' +JJJJ ?\>m0M='+l> /+l   d]@ŵLҦ]]LF L}BBL]$$8HIL,նh, ,`, ,`, , ,:/8` 鷎귭෍ᷩ췩緈JJJJx Lȿ L8ᷭ緍췩 緍i 8 `巬 췌`x (`(8`I`B` ``>J>J>VU)?`8'x0|&HhHh VY)'&Y)xꪽ)' `Hh`V0^*^*>&` aI꽌ɪVɭ&Y&&Y& 꽌ɪ\8`&&꽌ɪɖ'*&%&,E'зЮ꽌ɪФ`+*xS&x'8*3Ixix&& 8  '  & x)*++`FG8`0($ p,&"ųųೳŪŪųųij  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?   1 '" *"( (9"1 ( ,.(0# 2  /#0/#0 *?'#07#00/0/'#07#0:"4<*55/**5/*%5/)1/)1/)1/)'#0/#0*5/*75/**5/*:5//#0/#0'#07#0:::*::'#07#0"):$(%"%:$(%"%$$2%4%$$2%4%$(2()!)E(!8b $!H(+ "@H !D)"E` @ $ C ` DQ &J80^݌Hh ü ü݌ ռ ռ ռA ļD ļ? ļAEDE?HJ>h Լ ռ ռ ռ`HJ>݌h Hh݌`葠葠ȔЖȔЖȠHIHHHHhHH݌hHhHh݌H6 VDP (ED Z $0x8x D- ܸDD# H8`?E Vk *f???0xE Hh D#-EEE8` D ܸx D - ܸx8`-0ݩ?ʥD EEE`   LDcpq` [` ~  LӜu`".Q`pNФbptťܥm2<(-Py0\|e<6e<g< JJJJj귍hI  aUL@ kU8  L  Q^R(jQ0l^l\  wUuW ԧ H h@ [_ /QSIRb_L`LLLL`ª`LQLYLeLXLeLee ўQH\(h0L& Ꝥ$`( R \ZLl8 ўR HH\`\Z[YS6`LxQɿu3'RͲʎRʎ]]]ɍuL͟ɍ}RLRɍg^H8 ^hZLɍR LͲɊRR% QLܤͲ Z@ -^ ş\[Z QY\[Z8`l6Lş_Ȍb_Ͳ] )Y h( ֭ͲLɍ [LLĦ__ ^ 9 LҦ3 9 a   0LjLY u< (_9 ˭ɠuɠK_9 ?LˆʎõĵL õ ĵµ aµ`` L̦µ_bJLuLz`  ȟ QlXJ̥KlV  ȟ QlV eօ3L e3L &RL &QL d L4 Ne)n `@-eff L f`L . tQLѤ LҦL` OPu d L Ne)noon 8ɍ` ^f\õL ^NR  RΩLҦ)\Z ʽ LHv 3h`0h8` [L NС õ`A@` ŵL^Lõ`  \ 濭0 \  ȟ Q ^\lZl^?cqH şch`fhjõĵ@OAP`u@`@&`QR`E Ls  @DAE@u`8` %@ @A@`@`@A`Mµ ) LЦ`8@AWc@8@-@HAȑ@hHȑ@ȑ@hHȑ@Ȋ@ch8&ȑ@Hȑ@Ah@LHȑ@ȑ@ htphso`hMhL`9V8U897T6S67`INILOASAVRUCHAIDELETLOCUNLOCCLOSREAEXEWRITPOSITIOOPEAPPENRENAMCATALOMONOMOPRINMAXFILEFINBSAVBLOABRUVERIF!pppp p p p p`" t""#x"p0p@p@@@p@!y q q p@  LANGUAGE NOT AVAILABLRANGE ERROWRITE PROTECTEEND OF DATFILE NOT FOUNVOLUME MISMATCI/O ERRODISK FULFILE LOCKESYNTAX ERRONO BUFFERS AVAILABLFILE TYPE MISMATCPROGRAM TOO LARGNOT DIRECT COMMANč$3>L[dmx- ( ~D ͱ@跻~!Wo*9~~~~ɬƬ~_ j ʪHɪH`Lc (L ܫ㵮赎 ɱ^_ J QL_Ls贩紎 DǴҵԵƴѵӵµȴ 7 ַ :ŵƴѵǴҵȴµ納贍﵎ٵ്ᵭⳍڵL^ѵ-I `  4 ò-յ!  8صٵ紭ﵝ 7L (0+BC  7L HH`LgL{0 HH` õL H hBL BH [ h`Lo õ ڬL B ڬ LʬH hB@ յյ [L (ȴ) ȴ 7L L ( L (ȴL{ƴѵ洩ƴǴҵ 7 ^* B0 HȱBh ӵԵ 8 L8 ݲ` ܫ  / / ED B / / ]ƴS0Jȴ ȴ)  紅D贅E B ƴ  / 0L Ν `HD٤DEEhiHLGh ` ŵBѵ-` ѵB-` ܫ XI볩쳢8 DH E𳈈췍Ȍ X0 · JLǵBȵC`,յp` 䯩 R-յյ`յ0` K R-յյ`ɵʵӵԵ` 4 K ( ѵҵLBȱBL8` DBHBH : ַ޵BȭߵBhhӵԵ RBܵmڵ޵ȱBݵm۵ߵ` 䯩LR˵̵ֵ׵`êĪLR E( 8` R` ELRŪƪ`췌 յյI뷭鷭귭ⵍ㵍跬ª 뷰` Lf ݵܵߵ޵ ^`8ܵ i B8` 4L ֵȱB׵ ܯ䵍൭嵍 ` DȑB׵Bֵ  ַ յյ`굎뵎쵬 뵎쵌``õĵBCõĵ`µµ`L õBĵCصص Qƴ0"Bƴ 󮜳` 0۰ϬBƴ8`i#`ЗLw!0>ﵭ` m ﳐ 7i볍 8 ЉLw`H h ݲL~ `浍국䵍뵩嵠Jm赍嵊mjnnn浈ۭm浍浭m䵍䵩m嵍`"L ŵ8ŵH ~(`i d ֠z# u`W*UjVV*Uj@030@0@30*c*U>U`jV*Uj`*C*Ufu0000033000 033>0@UzjW3' 3>>3>>0>3 `W*Uj||030|0|3330x+c*U*U`jT*U:`*G+Uc03 ?>3>3>3 3>30000p3333 33> >368333 0333 >`U`*U3''''' ?333360633>33 `*U*Uj\<00330Xjq*U*U`\*U:`* *U93> 330333; 333?ppppp333 333 33>33 >3 3 U+Ux??''''3 ?3>333333>?`*U*U:\L00330XjX*U*U|00||||||`+U`*,5.3333>333>?00000??68 3333 3?3?3 303 333$Y$" "8\(Y$)10Z$Y$("..........",1,10(Y$))a\(Z$)(H$)40Z$Z$H$:6100:1946q\A73011\(H$,A7,1)" "1942\Z$Z$(H$,1,A71):6100\H$(H$,A71,(H$)A7)\A70\A7\Z$" ":1930\Z$:1918]lears the display":6100?[vZ$"Do you still want HELP ":6060U[xR70İ6160:1976s[zG10Ė1:1:(26);(16);}[{1:5[|780[~Z$:Z$"END OF KEYWORDS"1948[A71:740: STRING TO COMMA[(Y$)(Z$)1946[H$(Z$,A71,(Z$)A7)\Z(3)A7!Z8I3:3100: PLOT VALUE,Z:1:205Z<G10MZ>1400: TIME OPTIONSZ@cZk***HELP***ZlP71:G11Ė1:1:(26);(16);:1:2:1904Zo1:21ZpZ$"Keywords are explained in leaflet Z.":6100:6160ZrG111914[tZ$"The HELP option c:6100Y,1:22:Z$L2$:6100(Y06160Y121:"1.None 2.Osmium 3.Tungsten 4.Iron 5.Molybdenum 6.Manganese(IV) Oxide"Y223:Z$"Which catalyst (1-6) "Y36020Y4(A7)A7A76A71Z$"++ Type 1,2,3,4,5 or 6":1842Y51:21:(6);Z6CX1:22:(6);0XN30:N4N4(K):N5N5(K):N61gXM$" "N$(K)" "R$(K)" ":E$N$(K)" should be"X4000: INPUT NUMBERXN60XC(K)A7X1:21X IK:3100: PLOT VALUEX"KX&700:Y$"*"1846X'1:21:(6);X(1841Y*Z$L1$SLMLSL:1756WI3110WCC(I)0LI7WIDWL4L0JW[W***START***rW1000: INITIALISEW3000: SET UP SCREENWK12W700:Y$"*"1822WZ$"What is the value for"W39:24:(23);W1:21:(22);W6100VN61:1708VN60$VCC(M)0EVIQQ:3100: PLOT VALUES NVSLL^VG111744VLM:P90:3500: PLOT POINTS LVVC(M)0V3600: AXESVL13VCC(L)01742V3500: GRAPH LVLVG12İ5001:9520: CLEAR TABLEWons to DELETE":6100:7300)UN60İ7003U1756EU1:22:(6);oUM$"Which set do you wish to DELETE?"UE$"Indicate which set by typing"UN30:N41:N53U4000: INPUTUMA7:CC(M)01722VZ$"That set already deleted":6100:73001614ETLZ$"++ Nothing to ADD, use CHANGE first.":6100:7300:1620TTNTC01618TPZ$"++ Can't ADD, TIME has changed.":6100:7300:1620TRP93:3500: PLOT POINTS LTTT***DELETE***TQQ(CC(1)CC(2)CC(3))01708UZ$"++ No conditi SL13SVC(L)01530?SVC(L)0:3500: PLOT POINTS LFSLYSTC0:LSL:G11_SnS?***ADD***}S@QQ01606SB1100: GRAPHSD1620SFG111610SHZ$"++ Can't ADD before GRAPH.":6100:7300:1620TJCC(L)(CC(1)CC(2)CC(3))01RF0F0RA71F12/RA71E5F15RHR***RESCALE***WRTC11518`RR40kRI13}RVC(I)01514RJ112RG(I,J)R4R4G(I,J)RJRIRR410(1(R410)):SLLR5001:9520R3600: AXESS3400: LABELS0:21:(6);EQA71E12Z$"++ Interval too small for these units"QA7121E9Z$"++ Interval too large in these units"QA71E12A7121E9İ6100:1414QT3A7TU(TU):T2T312:TC1QJ13QVC(J)0QJQF13((A7)LG)RF5FU$(2)" 3. "U$(3)" " P22*P60202P23lP(A71)(A72)(A73)0Z$"++ TYPE 1,2 OR 3 ":1408PTUA7:1:21:(6);P700:Y$"*"1422P21P6160:Z$"What is the interval in "U$(TU):6100PZ$"between measurements " Q602C(I)0LIO<I)O>L0N61:1700:LM>O@N60:CC(L)CC(0)ZODICC:3100: PLOT VALUEfOFQQCC:vOw***TIME***Ox1:20Oy700:Y$"*"1412Oz6160O{Z$"Is the time interval given in"O|1:21:(6);O}6100P~Z$"1. "U$(1)" 2. "00pp0 ungsten 4. Iron 5. Molybdenum 6. Manganese(IV) Oxide"?N-23NN.CC3Ģ21~N/M$"What is the new "N$(CC)" "R$(CC)" "N0E$(19)N$(CC)" should be"N2N30:N4N4(CC):N5N5(CC)N4N61:4000: INPUT NN6N60:CC(0)A7:L0N8I311 O:C1. Temperature 2. Pressure 3. Catalyst"BMN30:N4N4(4):N5N5(4)\M N61:4000: INPUT NfM"CCA7uM%21:(6);M&CC0Z$"++ Please type either":6100:1306M(CC(1)C(CC)M*700:Y$"*"1334M+CC313267N,21:"1. None 2. Osmium 3. Tbulate":6100:12121L3900: DELETE CONDITIONSFL3700: HEADINGSdL3800: TABULATE VALUES &mLG12sLL***CHANGE**LCC01322L700:Y$"*"A7(Y$):1314LM$"Which you want to CHANGE?"R$(4)LE$" Should be"'M1:21:"011046KNZ$"++ No condition to GRAPH":6100:1114KKPG11:R4100:P93iKR3900: DELETE CONDITIONSzKT3600: AXESKV3400: LABELSKX3500: PLOT POINTS LKZK_***TABLE***KCC0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)01204LZ$"++ No condition to ta:Y$"END OF KEYWORDS"1029'JI16OJKA$(I),CA$(I),E(I,0),E(I,1),E(I,2)VJ I\J iJR8.3142JL1$"1."KA$(1)" 2."KA$(2)" 3."KA$(3)" 4."KA$(4)JL2$"5."KA$(5)" 