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''GAME.A1 ""V 'GAME.A2 "#V 'GAME.A3M"$V 'GAME.A4"%V 'GAME.B1"&V 'GAME.B2"'V 'GAME.B3$"'V 'GAME.B4(1"(V 'GAME.C1-")V 'GAME.C21t")V 'GAME.C35"*V 'GAME.C4:"+V The~ average~ summer temperature is very low. medium highest lowest coldest I thought the sunset was~ beautiful~. lovely ugly strange boring Cindy~ begged~ her parents to give her a horse. asked promised wanted bribed The ocean forms the western~ border~ of the country. edge part length width "You make the toast," she~ commanded~. ordered arranged questioned replied The bird used its body as a~ cushion~ when it slept. pillow chair bed blanket Nancy thought she would~ definitely~ win the contest. surely neve r possibly probably Penny heard the marching band in the~ distance~. background tent street parade Many boats are~ docked~ together. tied shortened raced sailed It was a~ foolish~ waste of money. stupid expensive sad funny The wet sand can be used to~ form~ towers. make wreck drip destroy The fish was~ grilled~ over a campfire. cooked burned cleaned eaten The mail is carried in a~ pouch~. bag raft bundle package The bird has~ silky~ feathers. smooth thick colorful bumpy Wear snowshoes so you do not~ sink~ into the snow. go down lift fade trip Greg rode the ski lift to the top of the~ slope~. hill building lodge stairs A~ student~ from Spain visited my family. pupil animal person family The fish swam through the~ thick~ forest of kelp. crowded narrow deep wide The rabbit was gentle and~ timid~. shy soft fluffy brave I asked her if she wanted to~ trade~ lunches with me. swap give sell borrow All summer we enjoyed watching the~ birth~ of the house. creation end beginning closing Dolphins are very~ bright~. smart lazy shiny active The smoke stains had to be~ concealed~. hidden cleaned displayed seen Much~ cooperation~ is needed for the job. teamwork selfishness kindness ability We~ decided~ to fix up our room. agreed tried hesitated refused My brother had a~ frightened~ look on his face. alarmed happy awful confident If a toad eats fireflies, his stomach will~ glow~. shine burn blaze tremble The sand~ irritates~ the oyster's soft body. rubs soothes confuses polishes Ben Hogan won the~ major~ golf tournament. important military worthless secondary The musician played all kinds of~ melodies~. tunes tricks instruments games Skunks spray their enemies with a bad~ odor~. smell poison dye taste The chimp was a~ passenger~ aboard the rocket. rider driver captain pilot My friend was supposed to~ present~ the award. give carry sell gift The bullfrog leaped up at its~ prey~. victim snake animal throat The ghosts~ roamed~ around on Halloween. wandered raced walked galloped The puppy~ scampered~ across the street. ran walked crept crawled Teresa's grandfather lived in a~ skyscraper~. high-rise house room apartment How do football players~ spend~ the hot summer months? pass waste cool play The bulky packages were~ troublesome~ to carry. difficult simple heavy possible A penguin's wings are not~ useless~. worthless functioning valuable helpful Crops are~ affected~ by pollution and weather changes. influenced destroyed unmoved unchanged Fishermen try not to~ alarm~ the fish. frighten wake call annoy The bicycles are all in working~ condition~. states provision limits health The boll weevils~ destroyed~ the crops. killed enhanced strengthened withered Pigs were used to~ entertain~ the king of France. amuse flatter pursue irritate In the 1920's, swallowing goldfish was a~ fad~. craze custom fantasy law He lived a lonely,~ hopeless~ life. sad favorable angry satisfactory Mt. Rushmore is a~ memorial~ in South Dakota. monument scene park painting Rhinos are hunted for their~ precious~ horns. valuable adorable adaptable useful The first crossword puzzles were~ published~ in 1924. printed edited solved finished After some~ revisions~, the story was more interesting. changes ideas suggestions frustrations A baby kangaroo is~ secure~ in its mother's pouch. safe hidden anxious comfortable He was not~ serious~ about letting the batboy play. sincere solemn teasing understanding Is the~ surface~ of the moon covered with water? exterior inside crater skin Thread was made from the~ tendons~ of the buffalo. sinews skin bones hair The rocket pack~ thrust~ him into the air. pushed urged encouraged pulled The athletes were awarded the~ traditional~ gold medal. customary useful legendary valuable The man who couldn't hear was treated~ unjustly~. unfairly courteously silently unfaithfully She~ volunteered~ to take a picture of me. offered wanted refused pleaded Have you~ wondered~ how dogs become stars? questioned determined discovered doubted The yo-yo can be used to do many~ astonishing~ tricks. amazing simple complicated popular The Great Barrier Reef has always~ attracted~ tourists. fascinated repelled disgusted scared The money was~ bequeathed~ by James Smithson. willed raised collected presented He told his friends about the~ blunder~. mistake story result escapade After Rome~ conquered~ Greece, the Olympics changed. defeated joined crushed embarrassed The patients were exposed to~ contagious~ diseases. infectious dangerous poisonous rare The diver can~ descend~ 2,000 feet in the special suit. plunge climb rise float Can a bloodhound~ detect~ scent from clothing? identify dislike remember choose The pilot dealt with the in-flight~ emergency~. crisis situation problem question The lungfish can~ endure~ out of water for a year. survive excel rot improve People offered lodging to the~ exhausted~ travelers. weary refreshed excited bored Scientists were able to~ foretell~ the volcanic eruption. predict control encourage terminate The eggshell~ fragments~ are used to solve mysteries. pieces threads colors collections We try to stop people from~ illegally~ copying money. unlawfully regularly rightfully easily The painter tried to~ imitate~ the wonders of nature. copy paint enrich describe They were very~ impressed~ by his drawings. awed flattered confused thrilled The Adams family~ influenced~ American history. affected informed founded misled The government has~ recently~ protected forest areas. lately once formerly previously Computers that~ recognize~ speech do exist. distinguish accept record imitate They tried to change the Dobermans' bad~ reputation~. image ability obedience costumes Some volcanoes are still~ active~. working quiet lazy moving The audience~ applauded~ loudly. clapped yelled screamed booed Instead of bathing, he splashed~ cologne~ on himself. perfume soap cleanser water At the end of the~ concert~, the fireworks began. music play movie dance Some of the bones are tiny and~ delicate~. fragile broken strong heavy Then people start~ designing~ a statue for the next year. planning carving building showing The roads and trails are~ hidden~ beneath deep snow. covered changed spread protected Mother said it would be~ impolite~ not to go to the party. rude kind better selfish If you had some~ lessons~, you could learn origami. training ability help patience Each~ nation~ in the world has a special flag. country planet state city She walked by without~ noticing~ me. seeing hearing mentioning warning Jane's father had a big~ package~ in his hands. box book suitcase cake The teddy bear has been a~ popular~ toy for a long time. favorite ordinary common disliked The left side of the brain is usually more~ powerful~. forceful useless certain active Dana's soccer team was selling candy to~ raise~ money. earn lift spend find Donna and Doug quickly~ reduced~ their price. lowered raised announced increased The fireman~ rescued~ the cat. saved adopted held petted Houses are built for~ shelter~. protection families money animals Subways are~ usually~ found in big cities. often rarely sometimes never The force of gravity is~ weaker~ on the moon. less stronger sturdier sicker In~ ancient~ times, the game was different. early recent traditional modern A cheetah was~ clocked~ running 71 miles an hour. timed watched seen caught We can be~ confident~ that the message was heard. sure pleased annoyed uncertain As the fire died down, we saw the glowing~ embers~. ashes logs fireplace barbecue Hiking is a~ favorite~ activity for campers. popular safe difficult common At the~ following~ Olympics, the gymnast won six medals. next previous upcoming famous Cardinals are~ gifted~ songbirds. !" talented rare joyful bothersome For Scott, going to the movies was a~ habit~. custom event choice experience The model helped people~ imagine~ how dinosaurs looked. guess report determine know Only one plane is needed to skytype a~ message~. sign warning picture story Roger heard a~ moaning~ noise. groaning whispering loud frightening You can actually~ order~ a water bed for your pet. buy take rent borrow He felt~ positive~ that it would snow this year. certain glad hopeful doubtful Mr. Ford made it~ possible~ for many people to own cars. likely difficult hard unlikely Maura knew the~ right~ thing to do. correct real easy lawful A ride on the old bicycle was very~ rough~. bumpy noisy loud rowdy Camels can~ survive~ for many days without water. live drink walk succeed There were jars of~ various~ colors on the shelf. different bright similar unusual People in the hospital are cheered up by their~ visitors~. guests patients doctors hosts There was a~ winding~ path through the park. twisting long hidden straight Thunder is produced when the air is~ abruptly~ heated. suddenly slowly successfully gradually The name~ accurately~ describes the city. correctly falsely partially somewhat The horse was bought at an~ auction~. sale discount bargain market The seals were~ captured~ by the bears. caught arrested kidnapped imprisoned Sea horses~ cling~ to seaweed. clasp travel swim float The team was~ concerned~ when the mascot disappeared. worried certain warned delighted He~ confesses~ that he once trapped wolves. admits ex#%&plains boasts denies The machine is~ controlled~ by computers. directed tested built constructed The tiny stereos are very~ convenient~. handy lightweight near technical We see pictures of~ familiar~ things in the clouds. everyday exotic mysterious round Reindeer are very~ hardy~ creatures. tough stubborn passive fragile Dogs are~ loyal~ to their owners. faithful dishonest kind friendly Seedlings become trees and the~ process~ begins again. cycle growth sprouting planting Bamboo is used as a~ source~ of food. supply result cause effect Roller skiing is~ superb~ exercise. excellent easy difficult ineffective The pigs were~ transported~ to the island. brought sold given loaned The sugar was~ treated~ with chemicals. processed healed measured mixed Cinnamon was once rare and~ valuable~. expensive cheap tasty scarce The belt produces a~ vibration~ across the stomach. quivering sound pat scar The fruit hangs from short,~ wiry~ stems. strong curly small tangled They have few problems with drug~ abuse~. misuse respect care damage The caves are very~ confined~. narrow spacious distant unlit She decided to be~ courageous~ and investigate the area. brave fearful timid cool Coral polyps~ create~ their own skeletons. produce imagine destroy recover Lt. Pike was sent to~ define~ the western boundary. determine fence surround change Rockwell is known for his~ depiction~ of everyday life. portrayal dislike stories distortion Did you hear of the~ devastation~ done by the hu')*+rricane? damage remedy expenses upset The suit of armor was~ elaborate~. complex plain common unpolished Bones help scientists~ estimate~ the dinosaur's size. judge create describe measure The icebergs will~ eventually~ melt. finally occasionally sometimes always How can you~ experience~ the wonder of underwater life? feel photograph create show Many New Zealand~ expressions~ are different from ours. sayings smiles recipes traditions Edison invented a~ gadget~ to send the signal for him. contraption switch robot appliance The plastic food looks~ genuine~. real accurate sincere solid Canning was an~ improved~ method of food preservation. better simple modern repaired Some people feel that cabooses are~ obsolete~. out-of-date useful extra plentiful The pieces of rock are the~ remains~ of a moon of Saturn. remnants bodies haloes signs Diamonds are~ symbols~ of wealth. signs samples examples pictures There are many charming Christmas~ traditions~. customs myths religions cultures The first~ version~ of the story was in French. account revision chapter episode The Browns hoped to~ alert~ people to be careful. warn show cause convince His father called to him, but Jerry wouldn't~ budge~. move listen agree change The Thanksgiving~ custom~ started with the Pilgrims. tradition rule duty method He was trying to~ decide~ what to do. plan remember discover see The box would look better with some~ decorations~. trimmings colors paints papers It has big~ droopy~ green leaves on top. floppy fat stiff bright I thought of a way we could become~ famous~. well-known strong po,./pular smart Cathy felt very~ fortunate~ to have found the money. lucky clever smart guilty Carmen~ locked~ her suitcase with the little gold key. fastened opened loosened tightened Our teacher said we could~ mold~ the clay. shape crumble push punch You will~ need~ a needle, a magnet, and a piece of cork. require want use have The tree branches were~ perfect~ for the treehouse. right pretty strong clean Rosa stood near the edge of the~ pond~. pool beach ocean river Henry Aaron was named~ "Rookie~ of the Year." beginner professional hitter pitcher Willie had many~ scratches~ on his knees. cuts freckles scars pains Little green~ shoots~ will sprout from the potato eyes. leaves guns arrows potatoes David would rather stay~ snug~ and warm in bed. cozy tight asleep resting Andy was~ sorry~ that his father didn't buy the car. sad angry happy upset She~ sped~ down the hill on her sled. raced floated drifted wandered Mother's~ suggestion~ was that they both take a walk. advice order clue answer June~ advised~ Patty to write a speech. told forced asked helped Bert played an~ amazing~ baseball game. surprising terrible tiring awful The children added baking soda to the~ batter~. dough hitter player sauce We used the yard for a baseball~ diamond~. field ring gem stone Steve had an~ enormous~ cast on his leg. huge lightweight uncomfortable ugly When he hit me, I was~ furious~. angry laughing uncomfortable happy Chris cut a~ generous~ piece of pie for himself. large stingy unselfish cheap A long~ gr023oove~ was made in the board. slit hole notch point Collecting stickers is a popular~ hobby~. pastime competition invention career Ray thought of a great~ idea~ . plan trick game sign A long~ journey~ was still ahead. trip walk roadway distance I was really~ nervous~ all day. uneasy happy lonely tired She~ permitted~ her children to wear strange clothes. allowed forced required asked Bobby~ pressed~ his face against the window. squeezed ironed bumped raised Jeff turned around to~ protest~. complain agree confess help David played in a piano~ recital~. performance practice appearance party The teddy bears were~ shipped~ to the stores. sent sailed packed given Mary went to a~ slumber~ party. sleep-over surprise costume birthday Sonja Henie used her skating~ talent~ to earn money. ability costumes charm medals The ice began to~ thaw~ in the warm sun. melt freeze harden shine My father got more than he~ bargained for~. expected traded asked wanted Chewing gum was the~ chief~ product of the company. main Indian baking first The bill from the store was~ confusing~. puzzling silly weird interesting The forest is~ constantly~ replanted. continually frequently rarely sometimes The~ data~ was put into a computer. information change note electricity Fred Morrison decided to~ develop~ a new toy. design purchase sell draw The statue was~ displayed~ at the Exposition. shown painted dest4678royed concealed The underwater cable must be very~ durable~. strong long delicate flimsy Allow the liquid to~ evaporate~. disappear solidify thicken heat The cacao beans are~ ground~ into a liquid. crushed changed solidified melted The chef was~ insulted~ by the remark. offended touched pleased concerned I called the police to report the~ intruder~. burglar squirrel animal mess Some cities~ outlawed~ skateboards. prohibited encouraged destroyed permitted Houdini could~ pick~ any kind of lock. open choose gather separate The~ remarkable~ new invention was helpful. uncommon frightening humorous familiar The scientists observe the~ responses~ of the whales. reactions problems speech motion Vanilla is a fragrance used in~ scented~ soap. perfumed edible expensive liquid The children bought many~ souvenirs~ at Disneyland. keepsakes prizes toys presents I was~ troubled~ because Joanie was so late. worried happy unconcerned confident Farmers have a~ unique~ way of controlling insects. unusual common dangerous popular The train came to an~ abrupt~ stop. sudden gradual final unexpected Paul hoped for an~ alternative~ assignment. different permanent interesting brief We~ arranged~ the bottle caps to make the model city. organized painted bought disturbed The liquid soap~ churns~ and thickens. mixes melts solidifies separates I was impressed by his~ commitment~ to help the poor. promise intention refusal suggestion There wasn't a great~ demand~ for peanuts. need insistence purpose location Modern basketball was~ devised~ by9;<= James Naismith. invented discovered diagnosed disliked England's King Henry VIII~ drastically~ affected history. radically certainly negatively frequently The Golden Gate Bridge has a graceful,~ elegant~ beauty. classic gaudy ornate ordinary The West Edmonton Mall has~ extensive~ facilities. abundant superior entertaining limited Silver and lead were~ extracted~ from the mines. removed erased pulled discovered Making a glass container~ involves~ many steps. includes absorbs omits contains The~ miniature~ city is filled with buildings. tiny authentic original counterfeit The detective~ peered~ around the corner. looked searched tiptoed crept Farmers have~ perpetually~ had problems with insects. always occasionally seldom truly The latest~ scheme~ to protect toads is a special tunnel. plan disaster success obstacle He went to see the~ thriving~ restaurant. successful independent bankrupt advertised Requirements for the license~ vary~ from place to place. differ swerve hold alternate The large cleaner fish shakes~ vigorously~. energetically softly smoothly gently Barbara became~ wary~ when he tiptoed past her. suspicious concerned confused annoyed 'GAME.D1@lKV 'GAME.D2D"-V 'GAME.D3H".V 'GAME.D4L<".V UNTITLEDFINDER.DATApYou can learn to~ balance~ yourself on stilts. steady upset weigh turn Climbing down was the~ difficult~ part. hard easy scary funny Tom was~ disappointed~ about his part in the play. unhappy nervous delighted angry The tent was carried by~ a dozen~ women. twelve six ten eight Dave thought that sitting next to Lance would be~dull~. boring difficult thrilling dark Brandon's mother~ explained~ the reasons to him. told cried yelled read You must pay the library~ fine~. penalty tax reward price When he was not?AB getting a bath, Winston was a~ good~ dog. well-behaved friendly happy real The children were very~ impatient~ to get started. eager calm tired angry They went to the beach without~ including~ Amy. inviting telling joining calling He~ invited~ her to go on a date. asked forced promised begged Chopsticks are two~ narrow~ sticks. skinny wide fat long His~ natural~ luck had run out. normal false good strange We had a~ private~ password in our club. secret lonely strange new Tim~ realized~ that he had been dreaming. knew guessed said hoped The President~ receives~ many letters. gets sends mails delivers She was busy~ searching~ for her baseball glove. hunting running walking asking The children~ split~ up into groups. divided joined connected stood Her perfume smelled~ strong~. powerful healthy different rich The elephant can~ uproot~ a tree. dig up plant water push The~ actual~ Dennis Ketchum is thirty years old. real acting phony pretend We always~ choose~ a campground with a lake. pick pretend want refuse I found out about the~ competition~ from my cousin. contest game activity fight Light is~ divided~ into colors to make a rainbow. split combined made added Jay held the baseball bat~ firmly~. tightly selfishly easily roughly Vicky had a~ frown~ on her face. pout smile grin look The two cars were~ identical~. alike different similar new Diane~ intended~ to prove hiCEFm wrong. planned wanted pretended promised An hourglass was one way to~ measure~ time. estimate test add limit Long ago,~ pioneers~ traveled across the country. settlers wanderers guides citizens We all~ pitched~ in to make a big birthday banner. joined threw fell gave No~ scenery~ could top what he had just seen. landscape mountains pictures clouds Chuck and Wendy always~ select~ a good fishing spot. choose find refuse avoid Annie~ spotted~ a tiny green speck in the water. saw described placed smudged Michael~ stared~ at his calendar. gazed glanced peeked winked Tina wrote~ terrific~ poems. great awful many ordinary The~ theme~ was transportation of the future. topic melody report picture The Coast Guard boat came to~ tow~ us to safety. pull push carry help My father had been~ transferred~ to New York. moved invited carried driven The building was~ vacant~ and dark. empty gloomy lonely scary The boys were not dressed~ alike~. similarly together neatly differently Maureen~ attempted~ to smile. tried wanted failed decided Ted~ convinced~ his friend to go. persuaded asked wanted allowed The children~ dash~ through the streets. run walk creep tiptoe A fungus caused the wood to~ decay~. rot strengthen combine warp Hugo was~ delighted~ when it snowed. happy confused angry alarmed She had a~ fractured~ collarbone. broken hurt healed injured A flying squirrel can~ glide~ up to fifty yards. float walk jGIJump lurch The museum is~ particularly~ unusual. distinctly generally partially truly We think of ants as~ pesty~ little creatures. annoying cute lively tiny Buoys mark the sides of a~ port~ entrance. dock ship wide dangerous The legend is not a true~ prediction~ of weather. forecast definition story announcement Mr. Robey bought a sheet of~ rare~ stamps. unusual common cheap raw Gretzky was followed by fans~ seeking~ autographs. requesting giving exploring hunting Michael saw lots of~ shimmering~ jewelry. sparkling expensive stolen priceless Paul wondered if his parents were~ sincere~. truthful lying teasing polite Ben stumbled~ sluggishly~ into the kitchen. sleepily suddenly immediately alertly Bobby was ~ stubborn~ about trying new things. headstrong agreeable flexible angry Danny~ tapped~ me on the shoulder. touched grabbed poked smacked Halloween is one of the most~ thrilling~ holidays. exciting pleasant shocking peaceful Mozart showed early musical~ aptitude~. talent inability ignorance efficiency Saloons were~ characteristic~ sights in the mining town. typical lovely unusual rare He wanted to~ deserve~ her trust. merit deny return allow He~ dutifully~ walked to his desk. obediently slowly rapidly confidently The Titanic was a~ glorious~ ocean liner. magnificent terrible glittering glowering Mr. Silverman gets his~ guidance~ from an unusual source. advice money ideas reports A mirage is a false~ image~ caused by bent light KMNOrays. likeness landscape idea impression The moon has often~ inspired~ artists. excited depressed soothed discouraged There are two~ myths~ in this statement. falsehoods truths questions problems It allows you to view nature from a new~ perspective~. viewpoint height place altitude It is difficult to measure~ precisely~. exactly vaguely severely quickly What is your~ reaction~ when you see a strange insect? response opinion reply reflex The movie extras were~ required~ to dye their hair green. commanded asked prohibited begged The park was a~ serene~ place to study. peaceful distracting exciting inspiring The house had a~ sterile~ neatness. antiseptic infected dull dreary The teacher~ stressed~ that accuracy was important. emphasized thought stated remarked What is the silvery~ substance~ inside the thermometer? material liquid solid form A~ substantial~ discount is available. large strong real important The birds~ supposedly~ arrive every year on March 19. apparently definitely sometimes always The plant is ready to be~ unveiled~. displayed transported sold nurtured DATAuHUSTON!V1' 'FINDER.DATA&p&PJaime's class was going on a trip to the aquarium. All week long, his teacher had been talking about what they would see. Now the day had finally come. First they saw the kelp forest. This was a huge, round tank that was three floors high. Many kinds of fish swam through the thick forest of kelp and seaweed. Next they went to see the sea otters being fed. This was really fun to watch. The sea otters were very playful. Jaime's favorite part of the aquarium was the touch pool. Here the children couldQSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmn touch and pick up many sea creatures. Jaime learned a lot about fish and other sea animals from the field trip. This story mainly tells about a field trip to the aquarium. watching the sea otters being fed. the aquarium's touch pool. life in a kelp forest. A Birds come in all shapes, sizes, and colors. One thing they do have in common is their feathers. All birds have feathers. The feathers on a bird's wing help it to fly. These feathers are called flight feathers. The bird's breast is covered with small, silky feathers. These feathers are called down. Down helps keep the bird's body warm. Birds that need to swim and dive for their food have waterproof feathers. The word for all of a bird's feathers is plumage. The peacock has probably the most colorful and beautiful plumage of all. This passage is mainly about the feathers of a peacock. birds that must swim and dive for their food. down feathers. birds' feathers. D Cindy had begged her parents to buy her a horse. One summer they finally agreed. She became the owner of a beautiful brown horse. Cindy named her horse Brandy. Every day after school she went out to the stable. She brushed Brandy's soft coat and walked her around the yard. Soon Cindy was able to ride Brandy. Together they learned to trot and gallop. Cindy went to a horse show and saw many young girls jumping their horses over fences. She wanted to try this with Brandy. She practiced every day until she and Brandy could jump over a five-foot fence. This story is mainly about Cindy getting over her fear of horses. Cindy's wish coming true. Cindy's parents surprising her with a gift. Cindy going to a horse show. B My cousin was getting married, so my family and I flew back to Vermont for the wedding. As we drove to their house from the airport, I couldn't believe my eyes. The rolling hills looked like they were on fire. It was fall, so the leaves on the trees had all changed color. They were bright red, yellow, and orange. Since I lived in San Diego, I had never seen anything like it. I thought it was beautiful. When we got to the house, my cousin Scott was outside raking leaves. I wanted to help because I had never raked leaves before. Scott was happy to give up the job. This story is mainly about the first time the author had seen autumn leaves. flying to Vermont for a wedding. seeing some hills on fire. fall in San Diego. A If you tried to ride a bicycle in deep snow, the wheels would sink. It is not easy to walk in deep snow, either. So, some special ways of moving across the snow have been invented. Sleds and snowmobiles have long runners which slide on top of the snow. Skis or snowshoes can be worn on the feet. Snowshoes look something like long tennis rackets. They are strapped to boots. Snowshoes help to spread your weight over a large area, so that you do not sink in to the snow. People wear snowshoes for farming, hunting, or just for fun. American Indians were the first to wear snowshoes. This passage is mainly about skis. snowmobiles. deep snow. ways of moving across the snow. D Nancy was watching one of her favorite Saturday morning cartoons when she heard the news. A pet food company was having a writing contest. To enter, you had to write a story about why you loved your pet. If you won, you would get to read your story on a television commercial. Nancy could hardly wait to enter. If she wrote a story about her cat, Muffin, she would definitely win the contest! She sent the story, along with a picture of herself and Muffin, to the pet food company. About a month later, Nancy got the good news. She won the contest! This story is mainly about Nancy's favorite cartoons. Nancy entering and winning a writing contest. Nancy's cat, Muffin. a pet food commercial. B Building sand castles at the beach can be a lot of fun. It is a good idea to bring some buckets. First, make the main part of the castle. Fill the bucket with damp sand. Quickly turn the bucket upside down. Pull the bucket up carefully. The sand should stay in the shape of the bucket. Do the same thing with smaller buckets or cups. These will be the other parts of the castle. Use your hand to dig a moat around the castle. The sand in the moat will be very wet. Hold some wet sand in your hand and let it drip on the main part of the castle. The wet sand will form towers on the castle roof. This main purpose of this passage is to explain what a moat does. tell how a sand castle is made. give reasons for