A s. Dr. Jensen plans to put together a skeleton of the Ultrasaurus using these bones and some artificial ones.~ Why would Dr. Jensen use artificial bones to create the skeleton? He needs to substitute them for the missing bones. The artificial bones are of the dinosaur he is putting together. He found bones from what he believes was once one of the largest dinosaurs. The shoulder blade and the leg bone are each nine feet long. ~ The bones he has found will help him to estimate the size of the other bonenside with a candle. a flavorful stew. a sacred Indian dance. a traditional feast in Santa Fe. B What kind of animal would stand as tall as a six-story building? According to Dr. James Jensen, an "Ultrasaurus" would be that tall. Ultrasaurus is the name Santa Fe is made up of many spicy dishes. ~ Enchiladas, tamales, and posole, a flavorful stew, are some of the favorites at Christmastime.~ The Indians of Santa Fe also include sacred dances in their Christmas celebrations. Posole is a bag lit from the iwalkways are lit with farolitos. These are small brown bags filled with sand and lit from the inside with a candle. Throughout the holiday season, farolitos are used to decorate the city. Every holiday has its traditional feast, and Christmas dinner in und, they are gray and dull.~ After they are cut and polished, they are clear and shiny. Which word does not describe an uncut diamond? gray sparkling hard dull B Christmas in Santa Fe, New Mexico, is known for its charming traditions. The buildings and me from the earth, most of them are used to make cutting tools. A diamond can only be cut with a tool made from another diamond. If you are ever searching for diamonds, you should not look for brightly sparkling stones. ~ When they are taken from the groand chisel. with can openers. to find prizes inside. B Diamonds have always been symbols of wealth and power. They have also been called "a girl's best friend." However, most diamonds do not become jewels. Because diamonds are the hardest things that co were instructed to use a hammer and a chisel to open the cans.~ Today, foods are still preserved in cans. The food is heated to kill any bacteria, then cooled and sealed in airtight cans. Long ago, people opened tin cans by heating them. with a hammer one of the mall's 800 boutiques. If you like the beach, you can relax on the sand and even get a tan in the artificial sunlight. What is the first activity mentioned? eating getting a tan shopping in boutiques watching a dolphin show D Our final projecalled Pok-ta-Pok which had a ring through which a round object was passed. Six centuries later in Mexico, the game was called Ollamalitzli, and the stakes were high. A player tried to put a solid rubber ball through a stone ring high on the stadium wall.t a museum C The first basketball contest in the U. S. was in 1892. Modern basketball was devised by Dr. James A. Naismith, a Canadian who was working in Massachusetts. There were earlier versions of the game. In 10th century Mexico, there was a game c arrived. His job was to find new and interesting things to be displayed at the museum. That job sounded fascinating to me too. Who was the first one to speak to the class? Dr. Porter the author Miss Dolan, an aerospace engineer Mr. Shelby, who worked a sure that I wanted to be an aerospace engineer. Then Dr. Porter discussed his career in medicine. I was very impressed by his commitment to help those who could not pay for their medical care. I was certain I wanted to become a doctor. Then Mr. Shelbydriving test 40 times. B Yesterday some special speakers came to our classroom. Miss Dolan talked about her job as an aerospace engineer. I was completely fascinated as she explained the many factors that can affect the performance of an aircraft. I wasld. By then she had spent so much money on driving lessons that she could no longer afford to buy a car! What happened after the woman's 62nd birthday? She bought a car. She passed her driving test. She took driving lessons for eight years. She took the meters and then backward for six meters. In most places, however, it is much more challenging to pass the test. One woman in Yorkshire, England, failed the driving test 39 times in eight years. She finally passed on her 40th try, when she was 62 years oled trying to cross the road. D Most young people look forward to getting a driver's license. The requirements for this license vary from place to place. The easiest test for a driver's license is in Egypt, where you merely have to drive forward for six hat the toads will soon discover the location of the new tunnel. What happened before the crossing guards went on duty? The toad tunnel was opened. The toads were afraid to cross the road. The toads lived all year in the breeding ponds. Many toads were kilpast, many toads were killed as they tried to cross the roads. Now the crossing guards stand ready to help them cross safely. The latest scheme, though, is a special tunnel which has been built under the Henley roadway in southern England. It is hoped t0 people in England have an unusual nighttime task. They have volunteered to be crossing guards for toads during the spring mating season. The toads must cross some heavily traveled roads to get from their dry winter homes to the breeding ponds. In the nged them to show a residential neighborhood. What happened