6."KA$(6)JJK***GRAPH***KLCC0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)"(1-4)" IN4(1)350:N5(1)17507IN4(2)1:N5(2)1500KIN4(3)1:N5(3)6_IN4(4)1:N5(4)3jII13ICC(I)0:C(I)0:VC(I)0IIIR4100ICC0IU$(1)"Hours":U$(2)"Minutes":U$(3)"Seconds"ITU(1)3600:TU(2)60:TU(3)1IJY$2H*****INITIALISE*****2H9340: INITIALISEIHC$(0)"Ratio 3:1"HC$(1)"Temp. (K)":N$(1)"temperature":R$(1)"(350-1750)"HC$(2)"Pres. (atm)":N$(2)"pressure":R$(2)"(1-1500)"HC$(3)"Catalyst":N$(3)"catalyst":R$(3)"(1-6)"IR$(3)GY$"/"716GO11#GY$"*")G3GY$""KG(Z$,A7,1)","750`GY$Y$(Z$,A7,1)lGA7A71GA7(Z$)742GG G O10GY$GY$"KEYWORDS"782GG A78640G%Z$"++ To begin type START":6100G'7300H*60,2200FO10 FO(O$)6360FVT21:80009F602FFVT22:1|FZ$"++ That is not an option in this unit,":6100FZ$" see leaflet Z or try HELP.":6100F7300F600FO11714FZ$O$FA7OF740FOA71FA7(Y$)(Y$,(Z$)1,1)","6243EnZ$(Y$,1,(Z$))632QEpY$"END OF KEYWORDS"652YErO$bEt614jExO$rEzO1{E|700E}A709990E~G11800EA710646EA71100,1200,1300,1400,1500,9990,1600,1700,1800,1900E648FA7102000,2100XC2)XC1$D(25);:FULL SCREEN.DG11;DLG(10)ED1000YD2000: EXPLAINbDXP71qDYHH1:VV21DZMY12:Z$" Option :"D\HH:VV:6000D^Y$""604D`Z$Y$Db7730Dd780DfY$Dh(Y$)(Z$)624Dj(Y$)(Z$)622Elor this program are available"JC"from Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd."PCVCoC7300: RET TO CONTC***MAIN PROGRAM***CC$(3),N$(3),R$(4),N4(4),N5(4),U$(3)CC(3),CC(3),VC(3),G(3,12),E(6,2),CA$(6),KA$(6) DW(X)(((C5XC4)XC3)"BxB}"Chemistry"B:B"Synthesis of Ammonia"@BhB"Haber2: Version R1 December 1981"nBB"Authors: R Edens, K Shaw, J Chatterton"B"Program: J Bright, J Sotillo"BBB"Students' and Teacher'S Notes needed"C"f+A8Y$(Y$,1,(Y$)1):(8);" ";(8);:52LA:CY$" "(Y$)MYĺ(7);:52VA<CY$;vA>(CY$)95CY$((CY$)32)A@Y$Y$CY$:52Ad9500:9900:9340: INITIALISE LIBRARYAi9560:SET GRAPHICS MODEAnBs"Chelsea Science Simulation ProjectB@ PROGRAM:HABER2+@ CONDUIT REVISIONG@ AUGUST 1983; K. DAIKERl@ COPYRIGHT CHELSEA COLLEGE 1981@ FOR USE ONLY IN INSTITUTION SUPPLIED@ NO AMENDMENTS@100@216368,0:Y$""@4CY$:CY$(13)ı@6CY$(8)58A7(Y$)058                    ND"R81:|y(Z$)0R82:m|zZA1(Z$):ZB115:(Z$,ZA,1)("0123456789.-E+ ",ZB,1)ZB16:ZB:7805|{ZB:R83:ZA300|}ZA:R83ı|~A7(Z$):|Z$(A7):A70Z$" "Z$||T$"":U42S70ı}ZDU421:(Z$,ZD,1)" "ZCY$:L9L91:7666#{A90Z$Y$:`{A7(ZD(ZXA7))ZD:Q90:7600:Z$Y$"."(Z$,3,(A9)):u{2T$"":(Z$)1ı{3ZB1(Z$):ZA((Z$,ZB,1)):(122ZA)(ZA97)0ZAZA32{4T$T$(ZA):ZB:Z$T$:{FX$(Y$,S8,S9): |xA70:R80:7730:Z$"EzZ$Z$U$:Q91:qzZC(A7):ZD10(A9):A7(A7)0.5ZD:ZXA7:A7(A7):Q90:7600:L9(Z$)1:Y$(Z$,2,L9)zZC0A80Y$"+"Y$:L9L91:7664zZC0Y$"-"Y$:L9L91zL9(A8)Z$"*":I91(A8)(A9):Z$Z$"*":I9:{(A8)L9Y$" "U$Z$yI8:S80Q91:LyZB((Z$,S81)):ZA(ZB):ZB(ZB):ZA07608myQ91(8ZB)(ZB5)0Q91:yI81ZB(U$)1:U$U$"0":I8:610yQ91(8ZB)(ZB2)0Q91:yX$"0.":I81ZB1:X$X$"0":I8:U$X$U$zZ$"-":(A7)1Z$" "2.30259ZX)9x:ZX("1E"(ZB)):A7ZA(A7ZX0.5)ZX:cxLZX("1E"(A8)):A7(A7ZX0.5)ZX:xL71:D71:Q81:(16);:V40Ģ24xx7850:U$"":S80:I81(Z$):X$(Z$,I8,1):X$"-"X$"."X$" "7602xX$"E"S8I8:I8200:7603yU$ЭZBU4ZBU4wS71İ7850WwZBL91C7U4C7ZB1:7880:ZB);T$:ZB1:7340:7404uwS72ĺZB);Z$;:D7ZBL9wS72(P70D71C7)ĺ:D71:7340wD71C7İ7340:D71ww8A70ı x9ZA(A7):A7(A7):ZX("1E-"(A81)):ZBA81((A7)20v)vZZ$Z$:H1(36)1:V1(37)1AvH1:V1:VTV1:8000wv16368,0:D71:L71:(P7));ZZ$;" ";:50:E70ıvZ$Y$:7800:F91R82ıv23:"++ Invalid character in number";vP71:D71:L71v7300:7351 wQ80:U4((P7)):ZBD71:S or NO":6060&uL9(Z$):S70:7400CuL9((A7))1:S71:7400iuZAP7:P7(P7):6100:P7ZA:6120}uL90:S72:7400u$7580u1:24u"Press RETURN to continue";u16368,0u(16384)1417331uV407342vL7L71:L7M773e","MnO2",5E18,283800,330000Ctn MERGE - 7480SIGF, 7660FORM,SHAPE^to MINLIB APPLE 17.5.82mtpE70:7350|tE71:7350tE70:7350:Z$Y$:7730:Y$Z$:Y$"Y"Y$"YES"R71:tY$"N"Y$"NO"R70:t24:1uP71:Z$"++ Please reply with YE"s"END OF KEYWORDS">s"None","None",5E18,283800,330000fs "Osmium","Os ",5E18,134800,181000s%"Tungsten","W ",4.09E17,115600,161800s*"Iron","Fe ",5E18,16700,213200s/"Molybdenum","Mo ",5.11E18,176200,222400t4"Manganese(IV) OxidDeletes all current values","9,*,*,*,*,*"Wr "HELP,To display list of keywords","10"r "EXPLAIN,A brief introduction","11"r"PAUSE","12"r"DEMO","9,500,1000,2,3,0.1,1,12,3,TEMPERATURE,490,712,4,3,0.2,1,12,2"s "FINISH,To end program","0results","2"9q "CHANGE,To change one parameter","3,/"lq "TIME,To set duration of experiment","4,*,*"q "RESCALE,To rescale the ammonia axis","5"q "ADD,Graph of latest conditions","7"q "DELETE,Conditions and graphs","8,*")r "START,:5005=pG813:H83:G939:H919:V80:U80:U926:V916:5005|pG813:H85:G939:H918:U8T3:V85:U9T2T3:V9R45:5005p9170: WINDOW COORDSpp"KEYWORDS"p "GRAPH,Graph of latest conditions"p"1" q "TABLE,To display table of ***oZ2.75:W1W(Z2),oW2W1:Z2Z2.01(W)(W1)Z3Z2:W1W:4408n@(W)(W2)Z4Z2:W2W:4408nBW04422nDW10Z2Z3nFo*** FIND ROOT);:13XpY$"*"19248XrV41İ9560: SET TEXT MODEBXs1:5{XtZ$"You can choose to vary any one of :":6100:6160XvZ$" 1. Temperature":6100:6160XxZ$" 2. Pressure":6100:6160XzZ$" 3. Ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen":6100:6160C(L)01842%W03500: PLOT POINTS L,W2LBW4G12İ5001:9520NW6VC(M)0bW8NMLN:1856tW:CC(3)0L3W<CC(2)0L2W>CC(1)0L1W@Wj OPTION 9: STARTWl1000: INITIALISEWn700: GET OPTION LIST VALUEXo13:QQ1ĺ(1600: INPUTN#VMA7:CC(M)01822LVZ$"That set already DELETEd.":6100[VN61:1808dVN60pV CC(M)0V"I((2QQVC)3):3100: PLOT FIXED VALUE(S)V$NLV&G111844V(LM:P90:3500: PLOT POINTS LV*3600: AXESV,L13 W.CU OPTION 8: DELETE OPTION 6: Y" SHOULD BE"*PN30:N4N4(VC):N5N5(VC) 8390Le@ U011:V0V0.5:C9(3K)(3K):8760: PLOT POINTSeB K\eD P93beF ue~ PLOT MINIMUMe 5000: WINDOW/VIEWPORT 0e A7R1:A85:A9(A7(A7)):VC3A83e 7660: FORMe Z$"from"Z$:VC3Z$Z$":1" f VC3A90Z$":1"d( U01:V0206I:8390)d* 31424d, K13Id. U01:V021K6Ird0 CC(K)0Z$" ":P90:3134d2 A7K:7850: NUMBER TO STRINGd4 Z$(Z$,2,1)".":8390d6 A7CC(K):A85:A9(A7(A7)):J3A83d8 7660: FORMd: J3Z$Z$":1"V01.5c I'c U01:Z$C$(VC):8390Ec V0V01:Z$"varies":8390Sc P93:G10Yc uc PLOT FIXED VALUE(S) Ic 5000: WINDOW/VIEWPORT 0c JI:JVCJJ1c JCC3116c" A7C(J):A87:A9(A7(A7)):J3A85c$ 7660: FORMd& J3Z$Z92:U0.9:V017.5:U112.2:V1V0:8860Ob V1.7:8860:U1.9:8860:V117.5:8860ub U012.7:U139.3:8860:V1.7:8860b U112.7:8860:V117.5:8860b V016b I13b IVC3026b U01:Z$C$(I):8390b U0.9:V0V04.5:U112.2:V1V0:8860c V0L a L13a VC(L)023249a 3500: PLOT POINTS L@a LIa LLLOa ca SET UP SCREENa 5000:9320: SET GRAPHICSa U01:V019:Z$"GRAPH TABLE CHANGE RESCALE RANGE YIELD":8390a U04:V018:Z$"ADD DELETE START HELP FINISH":8390%b P20 `L2300`N)` OPTION 12: PAUSE5`7320:O`***REPLOT SCREEN****o`LLG1:3000: SET UP SCREENz`I12` 3100` I` 3200: PLOT MINIMUM` 3300: PLOT MAXIMUM` G1LL:G12İ1200:2326` G112326` 3600:3400a LLion" _<9_>"This part allows you to investigate the"h_@"effect of temperature, pressure and the"_B"ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen on the"_D"equilibrium position in the reaction"_F"between nitrogen and hydrogen."