' +JJJJ ?\>m0M='+l> /+l   d]@ŵLҦ]]LF L}BBL]浍 x m浅DeCE `m浅maDLi 鷎귭෍ᷩ췩緈JJJJx L8ᷭ緍췩 緍i 8 `巬 췌`x (`(8`I`B` ``>J>J>VU)?`8'x0|&HhHh VY)'&Y)xꪽ)' `Hh`V0^*^*>&` aI꽌ɪVɭ&Y&&Y& 꽌ɪ\8`&&꽌ɪɖ'*&%&,E'зЮ꽌ɪФ`+*xS&x'8*3Ixix&& 8  '  & x)*++`FG8`0($ p,&"8 흠 BȱBȄ  ȿL߼  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?  1 /" *. $ (9"1 ( ,.(0# 2  /#0/#0 *?'#07#00/0/'#07#0:"4<*55/**5/*%5/)1/)1/)1/)'#0/#0*5/*75/**5/*:5//#0/#0'#07#0:::*::'#07#0(/;-%-%';-24<2/)(:-ER 4h00#h Լ ռ ռ ռ`HJ>݌h Hh݌`﷕AC ȿLHIHHHHhHH݌hHhHh݌H6 VDP (ED Z $0x8x D- ܸDD# H8`?E Vk *f???0xE Hh D#-EEE8` D ܸx D - ܸx8`-0ݩ?ʥD EEE`  巬 LҦcpq` [` ~  LӜu`".Q`pNФbptťܥm2<(-Py0\|e<6e< 8浅`JJJJj귍hI  aUL@ kU8  L  Q^R(jQ0l^l\ HH ^hh`W ԧ H h@ [_ /QSIRb_L`LLLL`ª`LQLYLeLXLeLee ўQH\(h0L& Ꝥ$`( R \ZLl8 ўR HH\`\Z[YS6`LxQɿu3'RͲʎRʎ]]]ɍuL͟ɍ}RLRɍg^H8 ^hZLɍR LͲɊRR% QLܤͲ Z@ -^ ş\[Z QY\[Z8`l6Lş_Ȍb_Ͳ] )Y h( ֭ͲLɍ [LLĦ__ ^ 9 LҦ3 9 a   0LjLY u< (_9 ˭ɠuɠK_9 ?Lˆʆ8L õ ĵµ aµ`` L̦µ_bJLuLz`  ȟ QlXJ̥KlV  ȟ QlV eօ3L e3L &RL &QL d L4 Ne)n `@-eff L f`L . tQLѤ LҦL` OPu d L Ne)noon 8ɍ` ^f\õL ^NR  RΩLҦ)\Z ʽ LHv 3h`0h8` [L NС õ`A@` ŵL^Lõ`  \ 濭0 \  ȟ Q ^\lZl^?cqH şch`fhjõĵ@OAP`u@`@&`QR`E Ls  @DAE@u`8` %@ @A@`@`@A`Mµ ) LЦ`8@AWc@8@-@HAȑ@hHȑ@ȑ@hHȑ@Ȋ@ch8&ȑ@Hȑ@Ah@LHȑ@ȑ@ htphso`hMhL`9V8U897T6S67`INILOASAVRUCHAIDELETLOCUNLOCCLOSREAEXEWRITPOSITIOOPEAPPENRENAMCATALOMONOMOPRINMAXFILEFINBSAVBLOABRUVERIF!pppp p p p p`" t""#x"p0p@p@@@p@!y q q p@  LANGUAGE NOT AVAILABLRANGE ERROWRITE PROTECTEEND OF DATFILE NOT FOUNVOLUME MISMATCI/O ERRODISK FULFILE LOCKESYNTAX ERRONO BUFFERS AVAILABLFILE TYPE MISMATCPROGRAM TOO LARGNOT DIRECT COMMANč$3>L[dmx- ( 9 Ϡ@跻~!Wo*9~~~~ɬƬ~_ j ʪHɪH`Lc (L ܫ㵮赎 ɱ^_ J QL_Ls贩紎 DǴҵԵƴѵӵµȴ 7 ַ :ŵƴѵǴҵȴµ納贍﵎ٵ്ᵭⳍڵL^ѵ-I `  4 ò-յ!  8صٵ紭ﵝ 7L (0+BC  7L HH`LgL{0 HH` õL H hBL BH [ h`Lo õ ڬL B ڬ LʬH hB@ յյ [L (ȴ) ȴ 7L L ( L (ȴL{ƴѵ洩ƴǴҵ 7 ^* B0 HȱBh ӵԵ 8 L8 ݲ` ܫ = & ED C & sƴi0DȴH h  紅D贅E C ɴ  ) 0 Ν ɃhhL`D٤E EDD ` ŵBѵ-` ѵB-` ܫ XI볩쳢8 DH E𳈈췍Ȍ X0 · JLȵCǵB`,յp` 䯩 R-յյ`յ0` K R-յյ`ɵʵӵԵ` 4 K ( ѵҵLBȱBL8` DBHBH : ַ޵BȭߵBhhӵԵ RBܵmڵ޵ȱBݵm۵ߵ` 䯩LR˵̵ֵ׵`êĪLR E( 8` R` ELRŪƪ`췌 յյI뷭鷭귭ⵍ㵍跬ª 뷰` Lf ݵܵߵ޵ ^`8ܵ i B8` 4L ֵȱB׵ ܯ䵍൭嵍 ` DȑB׵Bֵ  ַ յյ`굎뵎쵬 뵎쵌``õĵBCõĵ`µµ`L õBĵCصص Qƴ0"Bƴ 󮜳` 0۰ϬBƴ8`i#`ЗLw!0>ﵭ` m ﳐ 7i볍 8 ЉLw`H h ݲL~ `浍국䵍뵩嵠Jm赍嵊mjnnn浈ۭm浍浭m䵍䵩m嵍`"L ŵ8ŵH ~(` d ֠Ġz# u`@]C??3s~;wvw.w~6@@6@@6@9Nqcg|3|gg sg8LGy@@6@9N`|sfgf`|@^@^@^@6@^@^@]?87 ~qn?|wwn{_{_G]A6@@]]??7w~{7vwv6@@6@~{wgvvvv6@@6@AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA@6@9N`|?sfg<fp|@9N`<s`<fOO~^@6@9N|s|s@9N`s`fNO|^@^@^@]6{nw~nv_{wwwvw{n{_{_o]}6@@]]?87w^@A6}nw~nz_{wwwvw{`{x_o]}6@@a]?w0w~{ww~6@@6@AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA@@6@@6@Fxs|sg@^@9Nqcx3|Gg cg8LO|^@AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA^@@ *@9Ny3||O3~ggLsg|LO|^@AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA^@^@]6xnwpnp|wwCn{_{_oUa6@@}?w~;w~6@/?` THE PICTURE ONLY COMES THE FIRST TIME YOU RUN THE HELLOV`ZZ(842):ZZ320a`842,3~`::10::" LOADING ":`230,32:62450` (4)"BLOAD SCRUNCH"` (4)"BLOAD CHEMTITLE,A$4000"` :16302,0` 25003`104,96:24576,0a  ΍̍ˍٍ͍č6368,0:ZZ$$#ZZ$(13)FLAG020?#ZZ$(13)FLAG13000#ZZ$"R"Ĺ104,8:2048,0::10:"NOW LOADING YOUR PROGRAM":(4)F$#23:958:5000#p23:6:16368,0:"PRESS TO CONTINUE ";ZZ$:XFORA GIVEN TIME PERIOD. WATCHING THE BOXESCHANGE OVER SEVERAL TIME PERIODS ALLOWS THE STUDENT TO OBSERVE THE EQUILIBRIUM.""F$"RUN ACID STRENGTH":5000"20 #23:2:"PRESS TO RETURN TO THE MENU PRESS TO RUN THE PROGRAM";:1̍΍ٍ PROGRAM ALL THEWAY THROUGH. YOU (AS THE TEACHER) CAN BYPASS THE QUESTION BY TYPING IN '6.02' AS THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION.": F$"RUN LAB CALC--BOYLE'S LAW":5000:3:"BALLOON":"-------": "--THIS IS A SIMULATION OF A BALLOON FULLOF AN  TRY ANOTHER ROUND";:16368,0:A$:A$(13)ī339BrA$(32)300Kw360Q23:6:16368,0:"PRESS TO CONTINUE";A$:1000::8:868:24:13:16368,0:"PRESS ";A$:24:868:"------": Y) XCLICK(16336)(16336)CYNDC15Ġ1:X,Y:NDND1:350aZNDC1Ġ15:X,Y:NDND1h^ZtcTITI1hPC(ND4.5)::21:"TIME: ";TI;" % DISSOCIATED = ";PC" % "l23:"HIT TO RESTART"0m24:"HIT TO OLECULE IS NOW BEING CHECKED TO SEE WHETHER IT DISSOCIATES. WE WILL KEEP COUNT TO SEE IF SOME SORT OF EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED.";PTM13000:TMQND0:NU400:TI0SZ1100TX2(20(1)):Y2(20(1)):N(100(1).5):CX,NTROL. HERE ARE SOME NEW ACID MOLECULES. WHAT IS THEIR TENDENCY TO DISSOCIATE? (REMEMBER 10 IS HIGH AND 1 IS LOW)";I325J23:1:16368,0:"WHAT IS THEIR TENDENCY TO DISSOCIATE?";D:D1D10330L216,0MDD2O:"EACH M 21:16:T$(X):TM150:TM7X1āTM1500:TM>XLX511YX1Ġ15d20,2921:16:T$(X):TM150:TMX"TM1200:TM:Z'1020,::15:X03821Y03826X,Y@Y:XE"NOW YOU CAN HAVE SOME COBOX WHEN IT IS UNDISSOCIATED, AND AS A COLORED BOX WHEN DISSOCIATED."Q1020WnT$(1)" HX "T$(2)" H+X- "T$(3)" H+ X- "T$(4)" H+ X- "T$(5)"H+ X-"15Z14X15X1Ġ120,29AS ACETIC ACID, A"::"VALUE OF 1 WOULD BE APPROPRIATE."B1010"WE WILL FIRST LOOK AT THE BEHAVIOR OF"::"ONE MOLECULE OF HX AND THEN AT A GROUP"::"OF THE ACID MOLECULES."1010:G"WE WILL REPRESENT THE ACID MOLECULE AS A WHITE ACETIC ACID TENDS TO STAY TOGETHER.". 1010 "FOR THE ACID, HX, YOU WILL GIVE ME A "::"NUMBER (BETWEEN 1 AND 10) WHICH DEFINES"::"THE TENDENCY FOR THE ACID TO DISSOCIATE.":"10 WOULD BE A STRONG ACID, SUCH AS HCL.":8"FOR A WEAK ACID, SUCH THIS PROGRAM, WE WILL USE A GENERAL"::"ACID WITH THE GENERAL FORMULA, HX."::"THIS DISSOCIATES INTO H+ AND X- IONS." 1010$ "EVERY ACID HAS A DEFINITE TENDENCY TO"::"DISSOCIATE AND RE-ASSOCIATE."::"HCL'S TENDENCY IS TO DISSOCIATE WHILE"::" CON-"::"CENTRATION OF H+ IONS IS ABOUT AS LARGE"::"AS THE ORIGINAL CONCENTRATION OF ACID."i 1010 "ON THE OTHER HAND, ACETIC ACID IS A WEAK":"ACID BECAUSE IT DOES NOT DISSOCIATE VERY":"WELL. THE H+ CONCENTRATION IS LOW." 1010w "IN 3" 1010 "ONE OF THE FACTORS WHICH MAKES ONE ACID"::"STRONGER THAN ANOTHER IS HOW EASILY IT"::"'DISSOCIATES' INTO A NEGATIVE ION AND A" :"POSITIVE HYDROGEN ION, OR PROTON (H+)." 1010_ "HCL DISSOCIATES VERY WELL, SO THE +24 ,TM180:TM% -T$(X):X, 2Z> 7TM1500:TMh <13:"ANOTHER PROGRAM BY PAUL GROVES"r F1000{ d:8 n"THEORY":"------" x"HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCL) IS A STRONG ACID" }"AND"::"ACETIC ACID (CH COOH) IS A WEAK ACID. ōō ";ZZ$:23:1:868:O0LV0LV023:0,4LV,4:142,4142RV,4S3:0,5LV,5:142,5142RV,5t6:0,7LT,7:142,7142RT,76:0,8LT,8:142,8142RT,8 ' '-------------- ' HIT  '--------------'23:1:16368,0:"HIT  THETA1.45PI8 .4R(THETA)XX,.4R(THETA)YYD XT,YTJ b------------------y THERMOMETER DRAW------------------0:TH08:0,TH279,TH:TH1:0,1LP,1:142,1142RP,11:0,2LP,2:142,2142RP,2RV0RVb -----------------*l DRAW REFLECTIONAv -----------------S THETA1.16PI XT.35R(THETA)XX:YT.35R(THETA)YY:XT,YT THETA1.16PI .65R(THETA)XX,.65R(THETA)YY THETA1.31PI .7R(THETA)XX,.7R(THETA)YY  THETA -------------/ DRAW BOTTOMB -------------R THETA.5PIv XR(THETA)XX:YR(THETA)YY& X,Y0 THETA.4PI: 1.3R(THETA)XX,1.3R(THETA)YYD THETA.6PIN 1.3R(THETA)XX,1.3R(THETA)YYX X,YR2((.75V2)PI).33333+R2(R2.5)401D -------------V DRAW CIRCLEi ------------- XR(0)XX:YR(0)YY 3:X,Y THETA02.1PI2PI(R510) XR(THETA)XX:YR(THETA)YY