first? The students painted the bottle caps red. The students made roads with black tape. The students arranged the bottle caps into a neighborhood. The students painted the board white. D Some 25d to use as a base. We were only allowed to use materials we could find around the house. First, we painted the board white. Then we made the roads with some black electrical tape. After the roads were in place, we painted some bottle caps red and arrat for social studies was to build a model city. It had to be built to a certain scale and have coded colors. This meant that a residential building had to be red, a commercial building blue, and so on. My father gave my partner and me a rectangular boar If he succeeded, he got to keep the clothing of all the spectators. The captain of the losing team often had his head cut off! Which happened first? Dr. James A. Naismith moved from Canada to the U. S. Pok-ta-Pok was played in Mexico. Ollamalitzli was played in Mexico. The first U.S. basketball game was played. B Ray Kroc was curious. A little hamburger joint in San Bernardino, California had bought eight milkshake machines from him. So, he went to see the thriving restaurant for himself. He was surp At first, Bill sat on the steps and sulked. Then, as he observed the young children playing, he offered them advice about throwing and catching. Bill remembered how much he liked to play ball when he was younger, so he organized a game of dodgeball. Thn with his right arm. He hoped that his teacher would notice his displeasure and offer him an alternative assignment. But she just ignored him. Bill had broken his arm in a tackle football game. Now he had to supervise the first graders during recess. sold to zoos. What takes place first? The elephants are sold to zoos. The elephants wander into the field. The baby elephants are taken to Pinnewala. The baby elephants are left behind by their parents. B Bill stomped down the steps and pushed the door ope are easily scared away, but the baby elephants are often left behind. These baby elephants are taken to Pinnewala, an orphanage for elephants. They are fed milk from rubber hoses attached to bottles. When they are old enough, some of the elephants are lly had problems with insects, birds, and other animals destroying their crops. In Sri Lanka, a country close to India, farmers have a problem with elephants eating their crops. The elephants come to the fields during the dry season. The adult elephantsre, it is the size of a football field! What happened first? The full size St. Jan's Cathedral was built. The city of Madurodam was finished. The model of St. Jan's Cathedral was built. George Maduro's parents planned the project. A Farmers have perpetua model took over five years to build. The miniature city was named after George Maduro, who was a World War II hero. His parents had the idea for the project. Madurodam was completed in 1952. It is the biggest little city in the world. Even in miniatuture city is filled with wooden buildings of all kinds, from all periods in Dutch history. One of the showpieces is a model of the famous St. Jan's Cathedral. The original St. Jan's was built between 1330 and 1550, taking over 200 years to complete. Theother's practical jokes. Barbara saw her brother tiptoe down the hall. Barbara looked up from her book. Barbara saw her brother setting up a tape recorder in her room. C If you want to feel like a giant, go to visit the Dutch city of Madurodam. This miniarop on her phone conversations. Barbara smiled as she thought of a way to discourage her brother's practical jokes in the future. She would really give him something interesting to hear. What happened first? Barbara thought of a plan to discourage her brbrother tiptoe down the hall. Barbara became wary. Her brother was known for his practical jokes. She got up quietly to investigate. When she peeked into her room, her brother was setting up a tape recorder under her desk. He probably wanted to eavesdoc began opening McDonald's restaurants in America. McDonald's restaurants were opened in foreign countries. Ray Kroc started selling milkshake machines. B Barbara was curled up in the chair reading a mystery novel. She looked up for a moment and saw her ther parts of the country. Today there are about 7,000 McDonald's in the United States and 29 other countries. What happened right after Ray Kroc visited the McDonald's in San Bernardino? The McDonald's in San Bernardino ordered milkshake machines. Ray Krrised to see people standing in line to buy fifteen-cent hamburgers. Kroc had discovered the original McDonald's! He believed that this type of restaurant could be very successful. He convinced the owners to allow him to open McDonald's restaurants in oe next day at recess, he taught them how to play kickball. Right after Bill was asked to supervise the first graders, he played dodgeball with them. taught the children how to play kickball. broke his arm. sat on the steps, feeling sorry for himself. D The Golden Gate Bridge, which spans California's San Francisco Bay, is one of the most photographed structures in the world. Its graceful, elegant beauty is also functional. It carries an average of 60,000 vehicles a day. One summer day in 1986, a record 1 and mining was resumed. This time the town was not renamed! Which metal was responsible for the third life of the