_H:G112126`J73)A7)^A70^A70^Z$" ":2030>^Z$:2018T^6160:G112052^^7320h^2300s^QQ1:^2 OPTION 11: EXPLAIN^49500:SET GRAPHICS MODE^6"Synthesis of Ammonia - The Haber Process"^8_:"Part 1 : Equilibrium PositING TO COMMA"](Y$)(Z$)2046=]H$(Z$,A71,(Z$)A7)K]Z$Y$" "z](Y$)10Z$Y$(".........",1,10(Y$))](Z$)(H$)40Z$Z$H$:6100:2046]A73011](H$,A7,1)" "2042]Z$Z$(H$,1,A71):6100^H$(H$,A71,(H$eaflet Z":6100:6160$\V402016,\22^\Z$"The HELP option clears the display":6100\Z$"Do you still want HELP?":6060\R70İ6160:2052\9560\780: RESTORE TO KEYWORDS\Z$:Z$"End of keywords"2048 ]A71:740: FIND STR" "[E$N$(J)" should be"8[N30:N4N4(J):N5N5(J)K[4000: INPUTNW[C(J)A7v[3100: PLOT FIXED VALUE I}[I[1500: RANGE OPTION[[ OPTION 10: HELP[P71[V40İ7580:2004[1:21\Z$"Keywords are explained on lO1O:J0ZI14+Z700:Y$"*"JJ12ZI;ZOO1IZJ41946rZZ$"What are the fixed values for :"ZJ3Z$"What is the fixed value for :"Z1:21Z6100ZI12ZVT22:8010ZJI:JVCJJ1[M$" "N$(J)" "R$(J)RN to continue : ";!x16368,0:x(16384)1417330wx16368,0:36,0:37,(37)1::868:D71:L71:Q81:7342xV407342xL7L71:L7M77320xxZZ$Z$:H2(36)1:V2(37)1xH2:V2 yD71:L71:(P7));ZZ$;" ";:50:Z$Y$:771:wY$"N"Y$"NO"R70:.wVT23:8000kwP71:Z$"++ Please reply with YES or NO":7300:21:6060wL9(Z$):S70:7400wL9((A7))1:S71:7400wZAP7:P7(P7):6100:P7ZA:6120wL90:S72:7400w$7580w1:24x"Press RETU v "DEMO"Rv "9,1,1000,3,400,1000,1,12,3,PRESSURE,500,7,12,5,350,700,1,12,2"kv "End of keywords"vn MERGE - 7480SIGF,7660FORM,SHAPEvo MINLIB APPLE 17.5.82vpE70:7350vE71:7350wE70:7350:Z$Y$:7730:Y$Z$:Y$"Y"Y$"YES"R7itions and graphs"u "8,*"Fu"START,deletes all current values"Zu "9,*,*,*,*,*"u"HELP,to display list of keywords"u "10"u"EXPLAIN,a brief introduction"u "11"u"PAUSE"u "12"u"FINISH,to end the program"u "0" fixed parameter"t "3,/"Ht"RESCALE,to rescale the ammonia axis"Rt "4"~t"RANGE,to rescale the horizontal axis"t "5,*,*"t "YIELD,for graph of %N converted"t "6"t"ADD,graph of latest conditions"t "7"u"DELETE,cond39:H919:U80:V80:U926:V916:5009esG813:H85:G939:H918:U8R1R3:V85:U9R2R3:V9R45:5009qs9170:s"KEYWORDS"s"GRAPH,Graph of latest conditions"s"1"s"TABLE,to display table of results"s "2"t"CHANGE,to change one14308FrZ$"++ Caution-model at limit of validity":6100:Z21:4316TrW1W(Z2)jr(W1)(W2)4302r(W1)(W2)4316rZ2Z2.01rr WINDOW/VIEWPORT COMBINATIONSrG80:H80:G940:H920:U80:V80:U940:V920:5009$sG813:H83:G9 qpWW(Z2)-qr(W)(W1)Z3Z2:W1W:4216Nqt(W)(W2)Z4Z2:W2W:4216Xqv4220qqx(Z3Z4).0014226{qz4206q|W04226q~W10Z2Z3:4226qZ2Z4qq FIND ROOT NEAR BOUNDARYqZ2.75:W1W(Z2)qW2W1:Z2Z2.01rZ2E QUARTIC,pZ11H2Z2:Z10Z1200Z2Z1gpZ10Z$"++ Model invalid at this point.":6100:6160xpG(L,I)Z1.5pG(L,I)0G(L,I)0ppf SOLVE QUARTICphZ30:Z4.99pjW1W(Z3):W2W(Z4)pl(W1)(W2)İ4222:4226pnZ2(Z3Z4)2020oZ$E$:6100;oZ$" a whole number.":6100:4012AoMo MODELfoTC(1):PC(2):HC(3)oKP4.556E5(5535.51T7.65631)oKKPPP4o AH1:BHK:C27K:DHB:EHDo C5C4:C4AC5:C39B(3H)AA:C2D9E:C1E p4200: SOLVV9:VTV9:8000%nZ$M$:6020:6160\nA6A7:((N51E6N5)A6)(A6(N41E6N4))04014fn8020|nZ$"++ "E$:6100nA7N4:7850:L$" a number from "Z$" to"nA7N5:7850:Z$L$Z$:6100n7300n4002nN3(A6(A6))04020o8m: DELETE CONDITIONS)m<CC0L1?m>G10İ5001:9520Jm@M13`mBMLCC(M)03912tmDCC(M)0:VC(M)0mFI((2CCVC)3):3100: PLOT FIXED VALUESmHMmJm*** INPUTNmN60İ700:Y$"*"4020mH9(36)1:V9(37)1nH9:0:8390#lVC(L)0İ4100: MODELRlA7G(L,I):A83:A9(A7(A7)):7660: FORMblU010:8390lVC(L)1KP4.556E5(5535.51C(1)7.65631)lA7KP1E5:A83:7480: SIGFlA85:A92(A7(A7)):7660: FORMlU018:8390lIlVC(L)1mU017.5:V013.5:U1U0:V10:8860+kP931kIk TABULATE VALUES Lgk5001: WINDOW/VIEWPORT 1}kCC0C(CC)CC(L)kI012kC(VC)R1IR3kV012IkA7C(VC):A84:A9(A7(A7)):VC3A82k7660: FORMkVC3Z$Z$":1"lU093 j jr HEADINGS6jt5001: WINDOW/VIEWPORT 1cjvZ$(C$(VC),1,5)" % AMMONIA 5"xjxU00:V015:8390jzZ$(C$(VC),7,5)" Equilibrium Kpx10"j|V014:8390j~P92:V013.5:U125.9:V1V0:8860jU07.5:V013.5:U1U0:V10:8860"kH8H91:X1:Y1:Z$;:Y:2X%(16);:V40:7580b&M724:C740:D71:L71:P71:F90:Q91:V40:y':(4);"RUN MENU"M13:"END OF PROGRAM":23:MY8V8SC:"$91703h$9500:9170:U0U8:V0V8:X|$9380:G80:H80:G940:H920:P93f}$E91:C90$U80:V80:U940:V920:$X80:Y80:X9280:Y9160$%4096:V41::0%Z$(" ",G81,G9G8):XG8:YY3E9):p"P9:X0SAU0SB:Y0SCV0SD:X1SAU1SB:Y1SCV1SD:P91P92X02(X02)2P9:X12(X12)2P9"X0,159Y0X1,159Y1"U0U1:V0V1:ǂ#X8G87:Y9160H88:X9G97:Y8160H98 #SA(X9X8)(U9U8):SBX8U8SA:SC(Y9Y8)(V9V8):SDU0SASB:YV0SCSD:8790HV"3((P9)):C9C9(C95):C90ēX,159Y:WX"C938800Z"C93ēX4E9,159Y:X4E9,159Y:C92ı\"X,159(Y3E9):X,159(Y3E9):`"X4E9,159(Y3E9):X,159(Y3E9):X4E9,159(Y3E9) b"X4E9,159(:@34,VT1:(16);:34,01J1:VT:(6);:JT1:22:VT22:8000:}rA7(16384):16368,0:A7A7128:A70A70:sA713A72:tA78A73:uZ$(A7):A71:ǀN T8:T9:Z$;: 1(U0SASB)7.5:20(V0SCSD)8.5:Z$;:8"X3:ZA300}ZA:R83ı(~A7(Z$):FZ$(A7):A70Z$" "Z$LdT$"":U42S70ıZDU421:(Z$,ZD,1)" "ZCZD:ZD0ZD:ZC0ZCU41T$(Z$,1,ZC1):Z$(Z$,ZC1):L9(Z$):=:>CLEAR FROM VT TO END OF SCREEN?1ıB~3ZB1(Z$):ZA((Z$,ZB,1)):(122ZA)(ZA97)0ZAZA32^~4T$T$(ZA):ZB:Z$T$:s~FX$(Y$,S8,S9):~xA70:R80:Z$"END"R81:~y(Z$)0R82:~zZA1(Z$):ZB115:(Z$,ZA,1)("0123456789.-E+ ",ZB,1)ZB16:ZB:7805 {ZB:R8&}ZC0A80Y$"+"Y$:L9L91:7664B}ZC0Y$"-"Y$:L9L91y}L9(A8)Z$"*":I91(A8)(A9):Z$Z$"*":I9:}(A8)L9Y$" "Y$:L9L91:7666}A90Z$Y$:}A7(ZD(ZXA7))ZD:Q90:7600:Z$Y$"."(Z$,3,(A9)):~2T$"":(Z$)сI81ZB(U$)1:U$U$"0":I8:7610E|Q91(8ZB)(ZB2)0Q91:s|X$"0.":I81ZB1:X$X$"0":I8:U$X$U$|Z$"-":(A7)1Z$" "|Z$Z$U$:Q91:|ZC(A7):ZD10(A9):A7(A7)0.5ZD:ZXA7:A7(A7):Q90:7600:L9(Z$)1:Y$(Z$,2,L9)Q81:(16);:V40Ģ24{g{7850:U$"":S80:I81(Z$):X$(Z$,I8,1):X$"-"X$"."X$" "7602{X$"E"S8I8:I8200:7603{U$U$Z${I8:S80Q91:{ZB((Z$,S81)):ZA(ZB):ZB(ZB):ZA07608{Q91(8ZB)(ZB5)0Q91:$|L9*zS72(P70D71C7)ĺ:D71:7340BzD71C7İ7340:D71HzTz8A70ız9ZA(A7):A7(A7):ZX("1E-"(A81)):ZBA81((A7)2.30259ZX)z:ZX("1E"(ZB)):A7ZA(A7ZX0.5)ZX:zLZX("1E"(A8)):A7(A7ZX0.5)ZX:{L71:D71: ",G81,G9G8):XG8:YH8H91:X1:Y1:Z$;:Y:oX%(16);:V40:7580&M724:C740:D71:L71:P71:F90:Q91:V40:':(4);"RUN MENU"M160H98M#SA(X9X8)(U9U8):SBX8U8SA:SC(Y9Y8)(V9V8):SDY8V8SC:W"$9170uh$9500:9170:U0U8:V0V8:|$9380:G80:H80:G940:H920:P93}$E91:C90ă$U80:V80:U940:V920:$X80:Y80:X9280:Y9160惵$%4096::X0%Z$(" (Y3E9):X,159(Y3E9):X4E9,159(Y3E9)Kb"X4E9,159(Y3E9):"P9:X0SAU0SB:Y0SCV0SD:X1SAU1SB:Y1SCV1SD:P91P92X02(X02)2P9:X12(X12)2P9˂"X0,159Y0X1,159Y1݂"U0U1:V0V1: #X8G87:Y9160H88:X9G97:Y8T9:Z$;:; 1(U0SASB)7.5:20(V0SCSD)8.5:Z$;:[8"XU0SASB:YV0SCSD:8790V"3((P9)):C9C9(C95):C90ēX,159Y:X"C938800ȁZ"C93ēX4E9,159Y:X4E9,159Y:C92ı\"X,159(Y3E9):X,159(Y3E9):/`"X4E9,159(Z$,ZC1):L9(Z$):=:>>CLEAR FROM VT TO END OF SCREEND?:_@34,VT1:(16);:34,0sJ1:VT:(6);:T1:22:VT22:8000:rA7(16384):16368,0:A7A7128:A70A70:рsA713A72:tA78A73:uZ$(A7):A71: N T8:5:(Z$,ZA,1)("0123456789.