' +JJJJ ?\>m0M='+l> /+l   d]@ŵLҦ]]LF L}BBL] X  ` L 鷎귭෍ᷩ췩緈JJJJx Lȿ L8ᷭ緍췩 緍i 8 `巬 췌`x (`(8`I`B` ``>J>J>VU)?`8'x0|&HhHh VY)'&Y)xꪽ)' `Hh`V0^*^*>&` aI꽌ɪVɭ&Y&&Y& 꽌ɪ\8`&&꽌ɪɖ'*&%&,E'зЮ꽌ɪФ`+*xS&x'8*3Ixix&& 8  '  & x)*++`FG8`0($ p,&"LɺɺLƩ  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@L@距i@췩뷩A񷩷 0L i@LπҠӠˠĠ٠ŠҧӠŠŢ80^݌Hh ü ü݌ ռ ռ ռA ļD ļ? ļAEDE?HJ>h Լ ռ ռ ռ`HJ>݌h Hh݌`葠葠ȔЖȔЖȠHIHHHHhHH݌hHhHh݌H6 ˆʎõĵL õ ĵµ aµ`` L̦µ_bJLuLz`  ȟ QlXJ̥KlV  ȟ QlV eօ3L e3L &RL &QL d L4 Ne)n ``ff L f`L . tQLѤ LҦL` OPu d L Ne)noon 8ɍ` ^f\õL ^NR  RΩLҦ)\Z ʽ LHv 3h`0h8` [L NС õ`A@` ŵL^Lõ`  \ 濭0 \  ȟ Q ^\lZl^?cqH şch`fhjõĵ@OAP`u@`@&`QR`E Ls  @DAE@u`8` %@ @A@`@`@A`Mµ ) LЦ`8@AWc@8@-@HAȑ@hHȑ@ȑ@hHȑ@Ȋ@ch8&ȑ@Hȑ@Ah@LHȑ@ȑ@ htphso`hMhL`9V8U897T6S67`INILOASAVRUCHAIDELETLOCUNLOCCLOSREAEXEWRITPOSITIOOPEAPPENRENAMCATALOMONOMOPRINMAXFILEFINBSAVBLOABRUVERIF!pppp p p p p`" t""#x"p0p@p@@@p@!y q q p@  LANGUAGE NOT AVAILABLRANGE ERROWRITE PROTECTEEND OF DATFILE NOT FOUNVOLUME MISMATCI/O ERRODISK FULFILE LOCKESYNTAX ERRONO BUFFERS AVAILABLFILE TYPE MISMATCPROGRAM TOO LARGNOT DIRECT COMMANč$3>L[dmx- ( ٮǮԠĠȠŠ@跻~!Wo*9~~~~ɬƬ~_ j ʪHɪH`Lc (L ܫ㵮赎 ɱ^_ J QL_Ls贩紎 DǴҵԵƴѵӵµȴ 7 ַ :ŵƴѵǴҵȴµ納贍﵎ٵ്ᵭⳍڵL^ѵ-I `  4 ò-յ!  8صٵ紭ﵝ 7L (0+BC  7L HH`LgL{0 HH` õL H hBL BH [ h`Lo õ ڬL B ڬ LʬH hB@ յյ [L (ȴ) ȴ 7L L ( L (ȴL{ƴѵ洩ƴǴҵ 7 ^* B0 HȱBh ӵԵ 8 L8 ݲ` ܫ  / / ED B / / ]ƴS0Jȴ ȴ)  紅D贅E B ƴ  / 0L Ν `HD٤DEEhiHLGh ` ŵBѵ-` ѵB-` ܫ XI볩쳢8 DH E𳈈췍Ȍ X0 · JLǵBȵC`,յp` 䯩 R-յյ`յ0` K R-յյ`ɵʵӵԵ` 4 K ( ѵҵLBȱBL8` DBHBH : ַ޵BȭߵBhhӵԵ RBܵmڵ޵ȱBݵm۵ߵ` 䯩LR˵̵ֵ׵`êĪLR E( 8` R` ELRŪƪ`췌 յյI뷭鷭귭ⵍ㵍跬ª 뷰` Lf ݵܵߵ޵ ^`8ܵ i B8` 4L ֵȱB׵ ܯ䵍൭嵍 ` DȑB׵Bֵ  ַ յյ`굎뵎쵬 뵎쵌``õĵBCõĵ`µµ`L õBĵCصص Qƴ0"Bƴ 󮜳` 0۰ϬBƴ8`i#`ЗLw!0>ﵭ` m ﳐ 7i볍 8 ЉLw`H h ݲL~ `浍국䵍뵩嵠Jm赍嵊mjnnn浈ۭm浍浭m䵍䵩m嵍`"L ŵ8ŵH ~(`F  d ֠z#??? ӮʠӠΠu` @@@ @ H$ "H"A"@ >A>`0> ē@c2iO  %GA G$<@c@pPDaPH @pERG$G$qdG$@$Oy‡@ H$H$ HRQH$< @pC>q E@>y8#q>A #q8@A@@@  J'H#y@ qH$8>#>#@q"'@p80" @ "J%"I%H$q#Hȣ<y>@ "H$q":AHOV]dkry @  &A@@@AQ!‡@@ ALeq_ ")07>ELSZahov} %,3P0HH-#$-  $#-hh`( &H(h`H#) c)h Hh` J ɠɍɘɈɕ ɛɃک./ ?.`L ` ` )!) !` `LLLR LX  m!8!` )` J 0 ?`$H$ h$`% $(&)m,'`,#P $&! `'i'`"% %%#LX  0 >H h`,# 릡`67 `6789 `    L`` -` ! "!  "蘝`     ` ) 8  8m$ imi8 %8mߠ:)p):=pLȘe::HH`UNHOOREHOOCLRWINWRITREWRITEXADDRESEBOXIHSPACVSPACCHARMODLMARGIPAGEPAGENMCOBEE$KQW^ ,69N<q{ {,X(5),Y(20):"Press RETURN to get started.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$22045:@WRITE:IIE,1):WRITE:),Y(6CHOICE2):RESET:CHOICE". "I$(CHOICE,0);:BOXIT,0:,X(5),Y(14):120)" ":25090zHbFILE$I$(CHOICE,1):WRITE::,X(5),Y(6CHOICE2):RESET:CHOICE". "I$(CHOICE,0);:BOXIT,0:,X(5),Y(17):120)" ":25090THbFILE$I$(CHOICE,1):WRITE:"BLOAD CURRENT FLOW,A"AD",D1":ADDR,4,(115)((116)2)256X @J(115)((116)2)2561 BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:GO4:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)2 LJMA3:MF3:AN$(MA):FD$(MF."; |B PF*QUESTION.DATA& ZFQ#1. dF3,B nF1,0,,2,0,,3,1,W 8J*INITIALIZATION :JAD(115)((116)4)256::(4)"BLOAD SCHEMATIC.SYMBOLS.1,A"AD",D1":ADDR,3,(115)((116)4)256 JAD(115)((116)2)256::(4)N 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:18:*P.R.:,X(RX),Y(RY):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$15010:REWRITE:,X(RX),Y(RY):" ":WRITE:hB*PRESS.OF.RETURN rB,X(8),Y(24):"Press RETURN to continue105961:121,Y:221,Y:Y'R160003RZC0:ZDRRX(16384)zR"0";:RX12721100:16368,0:RX1281321100 R,X(2),Y(20):"The essential feature in a parallel":"circuit is that the current branches":"and flows along several differen83,Y:Y:3:77,5187,51:77,5087,50:ZC:Y47110:1131,Y:YNR16000:32RY6898:283,Y:Y:48:X129811:1X,107:X:32:Y99109:283,Y:Y:3:77,10087,100:77,10187,101:ZCR16000:32R48:X79201:1X,107:2X,107:X:0:Ynd joins to return to the battery."dbR,X(8),Y(24):"Press RETURN to continue.";:16368,0:RZ0mlRZC7vR"4";:Z12:ZC:1:0:Y56421:121,Y:221,Y:Y:16:X2385:1X,45:2X,45:X{R16000:16?RX86134:1X,45:X:32:Y4767:278,8478,100eDR"3";:3:1:0:220,66:2146,66:1186,96:16:183,60:1132,60:1258,60:"0";oNR1000#XR,X(2),Y(15):"In circuit A, the current flows from":"the battery, through the wire, splits":"and flows through the two resistors,":"a:252,85252,100211,100:192,100154,100154,81:126,85126,10028,10028,81:77,5177,66:77,8577,100 :R27,6627,50127,50127,64:153,66153,50253,50253,64:253,88253,101214,101:189,101153,101153,86:127,88127,10127,10127,86:78,5178,67:,X(2),Y(1)fR"Let's look at two circuits. A is a":"parallel circuit, B is a series":"circuit.&R,17,68:"-":,144,68:"-":,17,94:"+":,144,94:"+":,70,40:"A":,196,40:"B"h0R3:28,7328,51126,51126,66:154,73154,51252,51252,66OME.PARALLEL.CIR.1"2 N*CONTROL.PARALLEL.CIR.1-1= *N21000H 4N22000S >N23000r HN24000:RESPNSE$"R"20010} RN25000 \N26000 fN27000 pN28000 zN29000:RESPNSE$"R"20010 N13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIR.1-2":13500 R*PAGE4 R7000:(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) VJMA7:MF6:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG:NXYES tJMOD(A)(A2)A2 JCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812 JI$(9):QU$(34) JUL$"1&&&&&&&&&&&0" NLS$"WELC((116)4)2561j >JAD(115)((116)2)256::(4)"BLOAD POINT,A"AD",D1":ADDR,4,(115)((116)2)256 @J(115)((116)2)2561$ BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$0:35,24: PF *QUESTION DATA- ZF *Q#1 6 dF 2,H nF 1,0,,2,1, U xF *Q #2 ^ F 7, F 5,0,,5,0,,2,0,,4,0,,1,1,,5,0,,3,0, 8J :JAD(115)((116)4)256::(4)"BLOAD SCHEMATIC.SYMBOLS.1,A"AD",D1":ADDR,3,(115)((116)4)256 A hB *PAGE SET-UPf rB32,0:33,40:34,18:35,24:CLR% |B32,0:33,40:34,0:35,24: B *CLEAR PART OF SCREEN B32,0:33,40:34,0:35,6:CLR% B32,0:33,40:34,17:35,24:CLR% B32,0:33,40:34,N*CONTROL-SYSTEM-INIT /%ND$"BLOAD CHRPRNT1"G*N823,3:824,16:819d4N16302,0:232,0:233,17y>NFILE$LS$:13500$:13500m$:1350094N16302,0:232,0:233,17>NFILE$LS$:13500:3):D$M$(4):EX$(27)5dKCLR%816:SWD%825:HP%826O,LLS$"INDEX.NUM.SYS.1"i6LD$"BLOAD ALL-BINARY" N*CONTROL-SYSTEM-INIT %ND$"BLOAD CHRPRNT1"*N823,3:824,16:8194N16302,0:232,0:233,17>NFILE$LS$:1350000 3500ARY" NT,A$4000">NFILE$LS$:13500ANFILE$LS$:13500l*N823,3:824,16:819j4N16302,0:232,0:233,17>NFILE$LS$:1350011000:135006120006103,1:104,64:18J*INITIALIZATION VJZ94097:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(1is"::"closed.":NXNO:1000:13500/612000E6103,1:104,72:1K8JVJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)dKCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812,LLS$"INDEX.CIRCUITRY.1" *ND$"BLOAD ALL-BINARY":D$"BLOAD ALTS.FO12000D47000:,63,40:"Please put the diskette"::"marked - "5:(9)24)" ":" BASIC ELECTRONICS ":24)" ":" FUNDAMENTALS OF ":" DC CIRCUITRY "525)(9)#H5:"in drive 1 and make sure"::"that the drive door 119,64161,64161,74:119,92119,104161,104161,93:140,104140,116:246,92246,120#i33,7233,47247,47247,73:141,48141,64:33,9334,116:118,72118,63162,63162,73:118,93118,105162,105162,94:141,104141,120:247,92247,120W$i"3";:3:0:PNSE$M$27021:,X(13),Y(8):REWRITE:" ":WRITE"i,25,65:"-":,25,107:"+":,138,46:"A":,138,73:"B""i,98,84:"R1^":,169,84:"R2^":,228,84:"R3^"T#i3:34,7934,48246,48246,73:140,48140,64:34,8734,120:119,73ngement.":1000:!xi *PAGE 78!i7000:,X(1),Y(2)!i" There's a third way to draw the":"circuit! The difference lies in the":"way the branches are drawn. Watch":"closely!"@"i,X(13),Y(8):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RES238,117` e328,117:398,117:3168,117:3238,117:328,117:398,117:3168,117:3238,117h eLXx eLX826093 e"0"; f,X(3),Y(19)!f" This circuit is the same as the":"first. It has three branches in the":"same parallel arrabranches return to ground.":VSPACE,0Ne"3";:1:7:0:369,21:"0":1000ZeLX18e0:36,120245,120:35,121246,121e3:36,12036,124:246,120246,124:106,120106,124:176,120176,124 e"3";:3:0:1:328,117:398,117:3168,117:3R%Mb34,0:,X(1),Y(18):"This parallel circuit has 3 branches.":1000:Ze*PAGE*6ee17040eVSPACE,4:,X(1),12%e" You can also draw this circuit":"without the ground wire. Instead, use":"a ground ( ) symbol to show that the":"240,106:"0";#a,X(1),Y(18)b" To find the number of branches in":"this circuit, count the number of":"current paths between the - battery ":"terminal and the ground wire, which":"returns to the + battery terminal." b1000:34,17:CL2036,95:105,64105,80:175,64175,80:105,100105,120:175,100175,120a35,8035,63246,63246,81:246,100246,12135,12135,100:106,64106,81:176,64176,81:106,100106,120:176,100176,120a"3";:3:0:1:228,80:48:1100,106:1170,106:18):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$25025:,X(13),Y(8):REWRITE:" ":WRITEa,26,79:"-":,26,108:"+"a,87,90:"R1^":,155,90:"R2^":,227,90:"R3^"Ha3:36,8736,64245,64245,78:245,101245,12036,1SPNSE$M$24030:a*PAGE57a7000:,X(1),Y(1)a" Parallel circuits can be pictured":"schematically in several ways."::" The simplest way is with two or":"more branches connected to a return,":"or ground wire."na,X(13),Y(X(6),Y(6)]"If you're not sure you can tell"::"the difference between a parallel"::"circuit and a series circuit"::"type R to review."],X(6),Y(15):"Press RETURN to continue the":::"lesson.