mining town? lead gold silver molybdenum D Making a glass container involves many steps. First, the materials needed to make glass are combnd lead were located in the area. The town was reborn as "Leadville," and swelled to 35,000 inhabitants. Millions of dollars worth of silver and lead were extracted from the mines before the town died again. About 1900, molybdenum was found in the area, three lives. Gold was discovered in Colorado in 1860, and the town which sprang up nearby was called Oro City. Greedy miners crowded in, making Oro City the largest settlement in the Colorado Territory--until the gold ran out. Ten years later, silver a last wife, Catherine Parr, was Henry's only widow. What happened after Jane Seymour died? Henry married Anne of Cleves. Henry's only male heir was born. Henry married Anne Boleyn. Henry married Catherine Parr. A Leadville, Colorado is a town which has hadnry's request. His third wife, Jane Seymour, died after giving birth to Henry's only male heir, Edward VI. Then Henry married and divorced Anne of Cleves. Next he married Catherine Howard. But, he had her beheaded fairly soon after their marriage. HisII of England made many decisions that drastically affected history. But he is undoubtedly best known for having six wives. His first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, was annulled after twenty years. Then he married Anne Boleyn. She was executed at Hed was heading for the airport. What happened immediately after the suspect left the building? The detective questioned the desk clerk. The detective ran down the stairs. The suspect got into the elevator. The suspect arrived at the airport. A King Henry VIThe elevator had already arrived. The detective quickly scanned the lobby and spotted the suspect talking to the desk clerk. After the suspect left the building, the detective questioned the desk clerk. He discovered that the tall man had checked out anched the suspect step into the elevator. After the elevator doors closed, the detective observed the numbers to determine which floor the elevator was bound for. Then he rushed down the stairs to meet the elevator at the ground floor. He was too late. ese, dye, soap and cosmetics were just some of the products that could be made from the peanut plant. What crop were the farmers planting before they took Carver's advice? peanuts cotton corn sweet potatoes B The detective peered around the corner. He wat in addition to cotton, they planted peanuts and sweet potatoes. However, there wasn't a great demand for peanuts and sweet potatoes. Carver solved this problem by finding over 300 uses for the peanut plant and over 100 uses for sweet potatoes. Ink, che antique cars. In one day, 129,746 vehicles crossed the bridge. A George Washington Carver helped farmers to keep their soil rich and fertile by advising them to rotate their crops. This meant that they should plant a different kind of crop each year. Soidge was opened for foot traffic, so that people could stroll across the famous landmark. What happened right after the bridge was opened to the public? People pushed peanuts across the bridge. The anniversary celebration was planned. There was a parade of29,746 vehicles crossed it. The Golden Gate Bridge was first opened to traffic in May of 1937. Some people pushed peanuts across the bridge to mark the opening. During the 50th anniversary celebration in 1987, there was a parade of antique cars. The brined in a large vat. Several materials are used, but the three key ingredients are sand, soda, and limestone. This mixture is then heated in a furnace until it liquifies. After the glass cools, it is shaped into the desired container. Blowing the glass is one method of shaping it. A glass-blower rolls the melted glass into a ball and attaches it to the end of a blow-pipe. Then he blows into the pipe as if he were blowing a bubble. He shapes the glass as he blows, and then uses special tools to compleo see how they would do if their time was limited. Ten minutes had passed and Polly's paper was blank. Her teacher had stressed that something ordinary could be interesting. Polly decided to write about her first day of kindergarten. As she remembered ~ Polly was frantic.~ Her English teacher had given her class an essay assignment. She usually did well on papers, but this one had to be written during class time. The class had been working on writing from personal experience, so the teacher wanted tleaner fish. The tiger grouper feeds on the smaller fish. B enough of the cleaning, it shakes vigorously. What happens right after the tiger grouper strikes a strange pose? The tiger grouper shakes vigorously. The cleaner fish remove fungus from the large fish's body. The tiger grouper goes where it can find the cbe cleaned by striking strange poses. Then the cleaner fish carefully remove fungus and plant growth from the body of the large fish. The smaller fish are willing to do this because they eat all the material that they remove. When the large fish has hadch as a tiger grouper usually feeds on small fish and shrimp. But when it needs a good cleaning, it depends on the same small sea animals. The tiger grouper goes to where it can find the brightly colored "cleaner fish." It lets them know it is there to en the melted soap is ready to be made into bars or cakes. What happens before the fats are