' +JJJJ ?\>m0M='+l> /+l   d]@ŵLҦ]]LF L}BBL] X  ` L 鷎귭෍ᷩ췩緈JJJJx Lȿ L8ᷭ緍췩 緍i 8 `巬 췌`x (`(8`I`B` ``>J>J>VU)?`8'x0|&HhHh VY)'&Y)xꪽ)' `Hh`V0^*^*>&` aI꽌ɪVɭ&Y&&Y& 꽌ɪ\8`&&꽌ɪɖ'*&%&,E'зЮ꽌ɪФ`+*xS&x'8*3Ixix&& 8  '  & x)*++`FG8`0($ p,&"LɺɺLƩ  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@L@距i@췩뷩A񷩷 0L i@LπҠӠˠĠ٠ŠҧӠŠŢ80^݌Hh ü ü݌ ռ ռ ռA ļD ļ? ļAEDE?HJ>h Լ ռ ռ ռ`HJ>݌h Hh݌`葠葠ȔЖȔЖȠHIHHHHhHH݌hHhHh݌H6 ˆʎõĵL õ ĵµ aµ`` L̦µ_bJLuLz`  ȟ QlXJ̥KlV  ȟ QlV eօ3L e3L &RL &QL d L4 Ne)n ``ff L f`L . tQLѤ LҦL` OPu d L Ne)noon 8ɍ` ^f\õL ^NR  RΩLҦ)\Z ʽ LHv 3h`0h8` [L NС õ`A@` ŵL^Lõ`  \ 濭0 \  ȟ Q ^\lZl^?cqH şch`fhjõĵ@OAP`u@`@&`QR`E Ls  @DAE@u`8` %@ @A@`@`@A`Mµ ) LЦ`8@AWc@8@-@HAȑ@hHȑ@ȑ@hHȑ@Ȋ@ch8&ȑ@Hȑ@Ah@LHȑ@ȑ@ htphso`hMhL`9V8U897T6S67`INILOASAVRUCHAIDELETLOCUNLOCCLOSREAEXEWRITPOSITIOOPEAPPENRENAMCATALOMONOMOPRINMAXFILEFINBSAVBLOABRUVERIF!pppp p p p p`" t""#x"p0p@p@@@p@!y q q p@  LANGUAGE NOT AVAILABLRANGE ERROWRITE PROTECTEEND OF DATFILE NOT FOUNVOLUME MISMATCI/O ERRODISK FULFILE LOCKESYNTAX ERRONO BUFFERS AVAILABLFILE TYPE MISMATCPROGRAM TOO LARGNOT DIRECT COMMANč$3>L[dmx- ( îȮǮԠĠȠŠ@跻~!Wo*9~~~~ɬƬ~_ j ʪHɪH`Lc (L ܫ㵮赎 ɱ^_ J QL_Ls贩紎 DǴҵԵƴѵӵµȴ 7 ַ :ŵƴѵǴҵȴµ納贍﵎ٵ്ᵭⳍڵL^ѵ-I `  4 ò-յ!  8صٵ紭ﵝ 7L (0+BC  7L HH`LgL{0 HH` õL H hBL BH [ h`Lo õ ڬL B ڬ LʬH hB@ յյ [L (ȴ) ȴ 7L L ( L (ȴL{ƴѵ洩ƴǴҵ 7 ^* B0 HȱBh ӵԵ 8 L8 ݲ` ܫ  / / ED B / / ]ƴS0Jȴ ȴ)  紅D贅E B ƴ  / 0L Ν `HD٤DEEhiHLGh ` ŵBѵ-` ѵB-` ܫ XI볩쳢8 DH E𳈈췍Ȍ X0 · JLǵBȵC`,յp` 䯩 R-յյ`յ0` K R-յյ`ɵʵӵԵ` 4 K ( ѵҵLBȱBL8` DBHBH : ַ޵BȭߵBhhӵԵ RBܵmڵ޵ȱBݵm۵ߵ` 䯩LR˵̵ֵ׵`êĪLR E( 8` R` ELRŪƪ`췌 յյI뷭鷭귭ⵍ㵍跬ª 뷰` Lf ݵܵߵ޵ ^`8ܵ i B8` 4L ֵȱB׵ ܯ䵍൭嵍 ` DȑB׵Bֵ  ַ յյ`굎뵎쵬 뵎쵌``õĵBCõĵ`µµ`L õBĵCصص Qƴ0"Bƴ 󮜳` 0۰ϬBƴ8`i#`ЗLw!0>ﵭ` m ﳐ 7i볍 8 ЉLw`H h ݲL~ `浍국䵍뵩嵠Jm赍嵊mjnnn浈ۭm浍浭m䵍䵩m嵍`"L ŵ8ŵH ~(`F  d ֠z#??? ӮʠӠΠu` @@@ @ H$ "H"A"@ >A>`0> ē@c2iO  %GA G$<@c@pPDaPH @pERG$G$qdG$@$Oy‡@ H$H$ HRQH$< @pC>q E@>y8#q>A #q8@A@@@  J'H#y@ qH$8>#>#@q"'@p80" @ "J%"I%H$q#Hȣ<y>@ "H$q":AHOV]dkry @  &A@@@AQ!‡@@ ALeq_ ")07>ELSZahov} %,3P0HH-#$-  $#-hh`( &H(h`H#) c)h Hh` J ɠɍɘɈɕ ɛɃک./ ?.`L ` ` )!) !` `LLLR LX  m!8!` )` J 0 ?`$H$ h$`% $(&)m,'`,#P $&! `'i'`"% %%#LX  0 >H h`,# 릡`67 `6789 `    L`` -` ! "!  "蘝`     ` ) 8  8m$ imi8 %8mߠ:)p):=pLȘe::HH`UNHOOREHOOCLRWINWRITREWRITEXADDRESEBOXIHSPACVSPACCHARMODLMARGIPAGEPAGENMCOBEE$KQW^ ,69N<q{ {ج77ۭ=ٙ7ۭ>ٙ?ې 8) x,10c EL=>٭` 40 H77۹7ۍ=ٹ?ۍ> 4h`hN6N/ɝ`=٩ۍ>`? m 4 ? 40`-ۍ1ۥ? 4H h0ED LԽɠj,LH)? >h`,5 3ɍN5ɖ HH hh`,/0ɍ3+`(,LФ$(H,0 @))(N- h`,,۩,0۩+ ,6L Y,*,00Ɂͬ,,,c0 ې II ,*Pɛ,00@L,*?ɛ&,!& 5ؠ0 >ڤ$LԤ$,0pɕ -`( }8n6N- @2ɧ @)ɧ/ɝ$LC >ڈL  2N5۩ >کEE I LE ֦CL$8f< 8N-E$<CC CE?AC8A 8L-$>I  8LӥE? ע L ֩? >?L CC >` LԘH@ɠ$@ ɢE@@EE=hҤˤ^BŠӮέ ؠؠ^Ť>Ҥˤİ ôǠİǍӠŢ ôø¹Ʋ³ưà ŶİŶƲİ ôǠİGرٱزٲȱӱı²ôø¹Ʋ³ưà ŶİŶƲİ ôǠİǍӠŢ ϻҽӺ±Ť>ŕڝڝڝڝǍǍˠڝڝZˠڝڝZ@·ųų峳@ŠڝڝZ˨˨610ӽӽȽ±  ! Since you moved the/decimal point 2 places to the/left, you had to add 2 to the/existing exponent: 2+(-1) = 1.//The result is 6.43 X 10^1."AYPSY(18):XPSX(8):YPSY(17):3000:1000:p*PAGE 17z7000:,X(3),Y(2)K"Now let's examinT" correct"::"answers out of 8."` :::"Let's study powers of 10 in"::"greater detail." ,X(7),Y(19):"Press RETURN to continue.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$34040:TURN."~,X(5),Y(19):"To leave the lesson, press ESC.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$M$33040:Є*PAGE 13ڄ7000:,28,24:CHARMODE,3:COL,2:"G O O D T R Y.":COL,3:CHARMODE,0" 䄯,28,55:"But your score was "RIGH,X(22),Y(7):"1.5063 X 10^9":1000:7耲*PAGE 127000:,8,30:CHARMODE,3:COL,1:"F A N T A S T I C !":COL,3:CHARMODE,0,28,72:"Your score was "RIGHT" correct answers"::"out of 8."::"To do another practice set,"::"press RE3 X 10^4"<}QUESTIN8/F}FDBCK$(1)"Right!"aP}FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Add 1 to 8 and/try again."Z}FDBCK$(3)"No. Count only the number of/places you moved the decimal/point. Then add that number/to the existing exponent. Try/again.")d}3000:14000:e right,/so you should add -1 to the/existing exponent. Try again."|y3000:14000:,X(22),Y(7):"3.042 X 10^-7":1000:}*PAGE 11 }17000}"15.063 X 10^8 = "UL$}::"A) 1.5063 X 10^9"(}:"B) 1.5063 X 10^7" 2}:"C) 1.506UESTIN7C^yFDBCK$(1)"No. Add -1 to the -6 exponent./Try again."hyFDBCK$(2)"Right! Since you moved the/decimal to the right , you/added a negative number to/the existing exponent."DryFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. You moved the decimal/point one place to thitive number to/the existing exponent. Try/again."ou3000:14000:,X(22),Y(7):"6.3281 X 10^5 ":1000:}y*PAGE 10"y17000,y".3042 X 10^-6 = "UL$6y::"A) 3.042 X 10^-6"@y:"B) 3.042 X 10^-7"Jy:"C) 3.042 X 10^-9"TyQint 3 places to the left and/added 3 to the existing/exponent."uFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. You moved the decimal/3 places, so add 3 to the/existing exponent. Try again."3uFDBCK$(3)"No. Since you moved the/decimal to the left , you should/be adding a posq3000:14000:,X(22),Y(7):"4.2104 X 10^6":1000:F0u*PAGE 9Q:u17000mDu"6328.1 X 10^2 = "UL$Nu::"A) 6.3281 X 10^5"Xu:"B) 6.3281 X 10^6"bu:"C) 6.3281 X 10^-1"luQUESTIN6?vuFDBCK$(1)"Yes! You moved the decimal/poHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$RESPNSE$"R"42040:PNSE$"R"42040:EN*CONTROL-SYSTEM-INIT /%ND$"BLOAD CHRPRNT1"G*N823,3:824,16:819d4N16302,0:232,0:233,17y>NFILE$LS$:13500$:13500m$:1350094N16302,0:232,0:233,17>NFILE$LS$:13500:3):D$M$(4):EX$(27)5dKCLR%816:SWD%825:HP%826O,LLS$"INDEX.NUM.SYS.1"i6LD$"BLOAD ALL-BINARY" N*CONTROL-SYSTEM-INIT %ND$"BLOAD CHRPRNT1"*N823,3:824,16:8194N16302,0:232,0:233,17>NFILE$LS$:1350000 3500ARY" BINARY":D$"BLOAD ALTS.FONT,A$4000"8>NFILE$LS$:13500(3:824,16:819j4N16302,0:232,0:233,17>NFILE$LS$:1350011000:135006120006103,1:104,64:18J*INITIALIZATION VJZ94097:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(1 N*CONTROL-ELEC.MATH.1.MRP*ND$"BLOAD ALL-BINARY":D$"BLOAD ALTS.FONT,A$4000"e>NFILE$LS$:13500TINDEX.ELEC.MATH.1" N*CONTROL-ELEC.MATH.1.MR*ND$"BLOAD ALL-BINARY":D$"BLOAD ALTS.FONT,A$4000">NFILE$LS$:13500H.1.MR#*ND$"BLOAD ALL-1 and make sure"::"that the drive door is"::"closed.":NXNO:1000:13500X612000n6103,1:104,72:1t8JVJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)dKCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812,LLS$"INDEX.ELEC.MATH.1"n't subtract 2 from/5. Try again."_ð3000:14000:,X(20),Y(7):"2.63421 X 10^7":1000:m8Dz*PAGE 29Bǰ17000:,X(5),Y(7)LǺ"20840 X 10^-3 = "UL$VǺ::"A) 2.084 X 10^0"`Ǻ:"B) 2.084 X 10^-7"jǺ:"C) 2.084 X 10^1"tQUES) 2.63421 X 10^7"1xú:"B) 2.63421 X 10^-3"Nú:"C) 2.63421 X 10^3"\QUESTIN7wFDBCK$(1)"Very good!"FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. You counted decimal/places correctly, but the/number shouldn't be negative./Try again."#FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Do2)"Right!"u¿FDBCK$(3)"No. You have moved the decimal/point 2 places to the right:/add (-2) + (-2). Try again."̿3000:14000:,X(20),Y(7):"6.042 X 10^-4":1000:Pò*PAGE 28Zð17000:,X(5),Y(7)dú"263421 X 10^2 = "UL$nú::"AX(4),Y(7)'|".06042 X 10^-2 = "UL$D::"A) 6.042 X 10^0"`:"B) 6.042 X 10^-4"|:"C) 6.042 X 10^-1"QUESTIN6FDBCK$(1)"No. You have moved the decimal/point 2 places to the right:/add (-2) + (-2). Try again." FDBCK$(BCK$(2)"No. Since you moved the decimal/point 4 places to the right, the/new exponent has to be the sum/of (-4) + 4. Try again."лFDBCK$(3)"Right! (-4) + 4 = 0"ڻ3000:14000:,X(19),Y(7):"3.41 X 10^0 ":1000:h*PAGE 27 r17000:, exponent.""P::"2. When you move the decimal point"::" to the right, add a ";:RESET:" negative ":BOXIT,3::" value to the existing exponent.":1000:"*PAGE 20#7000:,X(4),Y(5):"It's time for a quiz on converting"::"number):I$"HINTS":X1150:::I$;:BOXIT,3:WRITEg!˺::"You have completed this lesson"::"successfully."H˯,X(6),Y(20):"Press ESC to stop.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$52040:ϲ*PAGE 32Gϰ7TIN8m~FDBCK$(1)"Sorry. You moved the decimal/point 4 places to the left, so/add +4 and -3. Try again."FDBCK$(2)"Right!"ǰ3000:14000:,X(21),Y(7):"2.084 X 10^1":1000: ˲*PAGE 30 *˰7000:,X(10),Y(4):CHARMODE,3:"S U P E R !