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$"R"RE"paths, or ";:RESET:" branches ";:BOXIT,3:".":RXPS14:RYPS12:14000Z,X(2),Y(13):"This type of circuit is very important"::"in the field of electronics, so be sure":"you can remember this definition!"Z1000:]*PAGE4C ]7000:,16368,0:RX1281322060V,Y*PAGE4BY7000:,100,11:"DEFINITION":X1%93:Y1%0:X2%177:Y2%13:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000Y,X(2),Y(6):"A parallel circuit is a circuit in":Y,X(2),Y(8)HY"which there are at least two circuit"::0:1257,Y:2257,Y:Y7TV(16384)12813Z3:22150b^V48:X2551461:1X,107:2X,107:XhV(16384)12813Z3:22150rV0:Y105961:1147,Y:2147,Y:Y|V(16384)12813Z3VZC0:ZVRX(16384)V"0";:RX12722060:flows through one":"component at a time."f"V,X(8),Y(24):"Press RETURN to continue.";:16368,0o,VZC76V"4";:Z12:ZC:1:0:Y56421:1147,Y:2147,Y:Y:16:X149260:1X,45:2X,45:X@V(16384)12813Z3:22150JV32:Y4711t":"paths."R1000:&U*PAGE*4AKU32,0:33,40:34,14:35,24:CLR%UV34,0V,X(2),Y(15):"Now look at circuit B. Unlike A which":"has two current paths, circuit B has"*V"only one current path. In the series":"circuit (B), current 22)4:"5 + 10":1000:"*˰7000:,X(2),Y(2):" Remember that these 2 simplified"::"formulas only work in special cases."::"The general formula (written below)"::"will give the total resistance for""/˒3y#4˺:RESET:" all ";:BOXIT,3:" pn for the total"::"resistance is written:"!Vǯ,X(14),Y(15):"R1^ X R2^ ":84,125147,125:,X(8),Y(16):"RT^= ":,X(14),Y(17):"R1^ + R2^""`ǯ,X(5),Y(21):"For example: 3 1/3";OMEGA$;"= (10 X 5)";OMEGA$:179,168243,168:,X(29),Y(9,168:,X(24),Y(22)2:"5 branches":1000: Bǰ7000:,X(2),Y(2):" The second special simplifying"::"case is when there are only two"::"branches in the circuit. If these",!LǺ:"branches have resistances of R1^ and"::"RT^, the equatioified to:":,X(10),Y(13)5:"resistance in one branch":,X(6),Y(14)4:"RT^= ":3:63,112231,112xï,X(10),Y(16):"number of branches in the":,X(18),Y(17):"circuit". ï,X(6),Y(21):"For example: 2";OMEGA$;"= 10";OMEGA$:161,16822,Y(3)4:"the application of the rule for the":"calculation of parallel circuit"dú"resistance. The first case is when":"all branches of the circuit have the":"same resistance. In this case, the":"equation for total resistance may"hnú"be simpl:77,100175,100e(JUDGECRRECTē77,11284,112:105,112112,112:133,112140,112:161,112168,112q21000:Zð7000:,X(2),Y(2)4:" There are two ";:,X(21),Y(2)2:RESET:" special ";:BOXIT,3:,X(28),Y(2)4:" cases in"R_ï,X(2):AXPSX(7):AYPSY(8):XPSX(7):YPSY(14):3000c JUDGECRRECTĪFDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(3):3000JUDGECRRECTĒ3:,X(7),Y(14):"RT^= 6 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 2.5";OMEGA$:,X(11)4,Y(15)4:"30 30 30 30"JUDGECRRECTį,X(18),Y(13)4:"1" ";OMEGA$<γQUESTIN2:LNGTH3:LEAVEITYES:STPYES:ALTYESQسANSWER$(1)"2.5"hFDBCK$(1)"Right!"FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Check your arithmetic/and try again."FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Here is the solution:"1FDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(2):J1NMTCHINCRRECT4:"Find total resistance for 4 parallel":"branches having values of 5";OMEGA$;", 10";OMEGA$;",":"15";OMEGA$;", and 30";OMEGA$;". Type the answer and":"press RETURN." ijX1%0:Y1%0:X2%279:Y2%40:H1%3:S1%1:D1%1:2000:,X(2),Y(8):"RT^ = 6JUDGECRRECT:3:,X(7),Y(14):"RT^ = 1 + 1 + 1 = 2";OMEGA$:,X(12),Y(15)4:"20 4 5":,X(17),Y(13)4:"1":77,102168,102@JUDGECRRECTē77,11291,112:119,112126,112:154,112161,112J1000:7000,X(2),Y(1)196,87:175,98175,104:245,85245,108'ym76,8776,99120,99120,88:99,9899,108:153,87153,99197,99197,88:176,98176,108:246,86246,108(zm"3";:3:0:1:227,66:327,102:391,102:3168,102:3238,102:16:1125,62:1202,62:48:171,92:158119,58119,68:175,48175,58:154,67154,58196,58196,68&wm34,6634,47246,47246,67:34,8734,102:99,4899,58:76,6676,57120,57120,67:176,48176,58:153,66153,57197,57197,67''xm77,8677,98119,98119,87:98,9898,104:154,86154,98196,98(2):"How many branches does this":"circuit have? Type the answer":"and press RETURN."%omX1%28:Y1%1:X2%252:Y2%40:H1%2:S1%1:D1%2:2000%tm,26,64:"-":,25,97:"+"<&vm3:35,7335,48245,48245,66:35,8135,108:98,4898,58:77,6777,1:326,114:3133,114:3239,114:226,72:16:1167,68:48:1113,98:1241,98:"0";k$i,X(1),Y(19)$i" The circuit has three branches.":"Do not count the wire leading from A to":"B as a branch!":1000:$`m *PAGE 8Y%jm7000:,X(6),Yted the lesson, you" V"should be able to identify and":"define a parallel circuit. You will":"also be able to state the rules of":"a parallel circuit." VVSPACE,0:RXPS14:RYPS14:15000:,X(5),Y(17):"The lesson takes about 15 minutes."Y VEMS, INC."e &R,106,128:"2 ABCDEF ":" HIJKLM ":"OPQRSTUV":"WXYZabcd":" efghij ":" lmnopq 0"q XR1000:} U*PAGE2 U7000:,X(3),Y(3) VVSPACE,2:" Hello! This lesson introduces":"you to the parallel circuit. When":"you have comple,X(15),Y(17)4:"1 1 5":56,134147,134:175,134182,134:203,134210,134!JUDGECRRECTē56,14463,144:84,14491,144:112,144119,144:140,144147,144:175,144182,144!1000:"j7000:,X(10),Y(7):1:CHARMODE,3:"GREAT!":CHATCHINCRRECT:AXPSX(8):AYPSY(14):XPSX(3):YPSY(19):3000o JUDGECRRECTFDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(3):3000 JUDGECRRECTĒ3:,X(3),Y(18):"RT^ = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 7 = 7 = .71";OMEGA$:,X(9),Y(19)4:"2 5 2 5 5"X!JUDGECRRECT ";OMEGA$IQUESTIN4:LNGTH3:LEAVEITYES:STPYES:ALTYES:TRIES0^ANSWER$(1)".71"uFDBCK$(1)"Right!"FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Check your arithmetic/and try again."FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Here is the solution:"> FDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(2):J1NM,8229,76:85,8285,78:141,82141,78:197,82197,78:267,82267,78,X(10),Y(8):"R1^ R2^ R3^ R4^":,X(9),Y(10):"2";OMEGA$;" 5";OMEGA$;" 2";OMEGA$;" 5";OMEGA$,X(3),Y(11):"+":,X(3),Y(14):"RT^ = 6,60R7:29,4829,68:85,4885,60:141,48141,60:197,48197,60:267,48267,60"3";:7:1:0:222,61:16:190,54:1146,54:1202,54:1272,54:"0"C3:28,82266,82:28,8228,76:84,8284,78:140,82140,78:196,82196,78:266,82266,78:29 the":,X(2),Y(3):"circuit below. Type the answer and":,X(2),Y(4)4:"press RETURN."X1%0:Y1%0:X2%279:Y2%40:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000,X(3),Y(7):"-":3:28,48266,48:28,4828,68:84,4884,60:140,48140,60:196,48196,60:266,4826:"1 1":,X(30),Y(15):"8":77,118140,118:166,118177,118:203,122210,122JUDGECRRECTē77,12884,128:105,128112,128:133,128140,128:168,128175,1281000:]7000:,X(2),Y(1)4:"Find RT^ for R1^, R2^, R3^, and R4^ inSX(6):YPSY(16):3000IJUDGECRRECTFDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(3):3000JUDGECRRECTĒ3:,X(5),Y(16):"RT^ = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7 = = 1.14";OMEGA$:,X(30),Y(16)4:"7":,X(12),Y(17)4:"8 8 8 8"VJUDGECRRECTį,X(16),Y(15)4DBCK$(1)"Right!"FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Check your arithmetic/and try again. Your answer/should be less than the lowest/resistance value."FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Here is the solution:"FDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(2):J1NMTCHINCRRECT:AXPSX(8):AYPSY(10):XP$;", and 8";OMEGA$".":VSPACE,5:"Enter RT^ and press RETURN.":VSPACE,0X1%0:Y1%0:X2%248:Y2%40:H1%1:S1%1:D1%1:2000:,X(3),Y(10):"RT^ = ";OMEGA$QUESTIN3:LNGTH4:LEAVEITYES:STPYES:ALTYES:TRIES0ANSWER$(1)"1.14"Fin the"::"lesson."::"To review this part of the lesson,"::"type R."Sq1000{qRESPNSE$M$RESPNSE$"R"29070:q,X(4),Y(5):"RT^ is LESS than the SMALLEST branch"::"resistance value used in a parallel":zq"circuit. Note that the examples so"::"far have had equal resistance in"::"each branch. Examples of unequal":Iq"resistance are covered later ionship, so they can't both/increase. Try again."WmFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, OR C."rmAXPSX(2):AYPSY(16)mXPSX(2):YPSY(18):3000:1000:Rq7000\q,X(16),Y(2):"REMEMBER"fqX1%98:Y1%0:X2%168:Y2%24:H1%2:S1%1:D1%5:2000bpqWER$(3)"C"YmFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. This is the reverse of what/would happen. Try again."mFDBCK$(2)"Right. Resistance decreases and/current increases as the number of/parallel resistors increases."2mFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. R and I have an inverse/relat,5:"A) RT^ goes up, IT^ (total current)":" goes down.":VSPACE,0m,X(3),Y(11):"B) RT^ goes down, IT^ goes up."m,X(3),Y(13):"C) RT^ and IT^ go up."mQUESTIN2:LNGTH1:STPNO:LEAVEITYES mANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B":ANScircuit has 3 resistors of":"equal value. What would be the effect"tm"of adding two more resistors in":"parallel? Type the letter of your":"choice and press RETURN."~mX1%0:Y1%0:X2%279:Y2%46:H1%3:S1%1:D1%1:2000Hm,X(3),Y(8):VSPACEhas more parallel/resistors than B,/so it has less/resistance and/more current/flow."tiFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Try A."iFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A or B."iAXPSX(2):AYPSY(22)iXPSX(21):YPSY(9):3000:1000:Ejm7000:,X(2),Y(1)4:"A parallel 0:,X(3),Y(15):"-":,X(3),Y(18):"+"i,X(13),Y(18):"5";OMEGA$;" 5";OMEGA$:"3";:7:1:0:222,121:16:176,115:1125,115:"0"iQUESTIN1:LNGTH1:STPNO:LEAVEITYESiANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B"UiFDBCK$(1)"Right. Circuit A/,X(1),Y(16):"B)":3:28,112119,112:28,152119,152:28,11228,128:70,11270,121:119,112119,121:7:29,11229,128:71,11271,121:120,112120,121+i3:28,15228,136:70,15270,140:119,152119,140:7:29,15229,136:71,15271,140:120,152120,144:56,8856,71:91,8891,71:119,88119,71:7:29,8829,64:57,8857,71:92,8892,71:120,88120,71:,X(3),Y(6)4:"- 5";OMEGA$;" 5";OMEGA$;" 5";iOMEGA$:,X(3),Y(10):"+":"3";:7:1:0:222,49:16:162,46:197,46:1125,46:"0"iRETURN."FiX1%0:Y1%0:X2%279:Y2%37:H1%3:S1%1:D1%1:2000:WRITEi3:,X(1),Y(7):"A)":28,40119,40:28,88119,88:28,4028,56:56,4056,52:91,4091,52:119,40119,52:7:29,4029,56:57,4057,52:92,4092,52:120,40120,52i3:28,8828,6e total resis-"ge:"tance is less than the smallest branch"::"resistance in the circuit.":1000:i7000:,X(2),Y(1)4i"Type A if circuit A has the smallest":"total resistance and greatest current":"flow; type B if B does, and press":"1";(125);(123);"0 each allows ";:RESET:" twice ";:BOXIT,3:" as"::"much current flow as the first. This"e:"means that RT^ in the parallel circuit"::"is half of the branch resistance, or"::"5 1";(125);(123);e"0. Notice that thX(1),Y(5)4:"A circuit with a ";:RESET:" single ";:BOXIT,3:" branch of 10 1";(125);(123);"0"e:"has an RT^, or total resistance, of"::"10 1";(125);(123);"0. A parallel circuit with ";:RESET:" two ":BOXIT,3re:"branches of 10 ):"Let's see how this works!":1000:e7000:,X(4),Y(2):"MORE BRANCHES LESS R MORE