CLICK(16336)(16336) X,Y΍čS$,1)"N"ĺ(7):3460(( (16)::200d (4)"BLOAD SCRUNCH"&1 X13<Y13T(4)"BLOAD Q"X"."Ya(25003:x-22:"Q"X"."Y" "2Y<XX  "Y"770 13311)"THAT'S ALL FOLKS!!"9?G 13n8)"HIT TO START!!";:A$w 160ANUMBERS HAVE ONLY ONE DECIMAL POINT!":"RE-ENTER NUMBER!";N$:700: IF NO DECIMAL, REMOVE TRAILING ZEROS#DEC0(NUM$4)" 0HH1;b23:6:"PRESS TO CONTINUE ";ZZ$AvGO10h15)"YOUR SCORE:":14)H;" OUT OF 10"::15)"YOUR TIME:":T(100(T40))10013)T;" SECONDS"::7)"DO YOU WANT TO TRY AGAIN?";:A$A$","BROMIDE (BR)","CHLORIDE (CL)","FLUORIDE (F)","HYDROXIDE (OH)","IODIDE (I)","NITRATE (NO3)","PERMANGANATE (MNO4)","CYANIDE (CN)" "CARBONATE (CO3)","CHROMATE (CRO4)","DICHROMATE (CR2O7)","OXIDE (O)","SULFATE (SO4)","SULFIDE (S)"& "PHOSPHATE (PO (BA)","CALCIUM (CA)","CUPRIC (CU)","FERROUS (FE)","LEAD (PB)","MAGNESIUM (MG)","MANGANOUS (MN)","MERCUROUS (HG2)","MERCURIC (HG)","NICKEL (NI)","STANNOUS (SN)","ZINC (ZN)" "ALUMINUM (AL)","FERRIC (FE)" "STANNIC (SN)" "ACETATE (CH3COO)WRONG...THE CORRECT ANSWER WAS: ";B$(1):610:470G "CORRECT";:""P 610Z HH1h D10640q 190  "AMMONIUM (NH4)","CUPROUS (CU)","HYDROGEN (H)","HYDRONIUM (H3O)","LITHIUM (LI)","POTASSIUM (K)","SILVER (AG)","SODIUM (NA)""BARIUMAN$:13 ((A$" ")):AN$; AN$(13)A(A$):410z AN$(8)A$""A$(A$,(A$)1((A$)1)):16368,0:400 AN$(8)A$""400 AN$(32)Ĺ16368,0:400 A$A$AN$:16368,0 Z TTZ B14:A$B$(B)440 B1 "$(2)"-1":B$(3)"-"C @X32X39B$(1)"2-":B$(2)"-2":B$(3)"--"o JX39B$(1)"3-":B$(2)"-3":B$(3)"---"z TY1X ^QXN$ hY rQXN$ |Z150000:F(16384) Z15(Z15)CLICK(16336)(16336):2:(Z15):"*" F127400 19 X0X9B$(1)"1+":B$(2)"+1":B$(3)"1":B$(4)"+"r X8X21B$(1)"2+":B$(2)"+2":B$(3)"2":B$(4)"++" "X20X23B$(1)"3+":B$(2)"+3":B$(3)"3":B$(4)"+++" ,X23B$(1)"4+":B$(2)"+4":B$(3)"4":B$(4)"++++" 6X23X33B$(1)"1-":B IT TAKES YOU TO DETERMINE"G 4)"THE VALENCE OF TEN DIFFERENT IONS"O :n 12)"HIT !!";:A$v H0~ D0 X139:A(X)0:X A$"":AN$"" DD1 11 X(39(1)1) A(X)1240 A$"":AN$"" A(X)x  A(39)43(13)"VALENCE DRILL!"M213)"=============="U<:nF13)"IN THIS DRILL"P5)"YOU WILL DETERMINE THE CHARGE,"Z4)"OR VALENCE, OF SOME COMMON IONS."dn7)"THIS PROGRAM WILL DETERMINE" x3)"HOW LONG   4PI14:J15:0,IJ15:1,20:800:J:I:1380:PZ1,25:0,5MY45:800:pd23:10:SC;:28:PT;" ": 0:SC;:28:PT;" ":STHANK YOU FOR PLAYING"::"WOULD YOU LIKE TO PLAY AGAIN? ";A$H 832,0^(A$,1)"Y"1320:13:"OK.. .":"SEE YOU LATER!":X11500:X::(:" "2D$(4)<D$"RUN THE MOLE GAME--PART II"F783,250:769,1:771,250:768:HARD":1280:"UP AND COMING CHEMIST...GOOD WORK":1280f"GOOD CHEMIST...CONGRATULATIONS":1280"AMAZING CHEMIST...YOU HAVE FOUND YOUR":" CALLING!":1280"OUTSTANDING, TOP 1%, GRAND WIZARD,":" CHEMIST...TEACH THE CLASS!!!"=:"ATCH, AND":1190."GREAT CATCH, AND":1190T"TRULY AMAZING CATCH, AND":1190mCHEMIST(PSSBL5)1|" -A ";CHEMIST1220,1230,1240,1250,1260,1270"BEGINNING CHEMIST....KEEP WORKING":1280 "BETTER THAN AVERAGE CHEMIST...WORK SSBLE;" METEORS TO CATCH"::;LCTCH(((PCNT.5)20)1)^V"THAT MAKES YOU:":" --A ";`CTCH1130,1140,1150,1160,1170,1180j"TERRIBLE CATCH, AND":1190t"PRETTY SAD CATCHER, AND":1190~"BUTTERFINGERS, AND":1190"REAL DECENT CETURN> ";:T$:-------------------------B END OF GAME`------------------------sTM11000:TMPSSBLE(((832)4).5)$PCENT100SCPSSBLE.::58"YOU HAVE CAUGHT ";(PCENT.5);"% OF THE METEORS":B"THERE WERE ";PTHE SKY IS FALLING!"::".....AND IT IS UP TO YOU TO CATCH IT.":"YOU HAVE A BASKET AND YOU ARE CATCHING":"METEORS....VERY SIMPLE":"USE THE ARROWS AND KEY TO MOVE":"THE BASKET."::"I'LL KEEP SCORE.":"GOOD LUCK!"23:15:"HIT ----------------------- H DRAW BASKET R-----------------------\ OPENIN1350% XMY39PTPT1:1380:500< bMXXOLDMY38660J l0:MX,MYV vMYMY1e 15:MX,MYn 400 -----HIT----- SCSC1:HT1 PTPT1 1360 450 -----------------------  MOVE RIGHT -------------------------------------------------3  DROPPING METEORSO ----------------------_ PT01020m HT0600 ------DROP METEOR------ PT01020 HT0 X1(37(.5)1) Y1201 &X1,Y1)15580 0Y1 :530 DMXX1:MYY1 N @X1,Y1 JX? T22:" # METEORS CAUGHT # METEORS LEFT"[ ^----------------------o h THE GAME r---------------------- |1380 830 S(16384) S127450 16368,0 S149710: RIGHT S136770: LEFT -PT((PT4).5) ::22@ "YOU WILL HAVE ";PT;" METEORS"_ -------------------------u SET UP SCREEN ------------------------- :0 X039:0,39X:X 15 "X1PT ,X1(37(.5)1):Y1(3(.5)) 6X1,Y1)15300q 21003dPT(832):PT0::15:"NO WAY!":;n:LxXNW1:XOLD1UHT1^255|------------------------ MOLE GAME------------------------15:"THE GAME:""INSTRUCTIONS? ";A$:(A$,1)"Y"İ940PT(832)      )ė:15:"OK. ":"˫0:15:"OK. ":4j"˫0 (32)ė:15:"OK. ":W"˫0,117,122,96,101,89,79,96,57,117,36-ë500003ÀM8Dz ------TIME SOUND VBnj768\LDZyVDz-----CORRECT ANSWER----`ǁI14:Z15:0,IZ15:1,20:800:Z:I: ˺" ":D$(4)!˺"HIT TO TRY AGAIN":"HIT TO QUIT":T$:T$(32...":A$"":35:50110 ë50100EíS127ĄA$:(100((A$)A))2ıZíX12W1250120aÂWmTMTM1íTM0ĺ"SORRY!":"NOT FAST ENOUGH....":"PRACTICE AND TRY AGAIN!!!":160ÂXî"Ã139,29,161,36,182,57,189,79,182,101,161,122,139,129 nÓ139,79xÇX1,Y1#ÓX1,Y1.ð51000:ÁW125JS(16384)[íS12750100þS$:S$(8)Ĺ16368,0:(8)" "(8);:50100A$A$S$:S$;íS$(13)(100((A$)A))2İ51040:íS$(13)(100((A$)A))2ĺ:"NOPE.":"TRY AGAINNCORRECT, YOU MUST":"TRY AGAIN.":"YOU WILL, OF COURSE, NEED A CALCULATOR":"AND A PERIODIC TABLE.":::"WHEN YOU ARE READY,":"SIMPLY PRESS .":"HAVE FUN!"$23:" HIT ";:T$OÀPÑUîZÒ3dÁX112YOU WILL BE GIVEN THREE QUESTIONS TO":"SOLVE AND WILL BE TIMED.":"ANY TIME LEFT OVER WILL BE REDEEMABLE":"IN A GAME FOLLOWING THESE CALCULATIONS.":#"WHEN YOU GET THE ANSWER, TYPE IT INTO ":"THE COMPUTER AND PRESS ."::"IF THE ANSWER IS IE GAME--PART III"Z :21:"SORRY!!!":"NOT FAST ENOUGH.....":"PRACTICE AND TRY AGAIN!"v X12000:X:::52000 -----------INSTRUCTIONS--------  "THIS IS A DRILL OF CALCULATIONS USING":"GRAMS AND MOLAR MASSES TO FIND MOLES.": "? G/MOLE)":MW32:100@ _"METHANE GAS (??? G/MOLE)":MW16:100F dT nAMASSMW_ x50000f Pu TM0150 :832,TM:D$(4) ::10:" YOU HAVE ";TM;" UNITS REMAINING" 12:" (NOW LOADING IN THE GAME)" D$"RUN THE MOL5 A"CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (??? G/MOLE)":MW154:100^ F"COPPER (63.5 G/MOLE)":MW63.5:100 K"CARBON DIOXIDE (??? G/MOLE)":MW44:100 P"SILVER NITRATE (170 G/MOLE)":MW170:100 U"SULFUR DIOXIDE (??? G/MOLE)":MW64.1:100 Z"OXYGEN GAS (??ESTION ";PA (22:"HOW MANY MOLES IN ";MASS;" GRAMS OF:":" ";i -PROB50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95 2"POTASSIUM BROMIDE (119 G/MOLE)":MW119:100 7"HYDROGEN CYANIDE (27.0 G/MOLE)":MW27:100 <"HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (36.5 G/MOLE)":MW36.5:100 1TM100:%200B20:"MOLE CALCULATIONS"o21:"WOULD YOU LIKE INSTRUCTIONS? ";A$(A$,1)"N"81000P13 A$"" MASS(1000(.5))10PROB(10(.5)1)!255:35:200"110 #21:"QU     X1,Y1X8783,250:769,1:771,250:768:68:"TIME YOU MAY"$,." HAVE LEFT OVER"28KB" WILL COUNT AS"QLgV" 'POINTS'"m`j" IN A GAME!"t33,40:32,0~832,0D$(4)D$"RUN THE MOLE GAME--PART II"255X1SX1,Y1S AND":"CONVERSIONS USING MOLES.";:" HIT ";:T$C::N33,20Y32,10l:X124::Xu150" YOU NOW HAVE"" 100 TIME UNITS"" I WILL GIVE YOU"" 3 PROBLEMS TO SOLVE" " ANY 