-E+ ",ZB,1)ZB16:ZB:7805K{ZB:R83:ZA300[}ZA:R83ıj~A7(Z$):Z$(A7):A70Z$" "Z$T$"":U42S70ıZDU421:(Z$,ZD,1)" "ZCZD:ZD0ZD:ZC0ZCU41T$(Z$,1,ZC1):Z$z#?    ٠Š֠ǠҠ ҲDұF٠Š ֠ǠҠ   ϠԮΠͱéԠͱԠ ŮҠ"ȲDϠԮΠͱبéԠ ՠ A WHOLE NUMBER.":6100:4011$lG10İ5001:9520&j@K13 87601c@ I:cA P92@cB Yc ***REPLOT SCREEN***sc 3000: SET UP SCREEN~c K13c IK:3100: PLOT VALUESc Kc G12İ1200:3226c G113226c SLLc 3600:3400: AXES/&ABELSd CC0L1:351:V0175I:8390b* 3138&b, I13Ib. CC(I)0Z$" ":3130Xb0 A7I:7850fb2 A$Z$"."b3 J3Z$A$" "CA$(CC(I)):3130b4 A7CC(I):A84:A9(A7(A7))b6 7660: FORMb8 Z$A$Z$b: U02:V0195JI:8390b; P93:CC(I)0P90 c(W)E2(E2T)3mlA1(2Z1E(C(3),0))((100Z1)E2)E1PmpK1A1E1:K2E(C(3),0)E2_mrMM1K2K1imxNNNvmzLLK1K2|m|m***CALCULATE %NH3***mK64.556E5(5535.51C(1)7.65631)mKK6C(2)C(2)4mA4:B3K:C27K:D3B:E3D"nC5C4:  HELLO :810:10:"PROGRAM IS LOADING."Y(4)"BLOAD TITLEPAGE.HABER"{(16297,0:16302,0:16304,0dLOAD HRCG n(4);"BLOAD HRTEXT"6103,1:104,64:16384,0:(4);"RUN MENU" (X02)2P9:X12(X12)2P96"X0,159Y0X1,159Y1H"U0U1:V0V1:t#X8G87:Y9160H88:X9G97:Y8160H98#SA(X9X8)(U9U8):SBX8U8SA:SC(Y9Y8)(V9V8):SDY8V8SC:€"$9170h$9500:9170:U0U8:V0V8:|$9380:G80:H80:G940:H92088003Z"C93ēX4E9,159Y:X4E9,159Y:C92ıZ\"X,159(Y3E9):X,159(Y3E9):`"X4E9,159(Y3E9):X,159(Y3E9):X4E9,159(Y3E9)b"X4E9,159(Y3E9):"P9:X0SAU0SB:Y0SCV0SD:X1SAU1SB:Y1SCV1SD:P91P92X02(16384):16368,0:A7A7128:A70A70:=~sA713A72:N~tA78A73:b~uZ$(A7):A71:u~N T8:T9:Z$;:~ (U0SASB)71.5:20(V0SCSD)8.5:Z$;:~8"XU0SASB:YV0SCSD:8790~V"3((P9)):C9C9(C95):C90ēX,159Y:X"C93(Z$):$}Z$(A7):A70Z$" "Z$*}B}T$"":U42S70ım}ZDU421:(Z$,ZD,1)" "ZCZD:ZD0}ZD:ZC0ZCU41}T$(Z$,1,ZC1):Z$(Z$,ZC1):L9(Z$):}@34,VT1:(16);:34,0}J1:VT:(6);:}T1:22:VT22:8000:+~rA722ZA)(ZA97)0ZAZA326|4T$T$(ZA):ZB:Z$T$:K|FX$(Y$,S8,S9):p|xA70:R80:7730:Z$"END"R81:|y(Z$)0R82:|zZA1(Z$):ZB115:(Z$,ZA,1)("0123456789.-E+ ",ZB,1)ZB16:ZB:7805|{ZB:R83:ZA300|}ZA:R83ı}~A7{ZC0Y$"-"Y$:L9L91Q{L9(A8)Z$"*":I91(A8)(A9):Z$Z$"*":I9:w{(A8)L9Y$" "Y$:L9L91:7666{A90Z$Y$:{A7(ZD(ZXA7))ZD:Q90:7600:Z$Y$"."(Z$,3,(A9)):{2T$"":(Z$)1ı|3ZB1(Z$):ZA((Z$,ZB,1)):(1 <"<"""<< <"""<"><$""< """"  "" 6***""""""""""<""< :< $"""2,"""""**6"""""< >>8  80,"*:<"">""""""""""""">>><2"<""">""" ""  ">"6**"""""&*2""""""""""""*,"" "" ">""""""""""""""**6"""""""> >>> >00000>">>< (&20 *, **>> "2*&" " >>  ">> "8""> """"""< >> "$! $%%#,fp% "Lp"% $`"H *+)hi#"H !*0+i+idH#d hd`"%$$%H hi#`$% c,d*+Me,dPMc*!0 +i+`%J) b+je *`PPPP򠥹͠0tL"$!e (' !!%##`f`" e$$ ",r0st(!#L"L $b .  %   `L a,gPgA[8 & & &mh)mi e$*+Me$(Mc,dp ,cpP!pA* +i+Me$rs"t`,Tb@0,U`* L" {LB$!$$"% %L"c`g`g`,,Lҩc`@a`de` qLXde`s$t%L$td`e`g`f`Yd`e`L$e (' 8!$!$%",rL !%# "L5 )5`)aW L| JHIHa`G~#+@HPXs{GG+R$a`1  emhi` b` ,r0rbj$s%t`@b`s$$hLde`,rSjbLL  L%L% `u8967 ,R,W U ,P`ɭӠҠΠΠ ((*)  b+*HN OI*P,h*,H,`0ɛ` ɍ $h`ɐ 6+` qL L {     85p,Uժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժ+U3''''33 33330333333330?`*U*UWC00O??0OXjX*U*U000  0/u`*5p. 333333033?030`00033?< 33333 3 (<50Uժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժժ`*U3''''33>>>3`*U*UW00LOO0LX:\*U*U0000x`*U.33>>330@ppp338>  . ;U1UX*U~''''' 000`*U*UWL0L0LC0CCC00X:\*U*U0C00C0`*Up+?0030*G+U3UV*UjV'>`**UW|||||0||0x?T*Uj0C00C0 `jWz_j          anese(IV) Oxide"N-23'N.CC3Ģ21WN/M$"What is the new "N$(CC)" "R$(CC)" "xN0E$(19)N$(CC)" should be"N2N30:N4N4(CC):N5N5(CC)N4N61:4000: INPUT NN6N60:CC(0)A7:L0N8I311N:CC(I)0LIN<IO>L0N61:1700:LMN30:N4N4(4):N5N5(4)5M N61:4000: INPUT N?M"CCA7NM%21:(6);M&CC0Z$"++ Please type either":6100:1306M(CC(1)C(CC)M*700:Y$"*"1334M+CC31326N,21:"1. None 2. Osmium 3. Tungsten 4. Iron 5. Molybdenum 6. MangLETE CONDITIONS$L3700: HEADINGSBL3800: TABULATE VALUES &KLG12QLbL***CHANGE**rLCC01322L700:Y$"*"1310L21LM$"Which you want to CHANGE?"R$(4)LE$" Should be"M21:"1. Temperature 2. Pressure 3. Catalyst"o GRAPH":6100:1114)KPG11:R4100:P93GKR3900: DELETE CONDITIONSXKT3600: AXESkKV3400: LABELSKX3500: PLOT POINTS LKZK_***TABLE***KCC0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)01204KZ$"++ No condition to tabulate":6100:1212L3900: DEI16-JKA$(I),CA$(I),E(I,0),E(I,1),E(I,2)4J I:J GJR8.3142JL1$"1."KA$(1)" 2."KA$(2)" 3."KA$(3)" 4."KA$(4)JL2$"5."KA$(5)" 6."KA$(6)JJK***GRAPH***JLCC0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)01104KNZ$"++ No condition tIN4(2)1:N5(2)1500)IN4(3)1:N5(3)6=IN4(4)1:N5(4)3HII13cICC(I)0:C(I)0:VC(I)0jIIuIR4100~ICC0IU$(1)"Hours":U$(2)"Minutes":U$(3)"Seconds"ITU(1)3600:TU(2)60:TU(3)1IIY$:Y$"END OF KEYWORDS"1029J340: INITIALISE'HC$(0)"Ratio 3:1"eHC$(1)"Temp. (K)":N$(1)"temperature":R$(1)"(350-1750)"HC$(2)"Pres. (atm)":N$(2)"pressure":R$(2)"(1-1500)"HC$(3)"Catalyst":N$(3)"catalyst":R$(3)"(1-6)"HR$(3)"(1-4)"HN4(1)350:N5(1)1750Y$""G(Z$,A7,1)","7502GY$Y$(Z$,A7,1)>GA7A71QGA7(Z$)742WG]G fG O10nGY$GY$"KEYWORDS"782GG A79A710A711638G%Z$"++ To begin type START":6100G'7300G*600G*****INITIALISE*****H98000F600FVT22NFZ$"++ That is not an option in this unit,":6100{FZ$" see leaflet Z or try HELP.":6100F7300F600FO11714FZ$O$FA7OF740FOA71FA7(Y$)FY$"/"716FO11FY$"*"FG$))632%EpY$"END OF KEYWORDS"652-ErO$6Et614>ExO$FEzO1OE|700_E}G11ī800nE~A709990}EA710646EA71100,1200,1300,1400,1500,9990,1600,1700,1800,1900E648EA7102000,2100,2200EO10EO(O$)636FVT21:1DLG(10)D1000-D2000: EXPLAIN6DXP71EDYH91:V921_DZMY12:Z$" Option :"qD\H9:V9:6000D^Y$""604D`Z$Y$Db7730Dd780DfY$Dh(Y$)(Z$)624Dj(Y$)(Z$)622Dl(Y$,(Z$)1,1)","624EnZ$(Y$,1,(Zward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd."$C*CCC7300: RET TO CONT[C***MAIN PROGRAM***CC$(3),N$(3),R$(4),N4(4),N5(4),U$(3)CC(3),CC(3),VC(3),G(3,12),E(6,2),CA$(6),KA$(6)CW(X)(((C5XC4)XC3)XC2)XC1C(25);:FULL SCREENDG1is of Ammonia"B(CY$)95CY$((CY$)32)\A@Y$Y$CY$:52Ad9500:9900:9340: INITIALISE LIBRARYAi9560:SET GRAPHICS MODEAnAs"Chelsea Science Simulation Project"AxA}"Chemistry"AB"SynthesP71:F90:Q91:V40:.'::(4);"RUN MENU"B'VT23:8000:23x'"++ SHOULD BE A NUMBER FROM "(N4)" TO "(N5)$'CC3Ģ21:4011.'23:4011::P93}$E91:C90/$U80:V80:U940:V920:K$X80:Y80:X9280:Y9160Q$j%4096:V41:(16);:΁0%Z$(" ",G81,G9G8):XG8:YH8H91:X1:Y1:Z$;:Y:X%(16);:V40:7580&M724:C740:D71:L71:$"":"Which option (1-3) ? ";; pR$:R$(13)Z$""120R rR$"1"R$"3"112k sR$;(8);:Z$R$:112 x(Z$)130,140,160 (13);(4)"RUN HABER1" (13);(4)"RUN HABER2" ::1::(4)"IN#0":10:14:"END OF PROGRAM":(4)"FP" PROGRAM MENU/:4096:4099:(16)91:3P"Chelsea college"|(:"Chelsea Science Simulation Project"2::"Synthesis of Ammonia"712<10:"1. Haber1"AF10:"2. Haber2"KP10:"3. Exit"U n1:22:Z 0NNCC(L)CC(0)?NPI((2CCVC)3):3100: PLOT FIXED VALUEKNRQQCC:cNv OPTION 4: RESCALENxG11VC(1)VC(2)VC(3)01404NzZ$"++ Can't rescale YIELD graph.":6100:1436N|R40N~M13NVC(M)01416NI012OG(M,I)R4R4G(8000-M6Z$"What is the new value for":6100OM8M$" "N$(CC)" "R$(CC)" "jM:E$N$(CC)" should be"M<N30:N4N4(CC):N5N5(CC)M>N61:4000: INPUTNM@N60MBCC(0)A7:L0MDI13MFCC(I)0LI:I3MHIMJL0N61:1800:LMNLN6IL,CC01330JL-VC1Z$"++ Please type either PRESSURE or RATIO"}L.VC2Z$"++ Please type TEMPERATURE or RATIO"L/VC3Z$"++ Please type TEMPERATURE or PRESSURE"L06100:7300L11304L2CC(1)C(CC)L4700:Y$"*"1346M5VT21:1332K700:Y$"*"1314+KVT21:8000PKZ$"Do you want to change":6100bKI1:IVCI2KZ$N$(I):II1:IVCII1K Z$Z$" or "N$(I):6000K"Z$Y$:7730: LOWER TO UPPER CASEK$I13K&IVC1322K(Z$(N$(I),1,(Z$))CCIL*OT POINTS LJZ'J OPTION 2: TABLEKJCC0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)01204}JZ$"++ No condition to tabulate.":6100:1212J3900: DELETE CONDITIONSJ3700: HEADINGSJ3800: TABULATE VALUES LJG12JJ OPTION 3: CHANGEKCC0 II13ICC(I)0:VC(I)0%II0IR41006ILIJ OPTION 1: GRAPHpILCC0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)01104INZ$"++ No condition to GRAPH.":6100:1114IPG11:R4100IR3900: DELETE CONDITIONSIT3600: AXESIV3400: LABELS JX3500: PLHC$(1)"Temp. (K) ":N$(1)"TEMPERATURE":R$(1)"(350-1750)"wHC$(2)"Pres. (atm)":N$(2)"PRESSURE":R$(2)"(1-1500)"HC$(3)"Ratio H:N ":N$(3)"RATIO":R$(3)"(H 1-9)"HN4(1)350:N5(1)1750HN4(2)1:N5(2)1500HN4(3)1:N5(3)9HCC0:RC0Y$Y$(Z$,A7,1)GA7A71/GA7(Z$)7425G;G DG O10LGY$dGY$"KEYWORDS"782jGG A79A710A711638G"VT22:8000G%Z$"++ To begin type START":6100G(7300G*600G INITIALISEG9340: INITIALISE GRAPHICS=n option in this unit,":6100JFZ$" see leaflet Z or try HELP.":6100YFGOSUB6160cF7300lF602zFO11714FZ$O$FA7OF740FOA71FA7(Y$)FY$"/"716FO11FY$"*"FFY$""F(Z$,A7,1)","750G614 ExO$EzO1E|700-E}G11ī800(CY$)95CY$((CY$)32)\A@Y$Y$CY$:52Ad9900:9340: INITIALISE LIBRARYAi9500: SET GRAPHICS MODEAnAs"Chelsea Science Simulation Project"AxA}"Chemistry"AB"Synthesis of zD@ PROGRAM:HABER1:@ COPYRIGHT CHELSEA COLLEGE 1981e@ FOR USE ONLY IN INSTITUTION SUPPLIEDy@ NO AMENDMENTS@100@216368,0:Y$""@4CY$:CY$(13)ĺCY$;:@6CY$(8)58@7(Y$)058@8Y$(Y$,1,(Y$)1):(8);" ";(8);:52                            $"":"Which option (1-3) ? ";;ApR$:R$(13)Z$""120RArR$"1"R$"3"112kAsR$;(8);:Z$R$:112Ax(Z$)130,140,160A(13);(4)"RUN HABER1"A(13);(4)"RUN HABER2"A::1::(4)"IN#0":10:14:"END OF PROGRAM":(4)"FP"Z@ PROGRAM MENU/@:4096:4099:(16)9@1:3P@"Chelsea College"|@(:"Chelsea Science Simulation Project"@2::"Synthesis of Ammonia"@712@<10:"1. Haber1"@A@F10:"2. Haber2"@K@P10:"3. Exit"@UAn1:22:Z ungsten 4. Iron 5. Molybdenum 6. Manganese(IV) Oxide"?N-23NN.CC3Ģ21~N/M$"What is the new "N$(CC)" "R$(CC)" "N0E$(19)N$(CC)" should be"N2N30:N4N4(CC):N5N5(CC)N4N61:4000: INPUT NN6N60:CC(0)A7:L0N8I311 O:C1. Temperature 2. Pressure 3. Catalyst"BMN30:N4N4(4):N5N5(4)\M N61:4000: INPUT NfM"CCA7uM%21:(6);M&CC0Z$"++ Please type either":6100:1306M(CC(1)C(CC)M*700:Y$"*"1334M+CC313267N,21:"1. None 2. Osmium 3. Tbulate":6100:12121L3900: DELETE CONDITIONSFL3700: HEADINGSdL3800: TABULATE VALUES &mLG12sLL***CHANGE**LCC01322L700:Y$"*"A7(Y$):1314LM$"Which you want to CHANGE?"R$(4)LE$" Should be"'M1:21:"011046KNZ$"++ No condition to GRAPH":6100:1114KKPG11:R4100:P93iKR3900: DELETE CONDITIONSzKT3600: AXESKV3400: LABELSKX3500: PLOT POINTS LKZK_***TABLE***KCC0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)01204LZ$"++ No condition to ta:Y$"END OF KEYWORDS"1029'JI16OJKA$(I),CA$(I),E(I,0),E(I,1),E(I,2)VJ I\J iJR8.3142JL1$"1."KA$(1)" 2."KA$(2)" 3."KA$(3)" 4."KA$(4)JL2$"5."KA$(5)" 6."KA$(6)JJK***GRAPH***KLCC0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)"(1-4)" IN4(1)350:N5(1)17507IN4(2)1:N5(2)1500KIN4(3)1:N5(3)6_IN4(4)1:N5(4)3jII13ICC(I)0:C(I)0:VC(I)0IIIR4100ICC0IU$(1)"Hours":U$(2)"Minutes":U$(3)"Seconds"ITU(1)3600:TU(2)60:TU(3)1IJY$2H*****INITIALISE*****2H9340: INITIALISEIHC$(0)"Ratio 3:1"HC$(1)"Temp. (K)":N$(1)"temperature":R$(1)"(350-1750)"HC$(2)"Pres. (atm)":N$(2)"pressure":R$(2)"(1-1500)"HC$(3)"Catalyst":N$(3)"catalyst":R$(3)"(1-6)"IR$(3)GY$"/"716GO11#GY$"*")G3GY$""KG(Z$,A7,1)","750`GY$Y$(Z$,A7,1)lGA7A71GA7(Z$)742GG G O10GY$GY$"KEYWORDS"782GG A78640G%Z$"++ To begin type START":6100G'7300H*60,2200FO10 FO(O$)6360FVT21:80009F602FFVT22:1|FZ$"++ That is not an option in this unit,":6100FZ$" see leaflet Z or try HELP.":6100F7300F600FO11714FZ$O$FA7OF740FOA71FA7(Y$)(Y$,(Z$)1,1)","6243EnZ$(Y$,1,(Z$))632QEpY$"END OF KEYWORDS"652YErO$bEt614jExO$rEzO1{E|700E}A709990E~G11800EA710646EA71100,1200,1300,1400,1500,9990,1600,1700,1800,1900E648FA7102000,2100XC2)XC1$D(25);:FULL SCREEN.DG11;DLG(10)ED1000YD2000: EXPLAINbDXP71qDYHH1:VV21DZMY12:Z$" Option :"D\HH:VV:6000D^Y$""604D`Z$Y$Db7730Dd780DfY$Dh(Y$)(Z$)624Dj(Y$)(Z$)622Elor this program are available"JC"from Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd."PCVCoC7300: RET TO CONTC***MAIN PROGRAM***CC$(3),N$(3),R$(4),N4(4),N5(4),U$(3)CC(3),CC(3),VC(3),G(3,12),E(6,2),CA$(6),KA$(6) DW(X)(((C5XC4)XC3)"BxB}"Chemistry"B:B"Synthesis of Ammonia"@BhB"Haber2: Version R1 December 1981"nBB"Authors: R Edens, K Shaw, J Chatterton"B"Program: J Bright, J Sotillo"BBB"Students' and Teacher'S Notes needed"C"f+A8Y$(Y$,1,(Y$)1):(8);" ";(8);:52LA:CY$" "(Y$)MYĺ(7);:52VA<CY$;vA>(CY$)95CY$((CY$)32)A@Y$Y$CY$:52Ad9500:9900:9340: INITIALISE LIBRARYAi9560:SET GRAPHICS MODEAnBs"Chelsea Science Simulation ProjectB@ PROGRAM:HABER2+@ CONDUIT REVISIONG@ AUGUST 1983; K. DAIKERl@ COPYRIGHT CHELSEA COLLEGE 1981@ FOR USE ONLY IN INSTITUTION SUPPLIED@ NO AMENDMENTS@100@216368,0:Y$""@4CY$:CY$(13)ı@6CY$(8)58A7(Y$)058                      erature, pressure "?^"and catalyst on the rate of reaction"e^"between nitrogen and hydrogen."k^^"You have to set values for -"^^" 1. Temperature"^^" 2. Pressure^^" 3. Catalyst"_6160:G111952]73006]3200: REPLOT SCREEN<]O]***EXPLAIN***h]9560:GRAPHICS MODE]"Synthesis of Ammonia - The Haber Process"]"Part 2 : Reaction Rate"]]"This part allows you to investigate"^"the effect of temp$Y$" "8\(Y$)10Z$Y$("..........",1,10(Y$))a\(Z$)(H$)40Z$Z$H$:6100:1946q\A73011\(H$,A7,1)" "1942\Z$Z$(H$,1,A71):6100\H$(H$,A71,(H$)A7)\A70\A7\Z$" ":1930\Z$:1918]lears the display":6100?