I":X1%18:Y1%4:X2%260:Y2%20:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000e2:114,11136,11:130,6136,11:136,11130,18:185,11214,11:207,6214,11:214,11207,18ge, flow.":1000a,X(4),Y(16)4:"MORE BRANCHES LESS R MORE I":X1%18:Y1%116:X2%260:Y2%140:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000a2:114,127136,127:130,119136,127:136,127130,135:185,127214,127:207,119214,127:214,127207,135&a,X(1),Y(21ated.":1000:' a7000:,X(1),Y(3) a" The total resistance in a parallel"::"circuit decreases as the number of"::"branches increases. Since I and R are"::"inversely related, decreased resistance": a"results in the increased currentX1%19:Y1%48:X2%243:Y2%96:D1%2:H1%3:S1%1:2000 ],X(1),Y(15)4:" Although this may sound strange,"::"the reason for it is that total"::"resistance and the resistance in the": ^"branches of a parallel circuit are"::"inversely rel ]7000:,X(10),Y(3)3 ]"RULE FOR RESISTANCE"l ]X1%59:Y1%11:X2%199:Y2%28:D1%2:H1%3:S1%1:2000 ],X(5),Y(8):"Total resistance in a parallel":"circuit is LESS than the":"SMALLEST resistance value in":"any branch of the circuit."4 ](9):QU$(34)1 JOMEGA$"1"(125)(123)"0"X NLS$"WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIRCUITS.3"t N*PARALLEL.CIRCUITS.3.1 *N24000 4N25000 >N26000 HN27000 RN28000 \N29000 fNRESPNSE$"R"20010 N13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIRCUITS.3.2":13500U0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:GO4:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)y LJMA3:MF3 QJAN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG VJMOD(A)(A2)A2 tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812 ~JI$| 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:15dF2,DnF1,1,,2,0,LF3,`F1,0,,2,1,,3,0,:JAD(115)((116)4)256::(4)"BLOADSCHEMATIC.SYMBOLS.1,A"AD",D1":ADDR,3,(115)((116)4)256N42000) HN430004 RN44000? \N45000J fN46000U pN47000` zN48000k N49000v N50000 N(RIGHT9)151000:(RIGHT7)152000,53000 NRESPNSE$"R"Ĺ8189,23:13000:FI$"PARALLEL.CIR.2-1":13500 N11000 @*PAGE*20$(CHOICE,0)(9);*bBOXIT,34bREWRITE:,X(5),Y(14)::"Press RETURN to take this lesson":"or press the SPACE bar to choose":"another.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$" "RESPNSE$M$25140Z>bRESPNSE$" "įREWRITE:,X(5stop, or H for":"help with special keys.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$"H"(RESPNSE$"1"RESPNSE$"3")25090 bRESPNSE$EXIT$ıbRESPNSE$"H"ı bCHOICE(RESPNSE$):REWRITE:,X(5),Y(6CHOICE2):RESET:(9)CHOICE". "IWELCOME.PARALLEL.CIR.1"`aI$(3,0)"Parallel Circuits, Part 2":I$(3,1)"WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIR.2"a,35,40:"Press the number of the lesson":"you want to study:"aX13:,X(5),Y(6X2):X". "I$(X,0):bREWRITE:,X(5),Y(15):"Press ESC to ng the":9)"X key to erase the answer":9)"that you typed in.":1000:Za*CHOICE PAGEa7000:CHARMODE,3:,115,18:"MENU":CHARMODE,0aI$(1,0)"Series Circuits":I$(1,1)"WELCOME.SERIES.CIRCUITS"aI$(2,0)"Parallel Circuits, Part 1":I$(2,1)"9)"to the next display."::" 1<-0 Press this key to go back":9)"over a letter that you":9)"typed by mistake."H]:" ESC If you want to stop at":9)"any time, press this key."::" CTRL-X Hold down the key marked":9)"CTRL while pressi:Y1%4:X2%261:Y2%35:H1%2:2000cm,X(3),Y(6):"A) Power source and one current":" path."m:"B) One current path, one component."m:"C) Power source, one current path, and";:" one or more components."mANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B":"current. Therefore, maximum current":"will flow, causing burned wires or":"other damage.":1000:t`m*PAGE8jm7000:,X(2),Y(2)tm"Which choice correctly describes a";::"series circuit? Type its letter and";::"press RETURN."!~mX1%5 between branch currents"rׯ"and total current in a parallel":"circuit? Type its letter and press":"RETURN."ܯX1%7:Y1%6:X2%273:Y2%58:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000#毯,X(3),70:"A) IT^ = I1^ = I2^ = I3^"::"B) IT^ = (I1^ + I2^ + I3^) - 3 FDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A or B."XAXPSX(1):AYPSY(17):XPSX(6):YPSY(17):STPYESu&3000:JUDGEIGNRE44070{0ȯ*PAGE*25ү7000:,X(3),Y(2):"In a three branch parallel circuit,":"which expression correctly describes":"the relation" circuit but does not divide in a":" parallel circuit.",X(3),Y(12):"B) Current divides in a parallel":" circuit but does not divide in a":" series circuit."QUESTIN4:FDBCK$(1)"Sorry. The corect answer is B.":FDBCK$(2)"Right!"꫰7000:,X(3),Y(2):"What is the difference between":"current flow in series and parallel":"circuits? Type its letter and":"press RETURN."X1%7:Y1%6:X2%266:Y2%44:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000=,X(3),Y(8):"A) Current divides in a series":FDBCK$(1)"Yes. Voltage is the same/in all branches.":FDBCK$(2)"No. VA^ = V1^ = V2^ = V3^./Try again.":FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Voltage is the same in all/branches. Try again."RAXPSX(1):AYPSY(20):XPSX(5):YPSY(20)\3000:૲*PAGE*24,130148,138:99,9699,104:99,12299,138:36,12036,1384"3";:7:1:32:242,127:16:1104,97:1139,101:1167,101:0:3141,131:391,131:329,131:"0">,11,120:"VA":,56,120:"V1^=5v":,116,120:"V2":,169,120:"V3"HQUESTIN3:235,96147,96147,104:133,108133,104161,104161,108:133,126133,130161,130161,126:147,130147,138:98,9698,104:98,12298,138:35,12035,1388*7:36,11236,96148,96148,104:134,108134,104162,104162,108:134,126134,130162,130162,126:148SPACE,4:,X(3),15:"What is the value of V3^ in this":"circuit? Type its letter and press":"RETURN.":VSPACE,0: X1%7:Y1%0:X2%266:Y2%37:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000,X(3),Y(8):"A) 5v":"B) one third of VA":"C) V2^ 1#0 2" 3:35,11Since A is -, B is +,/and E is on the same wire as B."tFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Note that A is connected to/the - terminal. What does this tell/you about B, C, D, and E?"~AXPSX(1):AYPSY(14):XPSX(2):YPSY(16)3000:*PAGE*23u7000:V99:"C":,220,99:"D":,255,99:"E":,226,55:"F":,195,76:"R1":,230,76:"R2":,263,76:"R3"`,129,64:"-":,129,80:"+"6jQUESTIN2:FDBCK$(1)"No. E is connected to the same/point as B, which is opposite A./Try Again.":FDBCK$(2)"Yes! -----+M)M)+M)M)+M)M)+M)M)IIIq'%557'?---ۛ$< 878??LIa %$  ; ; * ; ; ; ----- ---  )-  - --mI mII)MII kIII MIIIMIIIMIIIMII mII)mI --II q66+@T'/9T  ) - ) ??;??? -- ) - -) )- ?;? )  ; ; ; ??? ????? ??? ????? ;          rcuit.":RXPS14:RYPS6:15000i,X(3),Y(6):"A simple series circuit has only one":"component in addition to the power":"source.":RXPS14:RYPS10:15000hi,X(3),Y(10):"A short circuit has no components":"that oppose and reduce the flow of.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$" "RESPNSE$M$23020? YN ]*KEY HELP ]7000:,X(4),Y(2):"To help you practice, you will be":"able to use the following keys on":"the computer's 1keyboard0:"y]::" RETURN Press this key to go on":oration, Chicago, ILL."# hV1000:2 Y*ASK HELP Y7000:,35,41:"Some special keys will help"::"you to go through this lesson."::"If you want to see which they"::"are, press the SPACE bar now."9 Y,X(6),Y(14)::"To continue, press RETURN other"5 ,V"electronic devices nor copied, recast,"a 6V"transformed, adapted nor utilized in" @V"any information or retrieval system" JV"in whole or in part without the written" TV"permission of Encyclopaedia Britannica" ^V"Educational CorpR*TITLE-PAGE-PAUSEC lR16368,0:X1500:X1(16384)128:X1ĂS R16368,0:f U*WARNING PAGE UBONO:7000:BOYES:32,0:33,40 V,X(1),Y(7):"WARNING:" V:"ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This work may not" "V"be transmitted by television orX.CIRCUITRT.1 *N(6909)85(6910)170(6911)85İ21000:5120:6909,85:6910,170:6911,85:ADDR,1,64256:ADDR,2,17441:16302,0:22000:23000:RESPNSE$" "24000 4N25000:RESPNSE$EXIT$ī11500 HNRESPNSE$"H"İ24000:20020 \N13000:13500 { 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1B8J*INITIALIZATIONVJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)JMOD(A)(A2)A2:I$(5,1)dKCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812,LLS$"INDEX.CIRCUITRY.1" N*CONTROL*INDE        r C." /yAXPSX(3):AYPSY(19)?/yXPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000:L/}*PAGE30/ }7000:,X(10),Y(4):CHARMODE,3:COL,1:"G R E A T !":COL,3:CHARMODE,00},35,79:"Your score was ";:RIGHT" correct"::"out of 10."::"You have completed this lesson3^? Try again."r.ryFDBCK$(2)"Right. Find applied voltage/and then subtract the sum of/the two known voltages.".|yFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. You need to find the/applied voltage and then/subtract the sum of the known/voltages."/yFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, on":"IT^, RT^, V1^ and V2^ are known?":VSPACE,0R-6y:"A) (RT^ 1$0 IT^)-@y:"B) (RT^ 1$0 IT^) - (V1^ + V2^)"-Jy:"C) (RT^ 1$0 IT^) + (V1^ + V2^)"-TyQUESTIN10.hyFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. This will give you VA^;/how do you get VXPSX(3):AYPSY(21)=,uFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, C, or D."\,uXPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000:i,y*PAGE29t,"y170004-,y,X(4),Y(5):VSPACE,5:"Which statement correctly describes":"the means of finding V3^ in a three-":"component series circuit whe. If voltage were constant,/this would be true. Try again."+uFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Voltage is additive,/not average. Try again."+uFDBCK$(3)"Right. Voltage is additive."+uFDBCK$(4)"Sorry. Ohm's Law would work, but/there is also another way.",uASPACE,03*Nu"A) Do nothing, because it is given."d*Xu:"B) Average V1^, V2^, V3^, and V4^."*bu:"C) Add V1^ + V2^ + V3^ + V4^."*gu:"D) Use Ohm's Law, since there is":" no other way to find VA^."*luQUESTIN9;+uFDBCK$(1)"SorryYPSY(19)))qXPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000:6)0u*PAGE28A):u17000*Du,X(4),Y(5):VSPACE,5:"In a 4-component series circuit in":"which V1^ = 25V, V2^ = 5V, V3^ = 10V,":"V4^ = 5V, RT^ = 201}{0, and IT^ = 2.25A,":"how would you find VA^?":Vod. You don't need to/find IT^ because you already/know it--IT^ = I1^."(qFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. You don't need to do/this unless the value of I1^/is unknown. Try again."(qFDBCK$(3)"Sorry./IT^ = I1^ = I2^ = I3^ = Ix^...etc." )qAXPSX(3):A = 2A, how would you find IT^?":VSPACE,0e'fq,X(4),Y(11):"A) Do nothing, because it is given.'pq:"B) Use an ammeter to measure IT^ as":" it leaves the power source."'zq:"C) Multiply I1^ times 3."'qQUESTIN8M(qFDBCK$(1)"Very goThe voltmeter measures/the voltage of resistor/one (R1^)."V&mAXPSX(3):AYPSY(17)u&mXPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000:&Hq*PAGE27&Rq17000*'\q,X(4),Y(5):VSPACE,5:"In a 3-component series circuit in":"which RT^ = 51}{0, VA^ = 10V, and":"I1^+ V2^ + V3^ + Vx^...etc.//Try again."%mFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. The individual voltages/are not necessarily equal in a/series circuit, so you can't be/sure that each resistor in this/circuit makes up half of the/voltage. Try again.;&mFDBCK$(3)"Right. 152,72:2246,65:16:1139,63:"0"$m,112,80:"R1":,182,120:"R2":,259,72:"-":,259,96:"+":,151,82:"V":,134,68:"<":,134,100:"<"$m3:217,61203,61:,199,65:"<":,224,66:"IT"$mQUESTIN7(%mFDBCK$(1)"Sorry.//VA^ = V1^ 104217,104201,104:182,104133,104133,88:133,64154,64154,72:154,83154,96136,96#m7:134,70134,56253,56253,72:253,80253,104218,104202,104:183,104134,104134,88:134,64155,64155,72:155,83155,96137,96%$m"3";:1:7:0:1177,99:4"iAXPSX(3):AYPSY(17)8"iXPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000:E"`m*PAGE26P"jm17000"tm,X(4),Y(5):"What does the voltmeter measure in":"this diagram?""~m:"A) VA^"::"B) IT^R2"::"C) IT^R1^"W#m3:133,70133,56252,56252,72:252,80252,N6f!iFDBCK$(1)"Right. Since current is/constant, you can measure it/at any point in the circuit."!iFDBCK$(2)"Sorry./IT^ = I1^ = I2^ = I3^ = Ix^...etc./Try again."!iFDBCK$(3)"Sorry./IT^ = I1^ = I2^ = I3^ = Ix^...etc./Try again."4,70134,56253,56253,72:253,80253,104233,104:218,104202,104:183,104134,104134,88 i"3";:1:7:0:1177,99:4222,98:2246,65:16:1139,63:"0" i,114,80:"R1":,182,117:"R2":,259,72:"-":,259,96:"+":,221,107:"A"!iQUESTI:xi*PAGE25i17000bi,X(4),Y(5):"What does the ammeter measure in":"this diagram?"i:"A) IT^"::"B) I2^"::"C) I1^"i3:133,70133,56252,56252,72:252,80252,104232,104:217,104201,104:182,104133,104133,88Z i7:13Sorry. This would mean that/you'd add the individual/voltages and then divide the/sum. Voltage is additive, not/average. Try again."fFDBCK$(3)"Right. Voltage in a series/circuit is additive."0fAXPSX(3):AYPSY(18):fXPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000" average of the individual":" component voltages."e:"C) Applied voltage equals the sum of";:" individual component voltages."eQUESTIN5eFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. Applied voltage is/the same as total voltage./Try again."fFDBCK$(2)" e*PAGE24e17000e,X(4),Y(5):"Which statement correctly explains":"the rule that "(34)"voltage is additive"(34)"?"e:"A) Individual component voltages":" are added to the applied voltage.";e"B) Applied voltage equals the":"C"ibFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. "(34)"Constant"(34)" refers to the/value of current in amps./Try again."~ bFDBCK$(2)"Yes."*bFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Try again.">bFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, or C."HbAXPSX(2):AYPSY(17)RbXPSX(7):YPSAYPS:3000:nal of the power source."ja:"B) Current is the same at all":" points in a given series circuit."a"C) Current is the same for every":" series circuit."bQUESTIN4:LNGTH1:STPNO:LEAVEITNO bANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B":ANSWER$(3), or D."#`^AXPSX(3):AYPSY(20)Bj^XPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000:Oa*PAGE23Za17000a,X(4),Y(5):"Which statement correctly explains":"the rule that "(34)"current is constant"(34)"?"a:"A) Current flows from the positive":" termiurrent is constant, voltage is":" additive, resistance is additive."V^QUESTIN3y.^FDBCK$(1)"Sorry. Try again."B^FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. You've got current and/resistance confused. Try again."L^FDBCK$(3)"Right."V^FDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, CA) Current is constant, voltage is":" minimum, resistance is maximum."]:"B) Current is maximum, voltage is":" maximum, resistance is maximum."^:"C) Current is additive, voltage is":" additive, resistance is constant."H^"D) C than one/current path. Try again.";ZZFDBCK$(3)"Right."`nZFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, or C."{xZAXPSX(3):AYPSY(21)ZXPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000:]*PAGE22]17000],X(4),Y(5):"Which statement describes a series":"circuit?"K]:"2,1162Z"3";:1:7:0:215,53:148,43:2162,77:215,101:158,123:16:1111,47:1139,47:1223,71:1272,71:1139,95:"0"N23000 HN24000 RN25000 \N26000 fN27000 pN28000 zN29000 N30000 N31000 N(RIGHT9)(RIGHT7)13)2561 BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A1$A2$:C$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) LJMA4:MF4:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG VJMOD(A)(A2)A2 tJCLR%80 JG1,1,,2,0,,3,0,& TGQ#9(14.ON.28). ^G4,G hG1,0,,2,0,,3,1,,4,0,\ rG*Q#10(15.ON.29)d |G3,x G1,0,,2,1,,3,0, 8J*INIT :JAD(115)((116)4)256::(4)"BLOAD SCHEMATIC.SYMBOLS.1,A"AD",D1":ADDR,3,(115)((116)4)256 !`m*PAGE17c!jm7000:,X(16),Y(3):"SUMMARY"!tmX1%101:Y1%12:X2%158:Y2%28:H1%2:D1%1:S1%1:2000"~m,X(2),Y(6):"1. A series circuit has one current":" path, at least one component, and:D1%1:2000Ki,X(3),Y(8):"A) RT^ = R1^ + R2^ + R3^ . . . etc."}i:"B) RT^ = R1^ = R2^ = R3^ . . . etc."i:"C) RT^ = R1^ 1$0 R2^ 1$0 R3^ . . . etc."% i,X(2),Y(15):"(Note: RT^ means total resistance; R1^,":"R2,,119,172:"R3":,119,122:"IT".e1000:;xi*PAGE16i7000:,X(3),Y(2):"Which statement correctly represents":"the rule for resistance in a series":"circuit? Type its letter and":"press RETURN." iX1%5:Y1%4:X2%275:Y2%44:H1%2:S1%1134,160:115,16085,16085,148he"3";:7:0:1:278,133:1109,155:1149,155:16:1202,128:"0"e3:98,123112,123:,108,127:">":,63,147:"EA":,177,144:"E1":,203,144:"R1""e,158,152:"E2":,158,172:"R2":,119,152:"E3": is equal"::"to the sum of the resistances of the "::"individual components."e3:84,14084,128196,128196,135:196,153196,160173,160:154,160133,160:114,16084,16084,148e7:85,14085,128197,128197,135:197,153197,160174,160:155,160/component."+>bXPSX(7):YPSAYPS:3000:8e*PAGE15Qe7000:,X(8),Y(3)oe"RESISTANCE IS ADDITIVE"eX1%45:Y1%12:X2%207:Y2%28:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000Qe,X(1),Y(6):" This means that the total"::"resistance in a series circuittc., means individual voltages.)"<aAXPSX(2):AYPSY(18)JbQUESTIN2bFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. Voltage is additive in a/series circuit. Try again."  bFDBCK$(2)"Correct. Applied voltage in a/series circuit is equal to the/sum of the voltages of eacha,X(3),Y(7):"A) VA^ = V1^ = V2^ = V3^ = VX^ . . . etc."}a:"B) VA^ = V1^ + V2^ + V3^ + VX^ . . . etc."a:"C) VA^ = V1^ 1$0 V2^ 1$0 V3^ 1$0 VX^ . . . etc."!a:"(Note: VA^ means applied voltage; V1^,"::"V2^, e9,172:"R3":,119,122:"IT"*^1000:7a*PAGE14a7000:,X(2),Y(2):"Which choice correctly represents the":"rule for voltage in a series circuit?":"Type its letter and press RETURN."aX1%4:Y1%3:X2%269:Y2%36:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000D,160:115,16085,16085,148d]"3";:7:0:1:278,133:1109,155:1149,155:16:1202,128:"0"^3:98,123112,123:,108,127:">":,63,147:"VA":,177,144:"V1":,203,144:"R1"^,158,152:"V2":,158,172:"R2":,119,152:"V3":,11e sum of"::"the individual voltages of each"::"component in the circuit."]3:84,14084,128196,128196,135:196,153196,160173,160:154,160133,160:114,16084,16084,148]7:85,14085,128197,128197,135:197,153197,160174,160:155,160134or C."%nZXPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000:2]*PAGE13K]7000:,X(9),Y(3)f]"VOLTAGE IS ADDITIVE"]X1%52:Y1%12:X2%193:Y2%28:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000],X(1),Y(7)M]" This rule means that the total"::"applied voltage is equal to then point"::"in the circuit.)":(ZAXPSX(3):AYPSY(19)a2ZQUESTIN1:LNGTH1:STPNO:LEAVITNON230002 HN24000= RN25000H \N26000S fN27000^ pN28000i zN29000 }NRESPNSE$"R"İ13000:FILE$"SERIES.CIRCUITS.1":13500 NRESPNSE$"Q"ī20010 N13000:FILE$"SERIES.CIRCUITS.3":13500 R7000:,X(1),Y(20:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) LJMA4:MF3:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG VJMOD(A)(A2)A2 tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812 NLS$"WELCOME.SERIES.CIRCUITS" N*CONTROL.SERIES.CIRC*Q#3(16) F3,$ F1,1,,2,0,,2,0,/ 8J*INITx :JAD(115)((116)4)256::(4)"BLOAD SCHEMATIC.SYMBOLS.1,A"AD",D1" bXPSX(8):YPSAYPS:3000NRb1000:ipbCLRWIND,105,48,123,48zb"3";:3:0:1:1100,43:"0"be*PAGE6e32,0:33,40:34,0:35,4:CLR%e32,0:33,40:34,15:35,24:CLR%e32,0:33,40:34,0: a power/source and a single current/path, it has no components./Try again."*bFDBCK$(2)"Right. A circuit with only/a power source is called a/short circuit. A circuit/with one current path and/one component is called a/simple circuit."4bFDBCK$(NMT a series circuit;":"type N if it is not, and press RETURN. "uaX1%3:Y1%5:X2%274:Y2%28:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000aAXPSX(3):AYPSY(17) bQUESTIN1:LNGTH1:STPN0:LEAVEITYESbANSWER$(1)"Y":ANSWER$(2)"N"L bFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. Though it has,48231,48231,10428,104=8^7:29,48232,48232,10429,104IB^1000:Ua*PAGE5sa*CLEARTEXT,LEAVEGRAPHICSa32,0:33,40:34,0:35,5:CLR%a32,0:33,40:34,15:35,19:CLR%a32,0:33,40:34,0:35,24>a,X(2),Y(2):"Type Y if this is29,10429,77/]"3";:7:0:1:222,62:"0"O],18,64:"-":,18,96:"+"Y]1000m^,X(1),Y(16)^"Next, we have a wire serving as a"^:RESET:" current path ";:BOXIT,3:"."