going to the beach. list the many things you can do with a bucket. B Fran Hogan always had the best lunch in the whole school. Her mother made peanut butter and jelly sandwiches on nice, soft bread. She always had a big, red, shiny apple. And then there were the cookies. Fran always had homemade cookies in her lunch. Sometimes they were gooey chocolate chip cookies, and other times they were chewy oatmeal and raisin cookies. To top it off, Fran's mother always filled the thermos with chocolate milk. I always asked her if she wanted to trade a few cookies for a banana. She never agreed. This story mainly tells why the author didn't like Fran Hogan. about Fran Hogan's mother. how many cookies Fran Hogan ate for lunch. about Fran Hogan's school lunches. D Many people like to go fishing. They get up early in the morning, drive to their favorite fishing spot, and fish all day. Then they clean the fish they have caught and cook them for dinner. The fish tastes best when it is grilled over a campfire. An English fisherman named Edward F. Spence never ate any of the fish he caught. He wrote a book called "The Pike Fisher." (The pike is a fish that swims in fresh water.) Mr. Spence caught 8,000 pike in waters all over the world. He threw every one of them back! This passage is mainly about fishing. cleaning fish. writing books. throwing fish back in the water. A Penny heard the marching band in the distance. As they came closer, she could see their bright red costumes. Everyone clapped as the band passed by. Next there were some clowns on bicycles. Penny had never seen bicycles like these. They had a huge front wheel and a tiny back wheel. The clowns did funny tricks as they rode the bicycles. Then a big float came down the street. It was covered with beautiful flowers. Ladies in fancy dresses sat on the float and waved to the crowd. Penny wished that she could ride on one of the floats. This story is mainly about Penny watching a parade. clowns who ride old bicycles. the costumes of a marching band. all kinds of parades. A When you feel tired, you can go to sleep on a nice, soft bed. But what about wild animals? Animals sleep in many different ways. A lion can go to sleep anywhere. It sleeps in the shade when it is hot and in the warm sun when the weather is cold. Gorillas make beds from leaves. Leopards and monkeys sleep high up in the treetops where they are safe from their enemies. It is hard to tell when a fish is asleep. This is because a fish sleeps with its eyes open. Fish have no eyelids. When a duck goes to sleep, it turns its head all the way around. Then it uses its body for a cushion. Which sentence tells the most about this passage? Gorillas make beds from leaves. Fish sleep with their eyes open. Monkeys sleep in trees. Animals sleep in many different ways. D My sister was studying Spanish in high school. One day she asked my mom if a student from Spain could stay with our family for awhile. My mother agreed, and Maria arrived the next week. We were all excited about meeting her. My sister had been practicing her Spanish. When we met Maria at the airport, she seemed very shy. On the way home, my sister tried to speak to her in Spanish. Maria asked us to speak to her in English so that she could learn the language. My father spoke to Maria in a very loud voice. He thought that she could understand him better if he talked loudly. We all learned a lot from Maria. This story is mainly about having a visitor from another country. the customs of people from Spain. taking a Spanish class. learning to speak English. A Which is colder, the North Pole or the South Pole? The South Pole is colder. It is on ice-covered land. No people live at the South Pole, only a few birds, fish, and whales. The North Pole is on ice-covered water, and water does not cool off as much as land does. There are a few people who live in the Arctic, close to the North Pole. They are called Eskimos. It is cold in the Arctic, even in the summer. The average summer temperature is only 50 degrees F. Snow often falls during the summer, and the ground deep down is always frozen. The main point of this passage is to tell about the North Pole. tell about the South Pole. compare the North Pole with the South Pole. tell about the Eskimos. C Almost everyone has heard the story of the hare and the tortoise. But do you know what a hare is? A hare is an animal very much like a rabbit. It is gentle and timid like a rabbit. Its front teeth are long and sharp like those of a rabbit. Both hares and rabbits are very fast. They can outrun many of their enemies. But there are some differences. For example, hares are larger than rabbits. Hares are born with their eyes open, while rabbits are born blind. Hares do not dig burrows or live in groups like rabbits. Hares have longer feet and ears than rabbits. The main purpose of this story is to explain what a hare is by comparing it to a rabbit. describe the eating habits of hares. explain how a rabbit runs from danger. tell why hares make better pets than rabbits. A Greg was looking forward to the trip. He and his father were going skiing. He thought about it all day at school. As soon as school was over, his father picked him up. They put their suitcases in the car and strapped the skis on top. After they filled the car with gas, they were on their way. It was a long trip to the ski resort. Greg fell asleep while his father was driving. They stayed in a motel that night and got up early the next morning. After riding the ski lift to the top of the slope, Greg got off. This was the moment he had waited for. He pushed off with his poles and glided down the hill. This story is mainly about going on a skiing trip. staying in a motel. taking skiing lessons. a famous ski resort. A Most of us look forward to getting the mail each day. We wait to see if there is a letter from a friend. Maybe our favorite magazine will come. How does the mail get to your mailbox? Probably a mailman drives up to your mailbox in a little car. Or maybe he walks around from one mailbox to another. Long ago, the mail was carried between Argentina and Chile in a special way. Mailmen would swim the rivers in places where there were no roads. They pulled behind them a floating pouch which carried the mail - and their dry clothes. This passage is mainly about swimming in rivers. reading the mail. getting a letter from a friend. delivering the mail in different ways. D Would you like to live on a boat? Maybe you have spent a week on a houseboat during your vacation. Some people in China and Japan live on floating homes called sampans. A sampan is a small, fast-moving boat. Sampans usually have cabins covered with straw mats. This is where the family sleeps. In Hong Kong, there is a sampan city where hundreds of sampans are docked together. Some of the sampans are used as shops or food stores. There are people in sampan city who never set foot on land. They spend their whole life going from one sampan to another. This passage is mainly about living on sampans. Hong Kong. rowing a boat. going on vacation. A Someone was shaking the bed. I opened one eye to see my sister standing above me. "C'mon Charlie. Didn't you hear the alarm?" she whispered. Then I remembered that it was my mom's birthday. Leanne and I had decided to surprise her with breakfast in bed. I put my robe on and followed Leanne downstairs. "You make the toast," she commanded, "and I'll make the eggs." As I buttered the toast, Leanne announced that the eggs were ready. They looked a bit runny to me. We put the food on a tray with some orange juice and the newspaper. Boy, would Mom be surprised! This story is mainly about Charlie cooking breakfast. Charlie getting up early. a birthday surprise. Charlie and his sister, Leanne. C Oceans cover about three-fourths of the earth. Oceans are made up of salt water. There are five oceans--Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic. The largest and deepest ocean is the Pacific. It forms the western border of North America. The eastern edge of North America is formed by the Atlantic Ocean. The coldest ocean is the Antarctic, in the area of the South Pole. It is full of icebergs. Many seals and whales live in this cold, salty water. All the five oceans of the world are really one big ocean. Look at the globe and you will see that the oceans join into one another. The ocean has no beginning and no end. This passage is mainly about the world's oceans. the coldest ocean in the world. the deepest ocean in the world. the borders of North America. A Over one hundred years ago, America bought a huge chunk of land from Russia. The land was called Alaska, and the price was two cents an acre. At the time, some people complained about the foolish waste of money. They thought Alaska was nothing but a lot of useless, frozen land. Alaska turned out to be a very good buy. The land is covered with forests. Gold, oil, and natural gas are found underground. The seas around Alaska are rich with fish and sea animals. Alaska is our largest state. It is as large as Texas, California, and Montana put together. Alaska means "the great land." It is a fitting name for a great state. This passage is mainly about gold mining in Alaska. the great state of Alaska. buying land from Russia. Alaskan forests. B Jane sat on the steps with her chin cupped in her hands. Her brown eyes usually sparkled with excitement, but today she was sad and quiet. ~ "How could everyone forget my birthday?" she thought.~ Jane's family had always done something special to celebrate her birthday. Last year they had all gone to the circus. The year before, Jane's older brother had made her a cake shaped like a roller skate. "But not this year," she said aloud. Then her father's car pulled up in the driveway. He got out of the coqrstuvwxyz{|}~ar with a big package in his hands. Jane wondered what it could be. Jane was sad and quiet because she didn't go to the circus. had to help her father carry the groceries. wished it wasn't her birthday. thought everyone had forgotten her birthday. D Children who live in cold climates love to make snowmen. There is a special Winter Carnival in Canada where people make ice statues. To make an ice statue, first you spray water on a big pile of snow. Soon it will freeze into ice. Then you can carve the ice into any shape you want. At the Winter Carnival, people don't just make snowmen. They carve trains, airplanes, or animals out of ice. The statues are judged to see which one is best. Then, as soon as the sun comes out, the statues melt away. ~ Then people start designing their statue for the next year's Winter Carnival.~ The Winter Carnival in Canada is held every time it snows. is held once a year. has a contest for the best snowman. has ski races. B Dana's soccer team was selling candy to raise money. She wasn't so sure she wanted to ring her neighbors' doorbells and ask them to buy candy. But she did want to win the bike. ~ Whoever sold the most candy won a bike.~ As Dana walked up to Mrs. Ford's door, she wondered what to say. Before she could ring the doorbell, Mrs. Ford opened the door. "Well, hello Dana," she said smiling, "Are you selling candy too?" Mrs. Ford had already bought some candy from Peggy Long. So, Dana walked to the next house. She felt like giving up, but then she remembered about the prize. The prize for selling the most candy was a soccer ball. year's supply of candy. twenty dollar bill. bicycle. D Donna and Doug set up a lemonade stand one warm Sunday afternoon. After about an hour, not one person had bought lemonade. Just then, Doug's sister Jill ran up to the stand. Doug asked her if she wanted to buy some lemonade. She said she had just finished a glass. ~ "The kids on the next block are selling it for five cents a glass instead of ten," she said. Donna and Doug quickly reduced their price to four cents a glass.~ The next three children who came by bought lemonade. Soon their lemonade stand was the busiest one in the neighborhood. Donna and Doug's lemonade stand became so busy because they sold the best lemonade in the neighborhood. they gave away a cookie with each glass of lemonade. their stand was on the busiest corner in the neighborhood. their lemonade was the cheapest in the neighborhood. D Each nation in the world has a special flag. The colors in the American flag are red, white, and blue. The colors in the Italian flag are red, green, and white. The colors in the Swedish flag are blue and yellow. There is one flag that stands for all the countries. It is the Olympic flag, which flies over the Olympic Games. The Olympic flag is white, with five rings. ~ The rings are colored blue, yellow, black, green, and red. At least one of these colors is found in every flag in the world.~ The rings are linked together to show that at the Olympic Games, people from all nations are friends. The colors in the Olympic flag come from the flags of all nations. flag of the United States. flag of Sweden. flag of Italy. A I couldn't believe it. My mother was making me go to Nora O'Mally's birthday party. She said it would be impolite not to go. ~ I was going to be the only boy there!~ When she answered the door, Nora had a big smile on her face. I quickly sat down on a chair far away from all the giggling girls. Nora's mother said it was time for cake. I was glad to see that the cake was chocolate. Then we played Pin the Tail on the Donkey. When I won the game, I was sure Nora's mother wouldn't have any prizes that I would like. I was wrong. She handed me a kit for making a model airplane. Maybe girls' birthday parties weren't so bad after all. The boy in the story didn't want to go to the party because he didn't like Nora O'Mally. he was afraid they would serve chocolate cake. he didn't like to play party games. he would be the only boy there. D Do you like to take baths? Some children love to splash and play with toys in the tub. Others run and hide when it is time to take a bath. Hundreds of years ago, people did not take as many baths as we do now. Often they splashed cologne on themselves to smell better and to hide body odors. King Louis XIV was king of France for 72 years. ~ He hated water so much that he never took a bath.~ He probably never went swimming, either. It is very hard to believe, but it is said that he never washed more than the tip of his nose! King Louis XIV never took a bath because he hated water. he never got dirty. he didn't know how to swim. no one in France took baths. A It seems like magic. With a few quick folds, a plain piece of paper becomes a bird. The bird seems almost ready to fly away, and yet it is only a folded paper. Another piece of paper is turned into a beautiful flower, a fish, or a drinking cup. What is the magic at work here? ~ It is origami--the Japanese art of paper folding.~ In origami, paper is folded to make a shape. Brightly colored papers are used. The paper must be square to begin with, and it must be easy to fold. The folds must be very exact. If you had some lessons, you could learn to enjoy origami. Origami is a Japanese bird. a drinking cup. the Japanese art of paper folding. the Japanese word for colored paper. C Betsy noticed that Fluffy's dish was still full of milk. Then she heard a loud "meow." Betsy looked up to see Fluffy stuck on the tallest branch of the maple tree! She called to Fluffy, but the cat wouldn't budge. Betsy remembered a book about a fireman who rescued a cat that was stuck in a tree. Just then, Mr. Heath walked around the corner. He asked Betsy what was wrong. She told him about Fluffy, and asked him whether she should call the fire department. Mr. Heath suggested that Betsy go upstairs and call to Fluffy from the bedroom window. It worked. ~ Fluffy was not afraid to jump to the nearby window.~ How did Fluffy finally get out of the tree? Betsy climbed up and got her. She jumped safely to a nearby window. She was rescued by the fire department. Mr. Heath called to her and made her come down. B If you are a very good high jumper, you can jump about as high as your head. If you were on the moon, you could jump about six times as high as your head! ~ That is because the force of gravity is so much weaker on the moon.~ Gravity is what pulls us down to the earth. If we let go of an object, gravity makes it fall down instead of floating away. Gravity also affects how much you weigh. If you weigh 60 pounds here on earth, you would weigh only about ten pounds on the moon. If you want to lose weight or set a new high jump record, maybe you should go to the moon! Which sentence is not true? Gravity is stronger on the moon than on the earth. People weigh less on the moon than on the earth. The force of gravity pulls us down. High jumping is easy on the moon. A Roger watched with only one eye open as the man walked across the tightrope. The man held a long pole in his hands. This pole helped him keep his balance. When the man reached the other side, the audience applauded loudly. Roger was glad that the man had not fallen. Then he saw another man climbing up the long ladder. But this man was carrying a bicycle. Roger's brother explained that the man was going to ride the bicycle across the tightrope. ~ Roger peeked through his hands as the man rode to the other side.~ The man made it across safely! When Roger watched the stunts on the tightrope he felt worried. sleepy. bored. hungry. A The night sky is filled with bursts of color. Red, blue, green, white and silver streaks shoot through the sky. It's exciting to watch fireworks. ~ In the United States, people celebrate July 4 as Independence Day with colorful fireworks.~ There are displays all over the country. One of them is held at the Hollywood Bowl, a huge outdoor theater in California. At the end of the evening's concert, the fireworks begin. The band plays marches while the fireworks explode above. Sometimes the fireworks make a picture, like an eagle or the American flag. Fireworks are often used to warn people of danger. as part of a celebration. to frighten people. to send messages. B Do you have a favorite teddy bear? The first teddy bear was made in 1902. It was named for President Theodore Roosevelt. ~ A newspaper cartoon had shown the President refusing to shoot a bear cub.~ A candy-store owner showed the cartoon to his wife. Using scraps of cloth, she made a toy bear that looked like the one in the cartoon. She put the bear in the store window. Many people wanted to buy one just like it. ~ The store owner asked President Roosevelt if he could sell the bears and call them "Teddy's bears."~ The president agreed and the teddy bear has been a popular toy ever since. The teddy bear was named for President Roosevelt because he wrote a song about teddy bears. refused to shoot a bear cub. loved stuffed animals. saw the bear in the candy-store window. B My mother and I stood in line at the bakery. The line was moving very slowly. When I looked over at the window, a lady was staring at herself in the glass. A little boy held her hand. I made a funny face at him, but he didn't see me. Then a young girl looked at the window and fixed her hat. I made a face at her too. But she walked on without noticing me. I asked my mom why everyone who passed by looked at themselves in the glass. She said that the window was made of one-way glass. ~ We could see the people outside, but they couldn't see us.~ The one-way glass in the window never needed cleaning. let people look into the bakery. was painted light blue. let people in the bakery look out. D Look around your classroom some day. You will see that most of the children write with their right hands. Only a few are left-handed. The right side of the brain controls the left side of the body. The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body. ~ If the left side of your brain is more powerful, you will be right-handed.~ Many things in the world, like scissors, are built for right-handed people. Left-handed people might have trouble using these tools. There is a special store called Southpaw in San Francisco. Everything in the store is made for "southpaws," or left-handed people. If the left side of your brain is more powerful you will be very strong. be a southpaw. have trouble cutting with scissors. be right-handed. D Houses are built to provide shelter. People who live in the rainy tropics put their houses on stilts in case of floods. ~ The roofs are steep, so that the rain drains off well. In the northern countries, roofs are also steeply slanted, so that the snow will slide off.~ If the weather is hot and dry, the roof may be flat. Then people have a cool place to sleep at night. Sometimes people need shelter from their enemies. Tree dwellers in the jungles live high up in the trees. There are long ladders to reach the ground. When the enemy threatens, the ladders can be quickly pulled up! Houses may have a slanted roof so that people have a place to sleep at night. to protect against enemy attack. to protect against floods. so that rain and snow will slide off. D There are over 200 bones in your body. ~ Some are thick and strong.~ The largest bone in the body is the thigh bone, or femur. ~ Some other bones are tiny and delicate.~ The smallest bones in the body are three tiny bones inside the ear. Nearly half the bones in the body are in the hands and feet. These bones are also very small. All the bones together are called the skeleton. The skeleton is the framework of the body. If you crack or break a bone in your arm, the doctor must put a cast on your arm. This cast will hold the bone in place while it grows together again. Which sentence is not true? A broken bone can grow together again. There are over 200 bones in the human body. There are many bones in the hands and feet. All the bones in the body are the same size. D Have you ever ridden on a subway? A subway is an underground train. It moves by electric power. ~ Subways are usually found in big cities, where many people need to get from place to place in a hurry.~ Subway trains can travel very fast. They do not get in the way of the cars, trucks or buses on the streets. The busiest subway system in the world is in New York City. Other cities which have subways are Paris, London, Montreal, Chicago, Berlin, and Moscow. The walls of the subway station in Moscow are covered with works of art. People can look at beautiful paintings while they wait for the subway. Which statement is not true? Most subways are found in small towns. Subways run with electric power. Subways are underground. Subway trains travel very fast. A ~ Have you ever seen boiling hot water steaming and bubbling out of the ground?~ You will if you see the geysers at Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. The park got its name from the yellow colored rock in many of its canyons. Indians were probably the first people to see Yellowstone. The park is closed in the winter, because the roads and trails are hidden with deep snow. During the summer, many people come to see the geysers, such as Old Faithful. Old Faithful shoots hot water hundreds of feet in the air about once every hour. One of the most unusual things to see at Yellowstone National Park is snow. colored rock. Indians. geysers shooting hot water out of the ground. D Which state in the United States is really a chain of islands? Which state has many active volcanoes? That state is Hawaii. The Hawaiian Islands are formed from the tops of mountains and volcanoes rising from the ocean floor. Some of the volcanoes are still active. Once in a while, hot lava spills out of the top of the volcanoes. Then it flows down to the ocean, where it cools and hardens. When this happens, the island gets bigger! Hawaii is a very beautiful state. Because it is surrounded by the ocean, the climate is very mild. ~ Many kinds of flowers, fruits and vegetables grow easily in the rich volcanic soil.~ Which statement is not true? Hawaii has poor soil. Hawaii has a very mild climate. Hawaii has active volcanoes. Hawaii is really a chain of islands. A Karen ran into the kitchen and shouted, "James, I thought of a way we could become famous!" Karen explained that she had checked out a book from the library. The book was full of records set by all sorts of people. There was a record for eating the most hot dogs, watching the most movies, and roller skating the fastest. "If we break one of the records, our pictures will be in this book." So, James and Karen decided to break the hot dog eating record. After they had each eaten five hot dogs, they felt sleepy. So, they decided they'd try to break another kind of record in the morning. What happened after James and Karen each ate five hot dogs? They felt very sleepy. They decided to wait until morning to try again. Karen ran into the kitchen. James and Karen decided to break the hot dog eating record. A All the students cheered when Mr. Rawlings said that we'd be working with clay in art class. He gave each of us a lump of clay. We had to play with it for awhile so it would get soft. Then he said we could mold the clay into anything we wanted to make. I knew right away that I wanted to make a cup. My cup would have a big, curvy handle. When I looked next to me, Peter was making a cup with a handle. I wanted to make something different, so I rolled up the clay and started again. I had a great idea! I would make a swan like the one we read about in The Ugly Duckling. What happened after Mr. Rawlings gave each student a lump of clay? The author decided to make a cup. All of the students cheered. The children played with the clay so it would get soft. The author decided to make a swan. C One day, Mr. and Mrs. Brown and their son Teddy went to Nature Park for a hike. Mr. Brown took a picture of his wife and son next to some trees. A few days later, he picked up the pictures from the drugstore. Mrs. Brown looked at the picture they had taken at Nature Park. She let out a scream. A mountain lion had been behind some trees when the picture was taken! Mrs. Brown and Teddy were very lucky that the lion did not hurt them. The next day the picture was in the newspaper. The Browns hoped it would alert people to be careful when hiking in Nature Park. What happened after Mrs. Brown saw the mountain lion in the picture? Mr. Brown went to the drug store to pick up the pictures. Mr. and Mrs. Brown took the picture to the newspaper. Mr. and Mrs. Brown went back to park to take more pictures. Mrs. Brown told Teddy about the mountain lion. B Jimmy held his tooth in his hand. He was trying to decide what to do with it. Jimmy's friend Bruce saw the tooth and said, "Wow, are you lucky! You are going to get some good money for that." Jimmy knew that Bruce was talking about the tooth fairy. He told Bruce that he was too old for that kind of stuff. Bruce said, "Have it your way. If it were me, I would at least give it a try." That night Jimmy thought about what Bruce had said. He put his tooth under his pillow and went to sleep. In the morning, Jimmy found a shiny, new quarter under his pillow. Bruce had been right! What happened just before Jimmy went to sleep? Jimmy found a quarter under his pillow. Bruce saw Jimmy holding a tooth. Jimmy and Bruce talked about the tooth fairy. Jimmy put the tooth under his pillow. D My brother Tony and I decided to build a treehouse in the backyard. The thick branches of the apple tree were perfect for holding the treehouse. First we made a ladder by nailing five short wooden planks to the trunk. Then we measured the space between the two largest branches. Tony cut the wood for the frame. I nailed the frame together. We finished the treehouse by filling in the frame with more wood. Tony climbed the tree. Then I threw him the rope that was tied to the treehouse. He pulled it up to the branches and nailed it in place. What was done just before Tony cut the wood for the frame? The boys nailed the treehouse into place. The boys made a ladder with wooden planks. The boys measured the space between the branches. The author nailed the frame together. C Sometimes it is hard to get up on a cold winter morning. You would rather stay snug and warm in bed. You would like to sleep just a little longer. That is exactly what some animals do. They sleep all winter. This winter sleep is called hibernation. Animals such as squirrels, snakes, woodchucks, and toads hibernate in the winter. They eat a lot before winter comes. Then they crawl into deep holes and sleep the winter away. They live on the fat they have stored up. When spring comes, they awake because they are hungry. Then they come out into the warm spring sunshine. What do the animals do just before they hibernate? The animals awake from hunger. The animals eat a lot and store up fat. The animals sleep all winter. The animals come out into the sunshine. B Rosa sat on the front porch waiting for her grandfather. Every Sunday he and Rosa went to the park to feed the ducks. Then Rosa's grandfather came around the corner. He whistled a tune as he walked. Rosa ran to greet him. She held his big, warm hand as they walked toward the park. When they got to the park, Rosa's grandfather gave her a bag full of bread crumbs. The ducks seemed to recognize Rosa as she stood near the edge of the pond. Rosa tried to throw the bread crumbs as far as she could. She smiled as she watched the ducks dive for the food. What happened first? Rosa's grandfather came around the corner. Rosa threw bread crumbs to the ducks. Rosa waited for her grandfather. Rosa's grandfather