[vZ$"Do you still want HELP ":6060U[xR70İ6160:1976s[zG10Ė1:1:(26);(16);}[{1:5[|780[~Z$:Z$"END OF KEYWORDS"1948[A71:740: STRING TO COMMA[(Y$)(Z$)1946[H$(Z$,A71,(Z$)A7)\Z(3)A7!Z8I3:3100: PLOT VALUE,Z:1:205Z<G10MZ>1400: TIME OPTIONSZ@cZk***HELP***ZlP71:G11Ė1:1:(26);(16);:1:2:1904Zo1:21ZpZ$"Keywords are explained in leaflet Z.":6100:6160ZrG111914[tZ$"The HELP option c:6100Y,1:22:Z$L2$:6100(Y06160Y121:"1.None 2.Osmium 3.Tungsten 4.Iron 5.Molybdenum 6.Manganese(IV) Oxide"Y223:Z$"Which catalyst (1-6) "Y36020Y4(A7)A7A76A71Z$"++ Type 1,2,3,4,5 or 6":1842Y51:21:(6);Z6CX1:22:(6);0XN30:N4N4(K):N5N5(K):N61gXM$" "N$(K)" "R$(K)" ":E$N$(K)" should be"X4000: INPUT NUMBERXN60XC(K)A7X1:21X IK:3100: PLOT VALUEX"KX&700:Y$"*"1846X'1:21:(6);X(1841Y*Z$L1$SLMLSL:1756WI3110WCC(I)0LI7WIDWL4L0JW[W***START***rW1000: INITIALISEW3000: SET UP SCREENWK12W700:Y$"*"1822WZ$"What is the value for"W39:24:(23);W1:21:(22);W6100VN61:1708VN60$VCC(M)0EVIQQ:3100: PLOT VALUES NVSLL^VG111744VLM:P90:3500: PLOT POINTS LVVC(M)0V3600: AXESVL13VCC(L)01742V3500: GRAPH LVLVG12İ5001:9520: CLEAR TABLEWons to DELETE":6100:7300)UN60İ7003U1756EU1:22:(6);oUM$"Which set do you wish to DELETE?"UE$"Indicate which set by typing"UN30:N41:N53U4000: INPUTUMA7:CC(M)01722VZ$"That set already deleted":6100:73001614ETLZ$"++ Nothing to ADD, use CHANGE first.":6100:7300:1620TTNTC01618TPZ$"++ Can't ADD, TIME has changed.":6100:7300:1620TRP93:3500: PLOT POINTS LTTT***DELETE***TQQ(CC(1)CC(2)CC(3))01708UZ$"++ No conditi SL13SVC(L)01530?SVC(L)0:3500: PLOT POINTS LFSLYSTC0:LSL:G11_SnS?***ADD***}S@QQ01606SB1100: GRAPHSD1620SFG111610SHZ$"++ Can't ADD before GRAPH.":6100:7300:1620TJCC(L)(CC(1)CC(2)CC(3))01RF0F0RA71F12/RA71E5F15RHR***RESCALE***WRTC11518`RR40kRI13}RVC(I)01514RJ112RG(I,J)R4R4G(I,J)RJRIRR410(1(R410)):SLLR5001:9520R3600: AXESS3400: LABELS0:21:(6);EQA71E12Z$"++ Interval too small for these units"QA7121E9Z$"++ Interval too large in these units"QA71E12A7121E9İ6100:1414QT3A7TU(TU):T2T312:TC1QJ13QVC(J)0QJQF13((A7)LG)RF5FU$(2)" 3. "U$(3)" " P22*P60202P23lP(A71)(A72)(A73)0Z$"++ TYPE 1,2 OR 3 ":1408PTUA7:1:21:(6);P700:Y$"*"1422P21P6160:Z$"What is the interval in "U$(TU):6100PZ$"between measurements " Q602C(I)0LIO<I)O>L0N61:1700:LM>O@N60:CC(L)CC(0)ZODICC:3100: PLOT VALUEfOFQQCC:vOw***TIME***Ox1:20Oy700:Y$"*"1412Oz6160O{Z$"Is the time interval given in"O|1:21:(6);O}6100P~Z$"1. "U$(1)" 2. "C4AC5:C39B6AA:C2D9E:C1E,n4400:nZ142Z2QnZ10Z1200Z2Z1Wnpn/***SOLVE QUARTIC***n0Z30:Z4.99n2W1W(Z3):W2W(Z4)n4(W1)(W2)İ4500:4422n64410n8(Z3Z4).0014422n:Z2(Z3Z4)2n<WW(Z2)o>(W)E2(E2T)3mlA1(2Z1E(C(3),0))((100Z1)E2)E1PmpK1A1E1:K2E(C(3),0)E2_mrMM1K2K1imxNNNvmzLLK1K2|m|m***CALCULATE %NH3***mK64.556E5(5535.51C(1)7.65631)mKK6C(2)C(2)4mA4:B3K:C27K:D3B:E3D"nC5C4: A WHOLE NUMBER.":6100:4011$lG10İ5001:9520&j@K13 87601c@ I:cA P92@cB Yc ***REPLOT SCREEN***sc 3000: SET UP SCREEN~c K13c IK:3100: PLOT VALUESc Kc G12İ1200:3226c G113226c SLLc 3600:3400: AXES/&ABELSd CC0L1:351:V0175I:8390b* 3138&b, I13Ib. CC(I)0Z$" ":3130Xb0 A7I:7850fb2 A$Z$"."b3 J3Z$A$" "CA$(CC(I)):3130b4 A7CC(I):A84:A9(A7(A7))b6 7660: FORMb8 Z$A$Z$b: U02:V0195JI:8390b; P93:CC(I)0P90 c~sA713A72:O~tA78A73:c~uZ$(A7):A71:v~N T8:T9:Z$;:~ (U0SASB)71.5:20(V0SCSD)8.5:Z$;:~8"XU0SASB:YV0SCSD:8790~V"3((P9)):C9C9(C95):C90ēX,159Y:X"C93(Z$):%}Z$(A7):A70Z$" "Z$+}C}T$"":U42S70ın}ZDU421:(Z$,ZD,1)" "ZCZD:ZD0}ZD:ZC0ZCU41}T$(Z$,1,ZC1):Z$(Z$,ZC1):L9(Z$):}@34,VT1:(16);:34,0}J1:VT:(6);:}T1:22:VT22:8000:,~rA7122ZA)(ZA97)0ZAZA327|4T$T$(ZA):ZB:Z$T$:L|FX$(Y$,S8,S9):q|xA70:R80:7730:Z$"END"R81:|y(Z$)0R82:|zZA1(Z$):ZB115:(Z$,ZA,1)("0123456789.-E+ ",ZB,1)ZB16:ZB:7805|{ZB:R83:ZA300|}ZA:R83ı}~A7{ZC0Y$"-"Y$:L9L91R{L9(A8)Z$"*":I91(A8)(A9):Z$Z$"*":I9:x{(A8)L9Y$" "Y$:L9L91:7666{A90Z$Y$:{A7(ZD(ZXA7))ZD:Q90:7600:Z$Y$"."(Z$,3,(A9)):{2T$"":(Z$)1ı|3ZB1(Z$):ZA((Z$,ZB,1)):(Q91(8ZB)(ZB2)0Q91:LzX$"0.":I81ZB1:X$X$"0":I8:U$X$U$gzZ$"-":(A7)1Z$" "|zZ$Z$U$:Q91:zZC(A7):ZD10(A9):A7(A7)0.5ZD:ZXA7:A7(A7):Q90:7600:L9(Z$)1:Y$(Z$,2,L9)zZC0A80Y$"+"Y$:L9L91:7664:U$"":S80:I81(Z$):X$(Z$,I8,1):X$"-"X$"."X$" "7602_yX$"E"S8I8:I8200:7603lyU$U$Z$yI8:S80Q91:yZB((Z$,S81)):ZA(ZB):ZB(ZB):ZA07608yQ91(8ZB)(ZB5)0Q91:yI81ZB(U$)1:U$U$"0":I8:610z340xD71C7İ7340:D71!x-x8A70ısx9ZA(A7):A7(A7):ZX("1E-"(A81)):ZBA81((A7)2.30259ZX)x:ZX("1E"(ZB)):A7ZA(A7ZX0.5)ZX:xLZX("1E"(A8)):A7(A7ZX0.5)ZX:xL71:D71:Q81:(16);:V40Ģ24x@y785023:"++ Invalid character in number";9wP71:D71:L71Iw7300:7351swQ80:U4((P7)):ZBD71:ZBU4ZBU4wS71İ7850wZBL91C7U4C7ZB1:7880:ZB);T$:ZB1:7340:7404wS72ĺZB);Z$;:D7ZBL9xS72(P70D71C7)ĺ:D71:7Press RETURN to continue";(v16368,0Av(16384)1417331PvV407342ivL7L71:L7M77320ovvZZ$Z$:H1(36)1:V1(37)1vH1:V1:VTV1:8000v16368,0:D71:L71:(P7));ZZ$;" ";:50:E70ıvZ$Y$:7800:F91R82ı&w$Z$:Y$"Y"Y$"YES"R71:7uY$"N"Y$"NO"R70:Bu24:1uuP71:Z$"++ Please reply with YES or NO":6060uL9(Z$):S70:7400uL9((A7))1:S71:7400uZAP7:P7(P7):6100:P7ZA:6120uL90:S72:7400u$7580u1:24v""Iron","Fe ",5E18,16700,213200Nt/"Molybdenum","Mo ",5.11E18,176200,222400t4"Manganese(IV) Oxide","MnO2",5E18,283800,330000tn MERGE - 7480SIGF, 7660FORM,SHAPEto MINLIB APPLE 17.5.82tpE70:7350tE71:7350uE70:7350:Z$Y$:7730:Y2"Fs "DEMO","9,500,1000,2,3,0.1,1,12,3,1,490,7,12,4,3,0.2,1,12,2"hs "FINISH,To end program","0"s"END OF KEYWORDS"s"None","None",5E18,283800,330000s "Osmium","Os ",5E18,134800,181000s%"Tungsten","W ",4.09E17,115600,161800t*a axis","5"6r "ADD,Graph of latest conditions","7"ar "DELETE,Conditions and graphs","8,*"r "START,Deletes all current values","9,*,*,*,*,*"r "HELP,To display list of keywords","10"r "EXPLAIN,A brief introduction","11"s"PAUSE","1OORDS qq"KEYWORDS"Dq "GRAPH,Graph of latest conditions"Mq"1"{q "TABLE,To display table of results","2"q "CHANGE,To change one parameter","3,/"q "TIME,To set duration of experiment","4,*,*" r "RESCALE,To rescale the ammonip(W1)(W2)4502+p(W1)(W2)45149pZ2Z2.01?pupG80:H80:G940:H920:V80:U80:U940:V920:5005pG813:H83:G939:H919:V80:U80:U926:V916:5005pG813:H85:G939:H918:U8T3:V85:U9T2T3:V9R45:5005q9170: WINDOW C(W1)Z3Z2:W1W:44088o@(W)(W2)Z4Z2:W2W:4408FoBW04422VoDW10Z2Z3\oFro*** FIND ROOT***oZ2.75:W1W(Z2)oW2W1:Z2Z2.01oZ214506oZ21:Z$"++ CAUTION, MODEL AT LIMIT OF