$^,77,52:">":,182,52:">":,126,108:"<".^3:28r source ";:BOXIT,3:". In this"Z],0,18:"case, it's a battery. The short line at"],0,28:"the top shows the negative terminal; the"],0,38:"longer line at the bottom is positive."]3:28,6928,48:28,10428,77 ]7:29,6929,48:0Z,X(1),Y(16):" As in all circuits, the convention"::"for current flow is from negative (-)"::"to positive (+)."::" Let's look at a diagram..."(Z1000:]*PAGE4]7000:,X(1),Y(1)"]"First, we have a ";:RESET:" powecurrent path":RXPS14:RYPS10:15000 Z,21,79:"* has ";:RESET:" one or more ";:BOXIT,3:" components,":,35,90:"which include the power source":,35,100:"and resistive components such":,35,110:"as lamps or buzzers " ZRXPS14:RYPS16:1500ies ":BOXIT,3T Y:"circuit. This type of circuit always:":RXPS14:RYPS6:15000 YX1%15:Y1%33:X2%264:Y2%114:H1%3:S1%1:D1%1:2000$ Y,21,45:"* has a power source":RXPS14:RYPS8:15000:,21,63:"* has a ";:RESET:" single ";:BOXIT,3:" *CONTROL.SERIES.CIRCUITS.1& %N230001 *N24000< 4N25000G >N26000R HN27000] RN28000h WN29000 \NRESPNSE$"R"ī20010 fN13000:FILE$"SERIES.CIRCUITS.2":13500 Y*PAGE3 Y7000:,0,10 Y" Let's start by defining a ";:RESET:" ser0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) LJMA4:MF3:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG VJMOD(A)(A2)A2 tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812 ~JI$(9):QU$(34) NLS$"WELCOME.SERIES.CIRCUITS" NxF3, F1,0,,2,0,,3,1,. 8J*INITIALIZATION :JAD(115)((116)4)256::(4)"BLOAD SCHEMATIC.SYMBOLS.1,A"AD",D1":ADDR,3,(115)((116)4)256 ˓70,12884,128:105,128119,128:168,128182,128:,X(11),Y(17)3:"R1^ R2^ RN^"#H˰1000:oF 2, F 1,1,,2,0,% F Q#4 (9). F 2,? F 1,1,,2,0,P F Q#5 (10)Y F 2,i F 1,1,,2,0,o 8J :JAD(115)((116)4)256::(4)"BLOAD SCHEMATIC.SYMBOLS.1,A"AD",D1":ADDR,3,(115)((116)4)256 cAAAc>pppp $aqc i!@@`@@`@@CC||| t0H>`8DD8! @N23000t HN24000 RN25000 \N26000:RESPNSE$"R"İ13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIR.1-1":13500 fN13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIR.1-3":13500 R*PAGE1(10) R0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) VJMA4:MF4:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG tJMOD(A)(A2)A2 JCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812 JI$(9):QU$(34) JUL$"1&&&&&&&,1)" "RE$(RE$,2):14110N (7RE$""RE(RE$):RL(RE$):NXYES::WRITE:g 27BEEP:BEEP::14010 <7A1$""A1$(A1$,1,(A1$)1):(8); F7 P7A1$""A2$""A$(A2$,1):14070 Z7(A2$)(A1$)A$(A2$,(A1$)1,1):A1$A1$A$:A$;: d7BE(B1$A$)(A$T1$):C2(B2$A$)(A$T2$):C3(A$PR$)(A$NG$)S 6(C1C2C3)ı 6A1$A1$A$:C9(A2$)(A1$):C9A2$A1$(A2$,(A2$)(A1$)) 7C9A2$A1$ 7A$;: 7RE$A1$:" ":L1(RE$)11:(RE$,1)" "RE$(RE$,1,L11): 7(RE$,1 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1:6REWRITEp6,IX,IY:IL1)"";:A1$"":A2$"":JD$"":,IX,IY~616368,06A$:14040:140306TY(Z9):ILĭNXTY5RE$A$:141206TY14100,14130,14140,14160,141906(A1$)IL14180@ 6C1        ,Y(5):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$44020:REWRITE:,X(11),Y(5):" ":WRITE,X(2),Y(7):"Substitute the":"values of the":"resistors."X1%0:Y1%42:X2%137:Y2%82:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:20008,X(30),Y(644:98,144105,144:126,144133,144:182,144189,144@41000:꫰7000:3:,X(1),Y(2):" For example, let's say that a":"parallel circuit of 4 branches has 4 R":"valves of 4";OMEGA$;", 6";OMEGA$;", 8";OMEGA$;", and 12";OMEGA$;"."q,X(11)" of the reciprocals of individual"::"resistors. The equation is:" ,X(5),Y(18):"RT^ = 1 1 1 1":,X(18),Y(16):"1":3:63,132196,132:,X(13),148:"+ + +...+"4*,X(11),Y(19)4:"R1^ R2^ R3^ RN^":70,14477,1arallel circuit, there is a way you"::"can determine RT^.":1000:^7000:,X(1),Y(2) " The equation for total resistance"::"states that the RT^ of parallel"::"resistors equals the reciprocal of the"E:RESET:" sum ";:BOXIT,3:ISTANCE":X1%56:Y1%16:X2%224:Y2%40:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:2000Du,X(1),Y(8)4:" You already know that you can use"::"Ohm's Law to find R when I and V are"::"known. But even if you only know the"::"individual resistor values in a":ENu"pE.PARALLEL.CIRCUITS"0 N*PARALLEL.CIRCUITS.3.2; *N30000F 4N43000Q >N44000d HNRIGHT0:45000 RN46000:RESPNSE$"R"20010 \N50000 fN51000 pN52000 zN13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIRCUITS.3.3":13500=:u7000:,X(10),Y(4):"DETERMINING RES2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG/ VJMOD(A)(A2)A2M tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812c ~JI$(9):QU$(34) JOMEGA$"1"(125)(123)"0" JB1$"0":T1$"9":B2$B1$:T2$T1$:PR$".":CM$",":SP$" ":NG$"-" NLS$"WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIRCUITS" NLS$"WELCOMEP: n7NX9000: dF 1,& nF1,1,. F1,8 F1,1, BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:GO4:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) LJMA4:MF3 QJAN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2" JCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812: JI$(9):QU$(34)U JUL$"1&&&&&&&&&&&0"w NLS$"WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIR.1" N *CONTROL PARALLEL.CIR.1-3 *N21000 4N22000 >N23000 CN24000 HN25000 MN26000 \N(RIGHT3)127000,28000 zNREYE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27) VJMA7:MF5:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG tJMOD(A)(A2)AY(6)Re"It's time to check your progress!":::"To review the lesson, type R."e,X(6),Y(16):"Press RETURN to practice.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$RESPNSE$"R"26025e14000a,X(3),Y(14):"3. Total current equals the sum of":" the branch currents.":RXPS14:RYPS17:14000:,X(3),Y(17):"4. Total resistance is LESS than":" the SMALLEST branch resistance."a1000:e*PAGE6(15)e7000:,X(6),8:Y1%8:X2%162:Y2%32:H1%2:S1%1:D1%2:2000Aa,X(3),Y(8)a"1. A parallel circuit has at least":" two branches.":RXPS14:RYPS11:14000:,X(3),Y(11):"2. Each of the branch voltages":" equals the applied voltage.":RXPS14:RYPS14:stance is constant./Try again.":FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Try again."u^FDBCK$(3)"Right.":FDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, or C."^AXPSX(1):AYPSY(18):XPSX(6):YPSY(18):NXNO:3000^1000:a*PAGE5(14)a7000:,X(16),Y(3)a"SUMMARY".aX1%9resistance."o]:"C. Total effective resistance is":" less than the smallest branch":" resistance."]QUESTIN3:LNGTH1:LEAVITYES]ANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B":ANSWER$(3)"C"=]FDBCK$(1)"Sorry. In a given circuit, total/effective resi? Type its letter":"and press RETURN."_]X1%4:Y1%2:X2%258:Y2%46:H1%2:S1%1:D1%2:2000r],X(3),Y(8) ]"A. Total effective resistance is":" variable in a given circuit."::"B. Total resistance is equal to":" the greatest branch e B if B does, and press"eӺ"RETURN.":X1%0:Y1%0:X2%279:Y2%38:H1%3:S1%1:D1%1:2000:WRITE:3 Ӓ3:,X(1),Y(7):"A)":28,40119,40:28,88119,88:28,4028,56:56,4056,52:91,4091,52:119,40119,52:7:29,4029,56:57,4057,52:92,4092,52:1:"questions. In order to complete the"::"lesson, you need to answer at least 3"&Ϻ:"questions correctly. Let's begin!":1000:Ұ7000:,X(2),Y(1)4:"Type A if circuit A has the smallest":"total resistance and greatest current":"flow; typRN59000\NRIGHT3İ600001fNRIGHT3İ61000KpNRESPNSE$EXIT$11000gzN13000:FILE$LS$:13500ϰ7000:,X(13),Y(5):"PRACTICE SET":X1%77:Y1%24:X2%175:Y2%48:H1%1:S1%1:D1%2:2000Sϯ,X(2),Y(9):" This practice set contains 4":12 ~JI$(9):QU$(34); JOMEGA$"1"(125)(123)"0" JB1$"0":T1$"9":B2$B1$:T2$T1$:PR$".":CM$",":SP$" ":NG$"-" NLS$"WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIRCUITS.3" N*CONTROL.PARALLEL.CIRCUITS.3.3 *N53000 4NRIGHT0:54000 >N55000 HN58000u'll need about 20 minutes to do"::"the whole lesson."D ,V1000:Y(3):" Welcome! This lesson introduces"::"you to some basic circuits, especially"::"the series circuit. When you finish the":"lesson, you should be able to identify a"8 V"series circuit and state the rules that"::"apply to it."::" Yo3:S1%2:H1%1:2000L RX1%29:Y1%8:X2%254:Y2%76:D1%3:S1%2:H1%2:2000v R,57,106:"CONVERGENT SYSTEMS, INC." &R,106,128:"2 ABCDEF ":" HIJKLM ":"OPQRSTUV":"WXYZabcd":" efghij ":" lmnopq0" 0R1000: U*PAGE2 U7000 V,X(1), *N21000 4N22000; >N13000:FILE$"SERIES.CIRCUITS.1"F CN13500V R*TITLEPAGE R7000:,X(7),Y(3):" BASIC ELECTRONICS"::"FUNDAMENTALS OF DC CIRCUITRY":" DISK #1"::" Series Circuits" RX1%28:Y1%7:X2%254:Y2%75:D1%E 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:138JBJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)VJMOD(A)(A2)A2tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812NLS$"WELCOME.SERIES.CIRCUITS" N*CONTROLWELCOME.SERIES.CIRCUITS!"?FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Check your arithmetic/and try again."mFDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Here is the solution:""FDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(2):J1NMTCHINCRRECT:AXPSX(7):AYPSY(10):XPSX(7):YPSY(14):3000,JUDGECRRECTFDBCK$(NMTCH)FDBCK$(3):3000, 5";OMEGA$;","毺"and 4";OMEGA$;"? Press RETURN after your":"answer.":X1%0:Y1%0:X2%270:Y2%49:H1%3:S1%1:D1%1:2000:,X(3),Y(10):"RT^= ";OMEGA$QUESTIN1:LNGTH2:LEAVEITYES:STPYES:ALTYESANSWER$(1)"2"FDBCK$(1)"RightT^ = 1.6";OMEGA$;:,X(14),Y(21):"Note: RT^ is less than the":"minimum branch resistance."lv1000:ү7000:,X(2),Y(1)4ܯ"Now let's try an exercise. What is":"the total resistance of 3 parallel":"resistors with values of 20";OMEGA$;"7):"Convert to a":"decimal number.":X1%0:Y1%122:X2%137:Y2%154:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:2000b,X(29),Y(17):"24":196,138210,138:,X(25),Y(18)4:"1 X 15 = 1.6":X1%137:Y1%122:X2%279:Y2%154:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:2000`l1000:,X(1),Y(22):"Rractions.":X1%0:Y1%82:X2%137:Y2%122:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:2000D,X(30)4,Y(12):"1":196,96224,96:,X(30),Y(13)3:"15":203,107217,107:,X(30),Y(14)6:"24"NX1%137:Y1%82:X2%279:Y2%122:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:2000[X1000:,X(2),Y(1)4:"1":154,54259,54:,X(24),Y(8):"1 + 1 + 1 + 1"161,64168,64:189,64196,64:217,64224,64:245,64259,64:,X(24),Y(9)3:"4 6 8 12"&X1%137:Y1%42:X2%279:Y2%82:H1%3:S1%1:D1%2:200001000?:,X(2),Y(13):"Add the fss RETURN to get started.