saponified? The fats are boiled with alkalies. Perfumes and colors are added. The soap is churned. The soap is made into bars and cakes. A A large predatory fish suese ingredients is repeated five or six times. When the fats are saponified, or made into soap, the liquid is poured into another machine where it churns and thickens. As it churns, other ingredients like perfumes and colors are added to the mixture. Thyou were to guess what ingredients go into the making of a bar of clean, sweet-smelling soap, you probably would not guess animal tallows or greases and oils. In reality however, soap is made by boiling these fats with alkalies. The process of boiling thoard another train going back to the right station. What happened just before Albert was helped by the woman? He realized that he didn't recognize his surroundings. He boarded another train. The train came to a sudden stop. He looked for a conductor. D If ading a magazine. The woman noticed Albert's puzzled expression. "What's the matter, boy? Did you get on the wrong train?" she asked. Albert told the woman where he wanted to go. She explained that he had just missed his stop, and that he could soon bto an abrupt stop. He gazed out the window. The row houses seemed close enough to touch. When the train started up again, Albert realized that none of the buildings were familiar. He looked for a conductor, but the only person in the car was a woman rete the detail work. What happens first? The glass-blower blows into a pipe. The mixture is put into a furnace. The melted glass is allowed to cool. The glass-blower finishes his work with special tools. B Albert looked up from his book when the train came her feelings of fear and excitement that day, ideas began to flow. Before she thought of an idea, Polly probably felt confident. frustrated. prepared. relieved. B The 1985 movie Amadeus was based on the life of the famous Austrian composer, Wolfgang Amadeuot of time studying, but that essay exams weren't his strong point.~ Ellen was confident about the test, so she decided to give the clover to John. Ellen probably hoped that the clover would help John feel smarter. insecure. self-assured. safe. C Many peeave, she spotted a four-leaf clover in the grass. Maybe it would bring her good luck on the exam! The next morning, Ellen saw John, a friend from her history class, walking slowly toward the classroom. ~ He looked very worried. He said he had spent a lunavoidable. is the worst in the history of ocean liners. B Ellen let out a deep sigh as she closed her book. She had been studying for three hours. Her big history exam was the next day, and the park had been a serene place to study. As she got up to l 700 were saved. ~ The Titanic struck an iceberg after ignoring several warnings about a field of ice that blocked the ship's path.~ The last sentence suggests that the Titanic disaster was predicted by the press. might have been avoided. was completely dined in its luxurious restaurants and French sidewalk cafes. It was called glorious and unsinkable. It was the Titanic. On April 14, 1912, this glorious and unsinkable ocean liner sank to the bottom of the Atlantic. Of the 2,200 passengers, only aboutre sometimes given amusing names. all spiders are harmful. C It was as long as four city blocks and as tall as an eleven-story building. Many of its wealthy passengers enjoyed using the Turkish bath, swimming pool, squash court, and gymnasium. They also ugh; it is hard to be afraid of an insect named a squashbug, a squint-eye spider, or a confused flower beetle! We can assume from reading the passage that you could be killed by an assassin bug. insects should be called by their scientific names. insects aturesque names indeed.~ For instance, there is the colorful greenbottle fly, the yellow woolybear moth, and the red admiral butterfly. Of course there is also the frightening assassin bug, the deathwatch beetle, and the burying beetle. Take courage thooyed by the students' shouts of encouragement. did not feel confident about his answer to the fifth question. D What is your reaction when you see a strange insect in your house? Have you ever wondered about what it was named? ~ Some insects have very pich confidence. ~ He was also sure about his next three answers. When the fifth question was read, Kevin's heart sank.~ We can assume that Kevin was not listening when the fifth question was read. was unsure about his answer to the second question. was annfully walked to his desk. He knew hundreds of students were cheering him on, but his mind was full of memorized facts, so he didn't hear them. The first question was about the Bill of Rights. The announcer read it clearly, and Kevin wrote the answer witt be used to describe Mozart? versatile creative lazy gifted C Kevin's heart pounded as he listened to the announcer. He knew his name would be called soon. This was one of the most important parts of the competition. When his name was called, he dutier. Most of it was not published until after he died at the age of 35. He worked very quickly; ideas rushed into his head faster than he could write them down. He wrote three of his great symphonies in the space of 42 days in 1788. Which word could nos Mozart. He showed early musical aptitude, and began performing and writing music as a very young child. ~ He composed over one thousand pieces of music in his lifetime~ for opera, symphony orchestra, chorus, string quartet, and solo instrumental performople invest their money in the stock market. ~ They usually get advice about good investments from an expert in the field.