gave her a bag of bread crumbs. C When Willie opened his eyes, he saw the shiny, red bicycle. He jumped for joy. Then Willie's mother asked him if he wanted some help learning how to ride it. Willie said he wanted to teach himself how to ride the bike. So, he took the bike outside and walked it to the park. The first time he tried to get on it, he fell. But Willie got right back on the bike. After awhile, he was able to balance on it without falling. But as soon as he started to pedal, he fell off the bike. By the end of the day, Willie had a lot of scratches on his knees. But he could ride his bike for a whole block without falling. What happened after Willie fell off the bike the first time? Willie's mother offered to help him learn to ride the bike. Willie could ride the bike for a block. Willie got back on the bike. Willie walked the bike to the park. C Does your family eat turkey for Thanksgiving dinner? This custom started when the Pilgrims ate wild turkeys for the first Thanksgiving feast. The Pilgrims came to America from England in the year 1620. They had a very hard winter the first year. Many people died because there wasn't enough food. Then the Indians showed the Pilgrims where to catch fish and how to grow good crops. The next year there was plenty of food. The Pilgrims were so happy that they decided to have a feast. They invited their friends, the Indians. Pilgrim men hunted wild turkeys for the dinner. We have been eating turkey for Thanksgiving dinner ever since. What happened first? The Pilgrim men hunted wild turkeys. Many Pilgrims died because there wasn't enough food. The first Thanksgiving feast was held. The Indians helped the Pilgrims get food. B Jorge ran into the house, letting the screen door slam behind him. When his mother turned to scold him, she saw that he was crying. "What's the matter?" she asked. Jorge explained that Brandy, the family dog, had run away. The dog had pulled away from him to chase a squirrel. Jorge's mother's suggestion was that they both walk around the neighborhood to look for the dog. At nightfall, Brandy was still missing. The next day, Jorge and his mother put an ad in the newspaper's lost and found section. Brandy was returned within a week by a family that lived in a neighboring town. What happened first? Jorge and his mother put an ad in the newspaper. Brandy ran away. Jorge slammed the screen door. Brandy was found. B When Carmen saw the huge box on the table, she wondered what it could be. She hadn't asked for anything that big for her birthday. She opened it and found her very own suitcase! Best of all, her suitcase had a lock and key. A few weeks later, Carmen packed for a trip to her grandma's house. She zipped up her suitcase and locked it with the little gold key. When she got to her grandma's house, she realized that she had forgotten her suitcase key. Carmen was worried that her grandma would have to cut open her new suitcase. But her grandma was able to open the lock with a hairpin. What happened after Carmen got to her grandma's house? Carmen opened the box. Carmen realized that she had forgotten her key. Carmen locked her suitcase. Carmen saw a huge box on the table. B Henry Aaron was born in Mobile, Alabama in 1934. One year later, in 1935, the great Babe Ruth hit his 714th home run. This was called the greatest record in all of sports. Henry Aaron grew up wanting to play pro baseball. His father made him promise that he would finish high school first. He did very well in his first year as a pro. He was named "Rookie of the Year." In 1974, Aaron broke Babe Ruth's home run record. He quit playing two years later. By then, he had hit a total of 755 home runs. Henry Aaron had become one of the great baseball players of all time. What happened just before Babe Ruth set the home run record? Henry Aaron quit playing baseball. Henry Aaron graduated from high school. Henry Aaron was named "Rookie of the Year." Henry Aaron was born. D Jerry sat down in the middle of the trail. He was tired. He thought he had walked far enough. Up ahead, he saw his father carrying his younger sister Christy. His father turned around and called to him. "Come on, Jerry. Just a little bit farther." But Jerry knew he still had a long way to walk. His father called to him again, but Jerry wouldn't budge. Then he heard a noise in the bushes behind him. He wondered if it was a bear. When the noise seemed to get closer, Jerry stood up. He decided that his legs weren't really that tired. Jerry ran up the trail to meet his father. What happened first? Jerry heard a noise in the bushes. Jerry sat down in the middle of the trail. Jerry's father called to him. Jerry ran to meet his father. B Our art teacher asked us to bring an old shoe box to class. She didn't tell us what we were going to do with it. When we got to class, she said that we were going to make our own mailboxes for Valentine's Day. First we cut a slit in the top. It had to be big enough for an envelope. Then we covered the box with red paper. A red mailbox was nice, but it would probably look better with some other decorations. So, we cut hearts and flowers from white and pink paper. We glued the hearts and flowers to our boxes. Then I added glitter to my mailbox. What happened just after the mailboxes were covered with red paper? The children glued paper hearts to the boxes. The author decorated his box with glitter. The teacher asked the children to bring a shoe box to class. The children cut a slit in the top of each box. A You might be surprised if you saw how bananas grow. They grow in huge bunches weighing about 100 pounds. One bunch of bananas grows on each plant. The banana plant looks something like a tall palm tree. It has big droopy green leaves on top. One large bud grows from the stalk. This bud turns into the fruit. As the fruit grows heavier, the stalk bends downward. Soon the bananas are hanging with their points up. Bananas are always cut when they are green. If they stayed on the plant until they were ripe, they would burst open. Bananas must be carefully shipped so they don't ripen too fast. What happens last? The bananas ripen. The bananas are cut from the stalk. A bud forms on the banana stalk. The heavy fruit bends the stalk down. A Andy and his father were on their way to the grocery store. Andy looked out the window. Suddenly he said, "Look Dad! Look at that neat car." Andy's father turned to see a bright red sports car. "Yeah, son. That sure is a beauty." Andy spent the rest of the day trying to get his father to buy that kind of car for their family. His father laughed and explained that the car was much too small. "Where would everyone sit?" he asked Andy. The next day, Andy's father bought him a model of the red car. Andy was sorry that it wasn't the real car, but he put it together anyway. What happened right after Andy saw the red sports car? Andy tried to talk his father into buying the car. Andy put the model car together. Andy's father bought him a model car. Andy's father said that the car was too small. A When she looked out the window, Pam let out a joyful shout, "It's snowing, it's snowing!" She was excited because she could finally use her sled. She got dressed quickly, putting on her snowsuit, boots, and mittens. Then Pam went to the garage to get her sled. Pulling the sled behind her, Pam walked to the park. Many children were already whizzing down the snowy hill. She dragged the sled to the top of the hill and waited for her turn. Sitting on the sled, she gave herself a push with her feet. The cold wind felt good against her cheeks as she sped down the hill. What happened just before Pam got her sled from the garage? Pam took her sled to the park. Pam put on her snowsuit. Pam dragged her sled up the hill. Pam looked out the window. B A compass is a tool for showing directions. It is fun to see how a compass works by making one of your own. You need a needle, a magnet, a piece of cork, and a glass of water. First, rub the magnet along the needle, starting at the eye. Then push the needle into the piece of cork. Next, put the cork in a glass of water so that the needle rests on the top of the water. Make sure that you are not near a magnet or anything made of iron. Stand still and watch the eye of the needle. It will always point to the north. A compass can help you find your way if you get lost. What should you do first when making a compass? Push the needle into the cork. Watch the eye of the needle. Rub the magnet along the needle. Put the cork in a glass of water. C Cathy was walking home from school one day when she saw something shiny on the sidewalk. When she walked towards it, she realized it was a 50 cent piece. Cathy felt very fortunate to have found the money. She thought of all the things she could do with 50 cents. First she thought she might buy some candy. Then she decided she would use the money to play video games. Then she changed her mind again. She would put the money in her bank and save up for a record. Just then, her sister Debbie walked around the corner. Debbie spotted the 50 cent piece, picked it up, and put it in her pocket. What happened first? Debbie picked up the 50 cent piece. Cathy decided to buy candy with the money. Cathy decided to put the money in her bank. Cathy saw something shining on the sidewalk. D Would you like to grow a leafy frame around your kitchen window? You can do it if you have a little time and a sweet potato. Fill half a small jar with lukewarm water. Stick four toothpicks around the middle of the sweet potato. Put the potato into the glass so that just the bottom of the potato is wet. The toothpicks will hold most of the potato out of the water. In about two weeks, little green shoots will sprout out of the potato eyes. Soon the shoots will become a vine. The vine can be trained to grow up a string or wire. Before you know it, your window will have a pretty new frame. What is the first step? Put toothpicks into a sweet potato. Put water in a small jar. Train the vine to grow up the string. Watch the first green shoots appear. B ~ Tim's mother warned him not to eat too much pizza. "It will give you bad dreams,"~ she said. Later on, Tim didn't feel very well. He didn't want to tell his mother because he knew that she would scold him for eating too much pizza. So Tim went in his room to rest. Then Tim saw a giant pizza coming towards him. Tim ran as fast as he could, but the pizza was right behind him. The pizza was eating all of the buildings and trees in the city. Just then, Tim heard a loud noise. When he opened his eyes, he realized that he had been dreaming. Next time he would listen to his mother. The last sentence suggests that Tim will not eat too much pizza in one meal. never go to sleep right after eating. not watch any more monster movies. never eat pizza again. A Have you ever slept in a tent? Maybe you have gone camping with your family and helped to set up the tent. Or maybe you have pitched a tent in your back yard and invited your friends over to sleep all night. Some people live in their tents. In one part of Russia, people live in huge tents. The tents are about 35 feet across, and they weigh about 1400 pounds. When it is time to move, a dozen women get inside of the tent. They pick up the tent by the poles which hold it up. ~ Then they walk, carrying the tent to their new home.~ One of the good things about living in a tent is that it is warm in winter. it is so pretty inside. a tent can be moved from place to place. a tent is small. C Jack, Adam, and Alice were very happy that their Aunt Mary was coming for a visit. Her plane was late, so the children were in bed when she arrived. When they woke up in the morning, they couldn't wait to see Aunt Mary. But, she was still asleep. After awhile, the children became very impatient. They decided to take chairs into her room and wait for her to awaken. They lined up the chairs at the foot of the bed. Then they sat and waited very quietly. After a few minutes, Aunt Mary opened one eye. ~ She was shocked to see the three children staring at her.~ When Aunt Mary saw the children, she probably felt surprised. sad. lonely. lively. A Mrs. Daniels' third grade class was going on a field trip to the public library. She wanted her students to learn how to look for books. She also wanted them to learn how to act in a library. When they arrived, the children split up to look for books of their choice. Emily looked for a book about space travel. Vince looked for a book about snakes. ~ The children were very quiet.~ After the children found books that they wanted to check out, the librarian explained the rules of the library. When the children returned to the classroom, Mrs. Daniels told them how proud she was. Mrs. Daniels was probably proud because Vince had already finished his book about snakes. her class was the first class to go on a field trip. no one had checked out a book about cowboys. her students had behaved so well at the library. D I remember the day I finally made it. It was the summer after second grade. I got up early every morning so I could be at the park before everyone else. "Everyone can do it, Beth," my sister said. Well, she was right. Everyone but me could climb to the top of the swing set. I thought swinging my leg over the top bar was the hardest part. When I made it to the top,~ I found out that getting down was really the difficult part.~ I stayed there all morning, pretending I was really proud. My sister had to help me climb down at lunchtime. Beth probably stayed at the top of the swing set all morning because she wanted to show off. wanted to watch the other children play. couldn't climb down by herself. didn't want to eat lunch. C There are many different ways to get to school. Many children walk. Some ride the school bus. Some ride bicycles or are driven in carpools. If you lived in China, you might ride to school in a wheelbarrow. A wheelbarrow is a small two-wheeled cart that is pushed along by one person. ~ There are other children who have to cross a shallow river to get to their school each day. They walk to school on stilts.~ Stilts are high sticks that lift you above the ground when you walk on them. It takes a lot of practice to learn to balance yourself while walking on stilts. Do you wish you could try? The children walk to school on stilts because they don't have wheelbarrows. to keep their feet dry. because they haven't learned to ride bicycles. when the carpool doesn't pick them up. B Amy's feelings were hurt. Her older brother and cousins had gone to Back Bay without including her. So, she decided to spy on them. She heard them laughing in the distance. Josh was standing on a tree stump on the hill. He held on to a long rope. When he jumped from the stump, he swung out over the water. Then he let go and made a big splash in the water. Everyone took turns jumping for awhile. Amy wanted to take her turn. She walked over to the stump. Amy's brother asked, "What are you doing here?" ~ But her cousin Sherry asked him to let Amy try jumping from the stump.~ We can tell that Amy's cousin Sherry is shy. selfish. smart. kind. D Every Thanksgiving, I looked forward to breaking the wishbone with my Uncle Frank. ~ He would brag all day about how he was going to get the bigger piece.~ He would ask me over and over, "Are you sure you want to try again this year? You know I am a naturally lucky guy. I'm Irish you know." He was right about being lucky. Uncle Frank had gotten the bigger piece ever since I could remember. After dinner, everyone gathered around the table to watch us. I closed my eyes and pulled. When I opened my eyes, I saw that I had gotten the bigger piece. Uncle Frank's natural luck had run out! From this story we can tell that Uncle Frank was sure he would win. a sore loser. a big eater. unfriendly. A Have you ever tried to eat your dinner with chopsticks? Chopsticks are two narrow sticks a little longer than a pencil. They can be made of wood, plastic, bamboo, or ivory. Many Chinese, Korean, and Japanese people use chopsticks. ~ You must move one chopstick toward the other to pick up your food.~ Be careful not to cross the chopsticks. If you do, the food will drop. The food is cut into small pieces before it is served. With a little practice, you'll soon be able to enjoy eating with chopsticks. You may not even miss your knife and fork! Chopsticks are like forks because they are both made of wood. they are both used to pick up food for eating. only Chinese people use them. they are used to cut food into small pieces. B The school year was half over when Mrs. Lee made her decision. She asked the students to sit in different groups for the rest of the year. Mrs. Lee explained that she wanted the children to get to know everyone in the class. This wouldn't happen if the students sat only with their friends. After everyone moved, Sergio had to sit by Lance Kirk. Sergio was sure that sitting next to Lance would be dull. During art class, Sergio noticed that Lance could draw very well. He watched Lance draw pictures of rockets. ~ When he asked Lance to show him how to draw rockets, Lance was happy to help.~ The last sentence suggests that Sergio does not like to draw. Lance knows that Sergio thinks he is boring. Sergio and Lance might become friends. Sergio could draw rockets better than Lance. C Kelly's father called to her from the car. "Hurry up, Kelly. If we're late we aren't going to be able to watch batting practice." Kelly was busy searching for her mitt. ~ She always took it with her to baseball games.~ She finally found it under the bed. When they arrived at the ballpark, batting practice was over. But, Kelly looked forward to watching the game. In the last inning, a high fly ball was hit towards the bleachers. In fact, it was heading right for Kelly. ~ She held up her mitt and closed her eyes. She caught it!~ After the game, an usher took her to get the home run ball signed. Kelly probably took her mitt to the games to show it to her friends. in case she ever needed to catch a fly ball. so her brother wouldn't use it while she was gone. so she could get it signed by the baseball players. B We used to have our secret club meetings every Saturday morning. We met in an old treehouse that some neighborhood kids didn't use anymore. I guess we didn't really talk about secret stuff, but we did have a private password. To get into the treehouse, you had to knock three times and say "swordfish." ~ T. J. always forgot the password.~ He would knock three times and say, "Gee guys, I forgot the password." We would all groan and let him in anyway. We had to let him in because he always brought the food. T. J. would always bring some of his mother's fudge brownies. From this story, we can tell that T. J. is the president of the club. very forgetful. afraid to climb trees. very popular. B If there was one job Sam tried to avoid, it was giving the dog a bath. Sam's family had a large English Sheepdog named Winston. Winston was a good dog, as long as he wasn't getting a bath. Sam usually gave Winston a bath in a big washtub in the backyard. He filled it with soap and water and called for Winston. When Winston saw the tub, he would run away. When Sam finally got Winston in the tub, the dog would shake and splash water all over Sam. ~ Sam thought that giving Winston a bath was almost as bad as taking a bath himself.~ From this story, we can tell Sam doesn't like to take baths. Sam doesn't like dogs. Winston is a good watch dog. Winston is afraid to swim. A An elephant's trunk is an amazing tool. It can be used to do several different things. For example, an elephant uses its trunk like a spoon to pick up food. If an elephant needs to dig for something, it can use its trunk like a garden spade. An elephant's trunk can also be used like a hose. When an elephant is hot or dirty, it can spray itself with water. If an elephant is hungry, its trunk finds food by smelling for it. An elephant can pick up things with its trunk. ~ It can pick up something as small as a pin, or it can uproot a tree.~ The last sentence suggests that an elephant's trunk is gray. old. strong. useless. C Brandon was really excited. He had gotten all of his spelling words right on the test. He ran home to tell his mother the good news. "Mom, look! I got the best grade in the class! I am such a good speller that I think that's what I'll be when I grow up." Brandon's sister Carol was sitting at the kitchen table. She said, "That's stupid. You can't be a speller when you grow up." Brandon looked very sad, so his mother explained,~ "Being a good speller is not a job, but it is important in many jobs.~ You'll have a head start. Keep studying your spelling words." When Brandon's mother said, "You'll have a head start", she meant that being a good speller would help Brandon when he was grown up. Brandon was a better speller than his sister. Brandon would not do well on his next spelling test. good spellers always get the best jobs. A Her perfume smelled strong and flowery. It smelled like the kind my Aunt Louise used to wear. When she looked at me, her glasses slipped down further on her pointed nose. I thought she looked like the Wicked Witch of the West. She cleared her throat and looked down at me again. It was as if she could tell what I was thinking. ~ I wished that I was not all alone in the elevator with her.~ When we finally reached the ground floor, the elevator door opened. A little boy ran up to her and shouted, "Grandma!" I guess she wasn't so bad after all. When the elevator finally reached the ground floor, the author probably was afraid. relieved. angry. disappointed. B Have you ever written a letter to the President of the United States? Each week,~ the President receives between three and four thousand letters from elementary school children. Some common questions asked in these letters are: "How many pets live at the White House?", "How many gates are there at the White House?", and "What do you and your family eat?"~ When Lyndon Johnson was President, he wrote a little book to send to children who had questions. His book included facts about the White House and the First Family. The author suggests that many children are curious about the life of the First Family. President Johnson did not like the children's letters. the President receives many thank you notes from children. there are no pets allowed in the White House. A Becky loved to listen to her grandfather tell stories. He would talk about how he invited her grandmother to go on their first date. He also told her about the time he and some friends caught the biggest fish in Miller's Pond. "It took all four of us to drag it out of the water," he would say. ~ He told the same stories over and over again. But Becky didn't mind. ~ She liked how his eyes lit up when he talked about his first ride on a ferris wheel. She liked to imagine what her grandfather was like when he was a young boy. Becky was sure he had been a fun-loving child. From this story, we can tell that Becky doesn't know very much about fishing. is afraid to ride on a ferris wheel. is a good listener. has never heard her grandfather's stories before. C When you check out a book from the library, you must return it soon. Usually you can keep it for two weeks. You bring it back to the library so that someone else may read it. ~ If you keep the book too long, you have to pay a fine of a few cents a day. ~ One time a boy found a very old book on the bookshelf in his father's den. He looked at the library card in the front of the book. The book had been checked out of the library 145 years before! The boy took the book back to the library. He found that the fine for a book overdue for 145 years was $2,646. Library fines are needed to get people to read more books. keep the books clean. pay for the library cards. get people to bring books back on time. D Tommy looked down at his feet as he walked home. He was disappointed because he had to be a banana in the school play. The play was about the four basic food groups. "A banana! Who wants to be a banana anyway?" he asked his mother. Tommy's mother told him that bananas are important foods. ~ "Yeah, but they don't get to say anything in the school play. I wanted to be a vegetable."~ His mother smiled and said, "Well maybe you'll be one next year. You could practice by eating all of the vegetables on your plate." Tommy sighed, and began eating his string beans. Tommy probably wanted to be a vegetable in the school play because the vegetables had the best costumes. vegetables were his favorite food. all of his friends were playing vegetables. the vegetables had lines to say. D On January 31, 1961, a 150-pound chimp named Ham was a passenger aboard a Redstone rocket. The rocket flew 155 miles into the sky. Then it splashed down into the Atlantic Ocean. Ham was very famous for his voyage. He appeared on the front page of newspapers and magazines all over the world. Everyone wanted to see the chimp that had flown in a rocket. Today, Ham lives in Washington, D.C. at the National Zoo. But he no longer enjoys such fame. Now Ham is only the fifth most popular animal in the zoo. This passage is mainly about the voyage of the Redstone rocket. the most popular animals at the National Zoo. Ham's new home. a chimp that was famous for awhile. D The show was about to begin. My friend was playing an Indian chief in the story of Thanksgiving. She had been practicing for many weeks. The curtain went up, and I saw her standing with her arms crossed. She was wearing a colorful costume. I held my breath when it was her turn to say her lines. She did a wonderful job. Then she was supposed to present some corn to the Pilgrims. When she walked across the stage, she tripped and fell over somebody's foot. The audience gasped. But, my friend showed she was a true actress by getting up and continuing with the play. This story is mainly about the story of Thanksgiving. the clothing worn by the Indians. watching a friend perform in a school play. the food eaten at the first Thanksgiving. C When Ben Hogan was twelve years old, his father died. Ben wanted to help his family by earning some money, so he got a job as a golf caddy. Ben wanted to learn as much as he could about golf, so he asked the players a lot of questions. He practiced playing golf whenever he got the chance. When he had saved enough money, Ben went on the road to play in golf tournaments. For many years, he played in tournaments without winning much money. But in 1953, his luck changed. It was then that Ben Hogan became the first man to win three major golf tournaments in one year. This passage is mainly about Ben Hogan's job as a caddy. the best golfers of the 1950's. how Ben Hogan became a great golfer. the game of golf. C The puppy was almost hit by a car as it scampered across the street. When I picked it up, I could tell that it was scared. I took the puppy home and gave it some food and water. The puppy thanked me by licking my face. I decided to ask my father if I could keep the puppy. I would name it Scottie. My father came into the room and asked, "Well, what have we here?" I asked him if I could keep Scottie. He said that I'd have to put an ad in the lost and found section of the newpaper. If no one came to claim Scottie, I could keep him. This story is mainly about finding a lost puppy. putting an ad in the newspaper. the best way to take care of a puppy. what puppies like to eat. A Have you ever seen a bug light up like a flashlight? What you probably saw was a firefly. The fireflies in the eastern part of the United States light up at night. Most of the western fireflies do not light up. The firefly is the state insect of Tennessee and Pennsylvania. Although it is called a firefly, it is really a type of beetle. A special mixture of chemicals causes a firefly's body to light up. This light gets the attention of other fireflies. Toads love to eat fireflies. If a toad eats a lot of fireflies, you might see his stomach glowing. This passage is mostly about toads. flashlights. fireflies. state insects. C Last week our school had a room decorating contest. We decided to fix up our room to look like a jungle. We hung leaves and vines from the ceiling. Bobby Pearson brought his stuffed monkey and tied its arm to one of the vines. We drew pictures of lions, tigers, elephants, and giraffes on the chalkboard. Laurie and I were in charge of the sound effects. We recorded some jungle sounds from a movie on television and played the tape in the classroom. All the students and teachers visited our room. Some of them screamed when they saw the plastic snake hanging from a vine. This story mainly tells about using a tape recorder to play jungle sounds. a classroom decorated as a jungle. the winners of the room decorating contest. students who were scared by a plastic snake. B The home of the President of the United States has not always been called the White House. In fact, the White House has not always been white. When the building was built in 1792, it was called the President's House. The house was designed by James Hoban and made out of gray stone. During the War of 1812, the house was burned by British troops that invaded Washington. When the house was rebuilt, the smoke stains from the fire had to be concealed. So, the stone walls were painted white. Since then, it has been called the White House. This passage mainly tells about how the White House got its name. the invasion of the British in 1812. why