ǍǍˠڝڝZˠڝڝZ@峳@ŠڝڝZ˨˨610  رٱزٲȱӱı²ôø¹Ʋ³ưàűű \_Tҧ̭ @Р̧ĺŹù°ùàŹùĠİưĠĠàưčİǍ̷ ʛ˛͛=ɛڕڝڝڝڝ԰ܢŠéΠΠֳ"Рŧ˨űű˨ Рŧ+ ɛɓ 8I,I+ې婍,- -N-۝ ,LHH:LVԩHIHh( }ڬIۈI۹ۤ$`h ,LHHݶhܶhLضHuH,0`,,HHɓ4ɛ0ɐ,HɃI ɘIۍI ULڙیHhh`Ԡƌmbers. This is possible"::"because the place value is used."ZeRXPX14:RYPS11:15000e,X(2),Y(12):" The following chart shows you"::"the number and the way it is expressed"::"in the binary system."e1000:xi*PAGE11.Bi7000REPSNSE$"R"31040:ee how things"::"like place-value work in binary,"::"octal, and hex."6y::" If you want to review what we've"::"done so far, type R." @y,X(3),Y(17):" If you're ready to continue,"::"press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$X(3),Y(19):" If you're ready to continue,"::"press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$REPSNSE$"R"31040:uAXPSX(3):AYPSY(17):XPSX(8):YPSY(17):3000:1000:y*PAGE.11"y7000:,X(3),Y(5)I,y" Now we're going to s*PAGE.11""y7000:,X(3),Y(5),y" Now we're going to see how"::"features such as place-value work"::"in binary, octal, and hexadecimal"1y:"number systems."6y::" If you want to review what we've"::"done so far, type R."z@y,(2),Y(3):" Try this one yourself: 5710^ = 2":" Type your answer and press RETURN.":,X(5),Y(7):"57 1#0 2 = ,^ R="eUXX(32):UYY(3):UL6:6000eQU1:LN2:AN$(1)"28" eFD$(1)"Right!":FD$(2)"The answer is 28. Type it in.":FD= 1, R = ";:RESET:" 1 ";:BOXIT,3::,X(22),Y(2):"1";:X1300:4b,X(23),Y(22)2:"1 1#0 2 = 0, R = ";:RESET:" 1 ";:BOXIT,3::,X(21),Y(2):"1";>bX1%3:Y1%28:X2%277:Y2%180:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:2000:1000:e*P-6e7000:,X17500N b,X(2),Y(20):"Repeat the process":"until the quotient":"is 0."tbX2%145:Y2%180:RX3:RY24:17500 b,X(23),Y(20)2:"6 1#0 2 = 3, R = ";:RESET:" 0 ";:BOXIT,3::,X(23),Y(2):"0";:X1300:F*b,X(23),Y(21):"3 1#0 2 right is 64. Try again."sؐFDBCK$(NMTCH1)"Sorry. The value of the 4th/place in octal is 512, or/8 1$0 64."AXPSX(3):AYPSY(12):XPSX(3):YPSAYPSY(2)쐰16000:JUDGECRRECTįREWRITE:,AXPSX(2),AYPS:"512 ":WRITE1000:p*PN34000HNRESPNSE$"C"20010QRNRESPNSE$"R"İ13000:FILE$"NUM.SYS-1":13500u\N13000:FILE$"NUM.SYS-3":13500e*PAGE11.A?e7000:,X(2),Y(2):" The binary number system uses"::"only two digits, usually 0 and 1, to"::"express all nuR%809:SWD%803:HP%812-JI$(9):QU$(34)qJB1$"0":T1$"9":B2$B1$:T2$T1$:PR$".":CM$",":SP$" ":NG$"-"NLS$"WELCOME.NUM.SYS" N *CONTROL-NUM.SYS-2!N26000"N27000#N28000$N29000%N30000&N31000*N320004N33000>9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)VJMA4:MF6:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG`JZX%YEStJMOD(A)(A2)A2JCL ~m1000:Hq*PAGE11.DRq7000:,X(6),Y(3):"NUMBER PLACE VALUE":VSPACE,2:"BASE 10 512s 64s 8s 1s "::" 0":" 1 1":" 8 1 0"S\q" 79 1 1 7":" 100 1 It uses the digits 0 through 7"::"to express the place values of numbers."ltmRXPS14:RYSP12:15000ym,X(2),Y(12):" The chart on the following page"::"shows you the number and the way it is"::"expressed in the octal number system."000si,X(4),Y(18):"This shows us that the number 510":"equals 1012.":"The number 610 equals 1102."i1000:`m*PAGE11.CQjm7000:,X(2),Y(2):" The base eight number system is"::"also called the octal number system.":::" 1":" 6 1 1 0":VSPACE,0i3:31,12249,12249,12431,12431,12:31,40249,40:87,1287,124:31,41249,41:31,13249,13:31,123249,123i7:32,12250,12250,12432,12432,12:32,40250,40:88,1288,124iRXPS14:RYPS19:15he":"remainder in the":RESET:" next highest ";:VSPACE,0:BOXIT,3:" place."uaX2%145:Y2%146:RX3:RY21:17500a,X(23),Y(13):"12 1#0 2 = 6"::"Remainder = ";:RESET:" 0 ";:BOXIT,3:bX2%277:Y2%146:,X(24),Y(2):"0":RX24:RY21:500Wa,X(23),Y(6):"25 1#0 2 = 12"::"Remainder = ";:RESET:" 1 ";:BOXIT,3:aX2%277:Y2%84:,X(25),Y(2):"1":RX24:RY12:17500Oa,X(2),Y(12):VSPACE,1:"Divide the quotient":"from the last step":"by the new base,":"and record t 2":UXX(21):UYY(2):UL5:6000a,X(2),Y(5):"Divide the whole":"number by the new":"base, and record":"the remainder as":"the ";:RESET:" LSD ";:BOXIT,3:VSPACE,1:" of the":"binary number.":VSPACE,0aX2%145:Y2%84:RX3:RY12:17f converting"::"decimal whole numbers to their binary"::"equivalents:"::" division by the base"::" subtraction."]::"The first method is slow, but sure."::"Let's look at it first.":1000:a*P-5&a7000:,X(14),Y(2):"2510^ = 5000>N26000"CNRE$"R"20010FEN13000:FI$"BIN.REP-1.2":13500P]*P-4]7000:,X(6),Y(3):"DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSIONS":X1%X(6)4:Y1%Y(2)4:X2%X(35)4:Y2%Y(3)4:H1%2:S1%1:D1%2:2000|],X(3),Y(7):"There are two methods o803:HP%812!JI$(9):QU$(34)eJB1$"0":T1$"9":B2$B1$:T2$T1$:PR$".":CM$",":SP$" ":NG$"-"KFD$"Check your division./Try again." KFR$"Check the remainder. Try/again."NLS$"WELCOME.BIN.REP" N*CONTROL-BIN.REP-1.1*N240004N21:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) VJMA4:MF6:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG `JZX%YE tJMO(A)(A2)A2 JCL%809:SW%UDGE+ rBFD(J1,1)IN:STYE:LENO:TR0:ALYES |B3000:JUCRFD$(NM)FD$(2):17020Y Bk \D*SPECIAL'BOX fDX1%3:Y1%28:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:2000:15000: PF*QUESTION'DATA ZFQ#1 dF1, nF1,1, xFQ#2 F2, F1,1,,3,0, 8Jz BJZ9815:YE·ĥرٱȱDZŠέṷ̆Ԣ ӅŠ̄Ġ.Š̄1Šӭ̮.ôø¹Ʋ³ưà ŶİŶƲİ ôǠİG ŶİŶƲİ ôǠİǍӠŢ ϻҽӺ±Ť>Ҥˤ^ ؠؠ^ӽӽ±ͪ BԬب٨-18z17000Y,X(4),Y(7):"What is the place value of the":"highlighted digit?",X(19),Y(10):HSPACE,2:"73";:RESET:" E ";:HSPACE,0:BOXIT,3:HSPACE,2:"0116":HSPACE,0QUESTIN3:LNGTH4ANSWER$(1)"256":ANSWER$(2)"48":ANSWER:,X(6),Y(3):"NUMBER PLACE VALUE":VSPACE,2:"BASE 10 EIGHTS FOURS TWOS ONES"::" 0":" 1 1":" 2 1 0"0i" 3 1 1":" 4 1 0 0":" 5 1 047:"DECIMAL 10 1000 100 10 1 10 0-9"@ ,52,17:"BASE"a ,X(14),17:"PLACE VALUES" ,X(28),17:" # OF":"DIGITS":" USED" $,236,17:"DIGITS";:" USED" .RXPS14:RYPS9:15000!!LBY%71:17000:,4,Y(8)3:"BINARY":,65,65:"2},X(3),Y(16):VSPACE,2:" By using what you know about":"decimal to answer some questions,":"you'll be able to type a number":"to fill in the blanks.":VSPACE,0:1000:耲*PAGE.137000:,6,17+ "SYSTEM":BY%36:17000:BY%52:17000:,2,al, and hexadecimal":"number systems.":VSPACE,0L}RXPS14:RYPS12:15000},X(3),Y(11):VSPACE,2:" However, not all of the chart":"will be filled in. Only the decimal":"part of the chart is complete.":VSPACE,0!}RXPS14:RYPS18:15000(ntil the quotient":" can't be divided by 16. (This":" is the MSD, or Most Significant":" Digit.)"w^y1000:}*P-12 }7000:,X(3),Y(5)1}VSPACE,2:" You're going to see a chart":"with the characteristics of decimal,":"binary, octLSD, or":" Least Significant Digit.)"C6yRXPS14:RYPS12:15000@y,X(3),Y(10):"2. Divide the quotient from step 1":" by 16, and record the remainder":" in the next place."JyRXPS14:RYPS15:15000kTy,X(3),Y(14):"3. Repeat step 2 uu1000:y*PAGE.11F"y7000:,X(2),Y(2):"The steps that you follow to convert":"a decimal whole number to its hex":"equivalent are:"'yRXPS14:RYPS8:15000(,y,X(3),Y(6):"1. Divide the decimal number by 16.":" (The remainder is the its 0 through 9.",XuRXPS14:RYPS12:15000bu,X(2),Y(10):" Numbers from 10 to 15 are":"expressed in hexadecimal representation";:"with letters A through F."lu,X(16),Y(15):"A = 10":"B = 11":"C = 12":"D = 13":"E = 14":"F = 15"v),Y(2):" The hexadecimal numer system is":"represented by the digits 0 through 9":"and the letters A through F."DuRXPS14:RYPS8:15000Nu,X(2),X(8):" Numbers from 0 to 9 are":"expressed in hexadecimal representation";:"with the dig2,35250,35:32,13250,13:32,123250,123:32,34250,34RpqRXPS14:RYPS19:15000zq,X(3),Y(18):"This shows us that the number 53210^":"equals 10248.":"The number 58310^ equals 11078.":VSPACE,0q1000:0u*PAGE.11Ex:u7000:,X(2 4 4":" 532 1 0 2 4":" 583 1 1 0 7":VSPACE,0fq3:31,12249,12249,12431,12431,12:87,1287,124:31,35249,35:31,13249,13:31,123249,123:31,34249,347gq7:32,12250,12250,12432,12432,12:88,1288,124:3):A1$A1$A$:A$;: d7BEEP:. n7NX9000:= :*P-RETURN :,X(RX),Y(RY):"Press RETURN.";:FRYE:1000:RE$M$15010:REWRITE:,X(RX),Y(RY):12)" ";:WRITE: >*PARTIAL'ERASE >32,0:33,40:34,TP:35,24:CL% >34,0: hB*SPECIAL'J(RE$,1,L11):7 7(RE$,1,1)" "RE$(RE$,2):14110i (7RE$""RE(RE$):RL(RE$):NXYE::WRITE: 27BEEP:BEEP::14010 <7A1$""A1$(A1$,1,(A1$)1):(8); F7 P7A1$""A2$""A$(A2$,1):14070 Z7(A2$)(A1$)A$(A2$,(A1$)1,1 6(A1$)IL14180\ 6C1(B1$A$)(A$T1$):C2(B2$A$)(A$T2$):C3(A$PR$)(A$NG$)o 6(C1C2C3)ı 6A1$A1$A$:C9(A2$)(A1$):C9A2$A1$(A2$,(A2$)(A1$)) 7C9A2$A1$ 7A$;: 7RE$A1$:" ":L1(RE$)11:(RE$,1)" "RE$ 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1K6*ALTERNATE'INPUT'ROUTINEV6RESET6,IX,IY:IL1)"";:A1$"":A2$"":JD$"":,IX,IY616368,06A$:14040:140306TY(Z9):ILĭNXTY5RE$A$:14120 6TY14100,14130,14140,14160,14190            $(3)"64":ANSWER$(4)"4"cFDBCK$(1)"Good for you! The value of/the third place in hex is 256."FDBCK$(2)"No. Don't multiply the place/number. Multiply the base by/the value of the place to the/right. Try again."FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. This is űű ŠЧűű \_Tҧ̭ @Р̧ĺŹù°ùàŹùĠİưĠĠàưčİǍ̷ ʛ˛͛ =ɛڕ԰ܢŠéΠΠֳ"Рŧ˨űű˨ Рŧύ婍, N \,LLL/Hh( Q՗$`h Y,LL,0`,HHɓ4ɛ0ɐ,Ƀ ɘ )L՗hh`, b:/8`Ԡƌ0c L` 0 H h`hNNɝ``? D ? 0`? H h0ED Lɠj,LH)? h`, 3ɍNɖ HH hh`,0ɍ3 ɛɓ 8I)I h`$8n ,L -,,0ɁϬ,c0 ې II ,Pɛ,0@L,?ɛ&,! ŗ0̗ $L$,0ɕ ڔ`( Q8nN 2ɧ )ɧɝ$Lj ) O,I LE CL$8f< NE$<CC CE?AC8A  L$>I Ԗ8LE? L ? ?L CC ` LH@ɠ$@ ɢE@@EE=h`(,L$(H,0 @))(N CEEɛ@ . L٪ $ .`DH )hhhNCLȎHH$`ʩ L ɠE .CH $h L\ $>N ґ  ԖEH3ɾɪ$@ɢE@@$@0 )ߝh` LcEEC Lؓ N EE ڔ`n ,8`0 őɢɢLԗ8ӗ ԗ )` EHӗȹɿh` h` Eɠ`AɀeE*EEA ʽAIE EA`C  LE `N ɍHh`C$3P톸Eɍ$3p C L ED C` NL$= Бӗ Y ԗ0 : YL E  $L ԖF>JL őɠɰɺ8``ɯɍ`C葌ɮ NC`  CЅ$`CDԗӗ 0N Б +0I ԑ m ӗ [) ԗI]IƍID$3p CL ő(ɬ őɮ ɬ ɢ `ʨ`hh )N E$` L  ɠiɺ>F=E$3pDм5 I $`$3pE L3ɾ`Ŗ ED 3 u3N,pd O<=EM 0 <<=18<=L E )<)<L> D Ԗ ) H hߦ$! Ԗfҗ L L L$  5F67`N^89`HH`(wn,3L ©éĭ@JLLE C^[lO,LȐ ,Pɗ*ɘɍL=Ʌ-ɖ``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````Ӡˠ̠ŠԠé̠΍$9ɝ ,L `<>=?<>=? , Hȱ8h  ȩ$ȱH  h i֩H MMLI L           FDBCK$(NMTCH)"Sorry. Here's a hint: the/value of the next place to/the right is 8. Try again." xFDBCK$(NMTCH1)"Sorry. The value of the 5th/place in base 2 is 16." AXPSX(3):AYPSY(12):XPSX(3):YPSAYPSY(2)$!16000:JUDGECRRECTįREWRe":"highlighted digit?"}F,X(19),Y(10):HSPACE,2:"1";:RESET:" 0 ";:HSPACE,0:BOXIT,3:HSPACE,2:"01012":HSPACE,0PQUESTIN6:ALTYES:LNGTH2ZANSWER$(1)"16"dFDBCK$(1)"Right! This is base 2, so the/value of the 5th place is 16."b nFDBCK$(2)5FDBCK$(NMTCH1)"No. The answer is F."iAXPSX(18):AYPSY(8):XPSX(3):YPSAYPSY(2)16000:JUDGECRRECTįREWRITE:,AXPSX(2),AYPS:"F":WRITE1000:(*P-21217000<,X(4),Y(7):"What is the place value of thvalued digit in the":"hex system is ."GhQUESTIN5:LNGTH1:ALTNOirANSWER$(1)"F":ANSWER$(2)"G"|FDBCK$(1)"Right! Hex uses 0-9 and A-F."FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. 