0,195,123,200,123,196,127,191,127,186,130,203,130,182,140,168,140RpW11000:WczX121::Xl13022:" ANOTHER PROGRAM BY P.C.GROVES":TM12000:TM::229" THIS PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO QUIZ YOU":"IN CALCULATIONS DEALING WITH MOLE140,117,145,121,144,125,136,125, 152,1405*S15?41210>153,130,158,120,170,110,181,110,184,120,173,120,175,118,167,118,159,130,164,130,168,127,177,127,173,131,157,140,152,140H168,140RS12\1210Af202,110,232,110,217,120,200,1240,118,140110,125S6)1210^104,120,111,120,112,121,116,124,115,125,110,125k132,140tS10~1210124,120,133,110,146,110,154,120,147,140,142,140,143,130,136,130,138,140,132,140136,125S5 1210135,121,40 NS16XW1350:W%b1260/l1210v80,131,93,131,90,128,80,128,70,126,53,118,50,110,80,110,91,120,71,120,76,124,90,124,97,126,110,135,108,140,100,140118,140S81210 89,110,110,110,119,118,123,126,120,130,116,130,123,14,40,195,40,195,43,205,43,208,47,203,57,197,60,179,60 G 123,100O S4Y 1260c 1210 116,70,127,70,131,100,123,100 134,100 &S10 01210 :131,70,145,70,150,83,152,70,163,70,155,100,148,100,142,86,142,100,134,100D100,1 153,50,151,60,132,60 $ 156,60- S127 1210 161,30,188,30,184,40,167,40,166,43,170,43,169,47,165,47,164,50,180,50,176,60,156,60 179,60 S16 1210 W1500:W:  182,50,200,50,200,47,190,47,186,40,188,35,195,30,220,30,2184,50,75,46,83,60,73,60 & 106,54. "S88 ,1210z 6 100,36,105,30,116,30,124,36,126,54,122,60,113,60,106,54 @108,40 JS4 T1210 ^ 117,40,120,52,112,52,108,40 h132,60 rS6 |1210  129,30,140,30,140,50, ,208,4,198,1,240,8,202,208,246,166,0,76,32,03,966 = 7^ 0,0278,0278,1590,1590,0k X1200~ A(159(.5)) B(279(.5)) B,A 73,60 S12 1260 1210  53,30,65,30,78,39,79,30,90,30,102,60,94,60,87,46,* ----MOLE GAME 1------ . 1010,216; 1011,35D (50U 232,0:33,40[ <a d{ nI122:A:767I,A: x160,14,162,00,138,24,233,01,208,252,141,48,192,232,224,140,208,242,136,208,237,96 I119:A:799I,A:0 173,48,192,1369 !**************************A** (C) COPYRIGHT 1982 **a** BY PAUL C. GROVES **** SOUTH PASADENA H S **** 1401 FREMONT AVE **** SOUTH PASADENA, CA. **** 91030 ** *************************     q q6*q8)"NUMBER CORRECT: ";MHq7)"QUESTIONS ASKED: ";LNqEFN$N$"0"p"1530p,nP:"ANSWER: ";A$:A$"Q"Ĺ34,0:35,24::1650JnZA(A$)Snd700nnASIGMM1:"GOOD!":"":1700:1410:1330nx"WRONG!!!":1660:"THE CORRECT ANSWER IS ";SIG:1700:1410:1330n21:13)"HIT ! ";:A$oA$"Q"Ĺ35,2m"HIT ";:A$m%mL0-mML3m;m:Ym 10)"TIME FOR A DRILL!!"ym10)"------------------":m24:11)"*HIT TO QUIT*"m(35,22:34,5:m2:1700:10n<"HOW MANY SIG FIGS IN THIS NUMBER?":1450::" ";DESIGNED TO LET THE COMPUTER "hl~" DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF SIG FIGS IN":8)"ANY NUMBER YOU TYPE IN."l::"WHAT'S THE NUMBER? ";N$lN$"Q"Ĺ34,0:35,24:1630l700ll"THE NUMBER OF SIG FIGS IN ";N$;" = ";SIGl1410l:1160E-ENTER NUMBER! ";N$:700 k$=k.: SIG = # OF SIG FIGS!Qk8SIG(NUM$)DECWkB|kL::::11)"QUIZ THE COMPUTER"kV11)"-----------------"::k`24:11)"*HIT TO QUIT*"kj35,22:34,5:lt6)"THIS PORTION OF THE PROGRAM":4)"IS NT AND LEADING ZEROSQj(NUM$,1)"."(NUM$,1)"0"NUM$(NUM$,(NUM$)1):980]j vj : FIND DECIMAL jDEC0jX1(NUM$)j(NUM$,X,1)"."DECDEC1jXkDEC1ĺ"THAT'S SILLY!!":"NUMBERS HAVE ONLY ONE DECIMAL POINT!":"RDECDEC1iXxiDEC1İ1660:"THAT'S SILLY!!":"NUMBERS HAVE ONLY ONE DECIMAL POINT!":"RE-ENTER NUMBER!";N$:700~ii: IF NO DECIMAL, REMOVE TRAILING ZEROSiDEC0(NUM$,1)"0"NUM$(NUM$,(NUM$)1):950ij: REMOVE DECIMAL POI$)0SIG0:1090h 3h*: REMOVE LEADING ZEROSbh4(NUM$,1)"0"NUM$(NUM$,(NUM$)1):820hh>hH: CHECK FOR TRAILING DECIMALhR(NUM$,1)"."NUM$(NUM$,(NUM$)1)h\hf: FIND DECIMALhpDEC0hzX1(NUM$) i(NUM$,X,1)".":CHECK FOR NEGATIVES :g(NUM$)0NUM$(((NUM$)))@gTg: INPUT CHECKegX1(NUM$)ygCH$(NUM$,X,1)gCH$"0"CH$"1"CH$"2"CH$"3"CH$"4"CH$"5"CH$"6"CH$"7"CH$"8"CH$"9"CH$"."İ1660::1160g h(NUMfb" COUNTS! (EX-- 0.400 HAS 3 SIG"?fl" FIGS)."Efv_f"HIT !";:A$eflf5f5)"NOW YOU'RE READY TO TRY IT FOR"f2)"YOURSELF. CHOOSE A PROGRAM, AND HIT"f10)"THE APPROPRIATE KEY."f110fNUM$N$g TIES:"1e&" 1> IF ZERO IS ON THE LEFT HAND "]e0" SIDE OF THE DECIMAL POINT, IT"e:" DOESN'T COUNT! (EX-- 400 HAS"eD" ONLY ONE SIG FIG)eN" 2> IF ZERO IS ON THE RIGHT HAND"eX" SIDE OF THE DECIMAL POINT, IT"* A> IF ZERO IS IN MIDDLE, COUNT IT!"Jd" (EX-- 403 HAS 3 SIG FIGS)vd" B> IF ZERO IS IN FRONT, IT ISN'T A"d" SIG FIG! (EX-- 0.00345 HAS ONLY"d" 3 SIG FIGS)"d" C> IF ZERO IS AT THE END, THERE ARE"e" TWO POSSIBILI%c6)"HIT THE KEY TO SEE"Cc14)"THE OUTLINE: ";:A$Icdc12)"YE OLDE OUTLINE"c12)"---------------":c"I. THE FIRST STEP IS TO COUNT ALL OF"c" THE DIGITS, EXCLUDING ZEROS."cc"II. REGARDING ZEROS:"%d"FIG RULES"#bJ13)"-------------"+bT:Vb^4)"DETERMINING HOW MANY SIGNIFICANT"bh2)"FIGURES ARE IN A GIVEN NUMBER IS NOT"br12)"THAT DIFFICULT.":bw2)"THE FOLLOWING OUTLINE WILL GIVE YOU"b|3)"A BASIC IDEA OF THE BEST APPROACH.":220 an:&ax7)"<1> RULE REVIEW"Ga7)"<2> QUIZ THE COMPUTER"da7)"<3> SIG FIG DRILL"xa7)"<4> QUIT"a:a"WHAT'LL IT BE? ";:M$a(M$)310,1100,1240,230a170aa10:"THE END........":255:a6 b@13)"SIG O ` 255`:`3=`(8)"SIGNIFICANT FIGURES DRILL"a`28)"========================="i`<:`F8)"THIS EXERCISE IS DESIGNED":4)"TO REVIEW AND DRILL BASIC SKILLS"`P6)"INVOLVING SIGNIFICANT FIGURES":`Z12)"CHOOSE AN OPTION"ad            aa cŠa a c̤a a `LbحaaaaɀL>ca)̴aiimaiLScLSc8aa cȠĠ `hhɦ LcHH`aLaLb ?@,حaaLaɀLa8aaӭaaaa L-bVQLL-baaa ʹaL2b aȑiimaiLbLb8aaLb8aa   ,$` L( L5 LD 8 XL XLR XQHPH RPhPhQ8 XL.0'L+ LfLLLLL ꥪLYԨé L ,-` Leh8PhHQH`hbihciHHb\ȱb]`ߚl hhHHHH`L⥠`ʆ  hdheHdHHHH08  X Xhdhe + eHdHHHeHdH`   q% 0 L0`,wyywxzzx,Hyw wȄffȪ yw fh0`h&Hwyxzwy wy h Lh` ` ` ` 憅` ` ᥠQP` L  8e`LԩLcغh8uhHvH` L L L~ 憅 L ʊ8$!  W$Li)$` LY L   hPhQP 8ePQiHHš`hh PȱPʘHH` ,խwqq膸 J즸 , :hhlP,q`h8uhv] :  ڢ hgʆbcb KLf/q ߠ :۩q` S0 L,Hh*Mȱڦhwx%ȱH J hw0У8 ewwx𴰺 抦5?wtsʆwx8dedЕБt Z Z ,խvqq ", ȹ,ȹ ,W,qewix8 Z ZCBЍw U  yUUwyVxz`Зԥwyxz`ywzx`GH o8 UpVUVƠ UVUʆoph3]eУk ЮU 4Г U 5,wЅƩѤ wU! 5B=ooppȆbcĂbUVdf08ophLД8= 7MLdlkȄmn;op:E UUȥViлh8HH`Ї{y SՠUEowyywxzzxwIy:e \`fH,Hops8otpf,kiUliVU$f&łmUŁfbUȥcUUŭUVŮMvłGUŁ>UV2ЅUŕȱU喰!0UUdUV0*UiUViVUmVnɊȢwU0ХyyUU⥁œ.QP$  e LWHhL:5~    eȱeLaL LRwwxȆwxwHw Jhw`w5U,w`,hbhcbwȱbxcȘHH`wȄ wep`0CBe]Q=b`LicbbbE0`Ġ``MMLeڢD ! SL3LH h%LddЉ`?0 HH chh ޥ Yަ`н  eE   ࠰>Ffee0  &ߢEX$ƫv` ꥪLYDcbbwyȱbxz`ݥܦL+3UV UwȱUx`wUȥxU`Ncbbȱb`cbbȥb`cbbȱb8塅堅PEncbbȱbe HH`0S,,hdehUhVhhHHU hehHehUU HHk`UiȱUiuкe& & &eeHHqUȥqUeFdO݅܆`ycbbȱbƫ8pM䡥UȥUU +뺠ЧUV욥VHUHthhЁ HHf ㈱ۺQi e 纼 +뺊i  e HH`iiiHH`(bcbebbePE1b]  0  j=i<<=kbޙץ,,stHʈcbhH ʈpoophMm X RQtPsh`bhH            )!L )#L )%L )'L ))L )+L )-L )/L )1L )3L )5L 8  ,8  #-'8  -8.)L 8.+L  (Ld(Ld(Ld(L (L (Ld(Ld(L (L (L (Ld(Ld)L )L )L )Ld) L ) L )L )L )L )L )L )L )L )L )LLd,Ld(wL (yL ({Ld(Ld(L (L (Ld(L (Ld(Ld(L (L (Ld(Ld(Ld(L (Ld(L (L (Ld(Ld(Ld(Ld(Ld(L#$ `P0%PHx& H'HG z ?|,EL ,GLd,LLd,QLd,VLd,[Ld,eLd,jLd,yLd,~OACTIVE DECAY M'   =, XLc ) j, +   ) t, ) , A+ c * i ) #   ) (,L(* ) &, (  o 1 ) (,LZ( ) &, @(  o 1 `Lc !@" @ #+  ;, L& XLc ) [, +   y) , A+ c * i ) # * ^) * v) I) * v) # C) $L!' ) zL'' n+ z a)  *  y) H* " 1 +  L'k ----!----!----!----!----!