the White House was rebuilt. the many buildings designed by James Hoban. A Teresa and Charlotte loved to visit their grandfather in New York. He lived in a big skyscraper. The girls had to ride in an elevator to get to his apartment. They would push all the buttons when nobody was looking. Then the elevator would stop at every floor. Teresa and Charlotte would giggle until they thought they'd burst. Their grandfather realized what they were up to, but he never said anything. Sometimes he would let them ride in the elevators alone. They would offer to go down to the lobby to get the mail. But he knew they just wanted to play in the elevators. This story is mainly about the skyscrapers in New York. two children who liked riding in elevators. how Teresa and Charlotte fooled their grandfather. the way an elevator works. B Animals protect themselves from danger in many different ways. Skunks spray their enemies with a bad odor. So, most animals and people learn to stay away from skunks. If an octopus is in danger, it squirts black ink into the water. The octopus can then hide behind the ink to avoid its enemy. A crab can protect itself in two ways. If you try to pick up a crab, it will probably pinch you. But, if you pick up a crab by its leg, it might drop its leg. That's right, a crab can drop its leg if it is in danger! The crab can then grow a new leg to replace the one it left behind. What is the main idea of this passage? A crab has two ways of protecting itself. Different animals protect themselves in different ways. Skunks protect themselves by spraying their enemies. An octopus squirts black ink into the water. B My brother Neil ran into the kitchen with a frightened look on his face. His teacher had asked each student in the class to collect some bugs in a jar. "What am I going to do, Liz? I'm afraid of bugs!" he shouted. I told him I would help with the collection. We found an old jar, poked some holes in the lid, and went outside. I pointed at a grasshopper that hopped across the lawn. Neil refused to touch it. I picked it up for him and put it in the jar. As he watched it hop inside the jar, he became more and more interested. I pointed at a beetle crawling across the patio. Neil said he'd pick it up himself. Which sentence tells the most about this story? Neil was afraid of bugs. Neil watched the grasshopper in the jar. Liz and her brother collected bugs. Neil picked up the beetle. C Almost everyone has tried whistling just for the fun of it. But some people are very serious about whistling. For example, some natives of the Canary Islands talk to each other by whistling instead of using words. They are dependent on whistling as a way to communicate. Other people consider whistling to be a great talent. There are contests held to see who is the best whistler. For the past eight years, the best whistlers have competed in the International Whistle-off. The whistlers use their tongues, throats, hands, and fingers to play all kinds of melodies. What is the main idea of this passage? Some people are serious about whistling. People whistle for different reasons. The best whistlers compete in contests. Some people use their hands to whistle. B Did you know that a pearl starts out as a grain of sand? When a grain of sand gets inside an oyster shell, it irritates the oyster's soft body. So, the oyster covers the grain of sand with a layer of the shiny material that lines the inside of its shell. This material is called mother-of-pearl. The oyster continues to cover the sand with many layers of mother-of-pearl. After some time passes, a little ball forms. This ball is called a pearl. Pearls are very valuable because they are difficult to find. It is hard to believe that something so beautiful was once just a grain of sand. This passage mainly tells about how a pearl is made. why a grain of sand irritates an oyster's body. things made of mother-of-pearl. the material inside of an oyster's shell. A Although it only about eight inches long, the bullfrog has an amazing appetite. It usually feeds on small things such as insects, worms, snails, and crayfish. Sometimes a bullfrog will eat larger things such as mice, small birds, and snakes. A bullfrog once ate a snake that was seventeen inches long. The snake was more than twice as long as the bullfrog! A bullfrog captures its food by waiting quietly and then leaping up at the prey. As it leaps, its tongue flies out and wraps around its prey. The bullfrog's powerful back legs allow it to leap more than three feet. What is the main idea of this passage? A bullfrog once ate a seventeen-inch snake. The bullfrog can leap over three feet. The bullfrog usually eats insects and worms. The bullfrog is a small creature with a large appetite. D A house was being built next door to Walter's house. Every day he watched the house grow and change. First the builders made a wooden frame for the house. Then they filled in the frame with more wood. Walter heard the pounding of their hammers all day long. After awhile, the builders put in the doors and windows. For many days, Walter heard a lot of pounding and drilling. Walter's brother told him that the workers were putting in the wires and pipes. By the end of the summer, the house was ready to be painted. Walter had enjoyed watching the birth of the house. This story mostly tells how a house is painted. why new houses are built. how one house was built. who will move into the new house. C A dolphin is a very active animal. It usually lives for about 30 years. Dolphins sleep for only a few moments at a time. Because of the shape of their mouths, dolphins look like they are smiling constantly. They are gentle and playful mammals. They are also very bright. Dolphins can imitate the patterns of human speech. They speak out of the blowhole at the top of their heads. This blowhole is for breathing, but clicks and whistles can be heard from it too. Dolphins are very fast mammals. They can glide through the water at 30 miles an hour. This passage mainly tells how dolphins can speak. why dolphins can swim so fast. some facts about dolphins. how long dolphins live. C Professional football is played in the fall and winter, but what do the players do during the rest of the year? Well, they spend the hot summer months at training camps. During training, the players live at nearby dormitories or hotels. They begin their workout every day after breakfast. A team captain or assistant coach leads them in exercises. The players run in place, do sit-ups and push-ups, and many other exercises. Then they work with weights to build their strength. Many coaches hold meetings after the morning workout. This passage is mainly about training camps for football players. why football players need to exercise. what football players eat for breakfast. what football players do in the spring. A Many years ago, penguins were six feet tall and could fly as well as any other birds. But today, most penguins are less than three feet tall and cannot fly. Because penguins lived in very cold places like the North and South Poles, they did not have very many enemies. Penguins could safely spend their time on land. As the years went on, penguins did not use their wings for flying. So the wings became small and stiff. But these old wings are not useless. Today, penguins use these wings as paddles. Over the years, penguins have become very good swimmers. What is the main idea of this passage? Penguins use their wings as paddles. Cold weather is good for penguins. Penguins of today are different from penguins that lived long ago. Penguins were once six feet tall. C There are many reasons why people dress in costumes. Actors and actresses use costumes to help them play a role. On Halloween, children sometimes dress as goblins, monsters, and ghosts. This is because people long ago believed that ghosts roamed around on the night of October 31st. In Austria, people dress in costumes hoping to change the weather. Just before Lent begins, they dress in costumes, dance in the streets, and make as much noise as possible. They hope that the costumes and all the noise will scare the winter away and make room for spring. What is the main idea of this passage? People dress up in costumes for many reasons. Wearing a scary mask will frighten the winter away. Some people believed that ghosts roamed around on Halloween. It is fun to dress up in scary costumes. A Many years ago, people did not use dollar bills and coins to buy things. Instead of buying and selling things, people traded them. For example, someone might have traded some grain for animal fur. But trading was not always easy. People were not always willing to trade things and some items were very troublesome to carry. So the first kind of money was developed. People in different parts of the world used different types of money. American Indians used pieces of shells to buy things. In South America, cocoa beans were used as money. Today, most money is in the form of paper bills and metal coins. Which sentence tells the most about the passage? There have been many ways to buy things in our history. Cocoa beans were once used as money in South America. American Indians used pieces of shells as money. Long ago, people traded grain for animal fur. A Have you ever carved a pumpkin for Halloween? It is fun, but it's not easy. Well, try to imagine carving a pumpkin under water. Every year, The Dive Shop sponsors an underwater pumpkin carving contest. Young scuba divers put on heavy gear and take their pumpkins under water. Then, using diver's knives, they create jack-o-lanterns. The divers wear gloves, so it is hard for them to move their hands. It takes a great deal of patience and cooperation to do the job. But, the divers always come up with great jack-o-lanterns. The contest helps the divers learn to work together under water. Which sentence tells most about the passage? Divers need to learn to work together under water. Carving pumpkins for Halloween is fun. Scuba divers must wear heavy gear under water. Carving pumpkins under water is a challenge. D Going to the movies is a favorite activity for many of today's young people. For Junior Mamoe, an eleven-year-old boy, going to the movies was quite a habit. Junior actually went to see the movie "Rocky" 77 times. ~ After Junior had seen it 50 times, the theater manager decided to let him in free.~ The theater wasn't losing money though. In one day, Junior bought one hot dog, three soft drinks, three chocolate sundaes, and a box of popcorn at the food stand. It seems that eating snacks at the movies was also quite a habit for Junior. The manager let Junior in free after Junior had seen "Rocky" 50 times. because Junior was his nephew. when Junior had been to 50 movies at the theater. because Junior helped the manager take tickets. A The attic was full of old boxes. Jill was very curious about what was in the boxes. She looked behind her to see if anyone was coming. Then she opened the large box in the corner. There was a lot of dust in the box, and it made her sneeze. The box was full of old bottles and jars. They were all various colors. Then Jill opened the next box. There were many old photographs in it. ~ Jill did not know anyone in the photographs, so she went on to look in the next box.~ It was a small box with a handle. When Jill opened it, she saw a beautiful violin. She wondered whose it was. What did Jill not find in the boxes? bottles and jars a beautiful violin dust a photograph of her mother D One of the highest honors for an athlete is winning a medal at the Olympics. Many athletes dream of the chance to compete for a gold medal. The athlete who has won the most Olympic medals is a woman. A Russian gymnast named Larisa Latynina has won a total of 18 medals at the Olympics. In 1956, she won four gold medals, a silver medal, and a bronze medal. ~ At the following Olympic competition in 1960, Larisa won three gold medals, two silver ones, and a bronze medal.~ Larisa was a star again in the 1964 Olympics. This time she won two of each kind of medal. How many silver medals did Larisa win in 1960? none one two six C ~ Roger was awakened by a loud thump.~ Then he heard a moaning noise. He was sure a monster had gotten into his bedroom. Roger began to imagine what the monster would look like. He thought it would be very hairy, and it would only have one eye. Roger heard the moaning noise again. This time he got up the courage to look over at his brother's bed. His brother was gone! Roger was sure that the monster had eaten his brother. But the monster was nowhere to be seen. Then Roger saw his brother Mark lying on the floor. The loud noise was only Mark falling out of bed--again. Roger woke up when he heard a loud noise. because he had a bad dream. when a hairy monster came into his room. because he fell out of bed. A For people who don't have families, being in the hospital can be a very lonely time. That is why a hospital in Rockford, Illinois is letting pets visit their owners. The animals are brought to a special "pet room" where their owners can see and play with them. ~ Some doctors feel that a visit by a pet cheers up the patient and helps him to get well faster.~ So far, all of the animal visitors have been dogs. One eighty-five-year-old patient felt much better after a visit from her Doberman. Another patient was cheered up by her English Sheepdog puppy, Sandy. According to this story, some doctors believe that a visit from a pet could help the patient feel better. only dogs can cheer up patients. all hospitals must have pet rooms. pets should be allowed to stay in the patient's room. A Randy's family went to Wisconsin for a vacation every winter. ~ Since Randy lived in Florida, he was always excited about the chance to play in the snow.~ Although Randy always had a good time with his cousins in Wisconsin, he was disappointed when it didn't snow. He felt positive that it would snow this year. On the last day of his vacation, Randy's wish came true. It had snowed three feet during the night. Randy's cousins showed him how to make an angel in the snow. When Randy returned to Florida, he tried to make an angel in the sand, but it just wasn't the same. Randy's family lived next door to his cousins. in Wisconsin. in a cold climate. in a warm climate. D The game of bowling has been around for thousands of years. In ancient times, the pins were actually pointed stones and the ball was a round rock. The game most similar to modern bowling started in Germany. It was played with as many as 17 pins. By the 1800's, bowling with nine pins had become a very popular game. ~ Because so many people enjoyed betting on nine-pin bowling, the game was outlawed in some places.~ In order to get around the law, people started bowling with ten pins. Today, more than 40 million people enjoy ten-pin bowling. Nine-pin bowling was outlawed because it was too dangerous. many people bet on the game. the game was supposed to be played with ten pins. people spent too much time playing the game. B I was sitting on the sofa listening to the grown-ups talk. I think they were discussing the elections. Anyway, they weren't paying attention to me. I looked up at a painting that hung above the rocking chair. It was a nice painting of a park with trees and a winding path. The path faded away toward the back of the park, but I could tell it went much further. There was probably a carnival close by, with a merry-go-round and a ferris wheel. ~ If you walked even further down the path, I'm sure you would see a man selling ice cream.~ And I'm sure that he would be selling chocolate ice cream. All of these things were really in the painting except trees. a man selling ice cream. a path. a park. B Recently, some animals at the San Diego Zoo have been resting comfortably--on water beds. ~ The mattresses on these water beds are made of very thin metal so the animals will not poke holes in them.~ Water beds are good places for female animals to have their babies. The warmth of the beds helps keep the babies healthy. Some adult animals that enjoy sleeping on water beds are lizards, monkeys, and leopards. Can you picture a leopard stretched out on water bed? You can actually order a water bed from the San Diego Zoo for your own pet. Which statement about the animal water beds is true? They are filled with very cold water. The mattresses are made of metal. They are only big enough for baby animals. They are not used in zoos. B A camel's body helps it to survive in the desert. Long eyelashes protect a camel's eyes from blowing sand. Camels can also close their nostrils to keep the sand out. There is very little water in the desert. Camels are able to survive for many days without drinking water. There is one instance of a group of camels surviving for 34 days without water. When they do find water, camels can drink 27 gallons of water in ten minutes. ~ A camel stores fat in its hump. This fat is a supply of energy.~ A camel's coat helps protect it from the heat of the day and the cold of the desert nights. Which of these statements about a camel is false? Its hump stores water. Its eyelashes protect its eyes from sand. Its coat keeps it warm on cold nights. It can close its nostrils. A Most people think that Henry Ford invented the automobile. However, other men had already built cars by the end of the 1800's. But Henry Ford was the one man who made it possible for many Americans to own cars. ~ He figured out how to make a lot of cars for less money.~ His first Model A cost $850 and went up to 30 miles an hour. By 1913, Ford was using an assembly line in a factory to make the cars. The cost of the Model A went down to $360. Many people could afford that price. The Model A was a very popular car. Henry Ford became the world's most successful car maker. How did Henry Ford make it possible for many Americans to own cars? He made more cars for less money. He opened factories in many of America's big cities. He invented a car that went up to 30 miles an hour. He gave away cars for free. A Do you ever get tired of all the commercials on TV? Most people do. But television is one of the best places for a company to advertise its product. Almost every home in the United States contains a television set. Half of these homes have at least two television sets. So, a company can be confident that millions of people hear about a product each time its commercial is shown on TV. ~ These companies pay a great deal of money to advertise their products.~ This money makes it possible for us to watch our favorite programs. Which of these statements about television advertising is false? Television advertising is very cheap. Most people get tired of watching commercials. Advertising on TV is a good way to sell products. Television advertising helps pay for our favorite TV shows. A ~ Maura thought the field looked like a stormy sea. The wind was blowing and causing the wheat to sway like the waves in an ocean.~ She was glad to be safe and warm inside. Then she saw a dark cloud coming towards the farm. It was shaped like an ice cream cone. That cloud might be a tornado! Her teacher had told the class that the basement was the safest place during a tornado. So, Maura found her little brother and took him down to the basement. Maura's mother came home after the storm had stopped. She was thankful that Maura had known the right thing to do. Maura thought that the wheat field looked like a dark cloud. an ice cream cone. a calm lake. a wavy ocean. D One of the first bicycles was invented in 1817. It wasn't really called a bicycle, but it had two wheels and a seat. It was called the dandy horse. ~ The dandy horse had no pedals.~ The rider had to push himself by kicking the ground with one foot and then the other. In 1865, pedals and cranks were attached to the front wheel of the dandy horse. The frame was made of wood, and the wheels were made of iron. So, a ride on this early bicycle was very rough. By 1868, bicycle tires were made of rubber. This made riding a bicycle much more fun. The dandy horse did not have wheels. a frame. a seat. pedals. D People build fires for many reasons. ~ Sometimes we build a fire to keep warm. Other times we cook our meals over an open fire. ~ Some people build a fire just to enjoy watching the flames. ~ In some countries, people build fires so that they can jump over the embers when the fire dies down.~ On Christmas Eve in Syria, some families stand around a fire and tell stories. Then, when the fire dies down, they make a wish as they jump over the embers. In France and Norway, some people believe that if you jump over the embers, your crops will grow as high as you jump. Which one is not a reason for building a fire? cooking jumping over the embers harvesting crops keeping warm C Have you ever seen a plane writing in the sky? For several years, planes have been able to spell out messages by flying in the shape of letters and numbers. The smoke that comes out of the plane writes the message in the sky. Today, skywriting has become more like skytyping. A computer controls the release of smoke from the plane to form letters made up of dots. ~ The plane does not have to fly in circles.~ So skytyping is much faster. One letter can be "typed" in two seconds. And only one plane is needed to skytype a message. Which of these statements about skytyping is false? Skytyping is a lot faster than skywriting. A plane that is skytyping must fly in circles. A letter can be typed in two seconds. Only one plane is needed to skytype a message. B The cheetah is a member of the big cat family. Adult cheetahs usually stand about three feet high and weigh about 100 pounds. The big cat has very long legs for its body. These long legs help it to be the fastest mammal on land. A cheetah was once clocked running 71 miles per hour. In the 1920's, cheetahs ran against greyhounds at a London racetrack. The cheetahs and the greyhounds chased hares around the track. ~ The cheetahs are not very good sports. They decided to quit after they failed to catch the hare in the first race.~ Fans at the London racetrack discovered that cheetahs were much faster than greyhounds. cheetahs did not like to chase hares. greyhounds were much better runners than cheetahs. cheetahs were poor sports. D Roasting marshmallows over an open fire has always been a favorite activity for campers. Marshmallows are also used to make other kinds of candy. ~ Today, marshmallows are made from sugar, corn syrup, gelatin, and egg whites.~ But at one time, this fluffy candy was made from a plant called the marshmallow. The marshmallow plant is a member of the mallow plant family. There are 900 different kinds of mallow plants. Perfume, cotton, glue, and flowers are just a few other things that are made from mallow plants. Today's marshmallows come from the marshmallow plant. are used to make glue. are made with sugar, eggs, corn syrup, and gelatin. come from 900 different kinds of mallow plants. C What would you do with a bunch of old car parts? Most people would throw them away. But Jim Gary uses them to make dinosaur models. ~ The car parts take the place of dinosaur bones.~ Jim digs through piles of junk to find the right parts. After he cleans the parts, he puts them together to look like a dinosaur. Jim has studied dinosaurs, so his models look very real. Some of the largest dinosaurs are made up of 500 parts from ten different cars. The model dinosaurs look so real that a few of them are kept in museums. Jim's models help people imagine how dinosaurs looked. Which statement is false? The models are made from old parts of cars. Some of the models are in museums. Jim also uses old bones to make his models. The models look very real. C When you think of a cardinal, you probably think of a bright red bird. The cardinal is best known by its bright red feathers. But cardinals are also gifted songbirds. They sing nearly all year around. The male starts singing in the winter months when the ground is still covered with snow. The female joins him in March, and the beautiful cardinal song can be heard as late as November or December. One cardinal song has been described as sounding like a person calling a dog. ~ Another song, called the subsong, is heard during February and March. This is the mating season of the cardinal.~ The subsong is never sung by the female cardinal. heard during the cardinals' mating season. sung in the summer months. a song that sounds like a person calling a dog. B Patty decided to run for class president. First she made some posters which said "Patty for President." She showed the posters to her older sister June. Her sister liked the posters, but she advised Patty to write a speech. "The speech should explain to your classmates why you would be the best president," June said. Patty asked June to help her with the speech. The next day, the students running for president were allowed to give speeches during recess. Patty stood on the picnic table and read her s  !"#$%&'(peech. The students cheered when Patty promised to ask for more field trips. What happened after Patty made her speech? Patty made some posters. The students cheered for Patty. Patty decided to run for class president. June told Patty to write a speech. B I remember the day our new neighbors moved in next door. The house had been empty for a long time, and we had been using the yard for a baseball diamond. We weren't too happy about not being able to use it anymore. Sitting on my front porch, we watched the movers carry boxes through the front door. Then a girl about our age walked up the stairs carrying a huge box. "Yeah, just what I thought. A dumb old girl is moving in there," Joey said. But when I looked closer, I saw what was in her box--a baseball bat and glove! "She's a baseball fan," I said. "Maybe she'll want to play in their yard." What happened first? The author saw a baseball bat and glove in his new neighbor's box. The boys watched the movers carry boxes. Joey noticed that the new neighbor was a girl. The author hoped his neighbor would want to play baseball in her yard. B Collecting stickers has become a popular hobby for young people. The idea for these stickers probably came from seals once used to fasten envelopes. Hallmark Cards makes about seven and a half million stickers each day. It takes from four to eighteen months to make a new sticker. First, an artist designs a sheet of stickers. Then, these stickers are printed on a huge printing press. After that, a special glue is put on the back of the sheet of stickers. Finally, a machine cuts around the stickers so they can be peeled off easily. What happens before the stickers are printed? They are designed by an artist. A machine cuts around the stickers. Glue is spread on the back of the sheet of stickers. They are put on the envelopes. A Bobby pressed his face against the store window. The price tag on the caboose still said $15.00. Bobby was hoping that it would go on sale, because he had only been able to save ten dollars. As he turned away, the storekeeper opened the door. "I've seen you eyeing that old caboose for a long time now. Are you interested in buying it?" he asked. Bobby explained that he didn't have enough money. Then the storekeeper offered him a deal. "If you help me clean out my back room, I'll let you have the caboose for ten dollars." Bobby quickly agreed to the offer. What happened right after Bobby said he needed more money? The storekeeper asked Bobby to help him with some cleaning. Bobby saw that the price of the caboose had not changed. Bobby agreed to help the storekeeper. The storekeeper opened the door. A Faye heard her brothers whispering in the hall. She decided to see what they were up to. She heard Kevin say, "Then you'll sneak in and put the snake in her sleeping bag." Faye was furious. Her brothers were making plans to scare her friends at the slumber party tonight. Well, now that she knew about their plans, she'd be ready for them. When her friends arrived for the slumber party, Faye told them about her brothers' plans to scare them. The girls agreed to pretend to go to sleep early. When the boys tried to sneak into the living room, the girls jumped up and surprised them. What happened right after Faye's friends arrived for the party? Faye told her friends about the boys' plans. Faye heard her brothers whispering in the hall. The girls agreed to pretend to go to sleep. The girls jumped up and surprised the boys. A In the distance, I heard the music of the ice cream truck. I dropped the hose and ran into the house to get some change. I looked in all my pockets and came up with 50 cents. I had enough to get a chocolate rocket. When the dog saw that I had some ice cream, he jumped up to greet me. The dog was so excited that he knocked me down. My chocolate rocket flew out of my hands and into a mud puddle. I was furious. When I yelled at the dog, he looked sincerely sorry. I remembered how I felt when I spilled cherry soda on my aunt's white tablecloth, so I gave the dog a forgiving pat. What happened right after the author heard the ice cream truck? The author forgave the dog. The author bought a chocolate rocket. The ice cream flew into a puddle. The author went into the house to look for money. D A good baseball player can often play more than one position. In 1965, the owner of the Kansas City team decided to attract more fans by having Bert Campaneris play every position in a single game. Bert started the game playing shortstop. In