VALIDITY.":6100o4514oW1W(Z2):P71:F90:Q91:V40:/'::(4);"RUN MENU"C'VT23:8000:23y'"++ SHOULD BE A NUMBER FROM "(N4)" TO "(N5)$'CC3Ģ21:4011.'23:4011V0:P93}$E91:C900$U80:V80:U940:V920:L$X80:Y80:X9280:Y9160R$k%4096:V41:(16);:ρ0%Z$(" ",G81,G9G8):XG8:YH8H91:X1:Y1:Z$;:Y:X%(16);:V40:7580&M724:C740:D71:L71(X02)2P9:X12(X12)2P97"X0,159Y0X1,159Y1I"U0U1:V0V1:u#X8G87:Y9160H88:X9G97:Y8160H98#SA(X9X8)(U9U8):SBX8U8SA:SC(Y9Y8)(V9V8):SDY8V8SC:À"$9170h$9500:9170:U0U8:V0V8:|$9380:G80:H80:G940:H9288004Z"C93ēX4E9,159Y:X4E9,159Y:C92ı[\"X,159(Y3E9):X,159(Y3E9):`"X4E9,159(Y3E9):X,159(Y3E9):X4E9,159(Y3E9)b"X4E9,159(Y3E9):"P9:X0SAU0SB:Y0SCV0SD:X1SAU1SB:Y1SCV1SD:P91P92X02NDI13NFCC(I)0LI:I3%NHI=NJL0N61:1800:LMFNLN60VNNCC(L)CC(0)NPI((2CCVC)3):3100: PLOT FIXED VALUENRQQCC:Nv OPTION 4: RESCALENxG11VC(1)VC(2)VC(3)01404NzZ$"++ Can't rescale YIELD graph.":6100:143600:7300M11304"M2CC(1)C(CC)9M4700:Y$"*"1346IM5VT21:8000rM6Z$"What is the new value for":6100M8M$" "N$(CC)" "R$(CC)" "M:E$N$(CC)" should be"M<N30:N4N4(CC):N5N5(CC)M>N61:4000: INPUTNM@N60MBCC(0)A7:L0 PPER CASEL$I13#L&IVC1322AL(Z$(N$(I),1,(Z$))CCIHL*IXL,CC01330L-VC1Z$"++ Please type either PRESSURE or RATIO"L.VC2Z$"++ Please type TEMPERATURE or RATIO"L/VC3Z$"++ Please type TEMPERATURE or PRESSURE"M061 TABULATE VALUES LKG12"K9K OPTION 3: CHANGEIKCC01332`K700:Y$"*"1314pKVT21:8000KZ$"Do you want to change":6100KI1:IVCI2KZ$N$(I):II1:IVCII1K Z$Z$" or "N$(I):6000 L"Z$Y$:7730: LOWER TO U DELETE CONDITIONS#JT3600: AXES6JV3400: LABELSPJX3500: PLOT POINTS LVJZlJ OPTION 2: TABLEJCC0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)01204JZ$"++ No condition to tabulate.":6100:1212J3900: DELETE CONDITIONSJ3700: HEADINGSK3800::N5(1)1750"IN4(2)1:N5(2)15006IN4(3)1:N5(3)9DICC0:RC0OII13cICC(I)0:VC(I)0jIIuIR4100{IIJ OPTION 1: GRAPHILCC0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)01104INZ$"++ No condition to GRAPH.":6100:1114IPG11:R4100JR3900: H(7300H*602#H INITIALISECH9340: INITIALISE GRAPHICSHC$(1)"Temp. (K) ":N$(1)"TEMPERATURE":R$(1)"(350-1750)"HC$(2)"Pres. (atm)":N$(2)"PRESSURE":R$(2)"(1-1500)"HC$(3)"Ratio H:N ":N$(3)"RATIO":R$(3)"(H 1-9)" IN4(1)350GY$"/"716GO11#GY$"*")G3GY$""KG(Z$,A7,1)","750`GY$Y$(Z$,A7,1)lGA7A71GA7(Z$)742GG G O10GY$GY$"KEYWORDS"782GG A78640G"VTV9:8000G%Z$"++ To begin type START.":6100O(O$)636FVTVV:8000'F6007FVT22:8000mFZ$"++ That is not an option in this unit,":6100FZ$" see leaflet Z or try HELP.":6100FGOSUB6160F7300F602FO11714FZ$O$FA7OF740FOA71FA7(Y$)Z$(Y$,1,(Z$))6323EpY$"End of keywords"652;ErO$DEt614LExO$TEzO1]E|700lE}A709990|E~G11ī800EA710646EA710V41EA71100,1200,1300,1400,1500,1600,1700,1800,1900,2000E648EA7102100,2200EO10F2100: EXPLAIN OPTION&DXP71:1:21@DYHH(36)1:VV(37)1ZDZMY12:Z$" Option :"D\VTVV:8000:HH:VV:(6);:6000D^Y$""604D`Z$Y$Db7730Dd780DfY$Dh(Y$)(Z$)624Dj(Y$)(Z$)622Dl(Y$,(Z$)1,1)","624En"for this program are available"MC"from Adward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd."SCYCxC7300: PRESS RETURN ETC.C MAIN PROGRAMCC(3),CC(3),VC(3),G(3,12),C$(3),N$(3),R$(3),N4(3),N5(3)CW(X)C1X(C2X(C3X(C4XC5)))CG11D"BxB}"Chemistry"B:B"Synthesis of Ammonia"@BhB"Haber1: Version R1 December 1981"nBB"Authors : R Edens, K Shaw, J Chatterton"B"Program : J Bright, R Millwood"BBB"Students' and Teacher's Notes needed"!C)0581A8Y$(Y$,1,(Y$)1):(8);" ";(8);:52RA:CY$" "(Y$)MYĺ(7);:52\A<CY$;|A>(CY$)95CY$((CY$)32)A@Y$Y$CY$:52Ad9900:9340: INITIALISE LIBRARYAi9500: SET GRAPHICS MODEAnBs"Chelsea Science Simulation ProjectD@ PROGRAM:HABER1+@ CONDUIT REVISIONG@ AUGUST 1983; K. DAIKERl@ COPYRIGHT CHELSEA COLLEGE 1981@ FOR USE ONLY IN INSTITUTION SUPPLIED@ NO AMENDMENTS@100@216368,0:Y$""@4CY$:CY$(13)ĺCY$;:@6CY$(8)58A7(Y$                !!! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!""" " " " " """""""""    H$,A7,1)" "2042/^Z$Z$(H$,1,A71):6100J^H$(H$,A71,(H$)A7)S^A70[^A7u^Z$" ":2030^Z$:2018^6160:G112052^7320^2300^QQ1:^2 OPTION 11: EXPLAIN^49500:SET GRAPHICS MODE_6"Synthesis o KEYWORDS,]Z$:Z$"End of keywords"2048Q]A71:740: FIND STRING TO COMMAg](Y$)(Z$)2046]H$(Z$,A71,(Z$)A7)]Z$Y$" "](Y$)10Z$Y$(".........",1,10(Y$))](Z$)(H$)40Z$Z$H$:6100:2046]A73011^(\V40İ7580:2004!\1:21Z\Z$"Keywords are explained on leaflet Z":6100:6160i\V402016q\22\Z$"The HELP option clears the display":6100\Z$"Do you still want HELP?":6060\R70İ6160:2052\9560 ]780: RESTORE TO12[VT22:8010([JI:JVCJJ1H[M$" "N$(J)" "R$(J)" "b[E$N$(J)" should be"}[N30:N4N4(J):N5N5(J)[4000: INPUTN[C(J)A7[3100: PLOT FIXED VALUE I[I[1500: RANGE OPTION[[ OPTION 10: HELP\P71Z$"++ Type 1,2 or 3 ":1920&ZVCA7@Z3000: SET UP SCREENMZO1O:J0XZI14pZ700:Y$"*"JJ1wZIZOO1ZJ41946ZZ$"What are the fixed values for :"ZJ3Z$"What is the fixed value for :"Z1:21Z6100[Iа6100:6160DYzZ$" 3. Ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen":6100:6160Y|Z$"The other two must have fixed values.":6100:6160Y~Z$"Which is to vary?( 1-3 ) "YH91:V9(37)1:VTV9YH9:V9:8000:6020:INPUT NUMBERZ(A71)(A72)(A73)0000: INITIALISE1Xn700: GET OPTION LIST VALUEKXo13:QQ1ĺ(16);:13]XpY$"*"1924}XrV41İ9560: SET TEXT MODEXs1:5XtZ$"You can choose to vary any one of :":6100:6160XvZ$" 1. Temperature":6100:6160 YxZ$" 2. Pressure":"W(LM:P90:3500: PLOT POINTS L3W*3600: AXES>W,L13PW.CC(L)01842jW03500: PLOT POINTS LqW2LW4G12İ5001:9520W6VC(M)0W8NMLN:1856W:CC(3)0L3W<CC(2)0L2W>CC(1)0L1W@Wj OPTION 9: STARTXl1TE "*VE$"Indicate which set by typing"=VN31:N41:N53PV4000: INPUTNhVMA7:CC(M)01822VZ$"That set already DELETEd.":6100VN61:1808VN60V CC(M)0V"I((2QQVC)3):3100: PLOT FIXED VALUE(S)V$NLV&G111844 RANGE has changed.":6100:7300:1720@U3500: PLOT POINTS LFU]U OPTION 8: DELETEUQQ(CC(1)CC(2)CC(3))01807U Z$"++ No condition to DELETE.":6100:7300U N60İ700U1856UVT21:8000VM$"Which set do you wish to DELEQQ01706"T1100: GRAPH OPTION,T1720;TG111710tTZ$"++ Can't ADD before GRAPHing.":6100:7300:1720TCC(L)(CC(1)CC(2)CC(3))01714TZ$"++ Nothing to ADD, use CHANGE first.":6100:7300:1720TRC01718&UZ$"++ Can't ADD,LETE CONDITIONSSJR4100+SL3600: AXES4SNG13GSP3400: LABELS]SRQQ0C(CC)CC(L)vST5002:C9(3L)(3L)SVI012SXC(VC)R1IR3SZ4100: MODELS\U0C(VC):V0Z2100.5:V0100V0100S^8760S`ISbS OPTION 7 :ADD TR3(R2R1)12RRC1-RM13:VC(M)0:M3RIR> OPTION 6: YIELDXR@VC31604RBZ$"++ YIELD only for varying ratio H:N.":6100:7300:1634RDQQ0CC(1)CC(2)CC(3)01608RFZ$"++ No condition for YIELD.":6100:7300:1634SH3900: DE"Q1:22:(6);&Q4000: INPUTN8Q1:23:(6);BQR2A7[Q3300: PLOT MAXIMUMmQR2R101530Q1:22:(6);QZ$"++ MINIMUM must be less than MAXIMUM,":6100QZ$" Please retype both.":6100Q7300QN61:1500QN60R5: RANGE,PM$"MINIMUM "N$(VC)" "R$(VC)RPE$"MINIMUM "N$(VC)" should be"oPN30:N4N4(VC):N5N5(VC)P1:22:(6);P4000: INPUTNPR1A7P3200: PLOT MINIMUMPM$"MAXIMUM "N$(VC)" "R$(VC)QE$"MAXIMUM "N$(VC)" should beO|R40O~M13$OVC(M)014160OI012IOG(M,I)R4R4G(M,I)POIWOMrOR410(1(R410)):NLO5001:9520O3600: AXESO3400: LABELSOL13OVC(L)01432O3500: PLOT POINTS LOLOLNOP OPTION NPUTN"nN60İ700:Y$"*"4020G10İ5001:9520m@M13mBMLCC(M)03912mDCC(M)0:VC(M)0mFI((2CCVC)3):3100: PLOT FIXED VALUESmHMmJn*** I9(A7(A7)):VC3A82)l7660: FORM>lVC3Z$Z$":1"MlU00:8390hlVC(L)0İ4100: MODELlA7G(L,I):A83:A9(A7(A7)):7660: FORMlU010:8390lVC(L)1KP4.556E5(5535.51C(1)7.65631)lA7KP1E5:A83:7480: SIGFmA82:V013.5:U125.9:V1V0:8860BkU07.5:V013.5:U1U0:V10:8860gkU017.5:V013.5:U1U0:V10:8860pkP93vkk TABULATE VALUES Lk5001: WINDOW/VIEWPORT 1kCC0C(CC)CC(L)kI012kC(VC)R1IR3kV012IlA7C(VC):A84:AU1R1:V10:8860 jC91:87600jU1R2:8860?jC93:8760HjP93Nj ]jr HEADINGS{jt5001: WINDOW/VIEWPORT 1jvZ$(C$(VC),1,5)" % AMMONIA 5"jxU00:V015:8390jzZ$(C$(VC),7,5)" Equilibrium Kpx10"j|V014:8390k~P9NDOW/VIEWPORT 2%i CC0C(CC)CC(L)8i C9(3L)(3L)Di I012Vi C(VC)R1IR3qi VC(L)0İ4100: MODELi U0C(VC):V0G(L,I):V0R4İ8760i Ii VC(L)1i i AXESi5002: WINDOW/VIEWPORT 2iP92iU0R1:V0R4:C92:8760j(A7)):VC3A82#hV 7660: FORM8hX VC3Z$Z$":1"LhZ U00:V00:8390jh\ U08:V00:Z$C$(VC):8390h^ A7R2:A85:A9(A7(A7)):VC3A83h` 7660: FORMhb VC3Z$Z$":1"hd U019:V00:8390hf RC0hh h PLOT POINTS Li 5002: WI8390 g gF LABELS6gH 5001: WINDOW/VIEWPORT 1ygJ Z$"% Ammonia in Eqm. Mixture":G13Z$"% Nitrogen Converted"gL U01:V015:8390gN A7R4:A83:A9(A7(A7)):7660: FORMgP U00:V014:8390gR U00:V01:Z$"0":8390hT A7R1:A84:A9(A73f 7660: FORM4f Z$"from"Z$:VC3Z$Z$":1"Nf VC3A90Z$Z$" "bf U01:V02:8390hf {f PLOT MAXIMUMf A7R2:A85:A9(A7(A7)):VC3A83f 7660: FORMf Z$" to "Z$:VC3Z$Z$":1"f VC3A90Z$Z$" "g U01:V01:):A85:A9(A7(A7)):J3A830e8 7660: FORMDe: J3Z$Z$":1"Re< U03:P93\e> 8390e@ U011:V0V0.5:C9(3K)(3K):8760: PLOT POINTeB KeD P93eF e~ PLOT MINIMUMe 5000: WINDOW/VIEWPORT 0f A7R1:A85:A9(A7(A7)):VC3A8 A7C(J):A87:A9(A7(A7)):J3A857d$ 7660: FORMKd& J3Z$Z$":1"dd( U01:V0206I:8390nd* 3142yd, K13d. U01:V021K6Id0 CC(K)0Z$" ":P90:3134d2 A7K:7850: NUMBER TO STRINGd4 Z$(Z$,2,1)".":8390e6 A7CC(Kc U01:Z$C$(I):8390>c U0.9:V0V04.5:U112.2:V1V0:8860Lc V0V01.5Sc Ilc U01:Z$C$(VC):8390c V0V01:Z$"varies":8390c P93:G10c c PLOT FIXED VALUE(S) Ic 5000: WINDOW/VIEWPORT 0c JI:JVCJJ1c JCC3116&d"D":8390?b U04:V018:Z$"ADD DELETE START HELP FINISH":8390jb P92:U0.9:V017.5:U112.2:V1V0:8860b V1.7:8860:U1.9:8860:V117.5:8860b U012.7:U139.3:8860:V1.7:8860b U112.7:8860:V117.5:8860b V016b I13b IVC3026UMa G1LL:G12İ1200:2326.a G112326>a 3600:3400Ga LLLRa L13da VC(L)02324~a 3500: PLOT POINTS La La LLLa a SET UP SCREENa 5000:9320: SET GRAPHICSb U01:V019:Z$"GRAPH TABLE CHANGE RESCALE RANGE YIELtion"+`F"between nitrogen and hydrogen."=`H:G112126G`J7320Q`L2300W`Nn` OPTION 12: PAUSEz`7320:`***REPLOT SCREEN****`LLG1:3000: SET UP SCREEN`I12` 3100` I` 3200: PLOT MINIMUMa 3300: PLOT MAXIMf Ammonia - The Haber Process"$_8I_:"Part 1 : Equilibrium Position"O_<~_>"This part allows you to investigate the"_@"effect of temperature, pressure and the"_B"ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen on the"`D"equilibrium position in the reac(ZXA7))ZD:Q90:7600:Z$Y$"."(Z$,3,(A9)):E~2T$"":(Z$)1ı~3ZB1(Z$):ZA((Z$,ZB,1)):(122ZA)(ZA97)0ZAZA32~4T$T$(ZA):ZB:Z$T$:~FX$(Y$,S8,S9):~xA70:R80:Z$"END"R81:~y(Z$)0R82:7zZA1(Z$):ZB117(A7)0.5ZD:ZXA7:A7(A7):Q90:7600:L9(Z$)1:Y$(Z$,2,L9)h}ZC0A80Y$"+"Y$:L9L91:7664}ZC0Y$"-"Y$:L9L91}L9(A8)Z$"*":I91(A8)(A9):Z$Z$"*":I9:}(A8)L9Y$" "Y$:L9L91:7666}A90Z$Y$:0~A7(ZDZA(ZB):ZB(ZB):ZA07608=|Q91(8ZB)(ZB5)0Q91:f|I81ZB(U$)1:U$U$"0":I8:7610|Q91(8ZB)(ZB2)0Q91:|X$"0.":I81ZB1:X$X$"0":I8:U$X$U$|Z$"-":(A7)1Z$" "|Z$Z$U$:Q91:A}ZC(A7):ZD10(A9):A0.5)ZX:3{LZX("1E"(A8)):A7(A7ZX0.5)ZX:Y{L71:D71:Q81:(16);:V40Ģ24_{{7850:U$"":S80:I81(Z$):X$(Z$,I8,1):X$"-"X$"."X$" "7602{X$"E"S8I8:I8200:7603{U$U$Z${I8:S80Q91:|ZB((Z$,S81)):C7ZB1:7880:ZB);T$:ZB1:7340:7404EzS72ĺZB);Z$;:D7ZBL9lzS72(P70D71C7)ĺ:D71:7340zD71C7İ7340:D71zz8A70ız9ZA(A7):A7(A7):ZX("1E-"(A81)):ZBA81((A7)2.30259ZX) {:ZX("1E"(ZB)):A7ZA(A7ZX(37)1yH2:V2LyD71:L71:(P7));ZZ$;" ";:50:Z$Y$:7730:E70ıcy7800:F91R82ıuy1:23:(6);y"++ Invalid character in number":P71:7300:8020:7352yQ80:U4((P7)):ZBD71:ZBU4ZBU4yS71İ7850'zZBL91C7U4P7ZA:6120xL90:S72:7400)x$75804x1:24Ux"Press RETURN to continue";cx16368,0|x(16384)1417330x16368,0:36,0:37,(37)1::868:D71:L71:Q81:7342xV407342xL7L71:L7M77320xyZZ$Z$:H2(36)1:V2wE71:7350HwE70:7350:Z$Y$:7730:Y$Z$:Y$"Y"Y$"YES"R71:cwY$"N"Y$"NO"R70:swVT23:8000wP71:Z$"++ Please reply with YES or NO":7300:21:6060wL9(Z$):S70:7400wL9((A7))1:S71:7400 xZAP7:P7(P7):6100:"v"PAUSE"v "12":v"FINISH,to end the program"Dv "0"Qv "DEMO"v "9,1,1000,3,400,1000,1,12,3,PRESSURE,500,7,12,5,350,700,1,12,2"v "End of keywords"vn MERGE - 7480SIGF,7660FORM,SHAPEvo MINLIB APPLE 17.5.82wpE70:7350"6")u"ADD,graph of latest conditions"3u "7"Wu"DELETE,conditions and graphs"cu "8,*"u"START,deletes all current values"u "9,*,*,*,*,*"u"HELP,to display list of keywords"u "10"u"EXPLAIN,a brief introduction"v "11BLE,to display table of results"*t "2"Vt"CHANGE,to change one fixed parameter"bt "3,/"t"RESCALE,to rescale the ammonia axis"t "4"t"RANGE,to rescale the horizontal axis"t "5,*,*"t "YIELD,for graph of %N converted"u G80:H80:G940:H920:U80:V80:U940:V920:5009isG813:H83:G939:H919:U80:V80:U926:V916:5009sG813:H85:G939:H918:U8R1R3:V85:U9R2R3:V9R45:5009s9170:s"KEYWORDS"s"GRAPH,Graph of latest conditions"s"1" t"TAROOT NEAR BOUNDARY'rZ2.75:W1W(Z2);rW2W1:Z2Z2.01KrZ214308rZ$"++ Caution-model at limit of validity":6100:Z21:4316rW1W(Z2)r(W1)(W2)4302r(W1)(W2)4316rZ2Z2.01rr WINDOW/VIEWPORT COMBINATIONS2sqjW1W(Z3):W2W(Z4)3ql(W1)(W2)İ4222:4226DqnZ2(Z3Z4)2QqpWW(Z2)rqr(W)(W1)Z3Z2:W1W:4216qt(W)(W2)Z4Z2:W2W:4216qv4220qx(Z3Z4).0014226qz4206q|W04226q~W10Z2Z3:4226qZ2Z4qr FIND D4p C5C4:C4AC5:C39B(3H)AA:C2D9E:C1ENp4200: SOLVE QUARTICqpZ11H2Z2:Z10Z1200Z2Z1pZ10Z$"++ Model invalid at this point.":6100:6160pG(L,I)Z1.5pG(L,I)0G(L,I)0ppf SOLVE QUARTICphZ30:Z4.990:Z$L$Z$:6100o7300$o4002>oN3(A6(A6))04020Ho8020XoZ$E$:6100oZ$" a whole number.":6100:4012oo MODELoTC(1):PC(2):HC(3)oKP4.556E5(5535.51T7.65631)oKKPPP4p AH1:BHK:C27K:DHB:EH