~ However, Anthony Silverman of Minneapolis, Minnesota gets his guidance from a different source. He spreads out the stock listings in the newspaper and lets his dog walk on them. The first stock the dog's right paw touches is the stock Mr. Silverman buys. This may sound strange, but Mr. Silverman claims that his dog has been responsible for a lot of good decisions. He believes thants in special shapes. topiary is only used in amusement parks. it takes a long time to shape a shrub into an animal. tall trees are never used in topiary. A People today seem to be sincerely concerned about their health. It is difficult to read through a chicken wire.~ The chicken wire is shaped into an animal and then filled with moss. Fast growing vines are planted in the moss and then wound around the wire as they grow. From this paragraph we can conclude that there are at least two ways to grow plae shapes of animals. Plants are chosen with a certain shape in mind. For example, a short, rounded shrub might be used to make a pig. ~ The shrub is clipped into shape in a greenhouse until it is ready to be unveiled. Plant sculptures are also made withs are often poisoned by their own quills. misunderstood by people. attacked by their mates. seen in the desert. B Topiary is the art of training plants to grow in special shapes. In amusement parks such as Disneyland, trees and shrubs are often seen in thause a porcupine often pricks itself with its own quills. Secondly, a porcupine does not throw its quills. A threatened porcupine thrashes its tail at its enemy and the quills remain stuck in the enemy's skin. From this passage we can tell that porcupineand Canada. ~ It is often said that a porcupine can throw its poisonous quills to defend itself. There are two myths in this statement.~ First of all, a porcupine's quills are not poisonous. If they were, the species would not have survived so long bectiful than the moon. moon is much smaller than the sun. sun is responsible for the moon's beauty. poets should have written about the sun. C Porcupines have been around for two and a half million years. Today they live in the forests of the United States s light. The earth also reflects the sun's light. If you looked down at the earth from out in space, it would glow like the moon. ~ So, the artists really have the sun to thank for their inspiration.~ The last sentence suggests that the sun is more beau throughout the years. Many poems and songs have been written about the shining moon. But the moon is actually a ball of rough, gray rock. It doesn't glow or shine at all. Its light comes from the sun. The moon acts like a mirror and reflects the sun'confident that his sister will forgive him if he replaces the record. not worried about what his parents will say about the record. B For thousands of years, people have enjoyed looking at the moon. Its changing shapes and brightness have inspired artistsout his carelessness.~ Oliver knew that he'd have to replace his sister's record. He wondered if he would ever deserve her trust. We can tell that Oliver is afraid that his sister will discover the warped record. disappointed in his own neglectfulness. t of spite. But now he stared at the warped record. He had left it on the heater when he ran to answer the telephone. Then he had gone to the arcade with his friends and forgotten all about the record. ~ Now he realized that his sister had been right abMinneapolis B "You can't borrow my records because you are too careless!" His sister's words rang in Oliver's head. At the time, he thought his sister was being unfair and unreasonable. He thought she was refusing to let him borrow her records simply out he has found the best way to choose stock. What does "an expert in the field" mean in this passage? someone who works on a farm someone who knows a lot about investing in the stock market someone who uses pets to pick winning stocks someone who lives in newspaper or magazine, or watch television without being exposed to some new information about ways to reduce the risk of heart disease. A Florida heart specialist, Dr. Zacharia, has joined the fight against heart disease in a unique way. He offers discounts to his patients who take good health seriously. ~ For example, if a patient lowers his blood pressure or cholesterol level, Dr. Zacharia takes 5% off his bill.~ A substantial discount is also available to patients who stop smoking. From this passagch animal is the fastest runner? It is difficult to measure precisely, but~ it is generally agreed that the cheetah is the fastest over short distances~--up to 600 yards. The cheetah can run about 60 miles an hour at this distance. The cheetah, sometime23rd.