0-9 makes 10 digits;/what's the sixth letter of the/alphabet?" FDBCK$(NMTCH)= the highest digit./8 - 1 = 7."TAXPSX(20):AYPSY(8):XPSX(3):YPSAYPSY(2)xB1$"0":T1$"9":B2$"A":T2$"F"16000:JUDGECRRECTįREWRITE:,AXPSX(2),AYPS:" 7 ":WRITEƘ1000:@*P-20J17000*T,X(4),Y(7):"The highest 3)"2":ANSWER$(4)"16":ANSWER$(5)"1":ANSWER$(6)"F"KFDBCK$(1)"Right!"FDBCK$(2)"No. Base - 1 = the highest digit./Try again."FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Octal means base 8./Try again."FDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(2) FDBCK$(NMTCH1)"No. Base - 1 YPSY(2)NԔ16000:JUDGECRRECTįREWRITE:,AXPSX(2),AYPS:"256 ":WRITEZޔ1000:eX*P-19pb17000l,X(4),Y(7):"The highest valued digit in the":"octal system is ."QUESTIN4:LNGTH24ANSWER$(1)"7":ANSWER$(2)"8":ANSWER$(m equals the/base times the place value of the/next place to the right:/ (base=2) 1$0 (place value=4) = 8"#FDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(2):FDBCK(J1NMTCH,1)INCRRECT:AXPSX(14):AYPSY(8)3:XPSX(3):YPSY(11):3000$JUDGECRRECTFDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(:/ (base=2) 1$0 (place value=4) = 8""tFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Look at the decimal place/values. The value of the thousands/place is 10 times the value of the/hundreds place. Try again."m#~FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. The place value of any/position in any syste 4 2 1 2 0-1&&0"S!VQUESTIN1:LNGTH3:LEAVEITYES:STPYES:ALTYESv!`ANSWER$(1)"8":ANSWER$(2)"16"'"jFDBCK$(1)"Right! The place value of any/position in any system equals the/base times the place value of the/next place to the right 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1<6*ERASE ULl6REWRITE:,X(19),Y(7):12)" ";:WRITE:~hB*PAGE SET-UPrB32,0:33,40:34,5:35,24:CLR%|B32,0:33,40:34,0:LMARGIN,X(3):NM,X(6),Y(7):PF*QUESTION DATAZFQ #1(13) XNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$"R"53040:SPNSE$M$23140nZRESPNSE$" "įREWRITE:,X(3),Y(6CHOICE2)CHOICE3:RESET:CHOICE". "I$(CHOICE,0);:BOXIT,0:,X(5),Y(21):99)" ":23090xZFILE$I$(CHOICE,1):(CHOICE,1):A "I$(CHOICE,0);:BOXIT,0:,X(5),Y(21):99)" ":23090xZZCHOICE(RESPNSE$):,X(3),Y(6CHOICE2)CHOICE3:RESET:(9)CHOICE". "I$(CHOICE,0)(9);iZZBOXIT,3dZREWRITE:,X(5),Y(21):"Press RETURN to take this part":"or press the space bar to choose":"another.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$" "RESbase 16./Try again."{FDBCK$(NMTCH)"Sorry. Here's a hint: the/value of the next place to/the right is 16. Try again."FDBCK$(NMTCH1)"Sorry. The value of the third/place in hex is 256, or/16 1$0 16." ʔAXPSX(3):AYPSY(12):XPSX(3):YPSA@@@2`@@ @` ` `CFFC@FC@?|||p ` p} |||`00` /0 ? p?`@@`?`@@`? ?DEF ` F!!@`00p`@pC>q E@>y8#q>A #q8@p0 qDD$$J'H#y@ qH$8>#>#@q"'@p80" @ "J%"I%H$q#Hȣ<y>@ "H$q"SPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$"R"44050:5:"GOOD TRY!":COL,3:CHARMODE,04%,X(5),Y(9)%"Out of 7 questions, your score"::"was "RIGHT" correct, but you needed 4.""%::"To repeat this lesson now, type R."#&,X(5),Y(17):"To stop, press ESC.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RE of 7 questions, you answered "::RIGHT" correctly."r$ ::"You have completed this lesson"::"successfully."$*,X(5),Y(19):"Press ESC to stop.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$43050:$૲*P-24!%꫰7000:,28,32:CHARMODE,3:COL, it is the MSD.C#jAXPSX(3):AYPSY(12):XPSX(3):YPSAYPSY(2)#t16000:JUDGECRRECTįREWRITE:,AXPSX(2),AYPS:" 5":WRITE#~1000:#*P-23#7000:,28,32:CHARMODE,3:COL,1:"GOOD JOB!":COL,3:CHARMODE,0# ,X(5),Y(9)5$"Out:ANSWER$(4)"6":ANSWER$(5)"8""LFDBCK$(1)"Right! The MSD, or Most/Significant Digit, takes the/leftmost place in a number.""VFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Look at the number carefully/and try again."#`FDBCK$(NMTCH1)"The leftmost digit in this number/is 5, soEP-2"o ZI$(3,0)"Practice set on conversions and"M$" addition ":I$(3,1)"BIN.REP-3" (ZX13:,X(3),Y(6X2)X3:X". "I$(X,0): 2ZREWRITE:,X(37),Y(5):FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$"1"RESPNSE$"3"23080:REWRITE\Pto see your choices.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$22050:R Y*CHOICE PAGE Y7000:,X(3),Y(5):"Choose the part you want to study:" YI$(1,0)"Decimal to binary conversions":I$(1,1)"BIN.REP-1.1" YI$(2,0)"Binary addition":I$(2,1)"BIN.R parts. You may study them in":"any order you wish, but you must" V"take the practice set to complete the":"lesson successfully." V:" You will need about 30 minutes to":"do all three parts.":VSPACE,0@ "V,X(2),Y(21):" Press RETURN %2:D1%3:20009 R,57,106:"CONVERGENT SYSTEMS, INC." &R,111,128:"2 ABCDEF ":" HIJKLM ":"OPQRSTUV":"WXYZabcd":" efghij ":" lmnopq 0" XR1000: U*P-2 U7000:,X(2),Y(3):VSPACE,5C V" Hello! This lesson consists of":"three000:23000 HN13000:13500" R R7000:,X(7),Y(3):" BASIC ELECTRONICS":" ELECTRONIC MATH":" Disk #1"::" Binary Representation" RX1%20:Y1%3:X2%258:Y2%75:D1%3:S1%2:H1%1:2000:X1%21:Y1%4:X2%258:Y2%76:H1%2:S1 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:138JBJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)VJMOD(A)(A2)A2tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812NLS$"WELCOME.BIN.REP" N*CONTROL-WELCOME.BIN.REP *N21000:22    ITE:,AXPSX(2),AYPS:"16 ":WRITE0!1000:;!*P-22F!17000!$,X(4),Y(7):"Which digit is the MSD in this":"number?"!.,X(19),Y(10):HSPACE,2:"54268":HSPACE,0!8QUESTIN7:LNGTH2"BANSWER$(1)"5":ANSWER$(2)"4":ANSWER$(3)"2"=<103,1:104,72:72256,0::(4)"RUN ELEC.MATH.1.MR":L :1000:`m*PAGE 8.jm7000:,X(5),Y(3){tm"What is the base of this number?":"Type its letter and press RETURN."~mX1%25:Y1%12:X2%263:Y2%36:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000m,X(19),Y(7):"4025^" m,X(5),Y(10):"A) 4":"B) 2":"C) 5"s the 2 is worth":" 2 tens, or twenty: 2010^.":RXPS10:RYPS18:14000i,X(3),Y(18):" Point : The point (.) separates the":" fractional parts of a number from":" the whole parts: 102 . 5. In base"i" 10 the point is a decimal point."igit comesfrom its position in":" a number. In decimal, the first"i" place to the left of the decimal":" point is the ones, or units place,":" the second is tens, the third is":" hundredsm etc. So the digit 2 in"Ii" the tens place meanhe number of digits":" or symbols used by the system."i" Decimal uses 0-9, or 10 digits, so":" its base is written s a subscript":" to a number: 910^."iRXPS10:RYPS8:14000Ei,X(3),Y(8):" Place-value : the place-value of a":" dicant digit"6e:" * most significannt digit"e::"Before we look at these in binary,"::"octal, or hex, let's see what they"::"are in th familiar decimal system."e1000:xi*PAGE 7i7000:,X(3),Y(2)8i" Base or radix : tYPSY(14):XPSX(8):YPSY(17):3000:4e*PAGE 6Me7000:,X(4),Y(2)e" All positional systems have"::"certain things in common:"e:" * base, or radix"::" * place-value"::" * point" e:" * least signifFDBCK$(3)"Right! This number uses a/postional system. If we assume/this is a decimal number, the/first 1 takes the units place,/the 0 holds the tens place, and/the second 1 takes the hundreds/place."bFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, or C."'bAXPSX(3):AESPNS$"C"RESPNSE$M$34060:PNSE$M$34060: 0:FILE$I$(CHOICE,1):YH|>p ~>@ `0|>1 $ $@ |>p8?8|> y` `>1|<|vۮLeq1 $ $@ >@ #q0@@ ` 0D( ʦ|>``8|>s8> %,3:AHOV]dkry  P>@@@Tq ‡@@  0@ `0_ ")07>ELSZahov}H$ "H"A"@ >A>`0> ē@c2iO  %GA G$:@c@pPDaPH @pERG$G$qdG$N$Oy‡@ H$H$ HRQH$< EA`C ֩ LE `N/ 5؆CEEɛ@ T֝ LԠ $ T`DH UhhhN-ۦCLԹHH$`ʩ >Lԩ@ :ɠE T֦CH դ$h  $> 2 ٦EH.ۥ3ɾɪ$@.ɢE@@$@0 )ߝh` 8L֤EEՠɮ ڙt` Ԑ ԰t`n4۩ ,5iۙ`Wՠ ɢɢ J`8 հ Z۝`2 ՐEH۰ȹIɿh`2 Րh` ԰Eɠ`AɀeE*EEA ʽAIE ɺ>F=E&ۍ'۩$3pDмɍH'h`C$3P톸Eɍ$3p C 'ۢL#ED צC` ԰N5L$= ԭ Ր4 0 `հ հ3L E Ԑ $L F>'J&ۢL ɠɰɺ8``ɯɍ`tՌ#) ٩ ٩ 4H hߦ$! ٩$`tuۘۍ5ێ 0N5 +0z ԍ5 mJ AՌۘ [Z AՌ۽I]Iƍ3I2ۭu$3p ڙtۈL (ɬ ɮ ɬ ɢ Ԑ`ʨ`hh UN5 2ѢE$` )L  )ՠ ɠiPɗ*ɘɍL=Ʌ-ɖ5 I 2ѩ$`$3p.ۆE  Lԥ3ɾ` >1ۭնHED 3 3,hնN1,1pd x٭=م<>م=EM 40 4ّ<<=18<=L E Uڊ<)<L>+ m 4L,Hh)hRhذdfۈ ,ѩHHLԶ 2L L@  QѠ67'`N/۠89&`(ۍ)ۮ'۽HH)ۮ(`((ۺwn*ۮ(,3L ©éĭ&@JLLl&3jَϹB@/ u,5L 5,*``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````I hh,`ӠˠϠŠ̠ŠéԠé̠΍$$8HIL,նh, ,`, ,`, , ,:/8`$ɝ ,L* `HHZ ,̠$ , Hȱh  ȩБ,'ȱ,H  h iЩH, MMТF¶LL     """"U*U*U*U*U*U*ith a practice set."E/::" To review the lesson,"::"type R."/::" To review the characteristics of"::"binary, octal, and hex only, type C."/::" Press RETURN to practice." 0 IXPSX(31):IYPSY(19):ILNGTH0:10:RESPNSE$"R"Rd 5.":::"To review this lesson now, type R.":VSPACE,0/,X(5),Y(16):"Press ESC to leave.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$"R"48030:y."b.,X(5),Y(16):"Press ESC to leave.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$47030:p.*PAGE-27.7000:,X(5),Y(4):CHARMODE,3:COL,5:"SORRY!":CHARMODE,0:COL,39/,X(5),Y(8):"Your score was "RIGHT" out of 7, and"::"you nee%275:Y2%149:H1%5:S1%1:D1%1:20001-x1000:?