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$22040I "V voltage in a/parallel circuit is constant in/each branch."^FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. This statement is false./Voltage in each branch of a/parallel circuit is equal to/applied voltage."^FDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type T or F."^AXPSX(1):AYPSY(14):XPSX(6):YPSY1%2:X2%264:Y2%36:H1%2:S1%1:D1%2:2000],X(5),Y(8):"The sum of the branch voltages"::"in a parallel circuit equals"::"the applied voltage."]QUESTIN3:LNGTH1:LEAVEITYES]ANSWER$(1)"F":ANSWER$(2)"T";]FDBCK$(1)"Right. Applied9):XPSX(6):YPSY(19):STPYES:TRIES03Z3000a ZJUDGECRRECTFDBCK$(2)FDBCK$(3):23071m(Z1000:] *PAGE 4 (19)]7000:,X(3),Y(2)]"Type T if this statement is true;":"type F if it is false. Then":"press RETURN.",]X1%2:NSWER$(5)"5":ANSWER$(6)"6":ANSWER$(7)"7"ZFDBCK$(1)"Right. There are three pairs of/branches, plus one on the end.":FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Try again.":FDBCK$(3)"Sorry. Try 7.":FDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type a number from 1 to 7.")ZAXPSX(1):AYPSY(165:318,104:377,104:3133,104:3189,104:3238,104:16:1111,60:1167,60:1223,60Y3:1:48:157,90:1113,90:1169,90:1240,90:"0"ZQUESTIN2:LNGTH1:LEAVEITYES- ZANSWER$(1)"1":ANSWER$(2)"2":ANSWER$(3)"3":ANSWER$(4)"4":A1,85:140,96140,110:175,84175,96217,96217,85:196,96196,110Y174,65174,55218,55218,66:62,8462,97106,97106,85:85,9685,110:118,84118,97162,97162,86:141,96141,110:174,84174,97218,97218,85:197,96197,110YY"3";:3:0:1:218,Y25,7225,47246,47246,65:25,8025,111:246,84246,110:85,4885,56:62,6362,55106,55106,66:141,48141,56:118,65118,55162,55162,67:197,48197,56AY175,65175,56217,56217,66:63,8463,96105,96105,85:84,9684,110:119,84119,96161,9616pe the answer and":"press RETURN."ZYX1%2:Y1%2:X2%270:Y2%36:H1%2:S1%1:D1%2:2000Y3:26,7226,48245,48245,64:26,8026,110:245,88245,104:84,4884,56:63,6563,56105,56105,66:140,48140,56:119,65119,56161,56161,66:196,48196,56on."%1VFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type T or F."]6VAXPSX(1):AYPSY(17):XPSX(6):YPSY(16):STPYESz@V3000:JUDGEIGNRE22080JVJUDGECRRECT1000:Y *PAGE 3 (18)Y7000:,X(2),Y(2)#Y"How many branches does this parallel":"circuit have? Ty(34)"./We will cover this circuit/in a later lesson.".VFDBCK$(2)"Right. This is not a parallel/circuit because one of the/branches contains 2 resistors in/series. We will cover this type/of circuit (called a series-/parallel circuit) in another/less1,99gV"3";:3:0:1:224,53:324,93:3112,93:3233,93:1165,39:48:1114,83:1235,83:"0";VQUESTIN1:LNGTH1:LEAVEITYES"VANSWER$(1)"T":ANSWER$(2)"F"6,VFDBCK$(1)"Sorry, this is another type of/circuit, a "(34)"series-parallel"S1%1:D1%2:20001V,19,52:"-":,19,84:"+"V3:32,6132,44168,44:189,44240,44240,56:119,44119,56:32,6832,99:119,80119,94:240,80240,94V31,6131,43171,43:189,43241,43241,58:120,44120,58:31,6931,99:120,77120,99:241,7724):"Press RETURN to begin.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$21030J0R]U *PAGE 2 (17)vU7000:,X(2),Y(2)V"Type T if this circuit is a parallel":"circuit; type F if it is not. Then":"press RETURN."VX1%2:Y1%2:X2%270:Y2%36:H1%2:SPNSE$EXIT$11000= N13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIR.1-1":13500M R*PAGE1(16)f R7000:,X(4),Y(4) R"This quiz contains 5 questions. To"::"complete this lesson successfully,"::"you need to answer 3 questions"::"correctly."D&R,X(9),Y(1484:CLRWIND,112,88,126,104:CLRWIND,155,144,165,144:CLRWIND,0,152,21,160&3:112,96126,96:"3";:7:1:0:4158,138:"0":,157,147:"A"&,X(6),Y(6):"I3^"::"I2^ + I3^"::"IT^"'QUESTIN8:FDBCK$(1)"Yes. The ammeter measures the/cof the measured/current is flowing through/branch #3. Try again.":FDBCK$(2)"Right!":FDBCK$(3)"No. The ammeter measures the/current through branches 2 and 3./Try again."%ʷAXPS0:AYPS160:XPS28:YPS160%Է3000:%*PAGE*28I&CLRWIND,35,40,84,ECTRONICS"::"FUNDAMENTALS OF DC CIRCUITRY":" DISK #1"::" Parallel Circuits, Part 1" RX1%28:Y1%7:X2%254:Y2%75:D1%3:S1%2:H1%1:2000 RX1%29:Y1%8:X2%254:Y2%76:D1%3:S1%2:H1%2:2000 R,57,106:"CONVERGENT SYST):D$M$(4):EX$(27)1 VJMOD(A)(A2)A2R tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812t NLS$"WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIR.1" N*CONTROL*WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIR.1 *N21000:22000:13000:FI$"PARALLEL.CIR.1-1":13500 Rb R7000:,X(7),Y(3):" BASIC ELZ 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:16:P.R:,X(RX),Y(RY):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$15010:REWRITE:,X(RX),Y(RY):" ":WRITE:8J BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13 ice.";P$zqFROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$RESPNSE$"R"RESPNSE$"Q"29040::  6>$26%29030:ave.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$"R"28040K"mE:"SORRY!":COL,3:CHARMODE,0!~m,X(4),Y(9):"Your score was "RIGHT" correct"::"out of 5.":::"To review the lesson now, type R."!m,X(4),Y(19):"Press ESC to leave.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$RESPNSE$"R"28040!m3ct answers"::"out of 5.":::"You have completed this lesson"::"successfully." i,X(6),Y(22):"Press ESC to leave.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$27040: `m*PAGE8(23) jm7000:32,3:33,37!tm,X(15),Y(4):CHARMODE,3:COL,5(1):AYPSY(17):XPSX(6):YPSY(17):STPYES:TRIES0Qe3000:JUDGEIGNRE26080jeJUDGECRRECT1000:zxi*PAGE7(22)i7000i,X(6),Y(4):CHARMODE,3:COL,1:"YOU MADE IT!":COL,3:CHARMODE,0S i,X(6),Y(10):"Your score was "RIGHT" corres less"::"than the smallest branch"::"resistance."XeQUESTIN5:LNGTH1:LEAVEITYESzeANSWER$(1)"T":ANSWER$(2)"F"eFDBCK$(1)"Right. This statement is true.":FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. This is a true statement.":FDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type T or F."4eAXPSXaFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type T or F."^aAXPSX(1):AYPSY(14):XPSX(6):YPSY(14):STPYES:TRIES0{a3000:JUDGEIGNRE25080bJUDGECRRECT1000:e*PAGE6(21)e170406e,X(6),Y(8):"The effective total resistance"::"in a parallel circuit i"T"}aFDBCK$(1)"Right. The statement is false./Current in a parallel circuit is/equal to the sum of the branch/currents."aFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. The statement is false./Total current in a parallel/circuit is equal to the sum of/the branch currents."Y(14):TRIES0:STPYES4^3000:JUDGEIGNRE24080M^JUDGECRRECT1000:ca *PAGE 5 (20)na17040a,X(6),Y(8):"Current is the same everywhere"::"in a parallel circuit."aQUESTIN4:LNGTH1:LEAVEITYESaANSWER$(1)"F":ANSWER$(2)ARMODE,0/4˯,X(3),Y(8):"Your score was "RIGHT" correct"::"out of 10.":::"You have completed this lesson"::"successfully."/>˯,X(3),Y(18):"Press ESC to stop.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$52030:/ϲ*PAGE*3350ϰ7000:CH correct"::"out of 10.":::"You have completed this lesson"::"successfully.".Vǯ,X(3),Y(18):"Press ESC to stop.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNO:1000:RESPNSE$EXIT$51030:. ˲*PAGE*32/*˰7000:CHARMODE,3:COL,1:,14,32:"GOOD FOR YOU!":COL,3:CH0:FDBCK$(1)"Sorry. Try again.":FDBCK$(2)"No. Try again.":FDBCK$(3)"Right!"r-xAXPS0:AYPS136:XPS28:YPS136~-ð3000:-8Dz*PAGE*31-Bǰ7000:CHARMODE,3:COL,1:,14,32:"EXCELLENT!!":COL,3:CHARMODE,0R.Lǯ,X(3),Y(8):"Your score was "RIGHT"."9,dX1%7:Y1%6:X2%259:Y2%35:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000,nï,X(3),Y(7):"A) Voltage is additive; current is":" constant."::"B) Current is additive; voltage is":" averaged."::"C) Voltage is constant; current is":" additive."O-sQUESTIN1 the branch currents would be/greater than 8. Try again."q+FDBCK$(3)"Right!":AXPS0:AYPS152:XPS28:YPS152}+3000:+Pò*PAGE*30,Zð7000:,X(3),Y(2):"Which set of rules is true of a":"parallel circuit? Type its letter":"and press RETURN9:698,80:6140,80:698,128:6140,128:16:1104,89:1146,89:1188,89:"0";+QUESTIN9:FDBCK$(1)"No. If I2^ = 5, the resulting sum/of the branch currents would be/greater than 8. Try again.":FDBCK$(2)"No. If I2^ = 2, the resulting sum/of82,80182,96:182,114182,12835,12835,104:98,8098,96:98,11498,128:140,80140,96:140,114140,128)7:36,9636,80183,80183,96:183,114183,12836,12836,104:99,8099,96:99,11499,128:141,80141,96:141,114141,128Q*"3";:7:1:0:229,8"B. RT^ decreases."::"C. RT^ is constant."ZQUESTIN2:LNGTH1:STPNO:LEAVEITYESANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B":ANSWER$(3)"C" FDBCK$(1)"Sorry. The relationship between RT^/and the number of parallel resistors/is inverse. Try again."el circuit has 2 resistors.":"If you added a third resistor in":"parallel, what would be the effect on":"RT^? Type the correct letter and":"press RETURN."1X1%0:Y1%0:X2%279:Y2%49:H1%1:S1%1:D1%1:2000:,X(3),Y(8):"A. RT^ increases."::"FDBCK$(1)"Right!"w,FDBCK$(2)"Sorry. RT^/decreases as/the number/of resistors/increases in/a parallel/circuit."6FDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A or B."@AXPSX(2):AYPSY(22)JXPSX(24):YPSY(9):3000:1000:ְ7000:,X(2),Y(1)4:"A parall:71,15271,140:120,152120,140:,X(3),Y(15):"-":,X(3),Y(18):"+" ӯ,X(13),Y(18):"3";OMEGA$;" 3";OMEGA$:"3";:7:1:0:222,121:16:176,115:1125,115:"0"QUESTIN1:LNGTH1:STPNO:LEAVEITYESANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B" time to check your progress!":::"If you want to review the entire"::"lesson, type R.":!l:"To review current only, type C.":::"To review voltage only, type V.":::"To begin the practice set,"G"v,X(4),Y(19):"press RETURN.";:FROMOTHER# 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1=6 *P-RETRUN6,X(RXPS),Y(RYPS):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$14010:REWRITE:,X(RXPS),Y(RYPS):13)" ";:WRITE:>ERASE.PTRC( >((16384)12813)(RZ0)RZ1:REWRITE:                  below, which choice":"is correct for I2^? Type its letter":"and press RETURN."