the second inning he played second base. He then changed to a third baseman in the third inning. During the next three innings, he played in the three outfield positions. He was the first baseman in the seventh inning, and the pitcher in the eighth. Bert finished an amazing game by playing catcher in the ninth inning. What position did Bert play after he was the pitcher? catcher second base outfield first base A Mary and David wanted to make cookies for the school bake sale. They decided that chocolate chip cookies would be the most popular. Mary mixed together the butter, sugar, and eggs. Then David added the vanilla and water. Next, Mary sifted the flour and added salt to it. David added the flour and salt mixture to the batter. Then David asked Mary to preheat the oven while he greased the cookie sheets. When the first batch of cookies came out of the oven, they were very flat. The children realized that neither of them had put in the baking soda. So they added baking soda to the batter and tried again. What happened right after Mary mixed together the butter, sugar, and eggs? The children realized they had forgotten the baking soda. Mary preheated the oven. David added the flour mixture to the batter. David added the vanilla and water to the batter. D When Sonja Henie was six years old, she got a pair of ice skates for Christmas. She loved to skate and she practiced for many hours each day. When she was 14, Sonja won a national championship in figure skating. Soon after that, she won second place in the world championship. Sonja went to the Olympics three times, and won each time. Then she decided to use her skating talent to earn money. She skated in movies and ice shows all over the world. Sonja Henie was the first female athlete to earn a million dollars. After Sonja skated in the Olympics, she won a national championship. skated in movies and ice shows. decided to quit skating. took second place in the world championship. B Steve frowned as he stared out the window. It was a very warm July day, and he couldn't join the children playing in the sprinkler. He looked down at the enormous cast on his leg and let out a sigh. His uncle had said that if you thought about warm things like sunshine and hot chocolate and mittens, you would feel warmer. Steve hoped this method might work to help him feel cooler, so he thought about ice cream and snowflakes. Then he had a great idea. He decided to make paper snowflakes like those he had made in school. Steve soon forgot about how hot it was in the house. What happened after Steve made paper snowflakes? Steve forgot how hot he was. Steve looked out the window. Steve thought about cold things. Steve remembered some advice his uncle had given him. A After dinner, Carol's family went into the living room. Her Uncle Ron brought out an old family photo album. All the grown-ups laughed as they looked through it. Carol wanted to see what was so funny. She saw pictures of her father and uncles when they were very young. They looked very different and wore funny clothes. Carol asked her grandmother why she had permitted her children to wear such awful clothes. Her grandmother explained that the style of clothes had been different in those days. Then she took Carol to the attic to show her some of the old clothes they had seen in the pictures. What happened after Carol went up to the attic? The grown-ups laughed at the pictures in the album. Carol's grandmother showed her some of the old clothes. Carol looked at old pictures of her father and uncles. Uncle Ron brought out the family photo album. B Ray had just seen a movie about a boy who had made friends with a creature from outer space. He wished that a flying saucer would land in his backyard. So, Ray decided to make a paper sign inviting the space creatures to visit. He made a sign that said "Flying Saucers Land Here!" and put it on his roof. The next day, Ray realized that the space creatures could not see his sign at night. Then Ray thought of a great idea! He would make a sign out of Christmas tree lights. Ray used the lights to spell out the same message. That night, Ray climbed the tree to see his sign. What happened after Ray saw the movie about space creatures? Ray made a sign with some Christmas tree lights. Ray made a paper sign to attract space creatures. Ray realized his paper sign could not be seen at night. Ray climbed the tree to see his new sign. B Have you ever wondered how a pencil is made? The lead inside the pencil is made by grinding clay and graphite into a powder. The powder is then mixed with water and poured into a mold. The wood from which pencils are made comes from cedar trees in California. The wood is cut into thin sticks. Then each stick is cut in half and a groove is made for the lead. After that, the wood is glued around the lead like a sandwich. The stick is then cut into pencils and painted. Last but not least, an eraser is attached to the end. After the pencil is painted, the lead is made. the eraser is attached. the wood is glued around the lead. the wood is cut into sticks. B My brother Gary had been practicing the same song on the piano for weeks. We were all a bit tired of hearing it. The big day finally arrived. He was going to play the song in his first piano recital. When it was Gary's turn, he walked up to the piano, opened his book, and put his hands on the keys. Then he just stared at the piano. We all looked at each other, wondering what was wrong. He had practiced the song over and over. He could play it perfectly. Gary's piano teacher whispered something in his ear and went back to her seat. Then Gary began playing. What happened just before Gary played his song at the recital? Gary stared at the piano. Gary's teacher whispered something in his ear. Gary walked to the piano. Gary practiced playing the piano. B If you live in a cold climate, or have ever visited one, you have probably seen icicles hanging from rooftops or tree branches. Icicles are formed when the snow on a rooftop or branch begins to thaw. Drops of water fall as the snow melts. Some of these drops fall to the ground, but a few of them freeze in the air. Over several hours, drops continue to fall and freeze. The water trickles down the pieces of ice, and the icicles get thicker and stronger. When the weather gets warmer, or when the icicles get very heavy, the icicles fall from the roof or tree branch. What happens first? Snow on a rooftop begins to melt. The icicles get very heavy. Snow falls on a rooftop. Drops of water falling from the rooftop freeze in the air. C I looked up at the clock. Only two minutes had passed. In my science class this morning, I had received a note from the principal. He wanted to see me after school. I was really nervous all day. What had I done this time? I could hear him talking on the phone through the office door. I hoped he wasn't talking about me. Then the door opened, and he asked me to come in. At least he was smiling. He told me to sit down in the chair across from his desk. With a proud look on his face he said, "Congratulations, Lisa. Your story won first prize in the contest!" What happened after the principal asked Lisa to sit down? Lisa received a note in her science class. He told Lisa that her story had won first prize. He asked Lisa to come into his office. The principal answered the telephone. B Chris couldn't sleep. He had been tossing and turning for the last hour. He decided that he needed another piece of chocolate cream pie. So Chris put on his robe and slippers and quietly crept down the dark hallway. As he went down the stairs, he noticed they were a bit squeaky. He cut a generous piece of pie for himself and sat down to eat it at the table. Then he heard a squeaking noise. Someone was on the stairs. Chris was afraid it was an intruder, so he hid behind the stove. Chris giggled when his father walked into the kitchen holding a tennis racket for protection. What happened after Chris hid behind the stove? Chris went down to the kitchen. Chris's father came into the kitchen holding a tennis racket. Chris couldn't sleep. Chris cut himself a piece of pie. B The first giraffe arrived in France in 1826. It was a gift from an African official to the King of France. The giraffe traveled by boat and landed in southern France. A long journey was still ahead. The giraffe, guarded by soldiers on horseback, walked 500 miles to Paris. It finally arrived in June of 1827 and was greeted by the royal family. It was fed rose petals and admired by the people of Paris. They had never seen anything like it before. The giraffe was then taken to the zoo where many people enjoyed visiting the strange new animal. What happened first? The giraffe walked 500 miles. The giraffe arrived in southern France. The giraffe was fed rose petals. The giraffe was taken to the zoo. B Jeff slowly walked up the creaky steps. He turned back to his friends with a frightened look in his eyes. But they would not give in. They pointed at the large wooden door. Because Jeff had drawn the shortest straw, he had to knock on the Hadley house door. Everyone knew that the Hadley house was haunted. Jeff gritted his teeth, closed his eyes, and lightly tapped on the door. Behind him, his friends insisted that he knock louder. As Jeff turned around to protest, the door swung open. But nobody was in the doorway! What happened after Jeff tapped on the door? The boys drew straws. He walked up the stairs. The boys pointed at the door. The door opened. D About ten years ago, Barbara Isenberg wanted to make a teddy bear for her son. She made it out of an old blue sweatshirt. Many of her friends liked the handmade bear. So Barbara made more bears. Today she owns a company that makes thousands of these bears. First the cloth is cut with a tool like a cookie cutter. Then the pieces are sewn together. A small hole is left so the bear can be stuffed with soft material. Next, the hole is sewn up and the eyes are attached. The bears are then dressed in special costumes. When they are finished, the bears are shipped to stores all over the country. What happens right after the cloth is cut for the teddy bears? The bears are stuffed with soft material. The pieces are sewn together. The bears are shipped to the stores. The bears are dressed in special costumes. B Annie's class had just finished reading a book about a boy who found a treasure map in a floating bottle. "Maybe I could find a treasure map in a bottle," she thought to herself. The next morning she went to the beach, hoping to find a floating bottle. After several hours of watching the waves, Annie decided to go home. Just before she turned to leave, she spotted a tiny green speck in the water. She ran out into the waves to see what it was. It was a bottle with a note inside! ~ The note said, "Ha! H)+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFa! You fell for it!" Annie turned around and saw her older brother running away.~ The note was probably written by Annie. a classmate. a person on a deserted island. Annie's brother. D Some students at Livermore Falls High School in Maine thought that their school needed more spirit. To get everyone's attention, and to get people excited about an important basketball game,~ they decided to dribble two basketballs from their high school to the gym where the game was to be played.~ This meant dribbling the balls for 22 miles. It was December, so the students had to face strong winds and freezing rain. ~ When they finally arrived at the gym, it was vacant and dark. ~ The game had been postponed because the roads were so dangerous. When they saw the empty gym, the students probably felt excited. thankful. surprised. frightened. C Michael stared at the calendar on his desk. For the third time that day he counted the days until the fishing trip. He and his father always went fishing on Memorial Day weekend. ~ It was very special because only the two of them went.~ He didn't have to hear about Charlie's good grades or Lisa's softball trophies. He didn't have to take out the garbage. Instead, he and his father got up with the birds and fished all day. They only talked when they wanted to. They usually talked about how the fish were biting and the huge fish they had caught last year. We can tell that Michael likes to sleep late on fishing trips. had never been fishing before. enjoys having his father's attention. does not like Charlie and Lisa. C Jay held the baseball bat firmly and stared at the pitcher. The bases were loaded, and Jay's team needed to score. The pitcher threw the ball, and Jay swung his bat. It was a hit! As Jay and his teammates ran around the bases, the ball sailed high into the air. It was a home run for sure. Then the children heard the crash. The baseball had broken a window. ~ Even worse, the window belonged to Mrs. Garrety.~ The children ran in every direction. Jay knew he didn't have time to run away, so he hid behind the bushes. Mrs. Garrety came running outside, holding a frying pan. We can tell that Mrs. Garrety is a very good cook. not a baseball fan. not very forgiving about broken windows. the oldest woman in the neighborhood. C Thomas Baker finished shopping and unlocked what he thought was his car. He tried to get in, but the seat was too far forward. He saw some cups in the front seat that were not his. Just then, a car looking just like his pulled up beside him. ~ The couple inside explained that they had realized they were driving the wrong car. The two cars were identical and had been parked side by side.~ The strange thing was that both keys unlocked two different cars. Even stranger was the fact that the couple had the same last name as Thomas! When the couple realized they were in the wrong car, they probably were pleased. delighted. angry. surprised. D It was Miss Lawrence's birthday. She didn't realize that we knew about it. We had gotten a key to the classroom from Mr. Knight, the third grade teacher. He agreed to give it to us only if he could be there for the surprise. I think Mr. Knight had his eye on Miss Lawrence. ~ Anyway, we all got there early and decorated the classroom with balloons and streamers.~ John Hoskins, who was a great artist, drew a picture of a birthday cake and some flowers on the chalkboard. ~ We all pitched in on a big "Happy Birthday" banner that stretched across the room.~ We can assume that Miss Lawrence is the fourth grade teacher. has her eye on Mr. Knight. is popular with her students. has been teaching for a long time. C Laura's eyes lit up when she read the announcement. The magazine she read at school was having a cover contest. The theme was transportation of the future. Laura knew she was a good artist. Her teachers said she should enter the contest. ~ She thought she might draw a flying car.~ The car would be perfect to take on vacations. Each passenger would have his own set of earphones. This way, everyone could listen to his favorite music. She thought she would also include a movie screen. Laura couldn't wait to get started on the picture. Which statement is probably not true about Laura? She enjoys watching movies. She likes listening to music. She is afraid to fly. She has a good imagination. C Many years ago, people thought rainbows were magic. Some people thought you could find a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow. Now we know that rainbows are caused by sunlight shining on raindrops. Although sunlight looks white, it is really made up of many colors. When the sun shines on raindrops, its light is divided into these colors.~ The colors are reflected by the raindrops, and a beautiful bridge appears across the sky. If the sun is shining and it is raining very hard, the rainbow might look like it touches the earth far away.~ "A beautiful bridge across the sky" is another name for a raindrop. sunbeam. pot of gold. rainbow. D ~ John stood in line with his parents at the ticket counter. He was finally going to fly in a plane!~ He had waited a long time for his first plane ride. His family always drove on their vacations because they enjoyed watching the scenery. But John believed that no scenery could top the sights he was about to see from the window of an airplane. He could imagine the mountains below him surrounded by thick, white clouds. For two years John had saved money from his paper route so that he could visit his cousins in Arizona. Now he was going in style. As John stood at the ticket counter, he probably was calm. afraid. tired. excited. D It was an unusually warm day in June, so we decided to go sailing. We took Kate's Sunfish, a small boat meant for two passengers, down to the lake. Tanya and I had never been sailing before, but Kate promised to teach us how to handle the boat. After about an hour, it became cold and windy. The waves were crashing into the boat. As we looked around, we noticed many larger boats tipping over into the water. We tried to sail the boat back to shore, but the wind was too strong. ~ Then we saw a Coast Guard boat coming towards us. It had come to tow us back to safety!~ When the girls saw the Coast Guard boat, they probably felt lonely. ashamed. relieved. unhappy. C People who lived thousands of years ago did not have clocks. They used the sun to help them tell time. The sundial was invented to help people tell time. It looked like a metal triangle standing on a circle. ~ The shadow made by the piece of metal helped people know what time it was.~ An hourglass was another way to measure time. Water clocks were also used. One type of water clock was a coconut shell with holes in it. The shell was placed in a pail of water so that it would fill up with water and sink in a certain amount of time. Which timepiece would not be useful on a cloudy day? a wristwatch an hourglass a sundial a water clock C ~ Denny was tired of hearing his mother talk about Tina's terrific poems. He decided to show his mother that he could be a good writer too.~ He copied a poem from a book and showed it to her. His mother was very proud of him. Without telling Denny, she entered the poem in a contest. When Denny found out, he told his mother the truth. Denny's mother made him write a letter to the magazine saying that he was sorry for copying the poem. The next week, Denny received a letter from the head of the contest. The woman thanked Denny for telling the truth. She suggested that he enter one of his own poems in the contest. When Denny heard his mother talk about Tina's poems, he probably was happy. sorry. jealous. pleased. C Every summer we go camping with the Blacks. It is a lot of fun because the kids in their family are our best friends. We always choose to go to a campground with a lake. A lake is important because the fathers like to fish, and we like to swim. The place where we camped last year had a big raft out in the middle of the lake. We would have races to see who could swim out there the fastest. It was a long way to the raft. I finally won the race on the last day of our vacation. I have been practicing swimming this summer, so~ I hope that the lake we are heading for has a raft.~ We can tell that the author does not like to go fishing. is now on the way to another campground. is not good at swimming long distances. enjoys camping during the winter. B I was very quiet as we pulled into the driveway of our new home. My father had been transferred to New York, so we had to move. I was sure that I would never find a friend at my new school. My parents tried to convince me that everything would work out in time, but I didn't believe them. The first day of school I felt very lonely. Everyone seemed to know everyone else. No one seemed to need a new friend. At lunchtime, a girl asked if she could sit with me. ~ I found out that she had just moved also. We had a lot in common and quickly became friends.~ When she met a new friend at school the author probably was disappointed. felt more at home. was very quiet. felt like an outsider. B Long ago, American pioneers traveled across the country to find new homes. They usually walked, rode horses, or traveled in wagons. These wagons were covered by high, curved canvas tops. They were pulled by teams of horses or other animals. But the pioneers also used wagons that were not pulled by animals. These were called windwagons. ~ A windwagon was a wagon with a huge sail on top.~ On windy days, the windwagon could travel up to 50 miles an hour. However, these windwagons did not go anywhere if the wind was not blowing. A windwagon is most like a race car. an airplane. a train. a sailboat. D I found out about the frog-jumping competition from my cousin Freddie. He told me that this year's first prize winner would get a new fishing pole. I didn't know anything about frogs, but I did need a fishing pole. So I went down to the pet store and bought a frog. It was the best looking one in the store. Every day, I spent at least three hours in the backyard trying to get the frog to jump. I held a stick in the air, hoping the frog would jump over it. I put some food in the grass, hoping the frog would jump towards it. But nothing happened. Then I had an idea. ~ I would go down to the river and get a real frog.~ The author probably thought that the pet store frog was just a toy. could not jump as well as a frog from the river. would be the best frog in the contest. just needed a little more practice. B It was a beautiful day for the class picnic. As Diane walked to school, she remembered how much fun last year's picnic had been. The kickball game had been great because her team had won. The sack race was fun, even if she did fall halfway through the race. Diane smiled as she remembered the look on Mr. Johnson's face as he fell into the duck pond. Then Diane saw Robby walking towards her. ~ "Hey Diane, I bet you're going to lose the sack race again this year," Robby teased. Diane laughed, but she intended to prove Robby wrong at the picnic.~ At the picnic, Diane probably plans to lose the sack race on purpose. join Robby's kickball team. do well in the sack race. jump in the duck pond. C Chuck and Wendy like to go ice fishing. They have to wait until the ice is thick enough to hold them. Then they go down to the lake with cushions, fishing poles, bait, and an auger. An auger is the tool that they use to cut the ice. ~ Chuck and Wendy always select a spot where they have caught a lot of fish during the summer.~ Kneeling on the cushion, they cut a hole in the ice. Then they put the fishing line into the cold water. They wiggle the pole now and then so the fish will notice the bait. Then comes the hard part. Chuck and Wendy have to sit very quietly and wait for a fish to bite. They probably choose a good summer fishing spot for ice fishing because they think lots of fish are still there in the winter. they know the ice will be thickest there. their friends go ice fishing there. they won't be bothered by other animals. A Carl saw his little sister sitting at the table. She was using crayons to draw a picture. "Well, Vicky, that's a very nice cow you are drawing," he said. Vicky turned to him with a frown on her face. ~ She told Carl that she was drawing a rabbit, not a cow.~ Carl shrugged his shoulders and went to the cabinet to look for some cookies. When he came back, Vicky was drawing a new picture. This time, Carl looked closely at the picture before saying anything. "That's a mean looking monster you are drawing, Vicky," he said. Vicky laughed as she told Carl that it was really a picture of him. Why do you think Carl looked closely at the picture before saying anything? He wanted to make sure he knew what Vicky was drawing. He wanted to hurt Vicky's feelings. He thought Vicky would let him use her crayons. He thought the picture was very beautiful. A The best authors write about things that happen in their own lives. The author of the "Dennis the Menace" cartoon, Hank Ketchum, got his ideas from what really happened in his life. ~ One day, Hank's son Dennis was being a pest. Hank's wife was fed up with their son's behavior, so she called him a "menace."~ Then Hank got an idea for a cartoon character--a little boy named Dennis the Menace. The cartoon character Dennis the Menace is still a pesty little boy, but the actual Dennis Ketchum is now over thirty years old. How did Hank's wife help him think of a cartoon idea? She said he should write about their son Dennis. She told him that good authors write about their own lives. She said he should write about their dog Pesty. She called their son Dennis a menace. D Every period in history seems to have its share of silly fads. A fad is an interest followed with great enthusiasm for a limited amount of time. In the 1920's, some people actually swallowed live goldfish for fun. There were even contests held to see who could swallow the most goldfish. Lyndon Hart, a 16 year old from Watertown, South Dakota, holds the record for goldfish swallowing. Lyndon swallowed 501 live goldfish in three hours and eleven minutes. Right after this fishy feat, he managed to drink GIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdea soda and eat a hot dog with the works! This passage is mainly about the many fads of the 1920's. famous people from South Dakota. Lyndon Hart's goldfish swallowing record. what people ate in the 1920's. C Have you ever wondered what kinds of dogs become stars? Well, you may be surprised at the answer. Rin Tin Tin was once a very famous dog. He was discovered when he was left behind by his owners, the German Army. The first Lassie was a dog named Pal. Pal was taken to a training school because he was hard to control. He was taught to obey commands and became the star in "Lassie Come Home." In the Broadway musical "Annie," there is a dog named Sandy. He was discovered at the pound the night before he was supposed to be put to sleep. What is the main idea of this passage? Famous dogs receive a lot of fan mail. Animals "stars" have been trained from birth. Most famous dogs are female. Sometimes ordinary dogs become stars. D Gutzon Borglum was an American sculptor. He created many great works of art, but he is most famous for his work on Mount Rushmore. Mount Rushmore is a memorial in South Dakota. It honors four American presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt. If you go to Mount Rushmore, you will see the faces of these men carved into the stone. Gutzon Borglum came up with the idea for the sculpture. It took six and a half years to finish, and cost about one million dollars. Many thousands of people from all over the world come to see Mount Rushmore every year. This passage is mainly about the life of Thomas Jefferson. landmarks in South Dakota. Gutzon Borglum's work on Mount Rushmore. the many works of Gutzon Borglum. C Pigs are commonly misjudged animals. Contrary to popular belief, pigs are not dirty, sweaty, lazy, or stupid. Pigs do not even have sweat glands, so they must roll in the mud to cool off. They are also very intelligent animals and can be taught to do tricks. "Fred's Pigs" were a group of 21 pigs that put on a vaudeville show in the early 1900's. In the 15th century, pigs were taught to dance in order to entertain the King of France. Pigs can also be very useful animals. Long ago, pigs helped Egyptian and Greek farmers plant crops by making holes in the ground with their hooves. The main purpose of this passage is to disprove some common myths about pigs. explain how pigs helped Egyptian and Greek farmers. describe the tricks done by "Fred's Pigs." tell why pigs are often misunderstood. A There are many statues that honor important people in our country's history. In Alabama, a statue was built to honor the boll weevil. The boll weevil is a bug that kills cotton plants. Many years ago, almost every farmer in Alabama grew cotton. Then the boll weevils came and destroyed the crops. The farmers were forced to find other things to raise, like livestock and peanuts. Later, the farmers found a way to fight the boll weevils. But, they were grateful to the insect for causing them to find new things to raise. This passage mainly tells how to build a statue. why a statue was built to honor the boll weevil. how farmers in Alabama fought the boll weevil. why it is difficult to grow cotton. B George always had the most amazing dreams. He could remember his dreams in great detail, so he would share them with his family at the breakfast table. After awhile, it became a family tradition for George to relay his magnificent dreams every morning. One afternoon, George complained about not having any ideas for his creative writing assignment. His mother suggested that he put a note pad beside his bed and write about his dream as soon as he woke up. It was a great idea! After some revisions, George had written one of his best stories. Which sentence tells the most about this story? George used his dream to help him with an assignment. George could not remember his dreams. George's family heard about his dreams every morning. George's mother suggested he use his dream as an idea for a story. A Would you be properly impressed if someone told you he had a collection of penny-farthings, boneshakers, and high wheelers? Well, Robert Trepanier does have such a collection, but his treasures are more commonly known as bicycles. Trepanier was always fascinated with bikes as a child. By the time he was twelve years old, he had saved enough money to buy his first high-wheeler bicycle. Today his collection includes 290 antique bicycles. They are all in