-*PAGE-26-7000:,X(5),Y(4):CHARMODE,3:COL,1:"SPLENDID!":CHARMODE,0:COL,3.,X(5),Y(8):"Your score was "RIGHT" correct out of 7.":::"You have completed this lesson"::"successfull.000341 X 10^4 = "UL$2::"A) 3.41 X 10^8"M:"B) 3.41 X 10^-8"g:"C) 3.41 X 10^0"uQUESTIN5ƻFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. You have moved the decimal/point 4 places to the right./Therefore, the new exponent cannot/be 8. Try again."ʻFD/existing exponent should be/positive because you moved the/decimal point to the left. Try/again."FDBCK$(3)"You need a decimal point./Try again."3000:14000:,X(20),Y(7):"4.21 X 10^9 ":1000:*PAGE 2617000:,X(3),Y(7)":,X(20),Y(7):"3.891 X 10^-5":1000:8*PAGE 25C17000^" 42.1 X 10^8 = "UL$z::"A) 4.21 X 10^9":"B) 4.21 X 10^7"ʷ:"C) 421 X 10^9"ԷQUESTIN4޷FDBCK$(1)"Right!"bFDBCK$(2)"No. The number you add to theγ::"A) 3.891 X 10^-11":س:"B) .3891 X 10^-9"V⳺:"C) 3.891 X 10^-5"dQUESTIN3FDBCK$(1)"Sorry. You should be adding a/positive number to the existing/exponent. Try again."FDBCK$(2)"Right! 3 + (-8) = -5"* 3000:140003)"Sorry. Remember: when you move/the decimal point to the left,/add a positive number; to the/right, add a negative number./Now try again."63000:14000:,X(21),Y(7):"6.01423 X 10^-2":1000:*PAGE 2417000ij"3891 X 10^-8 = "UL$:,X(2),Y(7).ܯ" 60142.3 X 10^-6 = "UL$M毺::"A) 601423 X 10^-7"k:"B) 6.01423 X 10^-2":"C) 6.01423 X 10^-7"QUESTIN2FDBCK$(1)"Sorry! You forgot the decimal/point. Try again.""FDBCK$(2)"Very good!",FDBCK$( Since you moved the/decimal point 3 places to the/ left , you should add +3 to the/existing exponent. Try again."lFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, or C."vXPSX(6):YPSY(17):3000:14000:,X(19),Y(7):"5.82 X 10^5":1000:ȯ*PAGE 23ү170001:LNGTH1:LEAVEITYESGDANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B":ANSWER$(3)"C"}NFDBCK$(1)"Correct! You're off to a/good start!"XFDBCK$(2)"Sorry! Remember... one nonzero/digit must be to the left of/the decimal point. Try again."tbFDBCK$(3)"Sorry.er of 10?":"Type its letter and press RETURN."fX1%0:Y1%4:X2%279:Y2%36:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000AXPSX(1):AYPSY(17):17000"5820 X 10^2 = "UL$::"A) 5.82 X 10^5":&"B) .582 X 10^6":0"C) 5.82 X 10^7"::QUESTINu need"8 :"to answer six questions"::"correctly." ,X(7),Y(16):"Press RETURN to begin.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$43040: ૲*PAGE 22 ꫰7000:,X(2),Y(2)/"Which choice correctly expresses this":"number as a standard pow fN49000 pN50000! zN51000> N(RIGHT6)152000,53000X NRESPNSE$EXIT$11000 N13000:FILE$"POWERS.TEN-1":13500 *PAGE 21 7000:,X(7),Y(5) "This quiz contains 8"::"questions. To complete this"::"lesson successfully, yoF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG8 tJMOD(A)(A2)A2V JCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812l JI$(9):QU$(34) JUL$"1&&&&&&&&&&&0" NLS$"WELCOME.POWERS.TEN" N*CONTROL*POWERS.TEN-3 *N43000 4N44000 >N45000 HN46000 RN47000 \N48000, "G1,1,,2,0,,3,0,# ,GQ #8(20)+ 6G3,? @G1,0,,1,0,,2,1,E 8J BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) VJMA3:MF3:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMdF3, nF1,1,,2,0,,3,0,' xFQ #2(14)/ F3,C F1,0,,2,1,,3,0,Q FQ #3(15)Y F3,m F1,0,,1,0,,2,1,{ FQ #4(16) F3, F1,1,,2,0,,3,0, FQ #5(17) F3, F1,0,,2,0,,3,1, FQ #6(18) F3, G1,0,,2,1,,3,0, GQ #7(19) G33 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1<6*ERASE ULl6REWRITE:,X(19),Y(7):12)" ";:WRITE:~hB*PAGE SET-UPrB32,0:33,40:34,5:35,24:CLR%|B32,0:33,40:34,0:LMARGIN,X(3):NM,X(6),Y(7):PF*QUESTION DATAZFQ #1(13)       exponent? Type its letter":"and press RETURN."@:"A) -2"N"B) 1"\"C) -3"jΐQUESTIN2ؐFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. Since you moved the/decimal 2 places to the left,/you should add 2 to the/existing exponent. Try again."FDBCK$(2)"Right decimal."/"FDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, or C."m,AXPSX(1):AYPSY(19):XPSX(6):YPSY(19):3000:1000:{*PAGE 1632,0:33,40:34,9:35,24:CLR%32,0:33,40:34,0:,X(1),Y(10)0"OK. It is 6.43. Which choice would":"be the new 2)"B":ANSWER$(3)"C":ANSWER$(4)"D":ANSWER$(5)"E"FDBCK$(1)"No. You need only one nonzero/digit to the left of the/decimal point. Try again." FDBCK$(2)"Right. You moved the decimal/point so that one nonzero/digit remains to the left of/theȌ,X(3),Y(10):"Which choice shows where the decimal":"point should be moved to? Type its":"letter and press RETURN."Ҍ:"A) 643.0"܌"B) 64.3"挺"C) 6.43"QUESTIN1:LNGTH1:STPNO:LEAVEITYES:QTYPENRMAL3ANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(X1%4:Y1%132:X2%272:Y2%168:2000:143,132143,168:1000:J*PAGE 15c7000:,X(3),Y(3)"Let's convert this number to a":"standard power of 10.",X(16),Y(7)2:"643 X 10^-1":X1%98:Y1%40:X2%182:Y2%63:H1%2:S1%1:D1%2:2000|:X2%272:Y2%132:2000:143,91143,132:RXPS13:RYPS18:140000,X(3),Y(18):" Add this number":"to the existing":"exponent.":RXPS3:RYPS22:14000:,X(23),Y(18)4:"2.84 X 10^6+2 =":X11200:D,X(23),Y(20)4:"2.84 X 10^8"<NPS13:14000z,X(3),Y(13):"Count the number":"of places the":"decimal point":"was moved.":RXPS3:RYPS18:14000,X(23),Y(13):"2.84 X 10^6":X11200:,X(24),Y(14):"3"(36)"0";:X1500:,172,119:"2"=&X1%4:Y1%91the":"left.":RXPS3:RYPS13:14000Rֈ,X(23),Y(7):"284 X 10^6":X11200:,X(23),Y(9):"2.84 X 10^6":X11200::,X(24),Y(10):"3"(34)"0":X11200: X1%4:Y1%40:X2%272:Y2%91:H1%3:S1%1:D1%1:2000:143,40143,91:RXPS13:RY" 1000:*PAGE 144ˆ7000:,X(3),Y(2)̈"Here's how to convert large numbers":"with exponents to a standard power":"of 10.":RXPS13:RYPS6:14000#ш,X(3),Y(7):"Move the decimal":"point so that one":"nonzero digit":"remains to X(14),Y(17):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$RESPNSE$"R"34025 ꄯ,X(14),Y(17):REWRITE:" ":WRITE,X(2),Y(17):"The number 2.7183 is called the"::"coefficient of the number. The 137"::"is the exponent.ERS.TEN-3":13500 Є*PAGE 14 ڄ7000:,X(2),Y(2):"A number expressed as a power of 10"::"has two parts, the coefficient and the"::"exponent. Below is a number expressed"::"as a power of ten." 䄯,X(10),Y(13):"2.7183 x 10^137"U 鄯,2 JCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%8126 JI$(9):QU$(34)S NLS$"WELCOME.POWERS.TEN"n N*CONTROL POWERS.TEN-2y %N34000 *N35000 4N36000 >N37000 HN38000 RN39000 \N40000 fN41000 kN42000 pNRESPNSE$"R"İ35000 zN13000:FILE$"POW(116)3)2561 BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) VJMA5:MF3:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG tJMOD(A)(A2)A xFQ #2(10) F3,* F1,0,,2,1,,1,0,8 FQ #3(11)@ F4,Y F1,0,,1,0,,2,1,,1,0,g FQ #4(12)o F5, F1,0,,1,0,,2,1,,1,0,,1,0, 8J 9JAD(115)((116)3)256::(4)"BLOAD ARROWS.FONT,A"AD",D1":ADDR,3,(115)((116)3)256 ;J(115)( 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1<6*P-RETURN6,(RXPS1)7,RYPS81:"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$14010:REWRITE:,(RXPS1)7,RYPS81:14)" ":WRITE:PF*QUESTION DATAZFQ #1(9)dF3, nF1,0,,1,0,,2,1,            z #    ͮӭ ŮήР ήЭ ήЭ#ήЭ ήЭ) Үέ  !ŮӮΠӮέ"ӮέӮέ ŮͮӠ ͮӭ ͮӭ* ̭٠ӮԠ ӮԠĮîȮîȮҠخîȮ ͠ӠǮԠîȮǮԠԮŠ ĠԠΠˠ ŮàŠŠ îȮϠ(7)"ܯ" 60142.3 X 10^-6 = "UL$A毺::"A) 601423 X 10^-7"_:"B) 6.01423 X 10^-2"}:"C) 6.01423 X 10^-7"QUESTIN2FDBCK$(1)"Sorry! You forgot the decimal/point. Try again.""FDBCK$(2)"Very good!",FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. moved the/decimal point 3 places to the/ left , you should add +3 to the/existing exponent. Try again."lFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, or C."vXPSX(6):YPSY(17):3000:14000:,X(19),Y(7):"5.82 X 10^5":1000:ȯ*PAGE 23ү17000:,X(2),YEAVEITYES;DANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B":ANSWER$(3)"C"qNFDBCK$(1)"Correct! You're off to a/good start!"XFDBCK$(2)"Sorry! Remember... one nonzero/digit must be to the left of/the decimal point. Try again."hbFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Since you "Type its letter and press RETURN."ZX1%0:Y1%4:X2%279:Y2%36:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000|AXPSX(1):AYPSY(17):17000"5820 X 10^2 = "UL$::"A) 5.82 X 10^5":&"B) .582 X 10^6":0"C) 5.82 X 10^7": :QUESTIN1:LNGTH1:L:"to answer six questions"::"correctly." ,X(7),Y(16):"Press RETURN to begin.