~ The last sentence suggests that it is believed that the birds come and go on these dates. the birds do not live at the mission. it is a recorded fact that the birds come and go on these dates. the birds living at the mission are not swallows. A Whier and heavy roof to fall. Today, visitors can see this church as it looked after the earthquake. The mission has become famous because of the flock of swallows that live there. ~ The birds supposedly arrive every year on March 19th and leave on October unded the Mission San Juan Capistrano. It was California's seventh mission. A small adobe church was built at the site. In 1806, a large and elaborately decorated stone church was built at the mission. But six years later, an earthquake caused the towl be more enjoyable if you exercise. Nature will look different from high up in a tree. Members of Tree Climbers International enjoy nature more often. You will enjoy nature more when tree climbing is a recognized sport. B In 1776, Father Junipero Serra fobing used by tree surgeons are taught at a school in Atlanta. There are six levels of difficulty in tree climbing. They range from climbing a 25-foot tree to climbing a 350-foot tree. What might it mean to "view nature from a new perspective"? Nature wilers International is an organization that wants to establish tree climbing as a recognized sport. ~ The organization believes that climbing trees is good exercise. They also think it allows you to view nature from a new perspective.~ Methods of tree climgh it can be very useful, mercury is a dangerous poison.~ The author suggests that mercury should not be touched. eaten. melted. heated. B Climbing trees has always been an adventure enjoyed by children. Many adults also enjoy climbing trees. Tree Climbthis rock is melted, it becomes a liquid. But it is a very unusual liquid, because it is dry. You can actually stick your finger into mercury without getting it wet. If a puddle of mercury is pushed, it breaks up into many little rolling balls. ~ Althout very resourceful. C If you have ever had your temperature taken, you have probably noticed a silvery substance inside the thermometer. This substance is called mercury. Mercury comes from cinnabar, a red rock found near volcanoes. When the metal from rfect for the job until he read on. The extras were required to dye their hair green! We can tell that Justin would not mind dying his hair green to get the job. will probably go back to selling magazine subscriptions. is not more than 15 years old. is noy. One day while he was reading the newspaper, Justin discovered what he thought was the ideal money-making opportunity. A casting director was looking for extras for a new movie. ~ To qualify, you had to be 12 to 15 years old.~ Justin thought he was pep new schemes to raise money. When he was younger, he and his friends put on skits and charged admission. Then he had sold magazine subscriptions door to door. But Justin did not enjoy hard work. He wanted to find a way to earn a lot of money in a hurre, we can conclude that Dr. Zacharia does not encourage his patients to exercise regularly. is only motivated by making money. believes that high blood pressure contributes to heart problems. has never smoked a cigarette. C Justin was constantly dreaming us called the hunting leopard, is found on the plains of East Africa. ~ The champion long distance runner is the pronghorn antelope of the Western United States.~ This graceful animal has been observed to travel at 35 miles an hour for distances up to four miles. What would happen if the cheetah and the antelope had a race? The race would probably end in a tie. The antelope would win. The cheetah would win. The outcome would depend on the length of the race. D The house was positively spotless. It looked y. B ement.~ This image looks like a pool of water. It seems to mysteriously disappear when you come closer to it. But it was never really there! If you see a mirage, you probably need glasses. are traveling on a hot day. have a wild imagination. are thirstg of light rays. If light travels through cool air to warmer air, it bends. ~ On a very hot day, the air closest to the ground is warmer than the air above. So, when light travels through the air, a shiny image of the sky sometimes appears on the hot pav. there were too many robberies. the gold ran out. it was too wicked. C Have you ever seen a puddle of water in the road and then discovered it was not really there? Well, what you actually saw was a mirage. A mirage is a false image caused by the bendindy gold miners were all characteristic sights in the old western town. Today, Bodie is a ghost town and a tourist attraction. Only 100 of its original buildings are still standing. Bodie probably became a ghost town because the town was haunted by ghostsodie was once the site of great excitement. ~ It started as a small gold mining camp, and by 1871 its population had grown to 10,000.~ During its active years, Bodie was like something out of an old western movie. Saloons, stage coach robberies, and gree she opened the door. Which word would not be used to describe Mrs. Newman? conscientious nervous particular carefree D Bodie, California is about seven miles from the Nevada border. In the late 1800's, it was known as the "wickedest town in the west." B "There. Now everything's perfect."~ Just then, the doorbell rang. It seemed to interrupt the sterile stillness of the house. Mrs. Newman smoothed her dark hair and walked to the front door. She hesitated a bit and practiced smiling graciously. Thenas if it waited anxiously for an important visitor. Mrs. Newman looked quite satisfied as she inspected the parlor. ~ Then she squinted suspiciously at the painting on the wall. She walked over and adjusted its position by nudging the lower right corner.