----! TIME (UNITS) RADI- %  ) j, +   ) &, y) *  ) 4  1 j,L% %  1 [,L[&L!& &  ) [, *  LB&---- =&  +   1 S+   ) B X + L&$PRESS TO SEE THE FINISHED GRAPH y&   =,$L$ $  y) , A+ ~* (L$L$ $  y) , A+ aL% y) 0*  I) 6* v) U) 6* v) # R) G, Lo%L-% "%  +   ) j, +   ) &, y) *  ) 4  1 j, y) 0*  I) 6* v) U) 6* v) # R) $G, L%L% [, )  L# TIME (UNITS) ATOMS LEFT #  1 L# #  ) [, )  L!$ ------------ ---------- $  1 L2$ 1$  ) [, +  LX$ Q$  y) ~* (L{$Ls$ q$  y) aL$ $  y) , A+ + (LS "  3,  X +  'L"&WOULD YOU LIKE A PRINTOUT OF THE DATA? "  3, L#Y 1, )   # Lm& ) B e+  LU#RADIOACTIVE DECAY DATA ( <#  m) aLh#) f#  e+  L#---------------------- #  )   1 ) , ) o 1 *   + L1"PTIME ATOMS DECAYED UNDECAYED ATOMS---- ------------- --------------- !  + LG" E"  ) a \+  ) , I) ) ) , F) a ,  ) A+ a 1 +  'L" PRES 'L PRESS TO CONTINUE   3,  X ) z ) )  ) * ) # + j) ) e, +   ) o, m)   ) * # ) ) * * # ^) )  a)  ,+ $L! )  a)  ) ) ) + D :) + D 7) n )L! )  a)  ) `, 8+ EVEN GET THE DATA PRINTED IN TABLE FORM, JUST RIGHT FOR GRAPHING.   L' % SO LET'S NOT WASTE ANY MORE TIME...   +  *  'L` PRESS TO CONTINUE D  3,  X /+ z J+ j, Q*   )  *  )  1 +  * N THE NEXT SCREEN m  L BY HITTING THE KEY, YOU WILL BE SETTING THIS DECOMPOSITION INTO MOTION. IT WILL BE TOO FAST TO KEEP TRACK OF, BUT LUCKILY, THE APPLE WILL TAKE CARE OF THAT FOR YOU.   LN YOU WILL D :) + D 7) n ) 1 [, +  * LA RADIOACTIVITY SIMULATION   S+ LBY PAUL C. GROVES   *  'LPPRESS TO CONTINUE 4  3,  X * LP 1000 ATOMS OF A MYSTERY RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE ARE DRAWN O) z * )  * z * )  ) z * )  ) z ) [, w+   1 ) [, +   ) * # ) , ^) a) * $L )  a)  ) $ I) a) * (G, Lu ) , a) ) o ) , ^)L+ ) , * $L )  a)  ) , a) ) o + n+  ) u*  +  +  ) u*  +  +  ) u*  +  +  ) u*  +  +  ) u*  *  l*  ) u*  )  *  ) *  /+  n+  ) *  +  +  ) *  +  +  ) *  +  ,  ) *  )  *  ) * ` X + % ) *  ) Z*  + % )  )  ) *  *  *  ) *  )  )  ) *  *  *  ) *  )  *  ) H*  l*  *  ) H*  ) 3*  ) Z*  * % ) 3*  ) Z*  Q* % ) 3*  ) Z*  l* % )  *  ) u*  /+   n+  ) Z*  ) *  ) Z*  + % ) *  ) Z*  + % ) *  ) Z*  + % +  ) *  +  ) Z*  ) *  ) Z*  + % ) *  ) Z*  + % ) *  ) Z*  + % ) 3*  ) ?*  + % ) *  ) Z*  + % ) *  ) Z* )  *  *  ) )  ) *  ) Z*  * % ) *  ) Z*  '* % ) *  ) Z*  c* % ) *  ) Z*  * % ) *  ) Z*  * % ) *  ) Z*  8+ % ) *  ) Z*  J+ % ) *  ) Z*  S+ % ) 3*  ) ?*  \+ % n+  ) *  ,.D,-,.L )  *  )  /+  n+  )  +  +  )  +  +  )  ,  )  )  *  *  )  )  *  ) )  /+  n+  ) )  +  +  ) )  +  +  ) )  +  +  ) )  )  )  )             (ANS$,1)"Y"ĺ(16)::3450>N(ANS$,1)"N"ĺ(7):4410PX(16)::190L"28.0 G/MOLE","34.1 G/MOLE","58.5 G/MOLE","36.5 G/MOLE","154 G/MOLE","46.0 G/MOLE"_S1100oT(16336)vS|Q12000Q&(16):07:"YOUR SCORE WAS ";R;" OUT OF 12!":10:"WOULD YOU LIKE TO TRY AGAIN? ";ANS$D6B$E$ĺ::" ";J$;" "::TM1700:TM:RR1:3540N"WRONG!":4320::p"THE CORRECT ANSWER WAS--":" ";:E$;:") ";:J$:WW1:4360:3540 "44.0 G/MOLE","18.0 G/MOLE","16.0 G/MOLE","64.1 G/MOLE","32.0 G/MOLE","4.00 G/MOLE"R@" A) ";K$!J" B) ";L$2T" C) ";J$T^" D) ";M$:::E$"C":4240eh" A) ";K$vr" B) ";L$|" C) ";M$" D) ";J$:::E$"D"17:11:"WHICH ONE IS IT? ";:B$:B$(13)4240B$E$ĺ"CORRECT!";(7);(7)P +X((1)41)9X14120GX24160UX34200f" A) ";J$w" B) ";K$" C) ";L$" D) ";M$:::E$"A":4240" A) ";K$"" B) ";J$," C) ";L$6" D) ";M$:::E$"B":4240 2 5 ":3760)Y1J1J$8Y>QK((1)121)_ KJ3840rL((1)121)LJLK3860(M((1)121)2MJMKML3880<N1KFK$PNZdO1LnL$xOP1MM$04 "SODIUM CHLORIDE NACL":3760f "HYDROGEN CHLORIDE HCL":3760 "CARBON TETRACHLORIDE CCL 4":3760"ETHYL ALCOHOL C H OH O 2 ":3760u j"HELIUM HE ":3760 t"CARBON MONOXIDE CO ":3760 ~"HYDROGEN SULFIDE H S 2 ":376 H O 2 ":3760 L"METHANE CH 4 ":3760 V"SULFUR DIOXIDE SO 2":3760B `"OXYGEN GAS D(J)0 46 "COMPOUND ";CNTR;": "< $ .J3640,3650,3660,3670,3680,3690,3700,3710,3720,3730,3740,3750 8"CARBON DIOXIDE CO 2":37603 B"WATER 8k "IN THIS EXERCISE, YOU WILL BE ASKED TO MATCH 12 DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS WITH THEIR MOLECULAR WEIGHTS."q 9:"HIT TO START! 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";:16368,0:T$ CNTR123440 (16): CNTRCNTR1 J((1)121) USED(J)02740100:L100:QXQX1:F$"Q3.3":470D X1NUM:A(X)10VAR(X)22.4:XX 440:680:1180` 15 "YOU HAVE MADE IT THROUGH CALCULATION (3)"::400::200( QUIZ ON TERMS---2 (16):< USED(12)F US112:USED(US)1:USP R0Z CNTR0:200$t --CALCULATION (3)-- H~ U1000:L1000:QXQX1:F$"Q3.1"Q 470^ X1NUMu A(X)VAR(X).00125| X 440:680:1180 U8:L2:QXQX1:F$"Q3.2" 470 X1NUM A(X)VAR(X)3720.9302 X 440:680:1180  U470X1NUM/ A(X)VAR(X)1.51785716 XJ 440:680:1180k$ U301:L10:QXQX1:F$"Q2.3"t. 4708 X1NUMB A(X)VAR(X).509090909L XV 440:680:1180` 15j "YOU HAVE GOTTEN SAFELY THROUGH":"CALCULATION (2)"::400:z440:680:118010:3O"YOU HAVE SURVIVED CALCULATION (1)"::400:X200v --CALCULATION (2)-- U9:L1:QXQX1:F$"Q2.1"470X1NUMA(X)VAR(X).66445183X440:680:1180U15:L10:QXQX1:F$"Q2.2"Q1.1"470X1NUM0A(X)VAR(X)32.17XK440:680:1180j U30:L5:QXQX1:F$"Q1.2"s470 X1NUM*A(X)VAR(X)22.44X>440:680:1180HU2:L2:QXQX1:F$"Q1.3"R470\X1NUMfA(X)VAR(X)16pXHE PROGRAM."=10:1:"THE ":"IS THE +/- KEY."W21:1:NM$(X):VA(X)]cio&u0{:DNXblv --CALCULATION 1-- U100:L50:QXQX1:F$" 5 6 - "215:18:" 1 2 3 + "T17:18:" 0 . +/- = "ZfV917uH18384HTH3(H30)V:HT:" ";H:V:18::" ": 6:1:"THE KEY":"SENDS YOU BACK":"TO TN$(1)"":N$(2)"":N$(3)"":E0:N0:13602612908@RJV2182:V:1760:VwT3:18::" MOLE CALCULATOR ":^7:18::" ";::"OFF";::" ";:h9:18:" E C / "r11:18:" 7 8 9 * "|13:18:" 4:N1:1360JN1(N$(0)N$(2)):N2(N$(1)N$(3)):OP1530,1540,1550,1560T1360mN$(0)(N1N2):1580N$(0)(N1N2):1580N$(0)(N1N2):1580N20Ģ5:20::"**ERROR**";(7);::" ";:OP11000:OP:1290"N$(0)(N1N2)(,n---------------&x THE COMMANDS;---------------AOE21360mE2:N$(N)N$(N)"E":1360N$(NE)""CM$"-":1350N$(NE)(1(N$(NE))):1360OP1:E0:N1:1360OP2:E0:N1:1360OP3:E0:N1:1360 OP4:E01380,1380,1380,1380,1380,1470,1480,1380,1490,1350,1500,1350,1350,1350,1350,1350,1350,1350,1350,1350,1350,1380,1380,1380,1510,1380,1380,1380,1380,1380,1590,1380,1430FN$(NE)N$(NE)CM$P5:20:N$(N)N$(N2)" ";Z1320d(7);:1320 CALCULATOR-- # :1610:N0:E09N$(0)"":N$(1)""ON$(2)"":N$(3)""(5:20(N$(N))(E2)(N$(NE)):CM$:CLICK(16336)(16336):CL(0)2CM(CM$)26:CM1CM43ĺ(7);:1320<CM1420,1380,1380,1380,1380,1450,1380,1380,1380,1380, ON, ";NM$(X):~400:!X'C --KEEPING SCORE-- S(142NUM)pX1NUM:6:NM$(X);" ";I11(NM$(X))1:"-";:II4((SC(X)))1:"-";:I" ";SC(X);" OUT OF ";QXX62450400:: --THEI2.51100$$" GOOD JOB!!":7.SC(X)SC(X).5W8"LET'S MOVE ON, ";NM$(X):hB400::1160L:7:"SORRY, ";NM$(X):V"YOUR ANSWER OF ";ANS(X);" IS MORE"`"THAN 2% OFF AGAIN.":j"THE CORRECT ANSWER IS ";A(X):t"LET'S MOVE YOU, ";NM$(X):2" YOUR VALUE WAS ";VAR(X):=400:DXd --CHECK FOR 2ND TRY-- qX1NUMA(X)0116010NM$(X);"..."" YOUR NEW ANSWER: ";ANS(X)ANS(X)999İ1280:990I(100(A(X)ANS(X))A(X))4I2.5900'>I(10(I.05))10>H"WITHIN ";I;"%!!"