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$43040: ૲*PAGE 22 ꫰7000:,X(2),Y(2)#"Which choice correctly expresses this":"number as a standard power of 10?": fN49000 pN50000 zN51000= N(RIGHT6)152000,53000W NRESPNSE$EXIT$11000s N13000:FILE$LS$:13500 *PAGE 21 7000:,X(7),Y(5) "This quiz contains 8"::"questions. To complete this"::"lesson successfully, you need", F1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG8 tJMOD(A)(A2)A2V JCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812l JI$(9):QU$(34) JUL$"1&&&&&&&&&&&0" NLS$"WELCOME.POWERS.TEN" N*CONTROL*POWER.TEN-3 *N43000 4N44000 >N45000 HN46000 RN47000 \N48000, "G1,1,,2,0,,3,0,# ,GQ #8(20)+ 6G3,? @G1,0,,1,0,,2,1,E 8J BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) VJMA3:MF3:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMT$38030:now.":FD$(NM)FR$?fAXX(20):LN1:17000:,X(32),Y(3):"1"f,X(2),Y(21):"To review the division method, type R.":VSPACE,0f,X(2),Y(23):"To continue to the subtraction method,":"press RETURN.";:FRYE:1000:RE$M$RE$"R"26350:'ll have a/remainder of 1."bfFD$(1)"Right!":FD$(2)"The answer is 0. Type it in.":FD$(NM)FD$fAXX(13):AYY(17):XPX(8):YPY(20):17000fAN$(1)"1":FD$(1)"Right! We put a 1 in the/thirty-twos place.":FD$(2)"The answer is 1. Type it/in nn the/sixteens place.":FD$(2)"The answer is 1. Type it/in now.":FD$(NM)FR$|fAXX(20):LN1:17000:,X(33),Y(3):"1"f,X(5),Y(17):" 1 1#0 2 = ,^ R="fQU2:LN2:AN$(1)"0":ANSWER$(2)".5":FDBCK$(3)"Right, but please type 0./Then you,X(34),Y(3):"1"@lf,X(5),Y(15):" 3 1#0 2 = ,^ R="YvfQU1:LN2:AN$(1)"1"fFD$(1)"Right!":FD$(2)"The answer is 1. Type it in.":FD$(NM)FD$fAXX(13):AYY(15):XPX(8):YPY(18):17000MfAN$(1)"1":FD$(1)"Correct! We put a 1 iight!":FD$(2)"The answer is 3. Type it in.":FD$(NM)FD$kNfAXX(13):AYY(13):XPX(8):YPY(16):17000XfAN$(1)"1":FD$(1)"Correct! We put a 1 in the/eights place.":FD$(2)"The answer is 1. Type it/in now.":FD$(NM)FR$bfAXX(20):LN1:17000: ::(4)"BRUNHELLO":10:"ELECTRONIC MATH #1"::a2A$:A$"E"ĺ:(4)"BRUNHELLO":z<:(4)"RUNBOOT.PLE"7,X(3),Y(6X2)X3:X". "I$(X,0):2ZREWRITE:,X(37),Y(5):FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$"1"RESPNSE$"3"23080:REWRITEPZCHOICE(RESPNSE$):,X(3),Y(6CHOICE2)CHOICE3:RESET:(9)CHOICE". "I$(CHOICE,0)(9);ZZBOXIT,3dZREWRITE:,X( you want to study:"VYI$(1,0)"Decimal to binary conversions":I$(1,1)"BIN.REP-1.1"YI$(2,0)"Binary addition":I$(2,1)"BIN.REP-2"ZI$(3,0)"Practice set on conversions and"M$" addition ":I$(3,1)"BIN.REP-3"$(ZX13:IN.REP-1.2HN27000 RN28000+\N290006fN30000ApN31000LzN32000WN33000NRE$"R"İ13000:FI$"BIN.REP-1.1":13500NRE$"S"20040NRE$EX$11000N23000:13000:13500Y*CHOICE PAGEY7000:,X(3),Y(5):"Choose the partA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IGH`JZX%YE`tJMO(A)(A2)A2|JCL%809:SW%803:HP%812JI$(9):QU$(34)JB1$"0":T1$"9":B2$B1$:T2$T1$:PR$".":CM$",":SP$" ":NG$"-"NLS$"WELCOME.BIN.REP"  N*CONTROL'B0, FQ#3 F1, F1,1,& FQ#4. F2,= F1,1,,2,0,F FQ#5N F2,] F1,1,,2,0,c 8J BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)=VJMA4:MF6:AN$(M34,0: hB*SPECIAL'JUDGEA rBFD(J1,1)IN:STYE:LENO:TR0:ALYEi |B3000:JUCRFD$(NM)FD$(2):17020o B \D*SPECIAL'BOX fDX1%0:Y1%22:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:2000:15000: PF*QUESTION'DATA ZFQ#1 dF1, nF1,1, xFQ#2 F2, F1,1,,2,s to powers of 10."b#.::"To review the rules for converting"::"existing exponents, type R."#8,X(4),Y(16):"To start practicing, press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$RESPNSE$"R"42040:Aart practicing, press RETURN.";:FROMOT,1):A1$A1$A$:A$;:! d7BEEP:0 n7NX9000:? :*P-RETURN :VSPACE,0:HSPACE,0:,X(RX),Y(RY):"Press RETURN.";:FRYE:1000:RE$M$15010:REWRITE:,X(RX),Y(RY):12)" ";:WRITE: >*PARTIAL'ERASE >32,0:33,40:34,TP:35,24:CL% >$(RE$,1,L11):9 7(RE$,1,1)" "RE$(RE$,2):14110k (7RE$""RE(RE$):RL(RE$):NXYE::WRITE: 27BEEP:BEEP::14010 <7A1$""A1$(A1$,1,(A1$)1):(8); F7 P7A1$""A2$""A$(A2$,1):14071 Z7(A2$)(A1$)A$(A2$,(A1$)190 6(A1$)IL14180^ 6C1(B1$A$)(A$T1$):C2(B2$A$)(A$T2$):C3(A$PR$)(A$NG$)q 6(C1C2C3)ı 6A1$A1$A$:C9(A2$)(A1$):C9A2$A1$(A2$,(A2$)(A1$)) 7C9A2$A1$ 7A$;: 7RE$A1$:" ":L1(RE$)11:(RE$,1)" "RE! 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1K6*ALTERNATE'INPUT'ROUTINEX6REWRITE6,IX,IY:IL1)"";:A1$"":A2$"":JD$"":,IX,IY616368,06A$:14040:140306TY(Z9):ILĭNXTY5RE$A$:14120 6TY14100,14130,14140,14160,141        (4)"BRUN PLE.48":. (4)"BRUN PLE.DM":794,74:795,141:796,47:797,3:798,104:799,141x 2800,0:801,224:802,44:803,129:804,192:805,104:806,205:807,0 <808,224:809,240:810,3:811,44:812,128:813,192:814,96 d::(4)"CATALOG" n768:(815)130 x(4)"BRUN PLE.LC": /(978)190140\ 768,173:769,0:770,224:771,72:772,44:773,131:774,192:775,44776,131:777,192:778,173:779,0:780,224:781,72:782,169:783,165784,141:785,0:786,224:787,14:788,0:789,224:790,173:791,01 (792,224:793,73:  if you seem to "QU$"skip"QU$::"binary places. You'll be filling these"::"empty places with zeroes. For example,"fq:"in the last display you went from the"::"sixteens place to the fours place, and"::"so you put a 0 in the eights place"::"b units ";:VSPACE,0:BOXIT,3:VSPACE,1:" place, a":"0 in the ";:RESET:" twos ";:VSPACE,0:BOXIT,3:" place."nX1%0:Y1%22:X2%279:Y2%180:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:2000:,X(25),13:"01":1000:Hq*P-8ARq7000w\q,X(1),Y(5):" Don't worrydidn't use any":"eights."TmX2%279:Y2%148:,X(23),14:"01":RX21:RY21:17500m,7,Y(20):"Repeat these two":"steps until the":"remainder is 0."mX2%137:Y2%180:RX3:RY24:17500qm,139,Y(20)1:"5-4=1. Put a 1 in":"the ";:RESET:"T,3:VSPACE,1:" place-value":"included in the":"new number, put a":"1 in that place."mX2%137:Y2%148:RX3:RY21:17500m,140,Y(14):" 5 1-->0 4":"Now put a 0 in the":RESET:" eights ";:VSPACE,0:BOXIT,3:VSPACE,1:" place, since":"we :"1":17500>m,7,Y(10)3:"Subtract the":"place-value."cmX2%137:Y2%96:RX3:RY14:17500m,155,Y(10)7:"21 - 16 = 5"mX2%279:Y2%96:RX21:RY14:17500Ym,7,Y(14)2:VSPACE,1:"Find the highest":RESET:" binary ";:VSPACE,0:BOXIber."*~mX2%137:Y2%71:RX3:RY11:17500m,139,Y(4)2:" 21 1-->0 16, so the":"new number will go":"to the ";:RESET:" sixteens ";:VSPACE,0:BOXIT,3:VSPACE,1::"place. Put a 1 in":"this place." mX2%279:Y2%71:RX21:RY11:,X(22),14let's see an example.":1000:(`m*P-8hjm7000:,X(15),14:"2110^ = 2^":" 1%%%%%0"tm,7,Y(4)1:VSPACE,1:"Find the highest":RESET:" binary ";:VSPACE,0:BOXIT,3:VSPACE,1:" place-value":"that can be":"included in the":"numattention to the binary, octal, and":"hexadecimal number systems." V::" You'll need about 20 minutes to":"do the whole lesson.":VSPACE,0:1000:troduce you to the characteristics":"of number systems.":VSPACE,0 V,X(13),Y(11):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RE$M$22025:,X(13),Y(11):REWRITE:" ":WRITEC V,X(3),Y(10):VSPACE,2:" We will be paying special":"3:S1%2:H1%2:2000= R,57,106:"CONVERGENT SYSTEMS, INC." &R,111,128:"2 ABCDEF ":" HIJKLM ":"OPQRSTUV":"WXYZabcd":" efghij ":" lmnopq 0" XR1000: U*PAGE 2 U7000:,X(3),Y(4)C VVSPACE,2:" Greetings! This lesson will":"in000:13000:FILE$"NUM.SYS-1":13500) R R7000:,X(7),Y(3)4:" BASIC ELECTRONICS"::" ELECTRONIC MATH":" Disk #1":" Number Systems" RX1%28:Y1%7:X2%250:Y2%75:D1%3:S1%2:H1%1:2000:X1%29:Y1%8:X2%250:Y2%76:D1%М 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:138JBJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)VJMOD(A)(A2)A2tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812NLS$"WELCOME.NUM.SYS" N*CONTROL-WELCOME.NUM.SYS# *N21000:22   es for":"binary numbers."AiRX15:RY11:15000:,X(4),Y(12)i"Until you've memorized these place-":"values, it might be helpful to":"write them down. Here are the":"first nine places:"i::"256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1":::"Now ,Y(21):99)" ":230900xZFILE$I$(CHOICE,1)::xi*P-7Si7000:,X(4),Y(2)i"Now let's study the subtraction":"method of conversion.":::"This method is much faster than":"the division method, but you need"i"to remember the place-valu5),Y(21):"Press RETURN to take this part":"or press the space bar to choose":"another.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$" "RESPNSE$M$23140nZRESPNSE$" "įREWRITE:,X(3),Y(6CHOICE2)CHOICE3:RESET:CHOICE". "I$(CHOICE,0);:BOXIT,0:,X(5)15000i,X(3),Y(18):RESET:" Point ";:BOXIT,3:VSPACE,1:": The point (.) separates the":VSPACE,0:" fractional parts of a number from":" the whole parts: 102 . 5. In base"i" 10 the point is a decimal point.":1000:`m*PAGE.8jm"i" place to the left of the decimal":" point is the ones, or units place,":" the second is tens, the third is":" hundreds, etc. A digit 2 in the"i" tens place means that the 2 is":" worth 2 tens, or twenty: 12510^.":RXPS14:RYPS18:e is written as a subscript":" to a number: 2310^."QiRXPS14:RYPS8:15000i,X(3),Y(8):RESET:" Place-value ";:BOXIT,3:VSPACE,1:": the place-value of a":VSPACE,0:" digit comes from its position in":" a number. In decimal, the first the familiar decimal system."*e1000:7xi*PAGE.7Pi7000:,X(3),Y(2)iRESET:" Base or radix ";:BOXIT,3:VSPACE,1:": the number of digits":VSPACE,0:" or symbols used by the system."7i" Decimal uses 0-9, or 10 digits.":" The bas1:15000e,X(4),Y(17):"Before we look at these in binary,"::"octal, or hex, let's see what they"::"are in the familiar decimal system."e,X(4),Y(17):"Before we look at these in binary,"::"octal, or hex, let's see what they"::"are in12:RYPS11:15000e,X(4),Y(6):" * a base, or radix":14000::" * place-values":14000::" * a point":14000e:" * a least significant digit":14000e:" * a most significant digit":14000eRXPS12:RYPS2,X(2),Y(17):" For example, in the decimal system":"the multiple is 10, so the position"]:"is called a decimal place.":1000:e*PAGE.6e7000:,X(4),Y(2)e" All positional systems have"::"certain things in common:"eRXPSition or place."