(wX1%7:Y1%6:X2%266:Y2%35:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000(|,X(3),Y(6):"A) 1":"B) 2":"C) 5":,X(1),Y(13):"IT^=8 I1^=5 I2^=? I3^=2"g)3:35,9635,801urrent that flows through the/third and last resistor.":FDBCK$(2)"No. The ammeter does not measure/the current flow through branch/1 or 2. Try again."'AXPS0:AYPS160:XPS28:YPS160'3000:'h*PAGE*29S(r7000:,X(3),Y(2):"In the circuit808$m$imi`%J!8!`ɖ%Jm`ɇ |`ɕ `Ɇ `ɠ`m%mm%8%%m! !` 8     8   m%!!!8! 8!! )8  m$imim$ LɍLɊLɉLI`ɈLH8$K - ,H# ,P,R,Wux {&~) `L%LLiL  $ȱ% $%  ` L *UU*ժ    L Ɍ SI SL$ɕ(ESɍм `Ɉɠ ɍ7)L Li؍ĠӍԍ׍٠̍ō č ԍ̠ҠŠө&cr[H HHHH123./-0 C012/ۭ3hhhh h m-iLm.L`L S ,9 c{  J L1 I1``Q`   mL"` ` & & 8e e ȱȱȱee -.)-#.)-%LL Н],I9` S ,轓 S , 'ؠ'?`f  C  C  C  C`8 I1``Q`888 L17/8DL CL8  C CL C CL`````],@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @H Mh`-)%!H)'Lq'h)I `HHHFf & Chhh`F S ,/* + '  + '- !!!!!"""""""#######$$$$$$$%%%%%%%&&&&&&&''''''' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @      !!((((((((PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP                     $%%%&&&&'''@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ((((((((((((((((((((((((@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @  !!!""""###$$$LCLLLLLLLXLLLLLLLLLLLL,W,P`,Q`,S`,R` ,`@,`,T`,U`L  !!!!"""####$$$%%%%&&&'''' @       40:34,0:35,24:$ PF*QUESTIONDATA1 ZF*Q#1(3)9 dF3,M nF1,0,,2,1,,1,0,Z xF*Q#2(4)b F3,v F1,1,,2,0,,3,0, F*Q#3(5) F3, F1,0,,2,0,,3,1, 8JB BJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:G04:RI 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1<6*P-RETRUN6,X(RX),Y(RY):"Press RETURN.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$14010:REWRITE:,X(RX),Y(RY):12)" ";:WRITE:hB *PAGE SET-UPrB32,0:33,40:34,18:35,24:CLR% |B32,0:33,       SE$EXIT$RESPNSE$"R"34030:"R"34030:>O:1000:RESPNSE$"R"RESPNSE$EXIT$53030:ARMODE,3:COL,5:,56,32:"SORRY!":COL,3:CHARMODE,00ϯ,X(4),Y(9):"You needed 7 correct out"::"of ten, but your score was "RIGHT::"correct.":::"To review this lesson now, type R.".1&ϯ,X(4),Y(19):"Press ESC to stop.";:FROMOTHERYES:NXNH|>p ~>@ `0|>1 $ $@ |>p8?8|> y` `>1|<|vۮLeq1 $ $@ >@ #q0@@ ` 0D( ʦ|>``8|>s8> %,3:AHOV]dkry  P>@@@Tq ‡@@  0@ `0_ ")07>ELSZahov}H$ "H"A"@ >A>`0> ē@c2iO  %GA G$:@c@pPDaPH @pERG$G$qdG$N$Oy‡@ H$H$ HRQH$< @pC>q E@>y8#q>A #q8@p0 qDD$$J'H#y@ qH$8>#>#@q"'@p80" @ "J%"I%H$q#Hȣ<y>@ "H$q":AHOV]dkry @  A@@@AQ!‡@@  "#Leq_ ")07>ELSZahov} %,3     ge (VA^)."m Y:::"Thus for a three branch, parallel"::"circuit:"::" VA^ = V1^ = V2^ = V3" Y,X(6),Y(21):"Press RETURN for an example.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$23030 Z ]*PAGE*4 ]7000:,X(3),Y(2):"Here's 000 zN31000$ N(8189)1820120/ N32000G NRESPNSE$"R"20010r N13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIR.2-2":13500 Y*PAGE*3 Y7000:,X(3),Y(3):"The voltage across each of the"::"branches in a parallel circuit is"::"equal to the applied volta1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG7 VJMOD(A)(A2)A2U tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812k ~JI$(9):QU$(34) NLS$"WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIR.2" N*CONTROL*PARALLEL.CIR.2-1 *N23000 4N24000 >N25000 HN26000 RN27000 \N28000 fN29000 pN30A"AD",D1":ADDR,3,(115)((116)4)256D N13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIRCUITS.3.1" 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:1B8J*INITIALIZATIONBJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:JU0:NR1:LS2:QTNR:LENO:CR1:IN0:IG3:GO4:RI0:WR0:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)LJMA0:MF0 QJAN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NM     150:"+":,99,118:"-":,99,150:"+":,141,118:"-":,141,150:"+"Re1000:_xi*PAGE*7i32,0:33,40:34,0:35,11:CLR%i35,24:,X(3),Y(2):"What will a voltmeter measure across":"each resistor? Type the letter of":"the correct answer,120113,112232,112232,120:113,138113,152232,152232,138e"3";:7:1:0:236,113:16:1118,113:1160,113:1237,113:0:6154,100:6154,164:"0"e,X(24),Y(13):"A":,X(24),Y(21):"B":,X(3),Y(16):"VA"Fe,22,110:"-":,22,etween A and B is":"equal to the applied voltage."e3:42,12042,96154,96154,120:154,138154,16842,16842,128:112,120112,112231,112231,120:112,138112,152231,152231,138=e7:43,12043,96155,96155,120:155,138155,16843,16843,128:113CK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B,/or C."URbAXPSX(1):AYPSY(14):XPSX(26):YPSY(14):STPNOa\b3000:ne*PAGE*63e7000:,X(3),Y(2):"Here's another parallel circuit.":"It has three resistors in parallel":"between points A and B."::"The potential b"D"#bQUESTIN1:LNGTH1:LEAVITNOT bANSWER$(1)"A":ANSWER$(2)"B":ANSWER$(3)"C"~*bFDBCK$(1)"Right. VA^ is/constant."4bFDBCK$(2)"No. There is/a voltage/difference/across the/resistor.">bFDBCK$(3)"No. V is the/same at all/points."HbFDB,132!a148,143148,160127,160b"3";:7:1:0:236,129:16:183,124:1132,124:4104,135:4153,135:0:677,112:677,168:"0" b,X(3),Y(18):"VA":,96,142:"V":,145,142:"V":,70,124:"A":,70,164:"B":,119,124:"C":,119,164:2098,12098,132:98,14398,16077,160:126,120147,120147,132\a147,143147,160126,160a7:43,13643,112127,112127,131:127,149127,16843,16843,144:78,11278,131:78,14978,168:78,12099,12099,132:99,14399,16078,160:127,120148,120148 A and B, or C and D, what":"voltage would you measure?"a,X(3),Y(10):"A) Applied voltage":"B) Zero volts":"C) One half the applied voltage"?a3:42,13642,112126,112126,131:126,149126,16842,16842,144:77,11277,131:77,14977,168:77,1ual in this circuit."!^1000:.a*PAGE*5a7000:,X(3),Y(2):"Type the letter of the correct":"answer and press RETURN."aX1%7:Y1%6:X2%231:Y2%26:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:20009a,X(3),Y(6):"If you connected a voltmeter between":"points6:1139,70:1223,70:434,78:4160,78:4244,78:0:6133,48:6133,128:"0"^,26,85:"V":,152,85:"V":,236,85:"V"^,X(31),Y(2):"The":,X(3),Y(4):"applied voltage is 3.0v.":,X(3),Y(19):"Applied and branch voltages are"::"eq7:50,7950,48218,48218,77:218,95218,12850,12850,87:50,6429,6429,75:29,8629,10450,104:134,64155,64155,75:155,86155,104134,104:134,48134,77:134,95134,128]218,64239,64239,75:239,86239,104218,104P]"3";:7:1:0:243,72:1a parallel circuit." ]3:49,7949,48217,48217,77:217,95217,12849,12849,87:49,6428,6428,75:28,8628,10449,104:133,64154,64154,75:154,86154,104133,104:133,48133,77:133,95133,128 ]217,64238,64238,75:238,86238,104217,104]YES:1000:RESPNSE$"R"RESPNSE$"C"RESPNSE$"V"RESPNSE$M$39030M"lete." V1000:esistance) and will give you a"::"chance to practice this method.":::" This lesson takes about 30"::"minutes to complete." V1000:@=<103,1:104,72:72256,0::(4)"RUN CIRCUITRY.1.MR":,tart over.":16384,02'2UNHOOKv216301,0:32,0:33,40::23:2:"** PREPARING LESSON--PLEASE WAIT. **";2REHOOK:,0,8:44135504D$"BLOAD ID.CIRCUITRY.1,D1"4D$"MAXFILES1"4103,35:104,884D$"RUN "FI$",D1"4,0:33,40:34,0:35,24:CLR%r.,35,39:"ERROR TYPE = ";(222):"LINE NO. = ";(218)(219)256:,X(6),Y(10)/(9)31)(0):" Please report this to your ":" instructor. ":31)(9):,X(6),Y(16):" Press CTRL-RESET to s0*T+7000:,X(10),Y(9):"Going to the menu."::"Please wait one moment."w +FI$"INDEX.CIRCUITRY.1":13500,*BYE NOW,7000:,X(9),Y(10):"BYE NOW --"::" come back soon!":16368,0:16384,0..(222)255Č64166.32OR 4.":#20:23:A$:A$"1"A$"4"A$"C"A$"Q"9130#16300,0:16297,0:16302,0:16304,0:SWD%,EW:REHOOK:32,0:33,40:34,0:35,24:A$"1"ı#A$"2"İ13000:FI$LS$:13500#A$"3"11000#A$"C"8000:A$"Q"į,0,Y(24):#1150" YOU ENDED THE LESSON IN THE":"MIDDLE."::" DO YOU WANT TO:"::5)"1. GO BACK TO WHERE":9)"YOU LEFT OFF?"#:5)"2. START THIS LESSON":9)"FROM THE BEGINNING?"::5)"3. GO TO THE MENU?"::5)"4. STOP THIS LESSON?"#:" TYPE 1, 2, 3, 4,0:35,24:CLR%4l:16302,0:LMARGIN,0:WRITE::@MA(3199)17ıXJ46595TZS%(46606)80:PA%PA%1:ZC%1:(ZS%PA%4)(ZS%PA%2)ZC%0:PA%0^49066,ZC%:49060h(#-#EW(SWD%)p2#SWD%,8:UNHOOK:::32,5:33,30:5:1:,X1%,Y1%,X2%,Y2%TWRITE:#6QUQIĮ:QI0QIQI1:L1QIQU:FD(0,0),FD(0,2):L21FD(0,0):FD(L2,0),FD(L2,1),FD(L2,2):::QIQU:pz3(UL0):UX,UY1UX(UL)((775)(804))1,UY1:3:XbHP%,32:SWD%,72:32,0:33,40:3)OC$(OU$,1):OC$"*"FEFE1:40203OC$;X1%(777)(778)2563:Y1%(779)Y(1)3:X2%(780)(781)256X(2)3:Y2%(782)(776)3:D1%1:S1%1:H1%(JUCR)41:2000J(LE)JUCRİ1000:X1%X1%1:X2%X2%2:Y1%Y1%1:Y2%Y2%1:CLRWINDGTRTR15 (TR1JUIGJUG0)RIRIJU:WRWRJUR STP(JUIGJUIN)3030m ,AX,AY:" ":WRITE:sFE0ıRESET:,XP,YPOU$FD$(FE):LO(OU$)1:OU$""JUG0:L11LO:OC$(OU$,L1,1):OC$"/"ĺOC$;:L1LOĺM$;:RE$))(IL0));:L11FD(0,0):RE$AN$(L1)Ăf (L1FD(0,0))ALTāL11FD(0,0):(RE$)(AN$(L1))Ă  L1FD(0,0)JUFD(L1,1):FOYE:FEFD(L1,2(FD(0,2)TR)):QTLSFD(L1,0)DN:FD(L1,2)DN:FD(L1,1)IG b FOFENM(LN0):JUFD(J1,1) l 4000:JUI,Y2%X1%,Y2%X1%,Y1%:X1%X1%S1%:Y1%Y1%S1%:X2%X2%S1%:Y2%Y2%S1%::N p REWRITE:TRTRST:QU05000 Z(0):FONO:,AX,AY:"1?0";:SWD%,684SH:ILLN:IXAXX(3ZX%):IYAY:UXIX:UYIY:ULLN:6000, ALT110,14000:,IX,IY:RE$(IL(69)256:IY(770)Y(1)1:IL0:104 RE$"C"8000K FRFRNO:WRITE: $RE$M$įREWRITE:,X(7),Y(24):27);:WRITE: 81000 H H1%:X1%(X1%(MOD(X1%)MOD(H1%))):X2%(X2%(MOD(X2%)MOD(H1%))):L11D1%S1%:X1%,Y1%X2%,Y1%X2%A1$(A1$,1,(A1$)1):(8);" F A1$""A2$""A$(A2$,1):80 (A2$)(A1$)A$(A2$,(A1$)1,1):A1$A1$A$:A$;: BEEP: NX9000:  REWRITE FRĹSWD%,72:,X(8),Y(24):"Press RETURN to continue.";" IX(768)(7(A2$)(A1$):C9A2$A1$(A2$,(A2$)(A1$))? dC9A2$A1$J nA$;: xRE$A1$:" ":L1(RE$)11:(RE$,1)" "RE$(RE$,1,L11): }(RE$,1,1)" "RE$(RE$,2):125 RE$""RL(RE$):NXYES::WRITE: BEEP:BEEP::20 A1$""  12000-X(A)7(A1):Y(A)8A1819000> KREWRITExA1$"":A2$"":,IX,IY:IL1);:,IX,IY#16368,0(A$:50:402TY(Z9):ILĭNXTY5RE$A$:130<TY120,140,150,170,200F(A1$)IL190. PA1$A1$A$:C9                   !!! ! ! ! !   