^R"THAT'S CLOSE ENOUGH!!!":w\SC(X)SC(X)1:A(X)0f" VERY GOOD, ";NM$(X):p400::950z"MORE THAN 2% OFF...":"TRY AGAIN FOR 1/2 CREDIT.""I'LL COME BACK TO ";NM$(X);"?"; " ";ANS(X):T ANS(X)999ĉ:1280::62450::25003:21:710[ Xc :p X1NUMw 7 NM$(X);"," "YOUR ANSWER OF ";ANS(X);" IS" I(100(A(X)ANS(X))A(X)): % ERROR*I.5ĺ"ABSOLUTELY CORRECT!!"::860PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING VALUES: "P b"-----------------------------------":] lX1NUMv vNM$(X);:15:VAR(X) :X D$"BLOAD"F$",A$4000" 400: :25003:23:  --TEST ANSWERS-- :X1NUM CL(0) "YOUR ANSWER,CHOOSE VARIABLES-- ! X1NUMB VAR(X)U(.5)L: CHOOSE # Z V$(VAR(X))"0000" FLAG0: CHECK FOR DECIMAL POINT I14 (V$,I,1)"."FLAG1 I &FLAG1V$(V$,3):570 0V$(V$,4) :VAR(X)(V$) DX N:5# X"OICE: ";A hA1A53509 rA1990,2210,2420,2600,380? |m 10:"END OF PROGRAM...":104,8:2048,0:  --PRESS -- 16368,0 6:"PRESS TO CONTINUE ";T$   --TIMER-- TM11500:TM   -----------" < 3:"1) ONE CONVERSION FACTOR PROBLEMS"B n 3:"2) TWO CONVERSION FACTOR PROBLEMS"t  "3:"3) MISCELLANEOUS MOLE PROBLEMS" , 63:"4) QUIZ ON MOLAR MASSES" @ J3:"5) QUIT THIS PROGRAM" T: ^"YOUR CH) dD$(4)$nD$"BLOAD SCRUNCH"8xD$"OPEN NAMES"LD$"READ NAMES"UNUMbX1NUMnNM$(X)uXD$"CLOSE NAMES"400: --MENU-- 4"WHICH TYPE OF PROBLEM WOULD YOU LIKE:" "---------------------------           102:26112,0:D$"RUN MOLE CALCS2"' ]p6:16368,0:"PRESS TO CONTINUE ";ZZ$:Z$:DZ$:UIN WHICH"3N"THE ANSWER IS SO LARGE OR SO SMALL"`X"THAT YOU MAY WISH TO USE EXPONENTS.":b"TO ENTER A NUMBER SUCH AS:":l" -14"v" 4.5 X 10 ":" SIMPLY TYPE IN 4.5 E-14"" ('E' IS FOR EXPONENT) ":!104,"WARNING:" "-------":E "YOUR QUESTIONS AND NUMBERS SHOW UP"e "ON THE SCREEN ONLY ONCE." "YOU HAD BETTER TAKE NOTES." ::880  --NOTES ON EXPONENTS--  &6 0"NOTE:" :"----": D"YOU MAY ENCOUNTER PROBLEMS ACH OF YOU WILL GET"= |"PRACTICE IN CALCULATING PROBLEMS."C p "YOU ARE ENCOURAGED TO HELP EACH OTHER" "BUT DON'T DO SOMEONE ELSE'S WORK!!!!!!" "--- ----- -- ------- ------ ----":: 880  --THE WARNING--  10  6 --INTRODUCTION-- @' J4 T"THIS PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO GIVE YOU ":"PRACTICE IN VARIOUS TYPES OF PROBLEMS.": ^"AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH PROBLEM," h"YOU WILL BE GIVEN ";NUM;" NUMBER";:NUM1ĺ"S"; m"." r"THIS IS DONE SO EM$(X) XA ::" ANY CORRECTIONS? ";CX$:(CX$,1)"Y"ī150G W X1800:Xo 12:"THANK YOU..." D$"OPEN NAMES" D$"DELETE NAMES" D$"OPEN NAMES" D$"WRITE NAMES" "NUM $X1NUM &NM$(X) (X *D$"CLOSE NAMES"TER GROUP INFO--  F 6:"HOW MANY PEOPLE IN THIS GROUP? ";NUMv NUM1NUM6ĺ"I DON'T THINK SO!":910:150| NUM1Ą"WHAT IS YOUR FIRST NAME? ";NM$(1):250 "WHAT ARE YOUR FIRST NAMES? " X1NUM "PERSON #";X;:" ";N^ D$(4) 230,32:62450: ::8:"LOADING...."RD$"BLOAD MC.TITLE"iD$"BLOAD SCRUNCH"oz2500322:880:d --SETTING UP-- n:xVAR(6),NM$(6),A(6),ANS(6)NUM0:U0:L0:X0:I0:QX0:V$"" --EN    6@@6@a|s|sg@6@9Nysx|O3~ggLsg|LO|[!9Nysq|O3~ggLsg|LO~@^@^@]6wnw~nn_wvwvv{n{_{_oU}6@@}?x?~G6@@@6@@c6@@6@Aq|s|sg@6@6@@6@9Nysc|O3~ggLsg|LOy@^@^@k6wnw~nn?wvwvv{u{?}_oI}6@^@^@w?88lw`qpxw{`~F]A^@6@@a_?t4|G{v_6@@@]C??3s~;wvw.w~6@@6@@6@9Nqcg|3|gg sg8LGy@@6@9N`|sfgf`|@^@^@^@6@^@^@]?87 ~qn?|wwn{_{_G]A6@@]]??7w~{7vwv6@@6@~{wgvvvv6@@6@AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA@6@9N`|?sfg<fp|@9N`<s`<fOO~^@6@9N|s|s@9N`s`fNO|^@^@^@]6{nw~nv_{wwwvw{n{_{_o]}6@@]]?87w^@A6}nw~nz_{wwwvw{`{x_o]}6@@a]?w0w~{ww~6@@6@AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA@@6@@6@Fxs|sg@^@9Nqcx3|Gg cg8LO|^@AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA^@@ *@9Ny3||O3~ggLsg|LO|^@AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA^@^@]6xnwpnp|wwCn{_{_oUa6@@}?w~;w~6@     --------"0(12):0#D20)N7X22:958\b6:"PRESS TO CONTINUE"cl9v"PRESS TO RESTART ";16368,0:T$T$(13)ıT$"R"201880T;36,41:D(5,X);)36,53:D(7,X);<36,66:D(8,X)IX:::T36,19"---------------------------------------------"36,19"INCLUDE THIS SHEET AS PART OF YOUR LAB REPORT"36,19 &"-------------------------------------ALUE LOW VALUE"g"=============================================================================="sX1BB36,6:X;D(4,X)10ĺ" ";36,15:D(4,X);((D(4,X))D(4,X)).05ĺ".0";36,30D(6,X)0ĺ".0";:1740D(6,X)------------------------------"gr" PRESSURE VOLUME 1 / VOLUME"|" ------------------------------------------------------------------"" (BOOKS) AVERAGE UNCERTAINTY AVERAGE HIGH VX)(D(2,X))).05ĺ".0";],D(3,X)10Ĺ36,56:D(3,X);:(D(3,X)(D(3,X))).05ĺ".0";:1610q6D(3,X)101610@36,55:D(3,X);:(D(3,X)(D(3,X))).05ĺ".0";JTX^:"CALCULATIONS:"h"------------------------------------------------D(1,X)10Ĺ36,32:D(1,X);:(D(1,X)(D(1,X))).05ĺ".0";:1550WD(1,X)10155036,31:D(1,X);:(D(1,X)(D(1,X))).05ĺ".0";D(2,X)10Ĺ36,44:D(2,X);:(D(2,X)(D(2,X))).05ĺ".0";:1580D(2,X)101580"36,43:D(2,X);:(D(2,YLE'S LAW ";N1$;" ";N2$.36,23["CHEMISTRY ";"PERIOD: ";Par21:"DATA:"21:"-----"30:"TRIAL I TRIAL II TRIAL III"30:"------- -------- ---------"X1BB36,20:"BOOK ";X;C NOW PRINTING DATA AND CALCULATIONS ----------------------------------------";P"========================================"Z1_(9)"80N"dn12528,7x:36,23#"BO0" --CALC LOW VALUE D(8,Y)-- ? D(8,Y)1(D(4,Y)D(6,Y))dD(8,Y)(1000000D(8,Y))1000000kY( --PRINTING-- 2:8<"========================================";F"----------------------------------------  --CALC AVE DEV D(6,Y)-- 4D1(D(4,Y)D(1,Y))LD2(D(4,Y)D(2,Y))dD3(D(4,Y)D(3,Y))|D(6,Y)(D1D2D3)3D(6,Y)((D(6,Y).05)10)10 --CALC HIGH VALUE D(7,Y)-- D(7,Y)1(D(4,Y)D(6,Y))D(7,Y)(1000000D(7,Y))100000 --CALCULATIONS-- 7V21:958:22:17::"THANKS":C`Y1BBbj --CALC AVERAGE D(4,Y)-- tD(4,Y)(D(1,Y)D(2,Y)D(3,Y))3~D(4,Y)((D(4,Y).05)10)10 --CALC 1/AVE D(5,Y)-- D(5,Y)1D(4,Y)D(5,Y)(1000000D(5,Y))1000000BI26:TI122".... "4BI26:TI122F16368,0:G$_G$(13)D$""1010yG$(13)D$""1080G$(8)(D$)2980$G$(8)D$(D$,((D$)1)):G$;:1020.D$D$G$:G$;:10208D(TI,BI)(D$)B21:958:920L0pD$D$G$:G$;:830+zD(TI,BI)(D$)5T:BA22:11g16368,0:"ANY CORRECTIONS? ";C$~(C$,1)"Y"110022:95816368,0:"BOOK #";BI:BIBBBI1ĺ(7):95016368,0:"TRIAL #";TI:TI3TI1ĺ(7):950D$"" INPUT-- B8(BB3)22-T1034127D$""D BIB23TTI(T2)12^ B:Tj*"...."t4B:T>16368,0:G$HG$(13)D$""800RG$(13)D$""890\G$(8)(D$)2D$"":800fG$(8)D$(D$,((D$)1)):G$;:83 --DATA INPUT SCREEN-- H2:15:"DATA INPUT":15:"----------"v5:9:"TRIAL I TRIAL II TRIAL III"9:"------- -------- ---------"B8(BB3)22:B:"BOOK ";B23T103412B:T:"...."T:B  --DATATA IS TYPED IN."D1880 NWX3:12:"ANOTHER QUESTION":12:"----------------"b7:16368,0:"HOW MANY BOOKS DID YOU USE? ";BBlBB7BB2Ģ7:958:(7):610v8:95820:12:16368,0:"ANY CORRECTIONS? ";C$:(C$,1)"Y"560LATIONS FOR EXPERIMENT 4."r::"IF YOU TELL ME YOUR DATA, I WILL PERFORMTHE CALCULATIONS AS WE DID IN CLASS."|&18800::9:"NOTE:":"-----":"DO NOT WORRY IF YOU MAKE A MISTAKE..... I WILL GIVE YOU A CHANCE TO MAKE CHANGESAFTER ALL THE DAECT ANSWER WAS: ";A j :"PLEASE STUDY YOUR HANDOUT AND TRY AGAIN! SEE YOU AROUND, ";N1$t 1880| 20 ::3:"VERY GOOD, ";N1$ TM110:(7);: "YOU ARE CORRECT!!!":"NOW, I WOULD LIKE TO HELP YOU WITH YOUR CALCU.05)10)10* "YOUR ANSWER, ";N1$;"? ";? 16368,0:"";ANP AN6.02500 ((10AN.5)10AN).1ĺ"YOUR ANSWER HAS TOO MANY DIGITS!"::390 (ANA).1500 : "I AM TRULY SORRY, ";N1$ :" YOUR ANSWER WAS: ";AN:" THE CORR ---------". "A1AB:5:A1;:B0B1ĺ".0";R ,A2AC:17:A2;:C0C1ĺ".0";v 6A3AD:29:A3;:D0D1ĺ".0";~ @"" J T" CALCULATE THE AVERAGE DEVIATION." ^34,10 hA(A1A2A3)3 rA((A1A)(A2A)(A3A))3 |A((A THANKS!" 