working condition. Some of the bicycles have appeared in movies and television commercials. This passage mainly tells about the value of an antique bicycle collection. the bicycles that have appeared in movies. Robert Trepanier's bicycle collection. how many bicycles are in the collection. C The best American athletes at the 1936 Olympics in Germany were awarded the traditional gold medal. But, they were also given another gift to recognize their achievements. The German people gave each gold medal winner a potted oak tree. On the pot there was an inscription that said, "Grow to honor the victory! Summon to further achievement." Most of the athletes had their trees planted at their schools. Frank Lewis, a former Olympic wrestler, is the only living athlete whose tree is still thriving. Lewis' tree was planted on the lawn of his college fraternity. This passage mainly tells about the trees given to the gold medal winners at the 1936 Olympics. where Frank Lewis' tree was planted. the inscription on the pot of the Olympic tree. why the German people gave trees to the athletes. A We were driving along in our motor home when I saw a sign that said, "Turn here to see the statue of Albert Einstein." We had learned about Einstein in my science class. He was probably the smartest man who ever lived. I asked my dad if we could stop to see the statue. He said we could if we only stayed for a minute. I searched through my backpack for my camera. My sister volunteered to take a picture of me with the statue. I sat right next to him--he was huge. I knew then that he must have been a real genius. I couldn't wait to have the picture developed. This story is mostly about the life of Albert Einstein. the author's family vacations. the author's science class. stopping to take a picture of a statue. D To the Indians of the American plains, the buffalo was a valuable resource. It provided them with many of the things necessary for survival. The meat of the buffalo was an excellent source of food. Tools were made from buffalo bones. The horns of the buffalo were used to make cups and ladles. Clothes, rugs, tepees, and even boats were made from buffalo skin. The Indians sewed the skins together using thread made from the sinews or tendons of the buffalo. Indians were able to chase away insects with a fly swatter made from a buffalo tail. This passage mainly tells how the Indians made clothes. why the buffalo became extinct. how the Indians used buffalo sinews. why the Indians considered the buffalo useful. D There are many ways to catch fish. While many people use expensive equipment, some people fish with their bare hands. The natives of New Zealand, the Maori, catch fish in a very unusual way. Wading through clear streams, they look for fish sleeping between clumps of rocks. They walk very slowly and quietly so they won't alarm the fish. When they spot a fish, they reach down through the water and tickle it. The startled fish backs right into the hands of the fishermen. The Maori must learn how to hold on to a wriggling fish, so that it doesn't slip out of their hands. This passage mainly tells how the Maori prepare fish. why people use expensive equipment to catch fish. how some New Zealand natives catch fish. what kinds of fish live in the waters of New Zealand. C Looking at a map of the moon, you might think its surface is covered with water. The map would show the Sea of Moisture, the Lake of Dreams, the Marsh of Sleep, and many other bodies of water. When Neil Armstrong landed on the moon, he landed in the middle of the Sea of Tranquility. However, he did not get wet. This is because there is no water on the moon's surface. Many years ago, astronomers saw dark patches on the moon's surface and assumed they were bodies of water. The names they gave these dark patches still remain. Which sentence tells the most about this passage? Astronomers once thought the moon's surface was covered with water. Neil Armstrong landed in the middle of the Sea of Tranquility. Astronomers saw dark patches on the moon. The Lake of Dreams is not a body of water. A When he was three years old, Louis Braille lost his sight. He lived a very lonely, hopeless life until a village priest began to teach him. After a few years, Louis' teacher helped him get into the National Institution for the Young Blind. At the Institution, the students learned to read by touching large, raised letters. The letters were so large that only a few words could fit on one page. Louis wanted to improve upon this method of reading. So he developed a new alphabet made up of patterns of raised dots. Braille's alphabet is now used by blind people all over the world. This passage mostly tells about the National Institution for the Young Blind. why Braille developed a new alphabet for the blind. how blind people learn to read. Louis Braille's childhood. B Doing crossword puzzles is a good way to learn new words. The first crossword puzzles were called word squares. These word squares did not use numbered definitions as clues. Arthur Winn put together the first crossword puzzles with numbered clues. His first puzzle appeared in a New York newspaper on December 21, 1913. After that, a crossword puzzle appeared in that newspaper every Sunday. The first book of crossword puzzles was published in 1924. Now, at least one crossword puzzle appears in most major newspapers every day. This passage is mainly about Arthur Winn. the history of crossword puzzles. how crossword puzzles can help you learn new words. American newspapers in the 1920's. B Although Bill Suitor is not an athlete, he was asked to take part in the opening ceremony of the 1984 Summer Olympics. Bill was the pilot of the rocket pack. A rocket pack allows its pilot to fly into the air without a plane or wings. Two tanks containing chemicals were strapped to Bill's back. Steam from these tanks thrust Bill into the air like a rocket. He took off near the torch and landed on the running track. Bill's flight only lasted 21 seconds, but the producer of the opening ceremony paid about $10,000 for the act. That's a lot of money for a 21-second flight! This passage tells mainly about Bill Suitor's boyhood dream of flying. how a rocket pack works. Bill Suitor's rocket pack flight at the 1984 Summer Olympics. the lighting of the Olympic torch. C Long ago, people who couldn't hear or speak were treated very unjustly. But in the 1700's, an Italian doctor named Jerome Cardan tried to help deaf people. He believed that they did not have to speak to communicate. By the 17th century, a finger alphabet was developed. People could use their hands to make certain letters or words. This was the beginning of sign language. With practice, some people can spell out words at over 100 words a minute. Today, many deaf and hard-of-hearing people are taught to use their voices. But, sign language is still an important part of their lives. This passage is mainly about doctors of the 1700's. the treatment of deaf people long ago. Jerome Cardan. the development of sign language. D Joe Reilford was the batboy for a minor league baseball team. Although he was only 12 years old, Joe was big for his age and a very good hitter. Once when the team was losing very badly, the crowd shouted for the manager to "Put in the batboy!" The crowd was not serious, but the manager decided to let Joe play. The first time he was up, Joe hit the ball towards third base. Joe was out at first base, but it had been a good try. When he was out in the field, Joe made an amazing catch. Although the team lost the game, Joe was thrilled about getting the chance to play. This passage is mainly about the rules in minor league baseball. the many duties of a batboy. a batboy who gets to play in a professional game. an amazing catch. C A kangaroo is called a marsupial because it carries its young in a pouch. A baby kangaroo is called a joey. When a joey is born, it must quickly find its mother's pouch. It stays secure and warm in the pouch until it is about eight months old. After that, it hops around outside of the pouch and eats grass. Whenever it is frightened, it hops back into its mother's pouch, head first. Little by little, a joey learns how to become independent. A baby kangaroo leaves its mother's pouch for good when it is eleven months old. But, it stays close to its mother until it is about two years old. Which sentence tells most about the passage? A joey is a baby kangaroo. Kangaroos live in Australia. Joeys stay close to their mothers for two years. A frightened joey hops back into the pouch. C Crops are affected by what goes on around them. Pollution and certain changes in the weather can hurt crops. But, it is often too late for a farmer to save a plant when he realizes that it needs help. Recently, a machine has been invented that warns farmers when a plant is not healthy. The diameter of the plant's stem gets smaller when it is not doing well. This machine keeps track of the size of the stem and lets the farmer know when his plants need attention. The machine itself cannot save the plants. But it does give the farmer a chance to try different methods and possibly to grow healthier plants. This passage mainly tells how changes in the weather can harm plants. a new machine can help a farmer care for plants. a farmer decides which crops to plant. pollution can harm plants. B In 1970, over 60,000 black rhinoceroses lived in Africa. But by 1985, there were only about 7,000 rhinos left. This is because rhinos are hunted for their precious horns. Laws have been passed to stop the hunting, but many rhinos are still being killed. Calvin Bensten was very worried that the black rhinoceros would die out. He knew that he needed to find a new home for them. So, he brought several adult rhinos to the United States. He set aside eighty acres in Texas where they can live and raise their young. Here, the rhinos are safe from being killed for their horns. This passage mainly tells about laws passed in Africa to prevent hunters from killing rhinos. the valuable horns of the black rhino. rhinos that were brought to Texas to live in safety. the number of rhinos living in Africa. C Many athletic teams have a mascot, an animal or a person dressed as an animal, for good luck. A public school baseball team near Washington, D.C. used a possum for a mascot. One day, the team could not find its mascot anywhere. ~ They were concerned that the team would have bad luck if they did not find it.~ The same day, there was a story in the newspaper about a possum found near the White House. The children were certain it was their mascot. They wrote a letter to President Hoover, asking about thefhijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ possum. It was returned, and the team's good luck continued. The team wanted to find the possum because they believed it brought them good luck. they were afraid it might bother the President. it was their favorite pet. they thought it might bring bad luck to the President. A The greatest racehorse in American history was called Man o' War. He was bought at an auction for five thousand dollars in 1918. ~ Of the 21 races the horse ran, he lost only one.~ Man o' War's earnings totaled more than two million dollars. This included money earned for fathering many horses. Man o' War was the father of 383 horses. Many of his colts went on to earn a lot of money as racehorses. He was quite popular with Americans, and when he died, 2,500 people attended his funeral. How many races did Man o' War win? 5,000 21 383 20 D Many people like to sprinkle cinnamon on their toast. ~ It is hard to believe that this sweet spice comes from the bark of an evergreen tree.~ This tree is found in warm places like Ceylon, Brazil, and the West Indies. The bark is a yellowish color and has a very pleasant odor. Long ago, spices like cinnamon were very hard to find. Explorers like Christopher Columbus sailed to faraway lands to find new spices. Cinnamon was once so rare and valuable that a person might be killed if he stole a single stick of it. Today, cinnamon can be found easily in most grocery stores. Cinnamon comes from the leaves of a tree. a spice called Ceylon. a plant grown under water. the bark of a tree. D Most of us think of reindeer as the friendly animals that pull Santa's sleigh. Actually, reindeer are not tame or willing animals. It takes at least six months to train a reindeer to pull a sled. Pulling these sleds is hard work for the reindeer, and they don't enjoy it. However, they are very good at their job. ~ A reindeer can pull a very heavy load at up to ten miles an hour.~ Because reindeer find their own food, they are not difficult to care for. Reindeer are very hardy creatures. They can pull a load in the freezing temperatures of the Arctic, where most animals cannot live. Reindeer are trained in six weeks. to find food for each other. to run in races. to pull heavy loads. D The city of Chicago, Illinois, is sometimes called the "Windy City." This name accurately describes the typical winter weather conditions. The weatherman might say that it is five degrees below zero, but 50 degrees below zero with the wind chill factor. This means that the combination of the cold and wind makes actual temperature seem colder. ~ The wind chill factor is based on temperature and wind speed.~ For example, if the temperature outside is five degrees Fahrenheit, and the wind is blowing at 30 miles per hour, it feels like it is 43 degrees below zero. Wind chill factor is based on temperature and wind speed. wind speed and humidity. wind speed and snowfall. temperature and humidity. A What do you get when you put wheels on cross-country skis? Roller skis, of course. Roller skiing is a sport that began in Scandinavia. By 1967, United States Olympic cross country skiers were using roller skis to prepare for the 1968 winter games. Today roller skis are much shorter and made of a lighter material. Some roller skis even have brakes. The skier uses one or two poles to push himself along the road. ~ The wheels do not roll backwards,~ so skiing uphill is possible. Because it is superb exercise, roller skiing is becoming popular in the United States. Roller skiers can do all of the following except ski uphill. use only one pole. put on the brakes. ski backwards. D Today many people enjoy listening to music through a set of earphones and a very small radio or tape player. The most popular of these mini stereos is the Sony Walkman. These tiny stereos are very convenient. ~ A person can walk, jog, or do most anything while listening to music.~ People can now listen to music without disturbing anyone else. These portable players are getting even smaller. A wireless radio the size of an earplug has been developed by Elwood G. Norris. No one knows when you are listening to it, because it fits inside the ear. Which statement about the tiny new radio is not true? It fits inside the ear. It was developed by Elwood G. Norris. It has no wires. It cannot be used when jogging. D What do you get when you mix the flavors of a pineapple, a pear, and an artichoke? Some people think you get the taste of a jackfruit. A jackfruit is an enormous fruit that grows on trees in southern Asia. It hangs from short, wiry stems which stick out from the trunk. When a jackfruit is ripe, it weighs about 80 pounds. Jackfruits have a bumpy yellowish-green skin. ~ Although they don't smell very good, jackfruits are said to be delicious.~ Farmers in Florida are planting jackfruit trees in their orchards, so we may be able to see and taste this unusual fruit soon. Which statement about jackfruits is false? They grow on trees. They are being planted in Florida. They have a pleasant odor. They are very heavy. C If you lived in Churchill, a town in Canada, you might see a polar bear in your backyard. Churchill is a town on Hudson Bay. In October and November, the bears roam around the town waiting for the bay to freeze. They are also attracted by the smell of food in the garbage. Signs are posted warning people about the polar bear alert. The people must follow certain safety rules to avoid danger. ~ When the bay freezes, the bears concentrate on finding holes in the ice where seals come up for air. The seals are easily captured by the bears.~ The polar bears wait for the bay to freeze because it makes it easier for them to catch seals. the seals live on the land when the water is frozen. they can walk on the ice to a neighboring island. it tells them when it's time to hibernate. A Although many people refer to the bamboo plant as a tree, it is actually a type of grass. This grass is the world's most useful plant. The Japanese have discovered over 1,500 uses for bamboo. Medicine, furniture, and tools can all be made from bamboo. Perhaps its most important use is as a source of food. Young bamboo shoots are eaten by many people in Asia. One of the most amazing things about bamboo is its rate of growth. Bamboo grows so quickly that you can actually hear it growing. ~ The world produces about ten million tons of bamboo each year.~ Which word does not correctly describe bamboo? useful fast-growing edible scarce D For many years, dogs have been known as man's best friend. Dogs are good companions for people. If they are treated well, they are loyal to their owners. Dogs are also good at protecting people. They are often used as watchdogs. Their keen sense of hearing helps them guard people against danger. A dog named Stubby was famous for protecting people from danger. He went to Europe with the army during World War I. ~ Stubby could hear the shells shot by the enemy before the soldiers could. He would warn the soldiers about the danger by running for cover.~ How did Stubby help the soldiers? He warned them about the enemies' shots. He helped them find food. He carried their heavy loads. He chased away other animals. A Cecil Cohen has made his living by selling things for most of his life. He has sold almost everything from newspapers to sewing machines. His latest project is making and selling doghouses. Cohen's doghouses range from an ordinary one for $25, to an air conditioned and fully carpeted one for $850. Two of his unique products are a two-story "condo" for a dog and a cat, and a duplex designed for two guard dogs. ~ Cohen confesses that he once trapped and sold wolves for money, and he hopes his new business will help lessen his guilt feelings.~ Cecil Cohen has guilt feelings about charging too much for his doghouses. his life as a salesman. his former job as a trapper. using inferior materials to build his doghouses. C During a thunderstorm, you see flashes of lightning and hear crashes of thunder. Lightning is really a huge spark of electricity. Thunder is the sound made by the air as it is abruptly heated. Although lightning and thunder occur at the same time, we see the lightning before we hear the thunder. ~ This is because light travels faster than sound.~ You can tell how close or distant a storm is by counting the seconds between the flash of lightning and the crash of thunder. The more time there is between the lightning and the thunder, the further away the storm. We do not hear thunder at the same time we see lightning because the storm is too far away. sound travels more slowly than light. it does not occur until later. light travels more slowly than sound. B What swims in the ocean, has the head of a pony, the tail of a snake, and is covered with thorny spikes? No, it is not a sea monster. It is a sea horse. Sea horses live in warm water. They eat small sea creatures and fish eggs. Sea horses cling to seaweed so they won't be swept away by the ocean current. They use a single fin to swim through the water. One of the most unusual things about sea horses is the way they care for their young. ~ After the mother sea horse lays her eggs, she puts them in a pouch beneath the father's tail. He carries them until they are ready to hatch.~ Which statement is false? Sea horses can swim. The mother sea horse holds the eggs until they are ready to hatch. Sea horses eat fish eggs. A sea horse has a tail like a snake. B Over the years, man has used animals for transportation. Today, scientists are designing a means of transportation that looks like an animal. The ASV is a walking machine that is 17 feet long and has six legs. It is controlled by computers and looks like a giant insect. The machine can go where cars, jeeps, and trains cannot go. ~ The ASV can climb mountains, step over walls, wade through swamps, and turn around like a helicopter.~ The driver sits in the front of the machine and uses a joystick to steer. Although it moves rather slowly, the ASV is very useful for exploration. The ASV can do all of these things except fly like a plane. climb mountains. step over walls. walk through a swamp. A Because of Frank Saunders' recent invention, many completely deaf people will be able to know what sound feels like. His invention has been nicknamed the tickle belt. ~ This is because the person who wears it feels a vibration across the stomach any time there is a sound nearby.~ The user wears a microphone on his shirt, and when someone speaks, the buttons on the inside of the belt "tickle" his stomach. Different patterns of tickles are felt with different sounds. Instead of hearing words, the deaf person learns how certain sounds feel. A person wearing a tickle belt learns sounds by seeing. tasting. feeling. hearing. C The red mangrove is a very unusual tree. Instead of growing on land, it grows in very shallow water. Most mangrove trees grow along the coasts of countries near the equator. But the mangrove is a traveling tree. ~ Its seeds sprout roots, or become seedlings, while they are still on the tree.~ After awhile, the seedlings fall into the water. Some seedlings take root near the original tree. But others float for hundreds of miles on ocean currents before taking root. When these seedlings become trees in far away shallow waters, the process begins again. A seedling is a tree that grows in water. floating seed. tree that grows near the equator. seed with roots. D Have you ever seen a pig swim? Well, the wild pigs in Fakaofo, an island in the Pacific Ocean, are great swimmers. They have learned to swim in order to survive. There is very little food growing on the land. What little is there, the coconuts and breadfruit, is eaten by the 700 people that live on the island. ~ So, the pigs must depend on the ocean for food.~ They dive into the water and search for small fish in the reefs. The pigs were probably transported to the island long ago as livestock. Now they have become true fishermen. The wild pigs in Fakaofo learned to swim in order to flee from their enemies. because the water keeps them cool. in order to fish for their food. in order to get to a neighboring island. C If you use your imagination, you can look up at the clouds and see pictures of familiar things. For example, a cloud might look like a person's face or an ice cream cone. Long ago, people looked up at the stars and saw pictures. One group of stars looked like a crab and another looked like a hunter. ~ These star pictures are called constellations.~ Constellations are named for the things they appear to be. The Big Dipper is an example of a constellation with which most people are familiar. Each month, the stars which make up these constellations move to a different part of the sky. Constellations are made up of a group of stars. always seen in the same part of the sky. myths made up by people of ancient times. only seen by people living in the Northern Hemisphere. A You probably know that there is a lot of sugar in most desserts. This kind of sugar has been taken from sugar cane and treated with chemicals. But many foods contain natural sugar. For example, milk contains a type of sugar called lactose. ~ From fruit, we get a sugar called fructose.~ Even vegetables, grains, and potatoes have sugar in them. Sugar was not added to these foods like it is added to many breakfast cereals. Plants need sugar to grow. They make their own sugar from air and water. When we eat certain foods, we taste the sugar that was made by these plants. The sugar we taste in fruit is called fructose. lactose. brown sugar. cane sugar. A One of the world's favorite flavors comes from the cacao tree. The cacao tree grows in warm, wet climates close to the equator. We get chocolate from the beans that grow on this tree. In order to get the best tasting chocolate, the beans must be gathered at just the right time. The beans are then dried and shipped to chocolate factories. At the factory, one machine roasts the beans, and the next one takes the beans out of their shells. The beans are then ground into a liquid. This liquid is used to make candy, cookies, and other delicious chocolate desserts. What happens to the beans right after they are roasted? They are picked from the cacao trees. They are taken out of the shells. They are ground up into a liquid. They are shipped to the chocolate factories. B The children excitedly boarded the bus, their arms filled with candy and souvenirs. They laughed and talked about their day at Disneyland. Everyone had first rushed to ride Space Mountain. Then they had all experienced the Haunted Mansion. After that, they had decided that Small World, a more peaceful ride, would be nice. After awhile, the bus became quieter and some of the children slept for the remainder of the trip. When the bus pulled into the school parking lot, parents greeted their children, and the stories of the day's events began again. What happened right after the children got on the bus? The children told their parents about the trip. The children talked about what they had done at Disneyland. Some children went to sleep. The children bought souvenirs. B George Crumb was a chef at a fashionable resort in Saratoga Springs, New York. He was very proud of his cooking abilities. One day, a customer complained that the french fried potatoes were too thick. The waiter asked Crumb to make some new french fries. Very offended, he decided to cut the potatoes as thin as possible. He was sure the customer would not like the potatoes prepared this way. However, when the customer tasted them, she said they were absolutely delicious. George Crumb had made the first potato chips. What happened first? The chef was very insulted. The waiter asked the chef to make a new batch of french fries. The customer was pleased with the thinly cut potatoes. A customer complained that her french fries were too thick. D When the Statue of Liberty arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885 on a rainy, foggy day, thousands of people came to welcome it. The people had waited a long time to get a glimpse of the statue. In 1871, Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, the sculptor of the statue, came to America to pick a site for the statue even before he had begun to work on it. By 1876, the statue's right hand and and torch were completed and displayed at the Philadelphia Exposition. Ten years later, the finished statue was taken apart, packed in 200 crates, and shipped to the United States. What happened right after the Statue of Liberty was completed? The statue was taken apart and packed in shipping crates. Bartholdi visited America. The statue's right hand and torch were displayed in Philadelphia. The American people welcomed the statue to its new home. A Every year my father and I go up to the mountains to pick out the perfect Christmas tree. Last year, we got more than we bargained for. When we got the tree home, we found a nest tightly tucked away between two sturdy branches. It was amazing that the nest hadn't fallen during the long trip home. There were three pale blue eggs in the nest. My friend's father was a zoologist, so I decided to ask him what we should do with the eggs. He took them to a laboratory and put them in an incubator for warmth. A week later, the eggs hatched and revealed three baby robins. What happened right after the tree was brought home? A nest was found in the tree. The author and his father picked out a Christmas tree. The eggs hatched. The eggs were put in an incubator. A All minerals are made up of crystals. The shape of the crystals determines the shape of the mineral. You can see how crystals grow by growing some for yourself. You will need water, ammonia, laundry bluing, salt, and charcoal. First, mix all the ingredients except the charcoal in a bowl. Then put a few pieces of charcoal in a pan. Pour the mixture from the bowl onto the charcoal. Then put the pan in a warm place for awhile. After you have allowed the liquid to evaporate, the charcoal will be covered with white, rounded crystals. What is the first step you should take when growing crystals? Put a few pieces of charcoal in a pan. Leave the pan in a warm place. Mix water, ammonia, laundry bluing, and salt in a bowl. Pour the liquid over the charcoal. C The telephone company often has problems with its wires and cables. This causes problems for the people who use telephones. Sometimes telephone service is cut off during a storm. Recently, the telephone company discovered a very unusual problem. A cable that had been had laid underwater did not seem to be working. When they pulled it up to investigate, they found sharks' teeth sticking out of the cable. The sharks had apparently tried to bite through the cable. The telephone company solved their fishy problem by using very durable cable for underwater connections. What