+ ]RXPS12:RYPS13:15000} ],X(24),Y(10):"This place has":,X(2),Y(11):" 1%%%%%%%% %%%%%0" ],X(2),Y(12):"a multiple that tells you the value"::"of the symbol which occupies it." ]RXPS12:RYPS17:15000_]ystem is a ";:RESET:" positional ":BOXIT,3::"number system."M Z1000:Z ]*PAGE.4s ]7000:,X(2),Y(4) ]" In a positional number system,"::"a quantity is represented by the use"::"of a symbol (1, 2, A, etc.) which takes" ]"a pos00 RN27000 \N28000# fN29000. pN30000N zN31000:RESPNSE$"R"ī20010r N13000:FILE$"NUM.SYS-2":13500 Y*PAGE.3 Y7000:,X(4),Y(7) Y" The number system we use most"::"often is the decimal, or base ten"A Y:"system. This sVJMA4:MF4:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IGh tJMOD(A)(A2)A2 JCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812 JI$(9):QU$(34) NLS$"WELCOME.NUM.SYS" N*CONTROL-NUM.SYS-1 %NRIGHT0:WRNG0 *N23000 4N24000 HN260 dF3, nF1,0,,1,0,,2,1,$ xFQ#2, F4,E F1,0,,1,0,,2,1,,1,0,N FQ#3V F4,o F1,0,,2,0,,3,1,,4,0,u 8J BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)O } 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:196*DELAYI6X1760:XO6^:*P-RETURN:,X(RXPS),Y(RYPS):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$15010:REWRITE:,X(RXPS),Y(RYPS):12)" ";:WRITE:PF*QUESTION DATAZFQ#1        ,X(24)3,Y(20):"0":X1800:Dq,X(27)3,Y(20):"1":1000:N0u*P-9:u7000:,X(2),Y(2):"Try this one yourself: 2010^ = 2^":30)"1%%%%%0"Du,X(2),Y(5):"What's the highest place-value that":"can be included in 20? Type yoecause eights were not used:"4pqRX14:RY20:15000zq,X(14),Y(21)1:"16s 8s 4s 2s 1s":,X(14),Y(21):"1%%% %% %% %% %%0"q,X(15),Y(20):"1":X1800:q,X(18)3,Y(20):"0":X1800:q,X(21)3,Y(20):"1":X1800: q >32,0:33,40:34,TP:35,24:CLR%/ >34,0:G hB*DRAW.CHART.PIECESN rB3 |B279,50,50,BY%1,BY%1,6278,6278,BY%279,BY%279,6 B0,BY%279,BY%:0,BY%1279,BY%1 B49,649,BY%50,BY%50,6:82,682,BY%83,BY%83,6:185,6185,BY%186,BY%1861,1):A1$A1$A$:A$;:" d7BEEP:1 n7NX9000:@ :*P-RETURN :,X(RXPS),Y(RYPS):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$15010:REWRITE:,X(RXPS),Y(RYPS):12)" ";:WRITE: >*PARTIAL ERASE >REWRITE:,AXPS,AYPS:" ":WRITE#"n"@y:"What's the highest place-value that":"can be included in 4? Type your":"answer and press RETURN."|"JyQU4:LN2"TyAN$(1)"4":AN$(2)"8""^yFD$(1)"Right. We put a 1 in the/fours place and hold the eights/place with a 0."%#hyFD$(2)"No. 8our arithmetic and try/again."D!uAXX(2):AYY(19):XPX(7):YPAYk!uFD(J1,1)IN:STYE:LENO:TR0:ALYE!u3000:JUCRFD$(NM)FD$(2):30200!v!y*P-10!"y32,0:33,40:34,3:35,24:CL%!,y34,0"6y,X(2),Y(4):"OK. The remainder was 4. u,X(2),Y(15):"Now subtract the place-value from the":"decimal number: 20 - 16 = ? Type the":"answer and press RETURN." uQU3:LN2 uAN$(1)"4" uFD$(1)"Right!" uFD$(2)"20 - 16 = 4, so type 4 in the/answer space."!uFD$(NM)"Check yt that can go into 20./Try again."GuAXX(2):AYY(9):XPX(7):YPAYnuFD(J1,1)IN:STYE:LENO:TR0:ALYEu3000:JUCRFD$(NM)FD$(3):30110u,X(2),Y(12):"OK. We put a 1 in the sixteens":"place.":,X(32),Y(2):"1":RX14:RY15:15000ur":"answer and press RETURN."-NuQU2:LN2IXuAN$(1)"16":AN$(2)"32"]buFD$(1)"Right!"luFD$(2)"Sorry. 32 cannot be included/in 20. Try again."vuFD$(3)"Try 16.""uFD$(NM)"The place-values are 1, 2, 4,/8, 16, 32...etc. so 16 is the/highes$(RE$,1,L11):9 7(RE$,1,1)" "RE$(RE$,2):14110l (7RE$""RE(RE$):RL(RE$):NXYES::WRITE: 27BEEP:BEEP::14010 <7A1$""A1$(A1$,1,(A1$)1):(8); F7 P7A1$""A2$""A$(A2$,1):14070 Z7(A2$)(A1$)A$(A2$,(A1$)90 6(A1$)IL14180^ 6C1(B1$A$)(A$T1$):C2(B2$A$)(A$T2$):C3(A$PR$)(A$NG$)q 6(C1C2C3)ı 6A1$A1$A$:C9(A2$)(A1$):C9A2$A1$(A2$,(A2$)(A1$)) 7C9A2$A1$ 7A$;: 7RE$A1$:" ":L1(RE$)11:(RE$,1)" "RE#( 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1K6*ALTERNATE INPUT ROUTINEX6REWRITE6,IX,IY:IL1)"";:A1$"":A2$"":JD$"":,IX,IY616368,06A$:14040:140306TY(Z9):ILĭNXTY5RE$A$:14120 6TY14100,14130,14140,14160,141             """  Š ԠŠ ˠŠ ԠŠ ˠŠ ̠ŠŠŠ͠ŠŠ: ŠԠE ĠŠ ŠԠ ˠɯϠ |Aȑȩȑȩȑ |AfLAȩEY ȩ |A |ALAɍ`BH h0`  6uX fG nALA,E,C,D@LA X?25A 2 <=I?߮=<,,<>=?  A   GTH4,ANSWER$(1)"512":ANSWER$(2)"1024"gĐFDBCK$(1)"Right! The value of the 4th/place is 512."ɐFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Don't multiply 2 times/the place value. Try again."ΐFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Sorry. Here's a hint: the/value of the next place to/the18),Y(9):HSPACE,2:" ";:RESET:"16":BOXIT,3:HSPACE,0:1000:O*P-17Z17000,X(4),Y(7):"What is the place value of the":"highlighted digit?",X(19),Y(10):RESET:" 2 ";:BOXIT,3:HSPACE,2:"3718":HSPACE,0QUESTIN2:LNds more/digits than 0-9. Try again."FDBCK$(NMTCH)"The answer is 16, or hex. Only/this system uses the digits/0-9 and A-F."AXPSX(3):AYPSY(12):XPSX(3):YPSAYPSY(2) FDBCK(J1NMTCH,1)INCRRECT:TRIES0:STPYES:LWRNGFDYES:3000D,X(BOXIT,3:HSPACE,0CҌQUESTIN1:LNGTH2:ALTYES:LEAVEITYES:STPYES܌ANSWER$(1)"16":ANSWER$(2)"10":ANSWER$(3)"8":ANSWER$(4)"2"FDBCK$(1)"Right! Hex uses 16 digits:/0-9 and A-F."%FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. The system that uses/letters as digits nee,X(4),Y(2)"Type your answer next to the 1?0 and":"press RETURN.":X1%16:Y1%4:X2%263:Y2%28:H1%2:S1%1:D1%2:200017000Ȍ,X(4),Y(7):"What is the base or radix of this":"number?":,X(18),Y(9):HSPACE,2:"20F";:RESET:" ":he following practice set has"::"7 questions. To complete this"::"lesson successfully, you need to"ֈ:"answer four of them correctly.",X(7),Y(16):"Press RETURN to begin.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$35040:*P-16 7000:M.SYS" N*CONTROL'NUM.SYS-3)*N3500044N36000?>N37000JHN38000URN39000`\N40000kfN41000vpN42000zN(RIGHT4)143000,44000NRESPNSE$EXIT$11000N13000:FILE$"NUM.SYS-1":13500*P-15ˆ7000:,X(4),Y(6)ḧ" T(27)OVJMA6:MF4:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG[`JZX%YESttJMOD(A)(A2)A2JCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812JI$(9):QU$(34)JB1$"0":T1$"9":B2$B1$:T2$T1$:PR$".":CM$",":SP$" ":NG$"-"NLS$"WELCOME.NU,0,,3,0,,3,0, FQ#5 F2,- F1,1,,2,0,6 FQ#6> F1,H G1,1,Q GQ#7Y G5,w "G1,1,,2,0,,2,0,,2,0,,2,0,} 8JBJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$S:3000 >! hB*SCREEN.SET-UPE rB32,0:33,40:34,4:35,24:CLR%Q |B34,0:e PF*QUESTION DATAn ZFQ#1v dF4, nF1,1,,2,0,,2,0,,2,0, xFQ#2 F2, F1,1,,2,0, FQ#3 F4, F1,1,,2,0,,3,0,,3,0, FQ#4 F6, F1,1,,2,0,,3,0,,3 cannot be included in 4./Try again.":#ryFD$(NM)"Try 4."l#|yAXX(2):AYY(10):XPX(7):YPAY:STNO:3000#y,X(33),Y(2):"01"]$y,X(2),Y(12):"Now when we subtract the place-value":"(4) from the decimal remainder (4),":"the new remainder is1,1):A1$A1$A$:A$;:" d7BEEP:1 n7NX9000:@ >*DO.JUDGE >FDBCK(J1NMTCH,1)INCRRECT:TRIES0:STPYES:LEAVEITYES:LWRNGFDNO:3000 >JUDGECRRECTFDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(NMTCH1):FDBCK(0,0)1:FDBCK(0,1)0:FDBCK(1,0)1:FDBCK(1,1)CRRECT:LWRNGFDYE$(RE$,1,L11):9 7(RE$,1,1)" "RE$(RE$,2):14110l (7RE$""RE(RE$):RL(RE$):NXYES::WRITE: 27BEEP:BEEP::14010 <7A1$""A1$(A1$,1,(A1$)1):(8); F7 P7A1$""A2$""A$(A2$,1):14070 Z7(A2$)(A1$)A$(A2$,(A1$)90 6(A1$)IL14180^ 6C1(B1$A$)(A$T1$):C2(B2$A$)(A$T2$):C3(A$PR$)(A$NG$)q 6(C1C2C3)ı 6A1$A1$A$:C9(A2$)(A1$):C9A2$A1$(A2$,(A2$)(A1$)) 7C9A2$A1$ 7A$;: 7RE$A1$:" ":L1(RE$)11:(RE$,1)" "RE$ 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1K6*ALTERNATE INPUT ROUTINEX6REWRITE6,IX,IY:IL1)"";:A1$"":A2$"":JD$"":,IX,IY616368,06A$:14040:140306TY(Z9):ILĭNXTY5RE$A$:14120 6TY14100,14130,14140,14160,141                  :AHOV]dkry @  A@@@AQ!‡@@  "#Leq_ ")07>ELSZahov} %,3   \bBBB`Ȯ  'x 8(i8逅i 8ԥΥд`$ 08 !      Т @ `` @ @ŠĠӠԠōԠΠԮŠӠŠԠƠōˠŠĠԠΠҠӢŠΠӠ΍ŠҠӠ٠άԍӠŠˠΠŠōĠӠΠӍΠàՠĠŠƠźΠŠ۠ӍΠԠ͠čҠŠĠˠĮŠԠӠϠҠҮҠ΍@@   ` X  (! M %8 M ` %! M `HI2$% "h  2`x ɧ͠٬ՠĠŠԍŠΠҠҠōՠΠŠӠŮ  G / XZ]_    L  L``ꩿ 0 XL,L ,L ` HhH#J  h`@hg@      808$m$imi`%J!8!`ɖ%Jm`ɇ |`ɕ `Ɇ `ɠ`m%mm%8%%m! !` 8     8   m%!!!8! 8!! )8  m$imim$ LɍLɊLɉLI`ɈLH8$K - ,H# ,P,R,Wux {&~) `L%LLiL  $ȱ% $%  ` L *UU*ժ    L Ɍ SI SL$ɕ(ESɍм `Ɉɠ ɍ7)L Li؍ĠӍԍ׍٠̍ō č ԍ̠ҠŠө&cr[H HHHH123./-0 C012/ۭ3hhhh h m-iLm.L`L S ,9 c{  J L1 I1``Q`   mL"` ` & & 8e e ȱȱȱee -.)-#.)-%LL Н],I9` S ,轓 S , 'ؠ'?`f  C  C  C  C`8 I1``Q`888 L17/8DL CL8  C CL C CL`````],@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @H Mh`-)%!H)'Lq'h)I `HHHFf & Chhh`F S ,/* + '  + '- !!!!!"""""""#######$$$$$$$%%%%%%%&&&&&&&''''''' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @      !!((((((((PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP                     $%%%&&&&'''@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ((((((((((((((((((((((((@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @  !!!""""###$$$LCLLLLLLLXLLLLLLLLLLLL,W,P`,Q`,S`,R` ,`@,`,T`,U`L  !!!!"""####$$$%%%%&&&'''' @        2.084 X 10^0",`Ǻ:"B) 2.084 X 10^-7"GjǺ:"C) 2.084 X 10^1"UtQUESTIN8~FDBCK$(1)"Sorry. You moved the decimal/point 4 places to the left, so/add +4 and -3. Try again."FDBCK$(2)"Right!"ǰ3000:14000:,X(21),Y(7):"2.084 X tly, but the/number shouldn't be negative./Try again."sFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Don't subtract 2 from/5. Try again."ð3000:14000:,X(20),Y(7):"2.63421 X 10^7":1000:8Dz*PAGE 29Bǰ17000:,X(5),Y(7)LǺ"20840 X 10^-3 = "UL$VǺ::"A)Pò*PAGE 28(Zð17000:,X(5),Y(7)Ddú"263421 X 10^2 = "UL$cnú::"A) 2.63421 X 10^7"xú:"B) 2.63421 X 10^-3"ú:"C) 2.63421 X 10^3"QUESTIN7FDBCK$(1)"Very good!"6FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. You counted decimal/places correc right, so now add/a negative number to the/existing exponent. Try again."bFDBCK$(2)"Right!"¿FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Count the number of/places you moved the decimal/point. Now try it again."