1880 :36 14:"THE QUESTION"N 14:"------------"b A(15(1)10)w B(4(1))2.5 C(4(1))2.5 D(4(1))2.5 :"GIVEN THE DATA:"::" TRIAL I TRIAL II TRIAL III ------- -------- 10:"PERSONAL INFORMATION": x10:"--------------------"A 7n 16368,0:"ENTER YOUR FIRST NAME: ";N1$t 16368,0:"ENTER YOUR LAST NAME: ";N2$ :" HELLO, ";N1$;"," :16368,0:"THIS IS PERIOD: ";P :"  D(10,10):6O("----------------------------------------";j211:" BOYLE'S LAW"<11:"CALCULATION PROGRAM"F"----------------------------------------"P14:5:"(ANOTHER PROGRAM BY P.C.GROVES)"Z1880d:3 n     (13)FLAG13000X#ZZ$"R"Ĺ104,8:2048,0::10:"NOW LOADING YOUR PROGRAM":(4)F$l#23:958:5000#p23:6:16368,0:"PRESS TO CONTINUE ";ZZ$:UE ";ZZ$:XANGE OVER SEVERAL TIME PERIODS ALLOWS THE STUDENT TO OBSERVE THE EQUILIBRIUM."o"F$"RUN ACID STRENGTH":5000w"20"23:2:"PRESS TO RETURN TO THE MENU PRESS TO RUN THE PROGRAM";:16368,0:ZZ$"ZZ$(13)FLAG020#ZZ$!"--THIS PROGRAM ALLOWS THE STUDENT TO GIVE A NUMBER BETWEEN 1 AND 10 WHICH IS THE TENDENCY FOR AN ACID TO DISSOCIATE."N":"--BOXES CHANGE COLOR TO REPRESENT ACID MOLECULES DISSOCIATE AND REASSOCIATE FORA GIVEN TIME PERIOD. WATCHING THE BOXESCH THE FIRST ISSUE OF THE NEW ACS PUBLICA- TION FOR STUDENTS, CHEMMATTERS.":a BF$"RUN BALLOON"k L5000 t:3:"ACID STRENGTH":"-------------": ~"--THIS IS ANOTHER SIMULATION PROGRAM WHICH IS FEATURED IN THE SECOND ISSUE OFCHEMMATTERS.":}RE OR THE TEMPERATURE OF THE BALLOON AND SEE THE RESULTING CHANGE IN VOLUME.":."--THIS IS DESIGNED TO SIMPLY BE PLAYED WITH TO GIVE THE STUDENT A MORE GRAPHIC IDEA OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN P,V &T."L 8"--THIS PROGRAM IS THE ONE FEATURED IN R) CAN BYPASS THE QUESTION BY TYPING IN '6.02' AS THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION.":{ F$"RUN LAB CALC--BOYLE'S LAW":5000:3:"BALLOON":"-------":"--THIS IS A SIMULATION OF A BALLOON FULLOF AN IDEAL GAS.":S$"--YOU CAN CHANGE THE PRESSU"--THE STUDENT MUST ANSWER A QUESTION ABOUT THE AVERAGE DEVIATION OF THREE DATA VALUES BEFORE THE COMPUTER WILL HELP HIM OUT.":R "--YOU MUST HAVE A PRINTER CONNECTED TO THE COMPUTER TO RUN THIS PROGRAM ALL THEWAY THROUGH. YOU (AS THE TEACHE SIMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS."Kp F$"RUN QUIZ ON MOLAR MASSES":5000 :3:"LAB CALC--BOYLE'S LAW":"---------------------": "--THIS PROGRAM DOES THE CALCULATIONS FORTHE 'SYRINGE EXPERIMENT' FROM THE PARRY AND DIETZ CHEMSTUDY BOOK.": OTHER QUIZ WRITTEN IN CON- JUNCTION WITH MY STUDENT, PETER QUINN.":\ "--THIS IS A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ ON SOMECOMMON MOLAR MASSES WHICH I WOULD LIKE MY STUDENTS TO HAVE IN THEIR SIGHT MEMORY.":#f "--THE PROGRAM COULD BE CHANGED TO USE ANYENCE CAN BE WRITTEN AS '2-', '-2', OR '--'.": "--ALL OF THE SYMBOLS ARE UNFORTUNATELY WRITTEN IN UPPER CASE BECAUSE OF THE COMPUTER." F$"RUN VALENCE DRILL":5000H :3:"QUIZ ON MOLAR MASSES":"--------------------":ER "--THIS IS ANLENCE DRILL":"-------------": "--ANOTHER DRILL WRITTEN IN CONJUNCTION WITH PETER QUINN. THIS ONE IS A TIMED DRILL ON THE VALENCES OF SOME COMMON IONS.":0 "--THE ANSWERS MAY BE ENTERED IN SEVERAL WAYS. FOR OXIDE, AS AN EXAMPLE, THE VALTHE NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES IN A MEASUREMENT.": "--THE NUMBERS IN THE QUIZ ARE TOO EASY RIGHT NOW TO BE MUCH OF A CHALLENGE, BUT THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF A GOOD PROGRAM." F$"RUN SIGNIFICANT FIGURE DRILL" 5000 :3 "VAIGURE DRILL ------------------------": "--THIS IS A DRILL ON SIGNIFICANT FIGURESWRITTEN IN CONJUNCTION WITH ONE OF MY STUDENTS, PETER QUINN.":6 "--THE DRILL ALLOWS STUDENTS TO QUIZ THE COMPUTER OR HAVE THE COMPUTER QUIZ THEM ON UIZ ON MOLAR MASSES":9 "(4) LAB CALC--BOYLE'S LAW":N "(5) BALLOON":i "(6) ACID STRENGTH": "(7) *** RETURN TO OTHER MENU ***":: "YOUR CHOICE: ";A$ (A$)3200,3300,3400,3500,3600,3700,20& 3000 :36 "SIGNIFICANT FO EACH OTHER."?yF$"BLOAD RUNTIME"(13)(4)"BRUN QM3.OBJ"Iz5000[ ::4:FLAG1 "MORE CHEMISTRY PROGRAMS--BY P.C.GROVES --------------------------------------": "(1) SIGNIFICANT FIGURE DRILL": "(2) VALENCE DRILL": "(3) Q PRESS AND THE COMPU-TER WILL DRAW A PROBABILTY DIAGRAM USINGTHE INFORMATION FROM YOUR CURVE.":u"--THE CURVE YOU (OR YOUR STUDENTS) DRAW DOESN'T HAVE TO HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITHREAL PSI CURVES, THE IDEA IS SIMPLY TO SEE HOW THE TWO RELATE T------":k"--AN 'ELECTRONIC BLACKBOARD' WHICH HELPSDEMONSTRATE THE TRANSITION FROM A PSI^2 PROBABILITY CURVE WHICH COMES FROM THE QUANTUM MECHANICS MATH TO AN ELECTRON PROBABILITY DIAGRAM."ip:"--BY USING 4 KEYS, YOU BUILD UP YOUR OWNPSI CURVE,IONS, HE/SHE WILL BE ABLE TO PLAYA SIMPLE GAME.":\"--THE CALCULATIONS ARE TIMED, THE FASTERTHE ANSWERS ARE GIVEN, THE MORE THEY GETTO PLAY THE GAME."`F$"RUN THE MOLE GAME--PART I"a5000 f:3:"(5) QUANTUM MECHANICS I":" -------------:3:"(4) MOLES IN SPACE":" --------------":M"--A SIMPLE DRILL IN CALCULATING MOLES IFGIVEN THE GRAMS OF SUBSTANCE.":R"--SOME OF THE LESS COMMON COMPOUNDS HAVETHE MOLAR MASSES GIVEN.":2W"--WHEN THE STUDENT SUCCESSFULLY ANSWERS 3 QUESTIO-ACTIVE DECAY.":>"--A PRINTER IS NEEDED TO RECEIVE A HARD COPY OF THE DATA, BUT YOU CAN RUN THIS PROGRAM WITHOUT A PRINTER IF YOU ANSWER NO WHEN ASKED FOR A PRINTOUT.":AF$"BLOAD RUNTIME"(13)(4)"BRUN RADIOACTIVE DECAY.OBJ"C50002HLATION OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY WHICH HELPS CLARIFY THE MEANING OF THE WORD 'DECAY' AND PRODUCES DECAY DATA WHICH MAY BE PLOTTED TO DETERMINE 1/2 LIFE GRAPHICALLY.":4"--THE 'DECAY' IN THE TITLE IS A COMMON IDEA OF DECAY, BUT IT IS NOT LIKE RADOINT OUT WHAT INFORMATION IS GIVEN BY A REACTION EQUATION OF AN EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEM. WHATINFORMATION IS NOT GIVEN BY THE EQUATIONIS ALSO DEMONSTRATED."F$"RUN AN EQUILIBRIUM SIMULATION" 5000%:3*"(3) DECAY":" -----":/"--A SIMUINCIPLE BY USING LO-RES GRAPHICS TO REPRESENT THE RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF REACTANTS AND PROD- UCTS." :"--THIS PROGRAM USES THE EQUILIBRIUM BE- TWEEN HYDROGEN GAS, IODINE GAS, AND THE PRODUCT, HYDROGEN IODIDE GAS.":"--YOU CAN USE THIS PROGRAM TO PHE PROGRAM, YOU MAY USE THE COMPUTER AS A CALCULATOR BY TYPING -999 AS YOUR ANSWER."u F$"RUN MOLE CALCULATIONS" 5000 :3 "(2) EQUILIBRIUM":" -----------":a "--AN 'ELECTRONIC BLACKBOARD' WHICH HELPSDEMONSTRATE LE CHATELIER'S PRT EACH STUDENT IN THE GROUP IS GIVEN A DIFFERENT NUMBER TO CALCULATE FROM."Q  "--A PICTURE ACCOMPANIES EACH PROBLEM TO HELP THE STUDENT VISUALIZE THE PROBLEM. MANY OF THE FIRST FILES ON THIS DISK AREA PART OF THIS PROGRAM. " V "--DURING THOICE? ";A$6 d((A$))2010,2050,2085,2120,2150,3000> i20G :3 "(1) MOLE CALCULATIONS":" FOR SIX PEOPLE AT A TIME":" ------------------------":K "--A DRILL OF MOLE CONVERSIONS USING UNITANALYSIS. THE PROBLEMS ARE SET UP SO THA-----------------":O ("(1) MOLE CALCULATIONS":" SIX PEOPLE AT A TIME":h 2"(2) EQUILIBRIUM":{ <"(3) DECAY": F"(4) MOLES IN SPACE": P"(5) QUANTUM MECHANICS I": U"(6) *** SEE NEXT MENU OF PROGRAMS ***":: Z16368,0:"YOUR C*23:7:"PRESS TO CONTINUE"816368,0E X0999c X100(X100)Ĺ16301,0 (X20)100((X20)100)Ĺ16302,0(16384)12720X:::4:FLAG0 "SOME CHEMISTRY PROGRAMS--BY P.C.GROVES ---------------------          (4)"RUN HELLO2" /?