happened after the sharks' teeth were found in the cable? The telephone company decided to use stronger cable under water. There was a bad storm. An underwater cable was not working properly. The cable was pulled up for investigation. A Today many young people enjoy riding and doing tricks on skateboards. The first skateboard was made in 1962 by the Val Surf Shop of California. It was made from roller skate wheels and a wooden board. But the wheels made a great deal of noise. The skateboards were also very unsafe because the wheels did not grip the ground well. As a result, some cities outlawed the riding of skateboards on public streets. In 1973, Frank Norsworthy invented a quieter, safer skateboard wheel. This new kind of skateboard was allowed back on the streets. What happened after skateboards were found to be unsafe? Some cities outlawed skateboard riding on public streets. The new skateboard was allowed on the street. Val Surf Shop made a skateboard with roller skate wheels. Frank Norsworthy improved the skateboard. A In 1891, William Wrigley moved to Chicago and started his own company. The company started out selling soap, and then changed their chief product to baking powder. In order to increase sales, Wrigley told his salesmen to give away two packs of chewing gum with each ten cent package of baking powder they sold. The salesmen soon discovered that most people were much more interested in buying the chewing gum. Wrigley decided to change his company's chief product once again. By the end of the century, Wrigley's gum was popular throughout the country. What happened right after Wrigley salesmen began giving away gum? The Wrigley Company decided to sell gum as its main product. The Wrigley Company sold soap. The salesmen realized gum would be easier to sell. The Wrigley company decided to sell baking powder. C Just think of all the things you use each day that are made from paper. Most of the paper in these products comes from the trunk of a tree. These trees are constantly replanted, but they take a long time to grow. In order to conserve trees, old paper is recycled so that it can be used again. The paper is first shredded into tiny pieces. Then it is mixed with special chemicals. These chemicals clean the paper and turn it into a mushy paste. After it is mixed with water, this paste is spread out to dry in sheets. When these sheets dry completely, recycled paper has been made. What happens after the shredded paper is mixed with chemicals? The paste is mixed with water. The paper is shredded into tiny pieces. The sheets are spread out to dry. The paper is turned into a mushy paste. D When Garlan Hoskin visited Germany in 1983, he saw some children whizzing down a snowy hill. The sight was remarkable because the children were not using skis or a sled. They were wearing their sleds -- in the form of bobsled shorts. The shorts were made of waterproof material and worn over a snowsuit. A plastic glide shield was fastened to the seat of the shorts. Hoskin believed that these shorts would be popular at home, so he tracked down the inventor. Then he offered to market the shorts in the U.S. The shorts are now being sold to both children and adults. What happened right after Hoskin saw children using bobsled shorts? Hoskin offered to market the shorts in the U.S. Hoskin visited Germany. Bobsled shorts were sold in the U.S. Hoskin tracked down the inventor. D Although computers are very useful tools, they can sometimes make mistakes. A man was once mailed a bill from a department store. The bill had been printed by a computer. The confusing thing was that the bill said the man owed $00.00. The man decided to ignore the bill. The next month, the man got a second bill from the same store. Again, the bill was for $00.00. So, the man circled this amount on the bill and mailed it back to the store. The next month, when the man received the identical bill, he decided to send the store a check for $00.00. It worked! He was never billed again. What happened after the man sent the check for $00.00? The man circled the amount and mailed the bill back to the store. The man was never billed again. The department store called him about the bill. The man received another bill for $00.00. B Orky and Corky are two killer whales that lived at Marineland, a theme park in Southern California. They were very important to scientists who wanted to learn more about the way killer whales communicate. At Marineland, computers were used to record the sounds made by the whales. At least 55 different sounds were recorded. These sounds were played for the whales, and the scientists observed any responses. If the whale "talked back," the sounds were recorded. Then the sounds were translated into language for the scientist to read on the video screen. What took place before the whales listened to their recorded sounds? A whale "talked back" to the sound of his own speech. Scientists read the translated whale sounds. A computer translated the whales' speech. About 55 different whale sounds were recorded. D I nervously paced around the room. My parents didn't suspect anything. It was their 25th wedding anniversary, and the party we had planned was in full swing. What my parents didn't know was that my oldest sister Joanie was coming home from college for the party. It was going to be a great surprise. The doorbell rang and my mother answered it. It was only Mr. Moore from down the street. I was troubled because Joanie was so late. The doorbell rang again. This time it was Aunt Ida. After about an hour, there was a knock on the back door. Joanie had finally arrived! Who arrived last? Mr. Moore Aunt Ida the author's mother Joanie D When Fred Morrison was a young boy, he liked to toss pie tins into the air. He liked the way they spun sideways. He decided to develop a toy that was similar to these pie tins. It was a round disk made of metal. However, the disk did not travel very far because it was so heavy. So, Morrison had another disk made out of plastic and called it Morrison's Flying Saucer. The new plastic toy was a hit! In 1955, Morrison sold his toy to a company called Wham-O. Wham-O renamed the toy Frisbee. Today, Frisbee throwing has become a competitive sport. What happened first? Morrison made a toy from a metal disk. Morrison sold his toy to Wham-O. Wham-O renamed the toy Frisbee. Morrison remade the toy with plastic. A Rice farmers in Bali, Indonesia have a unique way of controlling insects in their rice fields. Before they plant a new rice crop, they lead a group of ducks to the wet rice paddies, or fields. The ducks are led to the paddy with a flag tied to a long bamboo pole. When the ducks reach the paddy, the farmer sticks the pole in the mud. Staying close to the pole, the ducks feast on all of the rice-eating insects in the area. After several weeks, when the ducks have eaten most of the insects, the farmers can plant the rice. What takes place first? The farmers plant a new rice crop. The ducks are led to the paddy with a bamboo pole. The ducks eat all of the insects in the area. The farmer sticks the pole in the mud. B Harry Houdini performed his first magic trick at a very young age. When he was six years old, Houdini made a pea suddenly appear in a cup. He joined a circus when he was nine, and was soon doing escape tricks. Volunteers in the audience were asked to tie up Houdini. He would then quickly free himself from the knotted ropes. He learned how to pick any kind of lock when he worked for a locksmith. This knowledge helped him perform more amazing escape tricks. Known as the "Escape King," Houdini once got out of a coffin that was buried six feet under the ground. What happened soon after Houdini joined the circus? He learned to do escape tricks. He learned how to pick locks. He made a pea appear in a cup. He escaped from a buried coffin. A My friend's mother asked me to water the plants while the family was away on vacation. When I went to the house, it was in a shambles! There was garbage everywhere, lamps were knocked down, and the curtains were torn. My first thought was to call the police to report an intruder. Then I heard a scratching noise. A squirrel scampered across the carpeting and under the sofa. It had gotten in the house somehow and was now trapped. I opened the sliding glass door to the patio, hoping the squirrel would see its opportunity to escape. It worked! The intruder was free. What happened after the author opened the patio door? The author discovered the house in shambles. The squirrel tore the curtains. The author went to water the plants. The squirrel ran out of the house. D Vanilla is one of the most popular flavors for ice cream. Vanilla is also used in many recipes. This flavor starts out as a bean. It grows on vines in Mexico and other warm places. The vanilla beans are cut from the vines just before they ripen. Then they are heated and put in tightly closed places. The vanilla beans shrink and change color. Then they are packed in crates and shipped to factories. At the factories, the vanilla beans are chopped and mixed with a liquid called alcohol. This mixture is then used to flavor many desserts. Vanilla is also used in perfume and scented soap. What happens after the beans are shipped to the factories? The beans are chopped and mixed with alcohol. The beans are allowed to ripen fully. The beans change color. The beans are heated. A Have you ever heard someone talking to a plant? Many people believe that talking to plants helps the plants stay healthy. But most people do not know that plants can actually make sounds. An artist named John Lifton used a computer to make music from plants. He knew that all plants contain tiny charges of electricity. He recorded changes in these charges with a computer. This data was sent to a machine that makes sound. The machine made different sounds depending on the changes in the plants. So, with the help of a computer, he could hear the plants "talk." What happened after he recorded the changes in the charges of the plants? He could hear the plants making noise. He hooked up the plants to a computer. The data was sent to a machine that makes sound. He found out that talking to plants helps keep them healthy. C Ted Smith thought he was a pretty good outfielder. He always dreamed of being a major-league baseball player. One day, Ted read a story in the newspaper about the New York Giants coming to his hometown to hold tryouts. ~ He was excited about the tryouts, but he didn't want to go alone.~ So, he asked his friend, Gordie Windhorn, to try out with him. Gordie didn't want to go because he didn't play baseball very often. But Ted convinced him to go. Five people were asked to sign contracts that day. Ted was not one of them, but Gordie was! Ted probably asked Gordie to go with him to the tryouts because Ted was ashamed. confident. disappointed. nervous. D The phone rang, and Ben rolled over slowly to look at the clock. It was three in the morning. Who could possibly be calling at this hour? The phone continued to ring, so he put on his robe and stumbled sluggishly into the kitchen. "Hello," Ben said softly. It was a terrible connection, but he finally figured out that his penpal Stefan was calling from Sweden. ~ His face lit up as Stefan explained that he was coming for a visit.~ He and Stefan had been writing to each other for many years. After he hung up, Ben was much too excited to go back to sleep. We can tell that Ben is looking forward to Stefan's visit. upset with Stefan for waking him. waiting up for Stefan's next call. worried about meeting Stefan in person. A When Wayne Gretzky was a young boy, his father built him an ice rink in the backyard. He thought it would be fun for his son to play hockey with the neighborhood children. Little did he know that his son would become the world's greatest hockey player. Wayne joined his first league when he was five years old. When he was only ten years old, he was followed around by the press and fans seeking autographs. In Junior Hockey, Wayne was named Rookie of the Year and Most Sportsmanlike Player in one season. ~ At 18 years of age, he became the world's highest paid hockey player.~ From this passage, we can tell that Wayne is a poor loser. likes to pick fights in hockey games. does not like to sign autographs. played professional hockey when he was 18. D Maureen stepped off the train into the busy station. She clutched a snapshot of her Uncle Henry in her right hand. Although she had never met him before, Maureen was going to live with her uncle for the summer. A friendly looking man waved to her from behind a big crowd of tourists. Maureen looked down at the snapshot to see if the man was her Uncle Henry. When she looked up, he was reaching down to shake hands with her. "Well, well. You sure have grown up, Maureen," Uncle Henry said. ~ Maureen attempted to smile as she followed her uncle through the station.~ This passage suggests that Maureen is overjoyed about living with her uncle for the summer. has never been in a train station before. is very homesick. is nervous about living with a relative she has never met. D Like many children, Julie and Sheila think that Halloween is one of the most thrilling holidays. They have been partners in the school costume contest for three years in a row. Two years ago, they dressed as Raggedy Ann and Andy. Last year, the two girls were the front and back ends of a horse. This year, wearing Julie's father's old suit, the girls dressed as a two-headed man. ~ They squeezed into the suit together, each of them putting two legs in one leg of the pants.~ They wore matching wigs and hats so their two-headed man would have identical heads. We can tell that Julie and Sheila do not mind sharing a costume. won every costume contest. used the same costume for two years. bought all of their costumes at the store. A The legend of Groundhog Day says that a groundhog pokes its head out from its burrow on February 2. If the groundhog sees its shadow, it goes back into the burrow and sleeps for six more weeks. This is supposed to mean that there will be six more weeks of winter. However, if the groundhog does not see its shadow, it comes out of the burrow and spring will come very soon. ~ Although it is an amusing story, the legend is not a true prediction of weather.~ According to weather experts, it is usually correct 28% of the time, and this accuracy is only due to chance. The legend of Groundhog Day seems to be a good way to predict the weather. an old superstition. a story told by American Indians. a tale that teaches a lesson. B A fungus is a type of plant. ~ But unlike a green plant, a fungus does not make its own food.~ It has to steal food from other plants. Fungus has been responsible for many problems throughout history. In 1872, several hundred men drowned because the bottom dropped out of a British flagship. This happened because a fungus called dry rot caused the wood to decay. In Ireland, another kind of fungus killed a whole crop of potatoes. Thousands of people starved because the crop was ruined. In 1869, yet another type of fungus destroyed the coffee crop in Ceylon. The second sentence suggests that fungus can make its own food. green plants get their food from fungus. green plants make their own food. there are more types of green plants than fungus. C Louis ran down the stairs, clutching some coins in his hand. He told his sister Sarah that he had saved some money to buy his grandmother a gift. ~ "But Louis," Sarah replied, "That's not enough money for a present.~ How about if we buy the present together?" But he insisted that he wanted to buy the present with his own money. So Sarah took him to a downtown department store. When Louis peeked into the glass cases, he saw lots of shimmering jewelry. He finally decided to buy a lace handkerchief. ~ While Louis searched in his pocket for the money, Sarah slipped something to the salesman.~ Sarah probably gave the salesman some of her own money. a note from her grandmother. a book. a piece of candy. A Many people collect stamps as a hobby. Some of these stamps are very rare, and therefore they are worth a lot of money. Without meaning to, William Robey bought a sheet of 100 very rare stamps at the post office. When he took the stamps home, he realized they had been printed upside down. ~ He was quite excited about his discovery, because he knew he could sell the stamps to a collector.~ Robey quickly sold the sheet of stamps for $15,000 in the year 1918. Today, each of the misprinted stamps is worth $5,000. For Mr. Robey, the misprinting of the stamps seems to have been a fortunate error. an annoying problem. a tragic mistake. a planned investment. A When we think of ants, we usually think of pesty little creatures that invade our picnics. However, some ants are very useful when it comes to finding fossils. ~ The western harvester ant collects rocks and fossils to pile in its anthill. Scientists are happy to have discovered such an easy place to find fossils.~ Because the ants bite and sting, the scientists use a long-handled shovel to remove the top part of the anthill. Then they sift through the dirt looking for fossils. Most of them are small bones from animals that lived in North America in the time of the dinosaur. Scientists interested in fossils probably consider western harvester ants annoying pests. able assistants. ignorant creatures. dangerous insects. B Marty and his brother Max often played tricks on their teachers. The boys were identical twins, so it was very difficult to tell them apart. Marty did very well in math, but was not a good speller. Max always won all the spelling contests, but did poorly on his math tests. One day when Max had a math test and Marty had a spelling test, the boys decided to switch places. They met in the restroom at ten o'clock. Then Marty went to Max's classroom and Max went to Marty's classroom. ~ Unfortunately, the boys forgot to dress alike that day.~ The boys' teachers probably knew about the trick because the boys were caught by the principal. Max forgot to sign Marty's name. they noticed that the boys' outfits had changed. the boys answered to their real names. C The Jensens' dog Hugo loves to play in the snow. He enjoyed the snow all winter, and when an unusual spring blizzard hit the town, Hugo was delighted. When he played in the yard, he dug his nose deep into the snow. Charlie noticed that the dog was sniffing in a certain spot in the yard, so he went to see what the attraction was. Under the snow he saw a burrow of new baby rabbits. He took the dog inside and told his mother about the rabbits. Together, they brought the tiny animals inside. ~ Then Charlie's mother called a friend who owned pet rabbits.~ Mrs. Jensen probably called her friend to ask for advice about caring for the baby rabbits. tell her about the blizzard. invite her to lunch. offer to sell her the dog. A ~ Where can you see a collection of things that includes 2,500 hubcaps and a seventeenth century stagecoach?~ These and many other attractions can be seen at the American Historical Museum in West Virginia. This museum is particularly unusual because its owners are thirteen year old Joseph Nevera and his eleven year old brother, Manuel. The boys' father built a 200-foot long shed to house their many treasures. The boys' collection has come from things traded, purchased at flea markets, and picked up off the road. Now they share their treasures with people who visit the museum. The first sentence suggests that the boys' collection includes a wide variety of items. is made up of 2,501 things. is very small. is actually a pile of junk. A As Paul walked into the kitchen, his father said, "That was quite an adventure you had last night, son." Paul had no idea what his father meant. Seeing his puzzled expression, his mother asked, "Paul, don't you remember sleepwalking last night?" Paul laughed, thinking that his mother and father were joking. Then his mother told him how he came downstairs in his pajamas, sat on the couch, and stared at the dinner guests. Paul didn't remember anything, so he insisted that it wasn't true. ~ But as he walked to school that morning, he wondered if his parents were sincere.~ The last sentence of the paragraph suggests that Paul was sure that his parents weren't telling the truth. Paul's parents made up the story as a joke. Paul remembered sleepwalking last night. Paul was uncertain about the truth of the sleepwalking story. D Mr. and Mrs. Gregor were very disappointed. Their vacation had been a disaster. It had rained for three days in a row, and Mrs. Gregor had been thrown from a horse. She had a fractured collarbone and the doctor advised to her to go home early and get some rest. They were relieved when they finally pulled into the driveway of their old Victorian house. Mr. Gregor gasped when he looked at the house. Half of it had been painted yellow. ~ Their sons had obviously planned to surprise them by painting the house while their parents were on vacation.~ The house was probably only half painted because the boys had planned on having more time. it had rained for three days. Mrs. Gregor had wanted it painted that way. the boys were lazy. A One thing that helps a boater find his way into the harbor is a buoy. A buoy is a marker that floats in the water. Red buoys mark the right side of a port entrance, and black or green buoys mark the left side. The lights on these buoys flash about 30 times in a minute. ~ Buoys are also used to warn boaters of an underwater danger such as a hidden rock.~ The lights on these warning buoys flash 60 times in a minute. The Coast Guard is responsible for taking care of the buoys. Buoys sometimes drift in heavy storms, so they must be returned to their proper spots. If a buoy is not in its proper place, a boater might run into it. its lights will not flash. a boater might be unaware of a hidden rock. it will sink. C Children in the Netherlands celebrate Lazybones Day about seven weeks after Easter. This tradition started long ago because of a man named Piet Lak. Piet was a soldier who fell asleep while the enemies marched into the Netherlands. Now the children remember him by making as much noise as possible on the morning of Lazybones Day. Early in the morning, they dash through the streets, shouting and banging on pots and pans. ~ If they knock on a door and find a child still sleeping, the child who was asleep must give them sweets.~ If you are in the Netherlands on Lazybones Day, it might be a good idea to sleep late. stay awake all night. wake up early. eat a big breakfast. C When Steve walked into the family room, his mother was watching one of those boring educational shows on TV. "Isn't there anything else on, Mom?" he complained. "Why don't you just give it a try?" she replied. But Steve was very stubborn. ~ He just stood there for awhile, pretending not to listen.~ The show was about a man who was very interested in airplanes and how they worked. He studied about air and wind flow. Then the man decided to make a toy that could fly further and higher than any other toy. It was a flying ring called an Aerobie. An athlete was shown throwing it more than one-fifth of a mile. The story suggests that Steve became interested in the show. left the room when he saw what was on TV. convinced his mother to change the channel. had already heard of the Aerobie. A Have you ever seen a squirrel fly? Well, a flying squirrel doesn't really fly, but it can glide through the air. A flap of furry skin extends between the squirrel's front and back legs on both sides. This flap is like a parachute. It allows the squirrel to leap from a tree and safely glide up to 50 yards. Just before it reaches the ground, the squirrel lifts his head and tail to slow himself down. ~ The squirrel can control the direction of his flight by lifting one of its legs.~ This helps the squirrel to avoid hitting any branches in its path. This paragraph suggests that a flying squirrel uses its leg as a brake. parachute. steering wheel. pair of wings. C Danny and I stood and watched the train pull away. We stayed there watching even after it had gone around the bend. We had had a great summer. I smiled as I remembered the look on Jim's face when we told him about Mr. Frank's dog. He believed every word of our story. He even believed the part about the dog swallowing a cat whole. Danny tapped me on the shoulder and said, "C'mon. We'd better go home." We both walked in silence for awhile. ~ Then Danny said, "I sure am going to miss Jim. I can't wait until next summer."~ What will probably happen next summer? Jim will come back for a visit. Mr. Frank's dog will swallow a cat. Danny will watch the trains go by every day. Jim will go far away on a train. A The bloodhound is a dog that is raised to recognize people by how they smell. Over the years, bloodhounds have rescued many missing children and adults. These dogs have also tracked down many criminals. The bloodhounds usually smell a piece of clothing that belongs to the missing person. Then they try to detect a trail of that scent. How can a bloodhound pick up a scent from a piece of clothing? Well, people shed about fifty million cells a day. These cells can be found on clothing. The scent of these cells helps the bloodhound to locate missing persons. This passage mainly tells us that bloodhounds cannot track down criminals. people shed fifty million cells each day. a bloodhound's keen sense of smell helps locate people. bloodhounds are good pets. C Sam Wilson once owned a meat packing business. His friends called him Uncle Sam. He supplied meat to the U.S. Army. The packages of meat sent to the army were stamped "U.S." for United States. When a man from the government visited the meat packing plant, he asked a worker what the "U.S." stamp meant. The worker wasn't sure, so he answered, "Uncle Sam." The man from the government discovered the real meaning of the stamp and told his friends who worked at the newspaper about the blunder. Soon, newspapers began using a cartoon figure of Uncle Sam as a symbol for the United States. This passage is mainly about Sam Wilson's meat packing business. how Uncle Sam became a symbol for the United States. supplying meat to the U.S. army. cartoon symbols for the United States. B In the 1950's, the yo-yo was a very popular toy for children. Although Tom Kuhn is now 43 years old, he still plays with yo-yo's. In fact, Kuhn has made a yo-yo called the Silver Bullet. It is made from top quality aluminum, and comes complete with spare string and axles, a leather carrying case, and instructions. If the string gets knotted or the axle wears out, the yo-yo can be taken apart and fixed. Kuhn's yo-yo was taken on the Discovery shuttle to be used in NASA's Toys in Space Experiment. Even in zero gravity, the yo-yo can be used to do many astonishing tricks. This passage is mainly about why the yo-yo was such a popular toy. how the yo-yo performed in the Toys in Space Experiment. the Silver Bullet yo-yo. how Tom Kuhn made the aluminum yo-yo. C Wouldn't it be nice if a computer could understand and obey your verbal command? You could say, "Turn off the lights!" and it would grant your wish. Computers that recognize speech do exist. A microphone on the computer picks up the sound waves of human speech. Then it stores the pattern of the sound in memory. Because every word has its own pattern, the computer can recognize and act on words in its vocabulary. This kind of technology still has a long way to go. It can only accept commands from one speaker, because every person has a different speech pattern. This passage tells mostly about a computer that can talk. the words that exist in a computer's vocabulary. a computer that recognizes speech. how a computer's microphone picks up sound waves of speech. C It is early in the morning in western Iowa, and a large group of cyclists are seen dipping their tires into the Sioux River. These cyclists perform this tradition before they begin a seven day journey across the state. Each year since 1973, hundreds of cyclists have come from all over the world to participate in RAGBRAI--the Register's Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa. Trucks carrying supplies follow the cyclists through the corn fields and small towns of Iowa. Along the way, the residents of these towns offer food, lodging, and encouragement to the exhausted travelers. This passage mainly tells about how RAGBRAI got started. why cyclists dip their tires in the river. a bicycle ride across Iowa. how the townspeople help the cyclists. C The Smithsonian Institution is a group of museums, art galleries, and research facilities. It was established in 1846 with money bequeathed by James Smithson. This Washington, D.C. attraction has one of the largest collections in the world. The National Museum of American History and the National Air and Space Museum are just two of its many buildings. Visitors to the institution can see the original "Star-Spangled Banner," Charles Lindbergh's plane - the Spirit of St. Louis, a collection of gowns belonging to the nation's First Ladies, and many more items of historical importance. This paragraph is mainly about James Smithson. the Spirit of St. Louis. the Smithsonian Institution. the "Star-Spangled Banner." C The man watched as the sun sank behind the Colorado mountain peak. He picked up the brush again and added pink and orange to the sky. An afternoon sky had become a beautiful