̿3000:14000:,X(20),Y(7):"6.042 X 10^-4":1000:TCH,1)INCRRECT:AXPSX(19):AYPSY(11):XPSX(3):YPSY(14):3000s)ZJUDGECRRECTFDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(3):3000)dJUDGECRRECTįREWRITE:,X(20),Y(11):"64":WRITE)n1000:ULUL:6000:TP12:16000**xBY%125:17000:,1,Y(14):" HEX 16 ext place value, so 8 1$0 8 = 64."{(NRE$EX$11000N23000:13000:13500Y*CHOICE PAGEY7000:,X(3),Y(5):"Choose the part yoMF6:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IGS`JZX%YEejJCHOICE$(3,1)}tJMO(A)(A2)A2JCL%809:SW%803:HP%812JI$(9):QU$(34):ARROW$"1------>0"JB1$"0":T1$"9":B2$B1$:T2$T1$:PR$".":CM$",":SP$" ",0,,3,0, FQ#5 F2,( F1,1,,2,0,1 FQ#69 F2,H G1,1,,2,0,Q GQ#7Y G2,h "G1,1,,2,0,n 8J BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)HVJMA4:34,0: hB*SPECIAL'JUDGEN rBTRIES0:STPYES:FDBCK(J1NMTCH,1)INCRRECT:3000x |BJUDGECRRECTFDBCK$(NMTCH)"":3000~ B PF*QUESTION'DATA ZFQ#1 dF1, nF1,1, xFQ#2 F1, F1,1, FQ#3 F1, F1,1, FQ#4 F3, F1,1,,2,1):A1$A1$A$:A$;:! d7BEEP:0 n7NX9000:? :*P-RETURN :VSPACE,0:HSPACE,0:,X(RX),Y(RY):"Press RETURN.";:FRYE:1000:RE$M$15010:REWRITE:,X(RX),Y(RY):12)" ";:WRITE: >*PARTIAL'ERASE >32,0:33,40:34,4:35,24:CLR% >$(RE$,1,L11):9 7(RE$,1,1)" "RE$(RE$,2):14110k (7RE$""RE(RE$):RL(RE$):NXYE::WRITE: 27BEEP:BEEP::14010 <7A1$""A1$(A1$,1,(A1$)1):(8); F7 P7A1$""A2$""A$(A2$,1):14071 Z7(A2$)(A1$)A$(A2$,(A1$)190 6(A1$)IL14180^ 6C1(B1$A$)(A$T1$):C2(B2$A$)(A$T2$):C3(A$PR$)(A$NG$)q 6(C1C2C3)ı 6A1$A1$A$:C9(A2$)(A1$):C9A2$A1$(A2$,(A2$)(A1$)) 7C9A2$A1$ 7A$;: 7RE$A1$:" ":L1(RE$)11:(RE$,1)" "RE' 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1K6*ALTERNATE'INPUT'ROUTINEX6REWRITE6,IX,IY:IL1)"";:A1$"":A2$"":JD$"":,IX,IY616368,06A$:14040:140306TY(Z9):ILĭNXTY5RE$A$:14120 6TY14100,14130,14140,14160,141             !!!!!!!! 4103,76:104,87(4D$"RUN "FI$",D1"4412000q47000:,63,40:"Please put the diskette"::"marked - "5:(9)24)" ":" BASIC ELECTRONICS ":24)" ":" ELECTRONIC MATH ":" DISK #1 ":25)(9)LH5:"in drive ):,X(6),Y(16):" Press CTRL-RESET to start over.":16384,0H2T2UNHOOK216301,0:32,0:33,40::23:2:"** PREPARING LESSON--PLEASE WAIT. **";2REHOOK:,0,8:44135504D$"BLOAD ID.ELEC.MATH.1,D1"4D$"MAXFILES1"16384,0.%.(222)255Č64166I.32,0:33,40:34,0:35,24:CLR%.,35,39:"ERROR TYPE = ";(222):"LINE NO. = ";(218)(219)256:,X(6),Y(10)B/(9)31)(0):" Please report this to your ":" instructor. ":31)(900:FI$LS$:13500##A$"3"11000.#115004*+7000:,X(10),Y(9):"Going to the menu."::"Please wait one moment." +FI$"INDEX.ELEC.MATH.1":13500,*BYE NOW,7000:,X(9),Y(10):"BYE NOW --"::" come back soon!":16368,0: THE BEGINNING?"::5)"3. GO TO THE MENU?"::5)"4. STOP THIS LESSON?"j#:" TYPE 1, 2, 3, OR 4."#20:23:A$:A$"1"A$"4"9130#16300,0:16297,0:16302,0:16304,0:SWD%,EW:REHOOK:32,0:33,40:34,0:35,24:A$"1"ı#A$"2"İ130l:16302,0:LMARGIN,0:WRITE:((#7-#EW(SWD%)2#SWD%,8:UNHOOK:::32,5:33,30:5:1:" YOU ENDED THE LESSON IN THE":"MIDDLE."::" DO YOU WANT TO:"::5)"1. GO BACK TO WHERE":9)"YOU LEFT OFF?"J#:5)"2. START THIS LESSON":9)"FROMTWRITE:$QUQIĮ:QI0QIQI1:L1QIQU:FD(0,0),FD(0,2):L21FD(0,0):FD(L2,0),FD(L2,1),FD(L2,2):::QIQU:pz3(UL0):UX,UY1UX(UL)((775)(804))1,UY1:3:XbHP%,32:SWD%,72:32,0:33,40:34,0:35,24:CLR%":OC$"*"FEFE1:4020!OC$;X1%(777)(778)2563:Y1%(779)Y(1)3:X2%(780)(781)256X(2)3:Y2%(782)(776)3:D1%1:S1%1:H1%(JUCR)41:2000J(LE)JUCRİ1000:X1%X1%1:X2%X2%2:Y1%Y1%1:Y2%Y2%1:CLRWIND,X1%,Y1%,X2%,Y2% R1JUIGJUG0)RIRIJU:WRWRJU@ STP(JUIGJUIN)3030[ ,AX,AY:" ":WRITE:amFE0ıRESET:,XP,YPOU$FD$(FE):LO(OU$)1:OU$""JUG0:L11LO:OC$(OU$,L1,1):OC$"/"ĺOC$;:L1LOĺM$;:OC$(OU$,1)1FD(0,0):RE$AN$(L1)ĂT (L1FD(0,0))ALTāL11FD(0,0):(RE$)(AN$(L1))Ă  L1FD(0,0)JUFD(L1,1):FOYE:FEFD(L1,2(FD(0,2)TR)):QTLSFD(L1,0)DN:FD(L1,2)DN:FD(L1,1)IG b FOFENM(LN0):JUFD(J1,1) l 4000:JUIGTRTR1# (T1%:X1%X1%S1%:Y1%Y1%S1%:X2%X2%S1%:Y2%Y2%S1%::< ^ REWRITE:TRTRST:QU05000 Z(0):FONO:,AX,AY:"1?0";:SWD%,684SH:ILLN:IXAXX(3ZX%):IYAY:UXIX:UYIY:ULLN:6000 ALT110,14000:,IX,IY:RE$(IL(RE$))(IL0));:L169)256:IY(770)Y(1)1:IL0:109 FRFRNO:WRITE:n $RE$M$įREWRITE:,X(7),Y(24):27);:WRITE:x 81000~ 6 H1%:X1%(X1%(MOD(X1%)MOD(H1%))):X2%(X2%(MOD(X2%)MOD(H1%))):L11D1%S1%:X1%,Y1%X2%,Y1%X2%,Y2%X1%,Y2%X1%,YA1$(A1$,1,(A1$)1):(8);" F A1$""A2$""A$(A2$,1):80 (A2$)(A1$)A$(A2$,(A1$)1,1):A1$A1$A$:A$;: BEEP: NX9000:  REWRITE FRĹSWD%,72:,X(8),Y(24):"Press RETURN to continue.";" IX(768)(7(A2$)(A1$):C9A2$A1$(A2$,(A2$)(A1$))? dC9A2$A1$J nA$;: xRE$A1$:" ":L1(RE$)11:(RE$,1)" "RE$(RE$,1,L11): }(RE$,1,1)" "RE$(RE$,2):125 RE$""RL(RE$):NXYES::WRITE: BEEP:BEEP::20 A1$""f 12000-X(A)7(A1):Y(A)8A1819000> KREWRITExA1$"":A2$"":,IX,IY:IL1);:,IX,IY#16368,0(A$:50:402TY(Z9):ILĭNXTY5RE$A$:130<TY120,140,150,170,200F(A1$)IL190. PA1$A1$A$:C9        X(4):YPSY(8)4:17000/JUDGECRRECT40120,XPS,YPS:"Here's how to get the answer using":"the subtraction method.":" PUT A 1 IN THIS PLACE:":" 1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0^"" 305":" -256 "ARROW$" 256":" 2:S1%1:D1%2:2000DT,X(12),Y(6):"30510^ = 2^"^QUESTIN1:LNGTH10:LEAVEITYES:ALTYES:FDBCK(J1NMTCH,0)INCRRECThANSWER$(1)"100110001"rFDBCK$(1)"Right!"wFDBCK$(NMTCH)"No. Try again."AXPSX(20):AYPSY(6):XPSHOICE2:CHOICE". "I$(CHOICE,0);:BLNGTHBLNGTH:15000:20:1:99)" ":24100ft^FILE$I$(CHOICE,1)::CE3)CHOICE3:RESET:CHOICE". "I$(CHOICE,0);:BOXIT,0:,X(6),Y(21):99)" ":25070p4bFILE$I$(CHOICE,1):a00t^FILE$I$(CHOICE,1):Enother.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$" "RESPNSE$M$24140Mj^RESPNSE$" "Ģ6C0)(9);bBOXIT,3 bREWRITE:,X(6),Y(21):"Press RETURN to take this lesson":"or press the space bar to choose":"another.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$" "RESPNSE$M$25120W*bRESPNSE$" "įREWRITE:,X(6),Y(7CHOIhelp with special keys.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$"H"(RESPNSE$"1"RESPNSE$"3")25070:REWRITEaRESPNSE$EXIT$ıbRESPNSE$"H"ı bCHOICE(RESPNSE$):,X(6),Y(7CHOICE3)CHOICE3:RESET:(9)CHOICE". "I$(CHOICE,OME.NUM.SYS"JaI$(3,0)"Binary Representation":I$(3,1)"WELCOME.BIN.REP"a,35,42:"Press the number of the lesson":"you want to study:"aX13:,X(6),Y(7X3)X3:X". "I$(X,0):}aREWRITE:,X(6),Y(21):"Press ESC to stop, or H for":"TRL while pressing the":9)"X key to erase the answer":9)"that you typed in.":1000:ja*CHOICE'PAGEa7000:CHARMODE,3:,115,8:"MENU":CHARMODE,0aI$(1,0)"Powers of 10":I$(1,1)"WELCOME.POWERS.TEN" aI$(2,0)"Number Systems":I$(2,1)"WELCkey to go on":9)"to the next display."::" 1<-0 Press this key to go back":9)"over a letter that you":9)"typed by mistake."X]:" ESC If you want to stop at":9)"any time, press this key."::" CTRL-X Hold down the key marked":9)"Cue, press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$" "RESPNSE$M$23020O Y^ ]*KEY HELP ]7000:,X(4),Y(2):"To help you practice, you will be":"able to use the following keys on":"the computer's 1keyboard0:"]::" RETURN Press this poration, Chicago, Illinois.":VSPACE,03 hV1000:B Y*ASK HELP Y7000:,35,41:"Some special keys will help"::"you to go through this lesson."::"If you want to see which they"::"are, press the SPACE bar now."I Y,X(6),Y(14)::"To continevision"/ ,V"or other electronic devices nor"X @V"transformed, adapted nor utilized" JV"in any information or retrieval" OV"system in whole or in part without" QV"the written permission of" ^V"Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational"' `V"CorR*TITLE-PAGE-PAUSEC lR16368,0:X1500:X1(16384)128:X1ĂS R16368,0:f U*WARNING PAGE UBONO:7000:BOYES:32,0:33,40 V,X(3),Y(5):VSPACE,1:"WARNING:" V:"ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This work may" "V"not be transmitted by telX.ELEC.MATH.1 *N(6909)85(6910)170(6911)85İ21000:5120:6909,85:6910,170:6911,85:ADDR,1,64256:ADDR,2,17441:16302,0:22000:23000:RESPNSE$" "24000 4N25000:RESPNSE$EXIT$ī11500 HNRESPNSE$"H"İ24000:20020 \N13000:13500 q 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1B8J*INITIALIZATIONVJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)JMOD(A)(A2)A2:I$(5,1)dKCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812,LLS$"INDEX.ELEC.MATH.1" N*CONTROL-INDE     %%%0":" 2^">$QUESTIN5:LNGTH4:STPYES:LEAVEITYESf$ANSWER$(1)"1001":ANSWER$(2)"1101"{$FDBCK$(1)"Yes!"$FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. You made an error/in the fours place. Try/again."$!FDBCK$(NMTCH)"No. Try again."%&AXPSX(3):AYPSYj#zREWRITE:,X(5),Y(10):"1":,X(4),Y(5):"1 ":X1DD::Y47733:,X(4),Y:" ":"1"::WRITE#X1%67:Y1%37:X2%275:Y2%174:H1%5:S1%1:D1%1:2000#1000:#૲*PAGE-23#꫰16000$,X(2),Y(6):" 1012^"::" 1002^":" 1):"1":,X(5),Y(5):REWRITE:"1 ":WRITE9"aX1DD:"f,X(11),Y(16):"Add the fours column, plus":"the carried 1. 1+1+1 = 3, so":"put a 1 down and carry 1.":"Since this is the last"#p"column, put the carried one":"in the eights column."gether."::"Add the units column. 1+1 =":"2, so put 0 down and carry 1.":,X(7),Y(10):"0":,X(6),Y(5):"1"!WX1DD:+"\,X(11),Y(12):"Add the twos column, plus":"the carried 1. 1+1+1 = 3,":"so put a 1 down and carry 1.":,X(6),Y(10istake/in the fours place. Try/again."K 9FDBCK$(NMTCH)"No. Try again." >AXPSX(3):AYPSY(10):XPSX(12):YPSAYPS:17000 HJUDGECRRECT43200:REWRITE:,AXPS7,AYPS:LNGTH1)" ":WRITEs!R,X(11),Y(6):"Sorry. Let's go through this":"to 1112^":" 1%%%0":" 2^"NQUESTIN4:LNGTH4:STPYES:LEAVEITYES ANSWER$(1)"1110":ANSWER$(2)"10110":ANSWER$(3)"1010"*FDBCK$(1)"Right!"' 4FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. You have one place too/many. Try again.":FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. You made a mX2%263:Y2%181:H1%5:S1%1:D1%1:2000=1000:VSPACE,0:K*PAGE-227000:,X(3),13:"Add these numbers, type your answer,":"and press RETURN.":X1%7:Y1%1:X2%272:Y2%24:H1%2:S1%1:D1%2:2000:DD2000$ ,X(2),Y(6):" 1112^"::" 46":" -1320 "ARROW$" 32":" 14":" -180 "ARROW$" 8":" 6"y" -140 "ARROW$" 4":" 2":" -120 "ARROW$" 2":" 0"'~"Use 0 to hold the 16s place.":REWRITE:,AXPS7,AYPS:" "ANSWER$(1):X1%17:Y1%51:PSX(4):YPSY(8):170001`JUDGECRRECT42120j,XPS,YPS4:"Sorry. Let's use the subtraction":"method.^":" PUT A 1 IN THIS PLACE:":" 1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0^^":VSPACE,1St" 110":" -1640 "ARROW$" 64":" :Y2%178:H1%5:S1%1:D1%1:2000,1000::*PAGE-21E16000w$,X(12),Y(6)4:"11010^ = 2^".QUESTIN3:LNGTH9:ANSWER$(1)"1101110"BFDBCK$(1)"Right!"GFDBCK$(NMTCH)"No. Try again."VAXPSX(20):AYPSY(6)4:X 1%%%0^":" 11":" -8 "ARROW$" 8":" 1%%0^":" 3":" -2 "ARROW$" 2":" 1%%0^":" 1 "ARROW$" 1" "Hold the places between 64, 8, 2,":"and 1 with 0.":REWRITE:,AXPS7,AYPS:" "ANSWER$(1):X1%17:Y1%57:X2%263PSX(4):YPSY(8)4:170003xJUDGECRRECT41120,XPS,YPS:"Sorry. Let's go over this using":"the subtraction method.":" PUT A 1 IN THIS PLACE:":" 1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0^"" 75":" -64 "ARROW$" 64":" 263:Y2%178:H1%5:S1%1:D1%1:200001000:>(*PAGE-20I216000y<,X(12),Y(6):" 7510^ = 2^"FQUESTIN2:LNGTH9QANSWER$(1)"1001011"ZFDBCK$(1)"Right!"_FDBCK$(NMTCH)"No. Try again."nAXPSX(20):AYPSY(6):X1%%%0^":" 49":" -32 "ARROW$" 32":" 1%%0^":" 17":" -16 "ARROW$" 16":" 1%%0^":" 1 "ARROW$" 1"$"Hold the places between 256, 32,":"16, and 1 with 0.":REWRITE:,AXPS7,AYPS:" "ANSWER$(1):X1%17:Y1%59:X2%z ::(::10:"NUMBER SYSTEMS #1"::`2A$:A$"E"ĺ:(4)"BRUNHELLO":y<:(4)"RUNBOOT.PLE" :YPSAYPS:17000(,JUDGECRRECT46200, ,X(16),Y(11):"Sorry. Here's the":"solution:"::" 1410^ = 11102^":" + 2310^ = 101112":"1%%%%%%%%0":" 3710^ = 1001012^",dREWRITE:,AXPS7,AYPS:" "ANSWER$(1)%-nX1%101:Y1%76:X2GTH6:STPYES:LEAVEITYESE+سANSWER$(1)"100101":ANSWER$(2)"100000"\+FDBCK$(1)"Right!"+FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. You forgot to add/the carried one in the/fours column. Try again."+FDBCK$(NMTCH)"No. Try again.",AXPSX(3):AYPSY(14):XPSX(14)X(3),Y(2):"Find the binary sum of these decimal":"numbers. Type the answer and press":"RETURN.":X1%10:Y1%4:X2%270:Y2%36:H1%2:S1%1:D1%2:2000*ij,X(2),Y(10):" 1410^"::" + 2310^":" 1%%%0":" 2^"+γQUESTIN7:LN carried":"from the fours column, is 3,":"so this time put a 1 down":"and carry a 1 to the":"sixteens column.")|,AXPS7,AYPS:REWRITE:"11000":WRITE)X1%75:Y1%36:X2%275:Y2%155:H1%5:S1%1:D1%1:2000)1000:)*PAGE-25*7000:, The sum of the units":"column is 2, so put a 0 down":"and carry the 1. The sum of":"the twos column plus the":"carried 1 is 2, so again put":"a 0 down and carry 1. The"r),"same for the fours column.":"The sum of the eights":"column, plus the 1WER$(2)"10000"('FDBCK$(1)"Correct!"v'FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Check your addition/in the eights column. Try/again."' FDBCK$(NMTCH)"No. Try again."'AXPSX(2):AYPSY(10):XPSX(12):YPSAYPS:17000'JUDGECRRECT45200(",XPS,47:"Sorry. TE:"1001":WRITEK&X1%75:Y1%69:X2%275:Y2%126:H1%5:S1%1:D1%1:2000W&1000:e&ȯ*PAGE-24p&ү16000&ܯ,X(2),Y(6):" 10012^"::" 11112^":" 1%%%%0":" 2^"&QUESTIN6:LNGTH5:STPYES:LEAVEITYES'ANSWER$(1)"11000":ANS(10):XPSX(12):YPSAYPS:170007%0JUDGECRRECT44200%:,XPS,YPS:"Sorry. The sum of the units":"column is 1, the sum of the":"twos column is 0. The":"sum of the fours column is 2":"so put a 0 down and carry":"the 1."&D,AXPS7,AYPS:REWRIo"::"take.":1000:n be useful"c V:"when you want to avoid working with"::"many decimal places. By turning the" "V:"number to a standard form, you can"::"use it in operations involving other" ,V:"numbers in standard form.":1000: @V1000:0000:R00:nvolving other": ,V:"numbers in standard form.":1000:Aan"::"use it in operations involving other" ,V:"numbers in standard form.":1000:s numbers as powers of 10 when" V:"the number is smaller than 1 or"::"greater than 10. This caers of 10 when"N V:"the number is smaller than 1 or"::"greater than 10."Z ,V1000:Tful" V:"when you want to avoid working with"::"many decimal places. By turning the" "V:"number to a standard form, you can"::"use it in operations i0+ R,63,106:"CONVERGENT SYSTEMS, INC." &R,111,128:"2 ABCDEF ":" HIJKLM ":"OPQRSTUV":"WXYZabcd":" efghij ":" lmnopq 0" XR1000: U*PAGE 2 U7000 V,X(2),Y(8):" Hello! This lesson will help you"::"express numbers as pow00:22000:13000:FILE$"POWERS.TEN-2":135002 R R7000:,81,22:"BASIC ELECTRONICS"::" ELECTRONIC MATH":" Disk #1":" Powers of 10" RX1%29:Y1%8:X2%254:Y2%71:D1%3:S1%2:H1%1:2000:X1%30:Y1%9:X2%254:Y2%72:D1%3:S1%2:H1%2:200[ 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:138JBJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)VJMOD(A)(A2)A2tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812NLS$"WELCOME.POWERS.TEN" N*CONTROL-WELCOME.POWERS.TEN, *N210!! ! ! ! ! !d -2/and -7. Try again."hmFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. You should be adding/two negative numbers. Try/again."m3000:14000:,X(22),Y(7):"6.82 X 10^-9":1000:Hq*PAGE 8Rq17000\q"42.104 X 10^5 = "UL$fq::"A) 42104 X 10^6"pq:"B) jm17000&tm".0682 X 10^-7 = "UL$C~m::"A) 6.82 X 10^-9"^m:"B) 6.82 X 10^-8"ym:"C) 6.82 X 10^-5"mQUESTIN4mFDBCK$(1)"Right!"mFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. You moved the decimal/point 2 places to the right,/so you should have adde/digit to the left of the/decimal point. Try again."iFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Move the decimal point/one place to the right and add/-1 to the existing exponent."iFDBCK$(3)"Correct!"i3000:14000:,X(22),Y(7):"3.49 X 10^5":1000:`m*PAGE 7CeYPSAYPS:3000:14000:,X(21),Y(7):"7.89 X 10^-1":1000:Pxi*PAGE 6[i17000wi" .349 X 10^6 = "UL$i::"A) 349 X 10^5"i:"B) 3.49 X 10^7"i:"C) 3.49 X 10^5"iQUESTIN35iFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. You need one nonzero/again."eFDBCK$(2)"Yes! You moved the decimal/point 3 places to the left and/added the number of places to/the existing exponent."eFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. You forgot the negative/sign for the exponent. Try/again."eFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, or C."0:"3.24 X 10^5 ":1000:'e*PAGE 5>eAYPSY(18):17000Ye"7890 X 10^-4 = "UL$ue::"A) 789 X 10^-1"e:"B) 7.89 X 10^-1"e:"C) 7.89 X 10^1"eQUESTIN2eFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. The number of places/was 3. Add 3 to -4 and try(2)"No. Add 2 to the existing/exponent. Try again."4bFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. You need to have one /nonzero digit to the left of/the decimal point. Try again.">bFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, C, or D."HbXPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000Rb,X(21),Y(7):1400"D) 32.4 X 10^4"; bQUESTIN1:LNGTH1:STPNO:LEAVEITYES{bANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B":ANSWER$(3)"C":ANSWER$(4)"D" bFDBCK$(1)"Right. You moved the decimal/point two places to the left,/so you had to add 2 to the/existing exponent."6*bFDBCK$wer of 10?":" Type its letter and press RETURN."jaX1%14:Y1%3:X2%266:Y2%36:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000aAXPSX(2):AYPSY(19):17000a" 324 X 10^3 = "UL$a::"A) 3.24 X 10^5"a:"B) 3.24 X 10^1"a:"C) 3.24 X 10^-1"b:rrectly. If you have difficulty,"::"help will be available." ],X(8),Y(16):"Press RETURN to begin.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$24040: a*PAGE 4 a7000:,X(3),Y(2)2a" Which choice correctly expresses":" this number as a po N(RIGHT6)133000,340006 NRESPNSE$EXIT$11000] N13000:FILE$"POWERS.TEN-2":13500j ]*PAGE 3 ]7000:,X(4),Y(5) ]" Let's start with a set of 8"::"questions. To complete this set,"::"you need to answer 6 questions"? ]:"coA2" JCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%8128 JI$(9):QU$(34)R JUL$"1&&&&&&&&&&&0"o NLS$"WELCOME.POWERS.TEN" N*CONTROL POWER.TEN-1 *N24000 4N25000 >N26000 HN27000 RN28000 \N29000 aNRIGHT420120 fN30000 pN31000 zN32000,,2,0,,3,0, 8J BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) VJMA4:MF3:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG tJMOD(A)(A2)1."JUDGECRRECTFDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(3):3000l.,JUDGECRRECTįREWRITE:,X(37),Y(15):" F ":WRITE.-REWRITE:,AXPS,AYPS:" ":WRITE.6ULUL:6000:1000:.Є*P-14.ڄ7000:,X(3),Y(4)/䄺" It's time to check your progress"::"w What's the 6th letter of/the alphabet? Try again."-FDBCK$(3)"No. Hex uses 16 digits, so if 0-9/makes 10 digits, A makes 11, so F/is the 16th.".FDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(2):FDBCK(J1NMTCH,1)INCRRECT:AXPSX(37):AYPSY(15):XPSX(3):YPSY(18):3000":WRITE,,҂1000:ULUL:6000:TP16:160002,܂c,QUESTIN5:ALTNO:LNGTH1:LEAVEITYES:STPYES,ANSWER$(1)"F":ANSWER$(2)"G":ANSWER$(3)"16",FDBCK$(1)"Right! Hex uses 16 digits, so if/A is the 11th, F must be the 16th."5-FDBCK$(2)"Sorry.