` THE PICTURE ONLY COMES THE FIRST TIME YOU RUN THE HELLOV`ZZ(842):ZZ320a`842,3~`::10::" LOADING ":`230,32:62450` (4)"BLOAD SCRUNCH"` (4)"BLOAD CHEMTITLE,A$4000"` :16302,0` 25003`104,96:24576,0a pO@w}cs p~`@? p?|pxcq8GI1FaIsO#F?gqxp| p}|Gg@~ pn]w~nvnn|xl lm |??;p?|p p{` pnm]w~a]}]]]Y]ww~C;w9wpA~Opx | pyp~~?D ``>py x p`@?s:po? ~s p :py p_ p`|pa?xxaC`G| pn]Opnfnn:ommMmm}WO?Cpp~ p{OOY;f}~g pon ]CCCCceCww~];w;wp~@c pO|w|og pc"D $d b0 BDDDDD( ?~y p |:p{GssO p8pa|xaC?x~ p~sw_g|g? pp~pxcq8bI1>FqxO#>F?qxx p}gOgO|sywoLO~ pp pg?|7?~~|g pA|pC#'`rHcqs<<88<bpqCO pyp~~?~:pq?|?xO pp@ypO| p~ @? p |pxcq8p 1>F~!>F"px| p|poo@~ pn]?~anavpom.n~_C{p` pypw`? po}_w]_w.]9w7wpx@:pc@g p|p}~?|:pc |O pp`} |lCq  `@ [n >pO y p p:p{ pO p ppcG3~1Hx| p|cooO~sg{oosO~ p?nM;~n~_~W?{{p| pyOo\;N{so~g? p~_wa__c{8pxp`| pg?>Z`O?~Oxg p D "<``N]Aw30pq| p `:psOsqo p `p p|cwsg? p|pxC1g 1FqIs?0Fp~ pw`_mO|xO p}:pGxps p|p{?|A|>pC#'`rHcABD8xDDbpgq~g px?~[{ p| `? pxpx0!pGs px D1@9~ p~q_@~ p^G`~q~?Wp p}p_}`?~ p?xy p?~`w~?GyA"D $$"BA$DD$DpO s pg|?@g?| D x ""``LYA{33?p @| p @:ps po p p~sgO'~|sO?~ pp p}Gg^sL\wy?xHg?~ ppp` pw?Z f_ms{OqO p=v~}SaSCC]S{w~aqxxx:p.333p?~gc?~ p @`?pwxg p ~:p}gwsc p8px#x8!pAGp~A  xD p pomm\w~}M_M]}]Mywv~_;77w`p~~| p?~G`o~?`yI"D $$"  BP@Dd|$pAy pg~?`?D ""`gLYAxpxcqpGG p~|@?~ pp?pA p`Ax?xA|L$p p}|z@~ p?~ivqi6xo=l|WGCGpx ps@?l|pOpA<p?| `?~ p`@?x`?pg |g p ~:p} p p pn]{~fvnfzwo]nomlW;?;pp psO[pOqoc pmm]w~}]c]]A]]w~_;w7w`p?|?~ p`_}?qsI<D $$" ps aA?|s p ~:pyg{s_ pppgc|qpGgG p~swO'ygpg? pp?pA pp p`8 p~ p}gs_w]}s}g=wMG~@@,pp?pp pq`o}sU"D $$" P @"DDDDDTp?|?x?x?~ psp?~?a@ ` @Agp|q p`?s:pg?~          ";ZZ$:23:1:868:O0LV0LV023:0,4LV,4:142,4142RV,4S3:0,5LV,5:142,5142RV,5t6:0,7LT,7:142,7142RT,76:0,8LT,8:142,8142RT,8 ' '-------------- ' HIT  '--------------'23:1:16368,0:"HIT  THETA1.45PI8 .4R(THETA)XX,.4R(THETA)YYD XT,YTJ b------------------y THERMOMETER DRAW------------------0:TH08:0,TH279,TH:TH1:0,1LP,1:142,1142RP,11:0,2LP,2:142,2142RP,2RV0RVb -----------------*l DRAW REFLECTIONAv -----------------S THETA1.16PI XT.35R(THETA)XX:YT.35R(THETA)YY:XT,YT THETA1.16PI .65R(THETA)XX,.65R(THETA)YY THETA1.31PI .7R(THETA)XX,.7R(THETA)YY  THETA -------------/ DRAW BOTTOMB -------------R THETA.5PIv XR(THETA)XX:YR(THETA)YY& X,Y0 THETA.4PI: 1.3R(THETA)XX,1.3R(THETA)YYD THETA.6PIN 1.3R(THETA)XX,1.3R(THETA)YYX X,YR2((.75V2)PI).33333+R2(R2.5)401D -------------V DRAW CIRCLEi ------------- XR(0)XX:YR(0)YY 3:X,Y THETA02.1PI2PI(R510) XR(THETA)XX:YR(THETA)YY CLICK(16336)(16336) X,Y.25).25V2(.0821T2)P2DV29.999V2(V210.5)10:2009kV2.999V2(V2100.5)100:2009V20V2(V21000.5)1000:2009LV(V11).3:RV(V21).3LT(T1136)2:RT(T2136)2R1((.75V1)PI).33333R1(R1.5)40 CHOOSE ANOTHER NUMBER ":TM11400:TM:DwV41.41010VyQ$"P"P2Q2h~Q$"T"T2Q2n2000:TRANSLATOR4000:THERMOMETERFLAG11010------------ TRANSLATOR------------ LP(P1.25).25:RP(P2TRY AGAIN.":TM11400:TM:1010nQ$"T"(Q2410Q2136)ė:22:"SORRY...NUMBER OUT OF RANGE..TRY AGAIN.":TM11400:TM:1010tQ$"P"V(.0821T2)Q2uQ$"T"V(.0821Q2)P23vV41.4ė::22:" YOU'RE GOING TO POP THE BALLOON CHANGE VALUE "; 8---INPUT---(BQ$JLQ$"P"Q$"T"ĺ(7);:1060[`24:1:868ue"NEW VALUE FOR ";Q$;fQ$"P"ĺ" (.25-34.25): ";gQ$"T"ĺ" (136-410): ";j"";Q2 lQ$"P"(Q234.25Q2.25)ė:22:"SORRY...NUMBER OUT OF RANGE.. INPUT--------------,---SCREEN---6:21Y:4:"BEFORE";:23:"AFTER":|21:11:"P=";P1;:29:"P=";P222:11:"V=";V1;:29:"V=";V223:11:"T=";T1;:29:"T=";T2$24:1)FLAG1FLAG0:." PRESS

OR TO (81)ĉ::10:"SEE YOU LATER.":<ZZZ$(13)ĺ(7);:340F^P1P2VhT1T2:V1V2\mpr::XX69:YY77|2000:TRANSLATORRR13000:BALLOON DRAW4000: DRAW THERMOMETER300-------------- DRAW SCREEN & DATA4000: THERMOMETER DRAW0)-----------------F* CENTRAL PROGRAM]+-----------------t,1000:DATA SCREEN62000:TRANSLATOR@RR2:XX211:YY77J3000:DRAW BALLOONT24:1:868:" TO CONTINUE TO QUIT ";:ZZ$ YZZ$:"GOOD LUCK!"99994----------------------O INITIALIZE VARIABLESk----------------------yPI3.1415XX69:YY77P11:P21V122.4:V222.4T1273:T22732000: TRANSLATORRR13000: BALLOON DRAW:"THE LINES ARE NOT MARKED ON THE HI-RES SCREEN. YOU HAD BETTER MAKE NOTE OF THEORDER -- P, V, T."o 9999x :5 "PLAY WITH THIS MODEL...": "THE VARIABLES P, V, & T ARE VERY CLOSELYRELATED.":"FIGURE OUT THE RELATIONSHIPS.":::20:X! }TM1700:TM:3:19:"T"G ~X111:3:X:"-";:19X:"-":X 9:16:"PRESSURE":17:"VOLUME":14:"TEMPERATURE" 9999:4:1:958 :"THIS EXAMPLE SHOWS: HIGH PRESSURE":21:"LOW VOLUME, AND":21:"MEDIUM TEMPERATURE."e 9999:15 --PRESSURE DUE TO THE BALLOON."; dTM1200:TM:9999| n:5:"THE LINES AT THE TOP OF THE SCREEN WILL REPRESENT..." sTM1700:TM:1:19:"P" tX115:1:X:"-";:19X:"-":X xTM1700:TM:2:19:"V" yX15:2:X:"-";:19X:"-"M1200:TM <9999Z A20:"THE BALLOON CONTAINS ONE MOLE OF AN 'IDEAL' GAS (HELIUM)."r FTM1200:TM:9999~ P::10 U"NOTE:":" THE PRESURE USED IS ASSUMED TO BE THE TOTAL PRESSURE WHICH INCLUDES:"# Z" --AIR PRESSURE AND":" ME OFTHE CHANGES WHICH TAKE PLACE WHEN A TEMPERATURE OR PRESSURECHANGE OCCURS TO A BALLOON."o ,TM1200:TMy -9999 213:"UNITS USED ARE:":15:" PRESSURE (ATMOSPHERES)" 7" VOLUME (LITERS), AND TEMPERATURE (KELVINS).": 8T--------------( INTRODUCTION<--------------D :U33,30:32,53:8:"----------------":8:"AN IDEAL BALLOON":8:"----------------":#12:" A PROGRAM BY P.C.GROVES":9999$7:1:958] ("THIS PROGRAM SIMULATES SO         17,03:818,96$ $ +$ PARAMETERS:2$ I$ MUSIC CALL 800b$& TIME POKE 1,---{$0 PITCH POKE 0,---$: F2120 # )# -------------------------:# MUSICY# -------------------------_# # 800,173:801,48:802,192:803,136# 804,208:805,4:806,198:807,1:808,240# 809,8:810,202:811,208:812,246:813,166 $ 814,0:815,76:816,32:8T LARGE NUMBERS.":2240~"I3A2C(1)100A2C(2)100ĺ:"CHOOSE A SMALLER NUMBER.":"I CANNOT PLOT LARGE NUMBERS.":2240"""OK":C(I)C(I)A""YOU NOW HAVE:""C(I);" MOLECULES OF ";I$(I):""ANY CORRECTIONS? ";A$# (A$,1)"Y"Ģ58!"PRESENTLY,":"YOU HAVE ";C(I);" MOLECULES OF: "K!" ";I$(I):!" TO ADD CHEMICAL INPUT A + VALUE":"TO REMOVE CHEMICAL INPUT A - VALUE"!:A0!"INPUT A VALUE: ";A"I3AC(I)100ĺ:"CHOOSE A SMALLER NUMBER.":"I CANNOT PLO-----------------------------> 4 ADD (OR REMOVE) CHEMICALSa >-----------------------------i H: R"WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING":"WOULD YOU LIKE TO CHANGE:": \I13 f" <";I;"> ";I$(I) pI z:"CHOOSE: ";I I3I12120 !EACH:":I13#"--";I$(I)*C~I3C90ĺ:"CHOOSE A SMALLER NUMBER.":"I CAN'T PLOT BIG NUMBERS"::C0:2000C02000" YOU SAID: ";C;" MOLECULES"" WANT TO CHANGE? ";A$:(A$,1)"Y"C(I)C:I: 2000 *---::I13:C(I)0:Id"ALL OF THE REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS":"ARE GASES IN THIS EXAMPLE":"ANY OR ALL OF THE GASES":"MAY BE ADDED TO THE REACTION MIXTURE":"---------------------------------------":"INPUT