ue.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$"R"RESPNSE$M$32030A&(}2M$32030U&(}}*PAGE*12% }7000:,X(4),Y(3):"The next part of this lesson is"::"about current in a parallel circuit.":::"If you want to review the last"::"section, voltage in a parallel":%}"circuit, type R.;&},X(4),Y(16):"Press RETURN to contin":ANSWER$(3)"C"mQUESTIN2bmFDBCK$(1)"Sorry. This describes a short/circuit. Try again."mFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. We need a power source./Try again."mFDBCK$(3)"Right."mFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type A, B, or C."m3000:1000:Hq*PAGE9(REVIEW),Y(16):"VA"i$Uy,X(4),Y(13):"-":,X(15),Y(15):"-":,X(21),Y(15):"-":,X(35),Y(15):"-"$Vy,X(21),Y(13):"-":,X(4),Y(20):"+":,X(15),Y(19):"+":,X(21),Y(19):"+":,X(35),Y(19):"+"$^y,X(21),Y(21):"+":1000: %,120:155,138155,16843,16843,128:113,120113,112232,112232,120:113,138113,152232,152232,138#@y"3";:7:1:0:236,113:16:1118,113:1160,113:1237,113:0:6154,100:6154,164:"0"$Jy,X(24),Y(13):"A":,X(24),Y(21):"B":,X(3)"at the ends of the resistors is also"::"the same as the polarity between A"::"and B."",y3:42,12042,96154,96154,120:154,138154,16842,16842,128:112,120112,112231,112231,120:112,138112,152231,152231,138e#6y7:43,12043,96155,96155 between each pair of/points must also be the same."U!uFDBCK$(NMTCH)"Type S or D."!uAXPSX(1):AYPSY(18):XPSX(5):YPS120:STPYES!u3000:JUDGEIGNRE30130!u!y*PAGE*11[""y7000:,X(2),Y(2):"In this parallel circuit the polarity"::wire is connected." uFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Since all points on a wire/have the same potential as the/point to which the wire is/connected, A, C, and E are at one/potential, and B, D, and F have/different potential. Therefore,/*"4!uFDBCK$(3)"the voltage(7),Y(8):"A C E":,X(6),Y(13):"B":,X(13),Y(13):"D":,X(21),Y(13):"F":,X(3),Y(11):"VA"vuQUESTIN3:ANSWER$(1)"S":ANSWER$(2)"D" uFDBCK$(1)"Right. All points on a wire have/the same potential as the point to/which the ,8042,64147,64147,76:147,94147,10442,10442,88:91,6491,76:91,9491,104Xu7:43,8043,64148,64148,76:148,94148,10443,10443,88:92,6492,76:92,9492,104bu"3";:7:1:0:236,73:691,64:691,104:16:197,69:1153,69:"0"ulu,XType S if the potential difference":"between C and D and between E and F is":"the same as the potential difference"Du"between A and B; type D if it's":"different. Then press RETURN."IuX1%5:Y1%6:X2%275:Y2%50:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000ONu3:42Hq*PAGE*91Rq32,0:33,40:34,0:35,8:CLR%\q35,24:,X(2),Y(2):"Each point on the wire connected to":"the + terminal is +. Each point on":"the wire connected to the - terminal":"is -."fq1000:0u*PAGE*10u:u7000:,X(2),Y(2):"$tm"3";:7:2:32:270,143:"0"t~m3:55,11455,96:55,12855,144:56,11456,96175,96:56,12856,144175,144m7:57,11457,96176,96:57,12857,144176,144m,X(9),Y(12):"+++++++++++++++++":,X(9),Y(19):"-----------------"m1000:1^ = V2^ = V3":iAXPS0:AYPS82:XPS149:YPS50:3000:G`m*PAGE*8jm7000:,X(2),Y(2):"What about the polarity of the voltage"::"in each branch of a parallel circuit?"::"Here's a battery with wires connected"::"to the + and - terminals." and press RETURN."JiX1%7:Y1%6:X2%273:Y2%34:H1%2:S1%1:D1%1:2000iVSPACE,4:,14,50:"A) Three times VA^":"B) Applied voltage":"C) One third of VA":VSPACE,0iQUESTIN2:FDBCK$(1)"No./VA^ = V1^ = V2^ = V3":FDBCK$(2)"Yes./VA^ = V136,1080:2114,88:2114,72:16:2112,108:2128,108:3114,96:0:2114,80:16:1103,103:0:2114,88:16:195,103:2112,108:3114,96:187,1031103,103:179,103:195,103:171,103:187,103:163,103:179,103:155,103:171,10372195,93:2195,85:16:3195,101:0:2195,93:16:2184,108:3195,101:2176,108:2184,108:2168,108:2176,108:2160,108:2168,1080:2114,80:2114,64:16:2152,108:2160,108:2144,108:2152,108:2136,108:2144,108:2128,108:214,56:3107,37{v16:2179,34:2171,34:2187,34:2179,34:0:3188,34:16:2187,34:0:2195,45:3188,34:2114,642114,48:2195,53:2195,45:2195,61:2195,53:2195,69:2195,61:2114,72:2114,56:2195,77:2195,69:2195,85:2195,7:198,34:182,34:1106,34b190,34:0:3107,37:16:2114,34:198,34:1106,34:2122,34:2114,34:2130,34:2122,34:2138,34l2130,34:0:2114,48:16:2146,34:2138,34:2154,34:2146,34:2163,34:2154,34:2171,34:2163,34:0:21  ":Y:,14,76:"IT^":WRITE*?"4";DDRX(16384):3:1:0N121,56:121,48:433,34:121,56:16:141,34:0:121,48:16:149,34:0:433,34:16:157,34:141,34X165,34:149,34:173,34:157,34:182,34:165,34:190,34:173,3419,72:"I1^":Y401048:,196,Y:"I2^":,196,Y:"  ":Y:,119,72:"  ":,119,80:"I1^":X1961198:,X,105:"I2^":,X,104:"  ":X,119,80:"  ":X119148:,X,105:"IT^":,X,105:"  ":X:Y105768:,14,Y:"IT^":,14,Y:"nd back to the power supply.":VSPACE,0<17000:16368,0REWRITE:Y76408:,14,Y:"IT^":,14,Y:"  ":Y:X141198:,X,40:"IT^":,X,40:"  ":X:,119,64:"I1^":X1191968:,X,40:"I2^":,X,40:"  ":X,119,64:"  ":,136,76:109,48109,63:109,81109,96_"3";:7:1:0:229,61:16:1114,56:1192,56:"0"ꈯ,14,76:"IT":,91,76:"R1":,168,76:"R2"'VSPACE,4:,X(3),Y(16):"IT^ flows from the power supply,":"through the two circuit branches,":"aAGE*15nˆ7000:,X(1),12:VSPACE,4:"Let's see why I1^ + I2^ = IT^ in a":"parallel circuit.":VSPACE,0̈3:35,6835,48186,48186,63:186,81186,9635,9635,76:108,48108,63:108,81108,96$ֈ7:36,6836,48187,48187,63:187,81187,9636,96flow in the circuit.":VSPACE,0:RXPS14:RYPS10:15000:,X(2),Y(11):VSPACE,4:"Always remember that parallel circuits"脺"divide the current among several paths,";:"while a series circuit has a single":"current path."VSPACE,0:1000:*Pranches.":VSPACE,0:1000:)Є*PAGE*14ڄ7000:,X(2),Y(2):VSPACE,4:"Recall that in a ";:VSPACE,0:RESET:" series ";:BOXIT,3:VSPACE,4:" circuit, the":"current flow through any individual":"component is the same as the total"z䄺"current ,0:RXPS14:RYPS12:15000:,X(8),Y(13)"IT^ = I1^ + I2^ + I3^ ...":RXPS14:RYPS17:15000:,X(2),Y(17):VSPACE,4:"In this equation, IT^ is the total":"current in the circuit. I1^, I2^, ...":"are the currents in the individual""b0:,X(2),Y(2):VSPACE,4:"The total current in a parallel":"circuit is equal to the sum of the":"current flow in each of the branches":"of the circuit. This fact is reflected":"in the equation for total current in")"a parallel circuit:":VSPACERq7000:,X(6),Y(5):" To review this part"::"of the lesson before studying"::"the rules of a series circuit,"::"type R."fq,X(6),Y(15):" Press RETURN to continue"::"the lesson.";:FROMOTHERYES:1000:RESPNSE$M$RESPNSE$"R"0 RN37000 \N38000+ fN8189,23:39000d pNRESPNSE$"R"İ13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIR.2-1":13500| zNRESPNSE$"C"20010 NRESPNSE$"V"Ĺ8189,18:13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIR.2-1":13500 N13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIR.2-3":13500 耲*PAGE*13 7002):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IGK VJMOD(A)(A2)A2i tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812 ~JI$(9):QU$(34) NLS$"WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIR.2" N*CONTROL*PARALLEL.CIR.2-2 %N(8189)1820070 *N33000 4N34000 >N35000 HN3600:M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)p LJMA3:MF3:AN$(MA):FD$(MF2):FD(MA2,2):NMMF1:DNMF2:J1MA1:FD(J1,1)IG VJMOD(A)(A2)A2 tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812 ~JI$(9):QU$(34) NLS$"WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIR.2" N*CONTROL*PARALLEL.CIR.2-3 8J*INITIALIZATIONy :JAD(115)((116)4)256::(4)"BLOAD SCHEMATIC.SYMBOLS.1,A"AD",D1":ADDR,3,(115)((116)4)256 N13000:FILE$"PARALLEL.CIR.2-1":13500h R*PAGE.1 R7000:,X(7),Y(3):" BASIC ELECTRONICS"::"FUNDAMENTALS OF DC CIRCUITRY":" DISK #1"::" Parallel Circuits, Part 2"3 RX1%28 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:138JBJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)VJMOD(A)(A2)A2tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812NLS$"WELCOME.PARALLEL.CIR.2" N*CONTROL*WELCOME.P"""" circuit."#m1000:'#Hq*PAGE18Z#Rq7000:,X(6),Y(4):"It's time to practice!"#\q::"To review the lesson first,"::"type R."#fq::"To review only the rules of"::"a series circuit, type Q."$pq,X(6),Y(16):"Press RETURN to pract  %2K--5??7--5??7--5??7--5??7->7->7->7->7--???.---?w-?.5?.5?.5??--5???---->????-----??--??--5??7--5??7--5" etc., means individual resistance.)": iAXPS14:AYPS150H iQUESTIN3 iFDBCK$(1)"Right. Resistance is additive,/which means that total resistance/equals the sum of the resistances/in each of the components."!iFDBCK$(2)"Sorry. Resistance is add(1),Y(16):" As in all circuits, current flow"::"is from negative (-) to positive (+).":::" Let's look at a diagram . . ."(Z1000:&Y(8):". has a power source"::". has a ";:RESET:" single ";:BOXIT,3:" current path": Z". has ";:RESET:" two or more ";:BOXIT,3:" components":" (such as a lamp or buzzer)." ZX1%42:Y1%50:X2%259:Y2%109:D1%1:S1%1:H1%3:2000Z,Xt and state the rules that apply":"to it.":VSPACE,0:1000 V,X(1),Y(17):VSPACE,2:" You'll need about 20 minutes to do":"the whole lesson.":VSPACE,0 ,V1000::"the whole lesson." ,V1000:,:ocuit always"[ Y,X(8),),Y(3):VSPACE,2:" Welcome! This lesson introduces":"you to some basic circuits, especially":"the series circuit.":VSPACE,0:1000; V,X(1),Y(9):VSPACE,2:" When you finish the lesson, you":"should be able to identify a series":"circui1%3:S1%2:H1%1:2000N RX1%29:Y1%8:X2%254:Y2%76:D1%3:S1%2:H1%2:2000x R,57,106:"CONVERGENT SYSTEMS, INC." &R,106,128:"2 ABCDEF ":" HIJKLM ":"OPQRSTUV":"WXYZabcd":" efghij ":" lmnopq0" 0R1000: U*PAGE2 U7000 V,X(1TS *N21000 4N22000= >N13000:FILE$"SERIES.CIRCUITS.1"H CN13500X R*TITLEPAGE R7000:,X(7),Y(3):" BASIC ELECTRONICS"::"FUNDAMENTALS OF DC CIRCUITRY":" DISK #1"::" Series Circuits" RX1%28:Y1%7:X2%254:Y2%75:D 612000-6103,1:104,72:16302,0:138JBJZ9815:YE1:NO0:BOYE:A$"":A1$A2$:G$(7):M$(13):D$M$(4):EX$(27)VJMOD(A)(A2)A2tJCLR%809:SWD%803:HP%812NLS$"WELCOME.SERIES.CIRCUITS" N *CONTROL-WELCOME.SERIES.CIRCUI"" " " " " "