THE NUMBER OF MOLECULES OF "?16368,0%D:"CHOOSE...";A$:ID$(4): CTRL-DKNA$"1"1920\XA$"2"2090jbA$"3"ılA$"4"ĉ::15:"THE END."qv1790----------------------------- DEFINE ORIG. CONCENTRATIONS---------------------------------------------+ SETTING UP CONCG----------------------O:W10"--------":"OPTIONS:":"--------"" <1> DEFINE ORIGINAL CONCENTRATIONS"&" <2> ADD CHEMICALS TO SHIFT EQUILIBRIUM"0" <3> NO CHANGES":" <4> QUIT":"IF THIS ENERGY IS ABOVE THE ACTIVATION":"ENERGY...THE COLLISION IS EFFECTIVE."]1750:"A TONE WILL BE HEARD":"FOR EACH EFFECTIVE COLLISION."1750" PRESS TO CONTINUE";:A$255:I14000:I:---":"MOLECULES IN THE MIXTURE.":*h1750tr"THIS CONSTITUTES THE NUMBER OF":"POSSIBLY EFFECTIVE COLLISIONS.":~|1750"FOR EACH OF THE POSSIBLY EFFECTIVE":"COLLISIONS, A RANDOMLY GENERATED NUMBER"S"GIVES THE KINETIC ENERGY OF COLLISION. ARE:"X@"---WITH THE CORRECT MOLECULE, AND":"---ARE STRONG ENOUGH TO BE EFFECTIVE."bJ1750T:"OUT OF EVERY 100 COLLISIONS,":"THE CHANCE THAT THE MOLECULES WHICH ":"COLLIDE ARE THE CORRECT MOLECULES," ^"IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE % OF CORRECTUDIED WILL BE:"," "\"H + I <===> 2HI", " 2 2 ","///"|-------------------------- EXTRA INFO--------------------------"200,6"THIS SIMULATION IS BASED ON ":"THE % OF COLLISIONS WHICH"WILL ALLOW YOU TO WATCH A REACTION","ACTUALLY COME TO EQUILIBRIUM."," ""IT WILL ALSO ALLOW YOU","TO CHOOSE THE STARTING SOLUTIONS AND""EVEN CHANGE CONCENTRATIONS","ONCE EQUILIBRIUM HAS BEEN REACHED."," "" "," ","THE REACTION ST------------------------"Fj23:6:"PRESS TO CONTINUE ";A$Qn:255YxI$nI$"///"ĩ255:I1(40(I$))2" ";II$1400 " "," ""THIS COMPUTER SIMULATION OF A SIMPLE","CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM"L-----------if:10:"----------------------------------------========================================"g3:"AN INTERACTIVE CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM"h6:"ANOTHER PROGRAM BY P.C.GROVES"i:"========================================----------------";:30:"HI: ";C(3);" "L 23:"REVERSE: "u23:"REVERSE: ";R;" REACT PER 100"~620(S(16384)2S127Ĺ16368,0:1760:60<950FP-----------------------Z INTRODUCTION d----------------------)P(3)C(3)(C(1)C(2)C(3))1R0MI1(P(3)P(3)1001)bJ(100(.5)1)qJRH1270::::::::MUSIC::::::::RR1C(1)C(1)1:C(2)C(2)1:C(3)C(3)2C(3)0ĂI21:" H2: ";C(1);" ";:16:"I2: ";C(2);" I: ";C(3);" "Bj22:"FORWARD: "kt22:"FORWARD: ";F;" REACT PER 100"t~42024:5:"HIT TO MAKE CHANGES";:21:1----------------------------- THE REVERSE REACTION -------------------)C(I)(C(1)C(2)C(3))I&F0BI1(P(1)P(2)1001)W$J(100(.5)1)f.JFH1110{8:::::MUSIC:::::BFF1LC(1)C(1)1:C(2)C(2)1:C(3)C(3)2VC(1)0C(2)0ĂI`21:" H2: ";C(1);" ";:16:"I2: ";C(2);" ";:30:"H0:---EXTRA INFO---60!@-------------------------U THE REACTIONt-------------------------------------------------- THE FORWARD REACTION-------------------------C(1)0C(2)0F0:1120I12P(I1HIR)\1360:---INTRODUCTION[f23:" PRESS TO CONTINUE";:A$p1760:---SETTING UP THE EQUILIBRIUMz:15" THE REACTION WILL NOW START":"WOULD YOU LIKE SOME MORE INFORMATION? ";A$(A$,1)"Y"İ1541X16X11:Y1Y11.Y11Y10:7209X1,Y1O0,200:1,20:800VIc3:H2GqIG11}X2X21X212X27:Y2Y21Y21Y20:790X2,Y2 I0 IH11*X3,Y34X3X31>X327X337:Y3Y36X211:Y2Y21 I 4+ &IH117 0X3X31P :X338X328:Y3Y31b DY31Y30:m NX3,Y3t XIz b l------------------------------ v CHANGE PIC--REVERSE ------------------------------ 2:GR IR11X1X1# --------------------------->  CHANGE PIC--FORWARD_ ---------------------------j 0:GFx IF11 X1,Y1 0,100:1,20:800 X1X11 X10X15:Y1Y11 I 0:H2G IG11 X2,Y2 X2X21 X2ЭC(2)0X26:290 3) IC(2)114 X2,Y2@ X2X21X X212X27:Y2Y21m Y20Y21:X211t I "X328:Y335 ,C(3)0X327: 64 @IC(3)11 JX3,Y3 TX3X31 ^X338X328:Y3Y31 hY30Y31:X337 rI |----- U Z:15f d0,1420:15,19:12,1816:17,11:18,2210:23,11:12,3424:25,35:26,3836m n2| xX11:Y119 C(1)0X10:200 IC(1)11 X1,Y1 X1X11 X16X11:Y1Y11 Y10Y11:X15 I X27:Y219 ********* 3000 :4 C(1)0:C(2)0:C(3)0 I$(1)"HYDROGEN GAS (H2)":I$(2)"IODINE GAS (I2)":I$(3)"HYDROGEN IODIDE GAS (HI)" (FH10:RH90 2860 <---------------------------- F DRAWING THE PICTURE P-----------------------"***************************C** (C) COPYRIGHT 1982 **d** BY PAUL C. GROVES **** SOUTH PASADENA H S **** 1401 FREMONT AVENUE **** SOUTH PASADENA, CA **** 91030 ** ******************""!!! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!       TRY ANOTHER ROUND";:16368,0:A$:A$(13)ī339BrA$(32)300Kw360Q23:6:16368,0:"PRESS TO CONTINUE";A$:1000::8:868:24:13:16368,0:"PRESS ";A$:24:868:"------": Y) XCLICK(16336)(16336)CYNDC15Ġ1:X,Y:NDND1:350aZNDC1Ġ15:X,Y:NDND1h^ZtcTITI1hPC(ND4.5)::21:"TIME: ";TI;" % DISSOCIATED = ";PC" % "l23:"HIT TO RESTART"0m24:"HIT TO OLECULE IS NOW BEING CHECKED TO SEE WHETHER IT DISSOCIATES. WE WILL KEEP COUNT TO SEE IF SOME SORT OF EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED.";PTM13000:TMQND0:NU400:TI0SZ1100TX2(20(1)):Y2(20(1)):N(100(1).5):CX,NTROL. HERE ARE SOME NEW ACID MOLECULES. WHAT IS THEIR TENDENCY TO DISSOCIATE? (REMEMBER 10 IS HIGH AND 1 IS LOW)";I325J23:1:16368,0:"WHAT IS THEIR TENDENCY TO DISSOCIATE?";D:D1D10330L216,0MDD2O:"EACH M 21:16:T$(X):TM150:TM7X1āTM1500:TM>XLX511YX1Ġ15d20,2921:16:T$(X):TM150:TMX"TM1200:TM:Z'1020,::15:X03821Y03826X,Y@Y:XE"NOW YOU CAN HAVE SOME COBOX WHEN IT IS UNDISSOCIATED, AND AS A COLORED BOX WHEN DISSOCIATED."Q1020WnT$(1)" HX "T$(2)" H+X- "T$(3)" H+ X- "T$(4)" H+ X- "T$(5)"H+ X-"15Z14X15X1Ġ120,29AS ACETIC ACID, A"::"VALUE OF 1 WOULD BE APPROPRIATE."B1010"WE WILL FIRST LOOK AT THE BEHAVIOR OF"::"ONE MOLECULE OF HX AND THEN AT A GROUP"::"OF THE ACID MOLECULES."1010:G"WE WILL REPRESENT THE ACID MOLECULE AS A WHITE ACETIC ACID TENDS TO STAY TOGETHER.". 1010 "FOR THE ACID, HX, YOU WILL GIVE ME A "::"NUMBER (BETWEEN 1 AND 10) WHICH DEFINES"::"THE TENDENCY FOR THE ACID TO DISSOCIATE.":"10 WOULD BE A STRONG ACID, SUCH AS HCL.":8"FOR A WEAK ACID, SUCH THIS PROGRAM, WE WILL USE A GENERAL"::"ACID WITH THE GENERAL FORMULA, HX."::"THIS DISSOCIATES INTO H+ AND X- IONS." 1010$ "EVERY ACID HAS A DEFINITE TENDENCY TO"::"DISSOCIATE AND RE-ASSOCIATE."::"HCL'S TENDENCY IS TO DISSOCIATE WHILE"::" CON-"::"CENTRATION OF H+ IONS IS ABOUT AS LARGE"::"AS THE ORIGINAL CONCENTRATION OF ACID."i 1010 "ON THE OTHER HAND, ACETIC ACID IS A WEAK":"ACID BECAUSE IT DOES NOT DISSOCIATE VERY":"WELL. THE H+ CONCENTRATION IS LOW." 1010w "IN 3" 1010 "ONE OF THE FACTORS WHICH MAKES ONE ACID"::"STRONGER THAN ANOTHER IS HOW EASILY IT"::"'DISSOCIATES' INTO A NEGATIVE ION AND A" :"POSITIVE HYDROGEN ION, OR PROTON (H+)." 1010_ "HCL DISSOCIATES VERY WELL, SO THE +24 ,TM180:TM% -T$(X):X, 2Z> 7TM1500:TMh <13:"ANOTHER PROGRAM BY PAUL GROVES"r F1000{ d:8 n"THEORY":"------" x"HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCL) IS A STRONG ACID" }"AND"::"ACETIC ACID (CH COOH) IS A WEAK ACID.  :-10:"A STUDY OF ACID STRENGTH"@TM11000:TMST$(1)"H "fT$(2)"-H+ "yT$(3)"- H+ "T$(4)"- H+ "T$(5)"- H+"Z13X15:10!24"TM180:TM#T$(X):X$Z350(X511:10""" " " " " """""""