sunset with a few strokes of his paintbrush. When he looked at the tree in the distance, he noticed that its leaves reflected some of the sky's brilliant colors. Using the tip of his brush, he added these colors to a few of the leaves. The man looked up again and noticed streaks of violet between the clouds. Trying to imitate the wonders of nature, he painted a few bands of violet on the sky. This paragraph is mainly about a man painting an outdoor scene at sunset. the beautiful sunsets in Colorado. the way leaves reflect a sunset. the difficulty of painting a sunset. A Studying deep sea animals has always been quite a challenge. Divers cannot go deep enough in ordinary scuba diving equipment. Scientists sometimes use submarines to take them deep into the ocean. But many sea animals are frightened away by the noise of a submarine. A recently invented diving suit called the Wasp has helped scientists study deep sea animals. It was originally developed for oil companies. The company divers used it to check the deep drilling rigs. In the Wasp, a diver can descend 2,000 feet. This story mainly tells how deep a diver can dive in the Wasp. why oil companies use the Wasp. how a new diving suit has helped scientists study sea animals. why sea animals are frightened by submarines. C The Adams family influenced American history for many years. Samuel Adams was one of the organizers of the Boston Tea Party. He also signed the Declaration of Independence. Samuel's cousin John Adams was the first Vice-President and the second President of the United States. John and Abigail's son John Quincy Adams held several political offices in his lifetime. He was a diplomat, senator, member of the House of Representatives, and President of the United States. John Quincy Adams' son Charles was a presidential candidate in 1848. This passage is mostly about the historical influence of the Adams family. Samuel Adams' work on the Boston Tea Party. John Quincy Adams' work as a diplomat. Charles Adams' presidential campaign. A We all know that most fish cannot survive out of water. There are, however, some fish that are very successful landlubbers. The African lungfish buries itself in the mud of dried up rivers and streams. Even after the mud turns to hard rock, it can endure there for more than a year. In India, the climbing perch moves about on land while carrying its water supply in its head. A mudskipper is a fish that can not only survive on land, but can climb trees. Using its front fins as feet, the mudskipper climbs trees in search of insects to eat. This passage is mainly about the African lungfish's method of survival on land. fish that can climb trees. fish that swim in India's waters. fish that can live on land. D When Clyde Tombaugh was a young man, he built himself a telescope. He used the telescope to study Mars and Jupiter. Clyde sent some drawings he made of those two planets to the experts at Lowell Observatory. They were so impressed by his drawings that they offered him a job. His job was trying to find "Planet X." Percival Lowell had predicted the existence of "Planet X," but he died before its discovery. On February 18, 1930, Clyde discovered "Planet X" and named it Pluto. Pluto is the farthest planet from the sun, and it is smaller than the Earth's moon. This passage is mainly about Clyde Tombaugh's homemade telescope. the Lowell Observatory. Clyde Tombaugh's discovery of Pluto. drawings of Mars and Jupiter. C The Olympic games started in ancient Greece, but they were very different from those of today. The games were a religious event. They were dedicated to the Greek god, Zeus. Therefore, only Greek citizens who could prove that they worshipped Zeus could participate in the games. No women were allowed to compete in the events. In fact, women were forbidden to be anywhere near the stadium where the games took place. The winning athletes were crowned with olive wreaths. After Rome conquered Greece, the Olympic games were no longer a religious event. This passage mainly tells what the Olympics were like in ancient Greece. how the Greeks worshipped Zeus. why women weren't allowed to compete in the Olympics. how Olympic athletes were honored in ancient Greece. A About 50 miles off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is the Great Barrier Reef. This natural wonder has always attracted tourists and divers. Soon, people will be able to stay in a nearby floating hotel. The Coastel is a seven-story hotel designed by Sten Sjostard. He got the idea for the unusual design from the floating dormitories that house offshore oil workers. It will have 174 guest rooms, restaurants, stores, a gym, and a marine laboratory. For those who want to observe the underwater life without getting wet, a glass elevator will take them to the seafloor. This passage tells mainly about life in the Great Barrier Reef. a new floating hotel. the designer of the Coastel. how guests can "dive" in a glass elevator. B The United States Treasury will soon be printing a new kind of dollar bill. If you look at it closely, you will be able to see a thin thread running through the left side of the bill. Very small letters will be printed on this thread. The words USA ONE will be printed on the threads of all one dollar bills. The print can only be seen through a very strong magnifying glass. These threads and tiny letters are being used to stop people from illegally copying money. Machines will not be able to copy the small print on the threads of the new money. This passage mainly tells about the new money that will soon be printed. United States Treasury. people who copy money illegally. tiny letters printed on the threads. A Monarch butterflies have been flying south for the winter for thousands of years. Millions of these beautiful creatures migrate from Canada to Mexico when the weather gets cold. The butterflies must flock to an area full of trees. This has become a problem over the years because the forests of Mexico have been cleared by farmers and loggers. Recently, the Mexican government set aside 11,000 acres where trees cannot be cleared. Many people thought that the law would hurt the farmers and loggers. But money is made from the many tourists who come to see the butterflies. This passage is mainly about why the butterflies migrate to Mexico. how the Mexican government has helped the butterflies. the tourists who come to see the butterflies. the habits of the Monarch butterfly. B Because Dobermans are often used as guard dogs and police dogs, they have a reputation for being ferocious killers. Fred and Rosalie Simpson are dedicated to improving the Dobermans' reputation. They are the leaders of the Doberman Drill Team. Sixteen dogs and twenty-two people perform precision marching patterns. The dogs demonstrate their skills by running through an obstacle course. All members of the team wear costumes that reflect the theme of the performance. For seventeen years, the drill team has performed in the Fourth of July parade in Redwood City, California. This passage is mainly about the bad reputation of Dobermans. the Doberman Drill Team. Fred and Rosalie Simpson. the costumes worn by the team. B Flight simulators are machines that help pilots learn how to react in emergency situations. An exact duplicate of the cockpit is mounted on mechanical legs. When the pilot sits in the simulator, he sees the control panel, hears the sound of the engines, and feels the bumps of the runway. Today, flight simulators are so realistic that the pilot can see exactly what he would see if he were landing at a real airport. Without putting any lives in danger, a pilot can face an in-flight emergency and learn to deal with it as if it were real. Which sentence tells the most about this passage? Today's flight simulators are unrealistic. In a flight simulator, pilots can hear the sound of the engines. Flight simulators help pilots learn to cope with emergencies. Pilots must practice landing in flight simulators. C Ed Harrison is very interested in birds' eggs. He is so interested that he founded a nonprofit museum that specializes in birds' eggs. The Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology has a collection of 800,000 birds' eggs. The eggs have been collected over many years. Some have been gathered from other museums that were no longer interested in the eggs. The fragments of the eggshells have been used to solve many conservation problems. The collection includes a fourteen-inch long egg from the extinct elephant bird of Madagascar. This passage is mainly about the birds' eggs collection at a nonprofit museum. Ed Harrison's interest in birds' eggs. what we learn from eggs of extinct birds. how to find interesting birds' eggs. A Hospital patients are exposed to many different kinds of contagious diseases. Hospitals work hard to fight the spread of infection. One of the biggest problems has been bacteria that collects on the phones in the patients' rooms. Phones are difficult to clean, and are therefore good breeding grounds for infection. Recently, some hospitals have solved this problem by using only disposable phones. When the patient enters the hospital, he has the option to buy a disposable phone for about ten dollars. The patient can then throw the phone away or take it home. Which sentence tells the most about this passage? Disposable phones help stop the spread of infection in hospitals. Phones are good breeding grounds for infection. A patient can take home his disposable phone. Phones are difficult to clean. A A volcanologist is a person who studies volcanoes. One of the most important jobs of the volcanologist is to watch for the signs of possible eruption. In 1980, when Mt. St. Helens erupted, volcanologists were able to foretell the eruption so the residents could evacuate the area. Any changes in the gases escaping from the volcano are signs of a possible eruption. Another sign of possible eruption is the rising temperature of the ground near the volcano. Volcanologists keep a close watch on any changes in the escaping gases and on the temperature of the ground. Which sentence tells the most about this passage? Volcanologists observe the gases that escape from volcanoes. Rising ground temperature is a warning sign for volcanologists. Volcanologists watch for the warning signs of eruption. When Mt. St. Helens erupted, nearby residents were evacuated. C Thomas Alva Edison is famous for his many inventions. These inventions, which include the phonograph and the electric light, made life easier and more enjoyable for many people. One of his first inventions made his own life easier. ~ In fact, it allowed him to sleep on the job.~ When he was a young man, he worked in a telegraph station. He was supposed to check the wires once every hour of the night by sending a signal to another station. Instead, he invented a gadget that sent the signal for him. This meant that Thomas could sleep and do his job at the same time. How did Thomas Edison's gadget make his own life easier? He was able to work on other inventions. He only had to check the wires once every two hours. He was able to get some rest. He sold it for a lot of money. C Almost everyone knows the fairy tale of Cinderella and her glass slipper. The first version of this famous story was written in French. In the French version, Cinderella did not wear glass slippers. Cinderella's shoes were really short boots made of squirrel fur. ~ The French words for glass (verre) and squirrel fur (vair) look very much the same.~ So, the mistake was probably made when the story was translated from French to English. Mistakes are often made when stories are translated from one language to another. It is interesting to imagine Cinderella wearing fur boots with her ball gown! What happened when the story was translated from French to English? Cinderella's glass slipper was changed to a fur boot. The French words for "glass" and "fur" were mixed up. The writer decided Cinderella should wear fur boots with her gown. The story became much longer. B Although people living in New Zealand speak English, many of their common expressions are different from those used in the United States. ~ For example, if a neighbor in New Zealand tells you your section looks nice, he is referring to your yard.~ Don't be alarmed if you are offered fruit fingers as a snack. These are simply what we call fig newtons. If a New Zealand native asks you to rattle your dags, he wants you to hurry up. In New Zealand, a globe refers to a light bulb, and a script is a prescription. Party clothes should be worn if you are asked to wear glad rags. In New Zealand, a yard is called a globe. lot. script. section. D Animals need salt to stay alive. They usually get this salt from the foods they eat. But, the elephants that live on Mount Elgon in Africa must search for their salt. When it gets dark, these elephants go into the nearby caves. The caves are confined, so the elephants must walk in single file. They use their trunks to help them find their way in the dark. Using their tusks, the elephants knock rocks from the cave walls. ~ They chew on these rocks to get the salt they need.~ In fact, the elephants may have made these caves by chipping away at the rocks in search of salt. The elephants go into the caves when it rains. because they need salt. to hide from their enemies. to sleep. B Norman Rockwell is an American artist whose paintings tell the story of six decades of history. Rockwell's career as an illustrator began in 1913, when he was asked to draw pictures to accompany stories in a Boy Scout magazine. By the 1970's, his subject matter had evolved to drawing men on the moon for a national magazine. ~ Although he is best known for his humorous depiction of everyday life,~ Rockwell also painted many serious historical portraits. These included his views of Abraham Lincoln giving the Gettysburg Address, and Betsy Ross sewing the American flag. Norman Rockwell is most famous for his painting of Abraham Lincoln. magazine cover of man on the moon. painting of Betsy Ross sewing the flag. humorous pictures of daily life. D Have you ever wondered how a knight in shining armor got into his decorative suit? Well, it probably took him quite a while to get dressed in the morning. Some of the most elaborate suits of armor were made up of 20 pieces. A knight's feet were covered with steel shoes called sabatons. ~ The piece that protected his chest and back was called the cuirass.~ When a knight attended an important event, he dressed in his best suit of armor. This fancy costume was tooled with designs like mini monsters, flowers, leaflets, and swirls. The piece that covered the knight's back and chest was called the leaflet. sabaton. armor. cuirass. D Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and the farthest planet from earth that can be seen with the naked eye. It is best known for its flat rings. The rings that surround the planet are made up of small pieces of rock and ice. According to some scientists, these pieces of rock and ice are the remains of a moon. The flights of Voyager I and II revealed that Saturn has at least 22 moons beyond its rings. Saturn is about 900 million miles away from the sun. ~ Although it is the second largest planet, Saturn is very light in weight.~ Which of these statements about Saturn is false? It is the sixth largest planet. Scientists believe its rings are made up of pieces of rock and ice. It is about 900 million miles away from the sun. It can be seen without a telescope. A If you have ever heard a weatherman talking about the devastation caused by Bonnie or Charley, he was probably talking about a hurricane. A hurricane is a violent storm that is shaped like a doughnut. Like a doughnut,~ a hurricane has a hole in the middle. This hole is called the eye, and the air in the eye is perfectly calm.~ Around the eye, the hurricane is a huge spinning circle of rain and wind. A hurricane begins over the ocean, and sometimes moves to the land. Since 1953, the United States Weather Service has used first names like Bonnie and Charley to identify hurricanes. The center of a hurricane is called Bonnie. the doughnut. the eye. the storm. C Icebergs are large chunks of ice that float in the waters near the North and South poles. They break off from glaciers and drift to warmer water where they eventually melt. Many icebergs weigh millions of tons and are many miles wide. We can only see a small part of an iceberg. The part under the water is about eight times larger than the part we see. Because icebergs come from glaciers, they are free of salt. ~ So, some scientists believe that icebergs could be towed to port cities and used to solve water shortage problems.~ Icebergs are made up of frozen salt water. only found in the North Pole. possible solutions to a city's water shortage. much larger above the water's surface than below it. C The wind howled and the rain pounded steadily on the shingled roof. Terry shivered as she watched a fork of lightning flash across the sky. She wished she hadn't watched that scary movie. ~ Why is it that there is always a thunderstorm after a scary movie?~ Just then she heard a bang coming from the basement. Terry shook with fright. Should she investigate the noise or run upstairs and lock herself in the bathroom? She decided to be courageous. Terry was relieved to discover that the noise had been caused by the wind blowing the basement door open. Watching a scary movie caused Terry to be even more scared by the storm. have nightmares. lock herself in the bathroom. refuse to go down to the basement. A ~ In the 1920's the Japanese developed sanpuru, or plastic food.~ Today, the manufacturing of plastic food is a big business in Japan. The plastic food is often displayed in restaurants to help customers make their selections. It is also used on television commercials. The food looks genuine, but will not spoil or melt under the hot lights. Plastic food of all kinds is made by the Iwasaki Company, Ltd. in Tokyo. The plastic is molded into the shape of a food and then carefully painted. Sanpuru can be very expensive, but it lasts forever. Which word does not correctly describe sanpuru? expensive lasting man-made natural D ~ Children who live in Kampong Ayer, a small village in Asia, can swim in their own backyards.~ These children do not have swimming pools. ~ Their back and front yards consist of the Brunei River.~ Kampong Ayer is a community built on stilts above the river. The residents find it a pleasant place to live because the evaporation of the water keeps them cool. The community has very few problems with crime, or drug and alcohol abuse. People either travel on a system of bridges that connects the houses, or ride in boats on the village's main waterway thoroughfares. Which statement about life in Kampong Ayer is false? Crime is not a big problem in the community. The houses are built on stilts. Pollution keeps people from swimming in the river. A system of bridges connects the houses. C The waters of the Caribbean are known for being beautifully clear and full of life. Many people enjoy observing this life by scuba diving or touring in glass bottom boats. Now there is another way to experience the wonder of underwater life. ~ Research Submersibles Ltd. has converted submarines formerly used in oil field work to touring boats.~ Visitors to the Grand Cayman Islands can go down 1,000 feet deep into the ocean in these submarines. A special plastic viewing dome allows the passengers to get a close up glimpse of all kinds of colorful fish and plant life. Which of these statements about the touring submarines is true? They have glass bottoms. They can go only 100 feet deep. They were once used in oil field work. They are used by the military. C The last car on a freight train is called a caboose. The caboose was once a very important part of the train. The caboose was a second home to the train conductor. Many cabooses had desks, bunks, stoves, and tables in them. Some conductors even decorated their cabooses with curtains and carpeting. ~ Now that computers have taken over many of the duties of the train conductor, some people feel that cabooses are obsolete.~ In the future, more cabooses will probably be seen in museums than on the ends of freight trains. Which of these statements about cabooses is false? A caboose was a conductor's second home. A caboose is the last car on a freight train. Some cabooses were decorated by conductors. Cabooses will probably be used for many years to come. D Would you want to wear a skeleton around your neck, hanging from your ears, or around your wrist? ~ Coral, which is often used to make jewelry, is really the skeleton of a sea animal.~ The coral polyp is a tiny sea animal that attaches itself to a rock. When the polyp dies, new polyps live in its skeleton while they create their own skeletons. Layers and layers of coral are built up. As time passes, reefs and islands are formed from coral. These reefs are found mostly in the South Pacific. The Great Barrier Reef, which is made of coral, is 1,260 miles wide! Coral is often used to make skeletons. rocks. jewelry. soup. C Pikes Peak is the top of a 14,110 foot mountain. It was named for Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike. ~ He was sent to define the southwest boundary of the Louisiana Purchase.~ When he reached the present site of Pueblo, Colorado, he saw the great summit in the distance. Because it rises up from the flatlands, it appears to be even taller than its actual height. During the gold rush of 1859, Pikes Peak was the marker that helped many prospectors find their way westward. In 1891, the Manitou & Pikes Peak Railway was finished. This made it easier for travelers to get to the peak. Lieutenant Pike went to Colorado to look for gold. build the Manitou & Pikes Peak Railway. define the boundary of the Louisiana Purchase. climb Pikes Peak. C Long ago, before refrigerators had been invented, keeping food fresh was a challenging problem. In 1795, Napoleon offered a prize to anyone who could find an improved method of food preservation. In 1809, Peter Durand invented the tin canister. The first cannery was established two years later in England. ~ Before the invention of the can opener, customers were instructed to use a hammer and a chisel to open the cans.~ Today, foods are still preserved in cans. The food is heated to kill any bacteria, then cooled and sealed in airtight cans. Long ago, people opened tin cans by heating them. with a hammer and chisel. with can openers. to find prizes inside. B Diamonds have always been symbols of wealth and power. They have also been called "a girl's best friend." However, most diamonds do not become jewels. Because diamonds are the hardest things that come from the earth, most of them are used to make cutting tools. A diamond can only be cut with a tool made from another diamond. If you are ever searching for diamonds, you should not look for brightly sparkling stones. ~ When they are taken from the ground, they are gray and dull.~ After they are cut and polished, they are clear and shiny. Which word does not describe an uncut diamond? gray sparkling hard dull B Christmas in Santa Fe, New Mexico, is known for its charming traditions. The buildings and walkways are lit with farolitos. These are small brown bags filled with sand and lit from the inside with a candle. Throughout the holiday season, farolitos are used to decorate the city. Every holiday has its traditional feast, and Christmas dinner in Santa Fe is made up of many spicy dishes. ~ Enchiladas, tamales, and posole, a flavorful stew, are some of the favorites at Christmastime.~ The Indians of Santa Fe also include sacred dances in their Christmas celebrations. Posole is a bag lit from the inside with a candle. a flavorful stew. a sacred Indian dance. a traditional feast in Santa Fe. B What kind of animal would stand as tall as a six-story building? According to Dr. James Jensen, an "Ultrasaurus" would be that tall. Ultrasaurus is the name of the dinosaur he is putting together. He found bones from what he believes was once one of the largest dinosaurs. The shoulder blade and the leg bone are each nine feet long. ~ The bones he has found will help him to estimate the size of the other bones. Dr. Jensen plans to put together a skeleton of the Ultrasaurus using these bones and some artificial ones.~ Why would Dr. Jensen use artificial bones to create the skeleton? He needs to substitute them for the missing bones. The artificial bones are easier to work with. The real bones are too large. He wants to give the real bones to a museum. A Where can you find shops, restaurants, a hotel, a skating rink, a petting zoo, an amusement park, and a water slide, all under one roof? They are in Canada, at the West Edmonton Mall. This mall, the largest in the world, is the size of 108 football fields. With its extensive facilities, the mall can truly be said to offer something for everyone. If you visit the mall, you can watch a dolphin show and take a ride in a submarine. Then you can eat in one of the 100 specialty restaurants, or go shopping in  one of the mall's 800 boutiques. If you like the beach, you can relax on the sand and even get a tan in the artificial sunlight. What is the first activity mentioned? eating getting a tan shopping in boutiques watching a dolphin show D Our final project for social studies was to build a model city. It had to be built to a certain scale and have coded colors. This meant that a residential building had to be red, a commercial building blue, and so on. My father gave my partner and me a rectangular board to use as a base. We were only allowed to use materials we could find around the house. First, we painted the board white. Then we made the roads with some black electrical tape. After the roads were in place, we painted some bottle caps red and arranged them to show a residential neighborhood. What happened first? The students painted the bottle caps red. The students made roads with black tape. The students arranged the bottle caps into a neighborhood. The students painted the board white. D Some 250 people in England have an unusual nighttime task. They have volunteered to be crossing guards for toads during the spring mating season. The toads must cross some heavily traveled roads to get from their dry winter homes to the breeding ponds. In the past, many toads were killed as they tried to cross the roads. Now the crossing guards stand ready to help them cross safely. The latest scheme, though, is a special tunnel which has been built under the Henley roadway in southern England. It is hoped that the toads will soon discover the location of the new tunnel. What happened before the crossing guards went on duty? The toad tunnel was opened. The toads were afraid to cross the road. The toads lived all year in the breeding ponds. Many toads were killed trying to cross the road. D Most young people look forward to getting a driver's license. The requirements for this license vary from place to place. The easiest test for a driver's license is in Egypt, where you merely have to drive forward for six meters and then backward for six meters. In most places, however, it is much more challenging to pass the test. One woman in Yorkshire, England, failed the driving test 39 times in eight years. She finally passed on her 40th try, when she was 62 years old. By then she had spent so much money on driving lessons that she could no longer afford to buy a car! What happened after the woman's 62nd birthday? She bought a car. She passed her driving test. She took driving lessons for eight years. She took the driving test 40 times. B Yesterday some special speakers came to our classroom. Miss Dolan talked about her job as an aerospace engineer. I was completely fascinated as she explained the many factors that can affect the performance of an aircraft. I was sure that I wanted to be an aerospace engineer. Then Dr. Porter discussed his career in medicine. I was very impressed by his commitment to help those who could not pay for their medical care. I was certain I wanted to become a doctor. Then Mr. Shelby arrived. His job was to find new and interesting things to be displayed at the museum. That job sounded fascinating to me too. Who was the first one to speak to the class? Dr. Porter the author Miss Dolan, an aerospace engineer Mr. Shelby, who worked at a museum C The first basketball contest in the U. S. was in 1892. Modern basketball was devised by Dr. James A. Naismith, a Canadian who was working in Massachusetts. There were earlier versions of the game. In 10th century Mexico, there was a game called Pok-ta-Pok which had a ring through which a round object was passed. Six centuries later in Mexico, the game was called Ollamalitzli, and the stakes were high. A player tried to put a solid rubber ball through a stone ring high on the stadium wall. If he succeeded, he got to keep the clothing of all the spectators. The captain of the losing team often had his head cut off! Which happened first? Dr. James A. Naismith moved from Canada to the U. S. Pok-ta-Pok was played in Mexico. Ollamalitzli was played in Mexico. The first U.S. basketball game was played. B Ray Kroc was curious. A little hamburger joint in San Bernardino, California had bought eight milkshake machines from him. So, he went to see the thriving restaurant for himself. He was surprised to see people standing in line to buy fifteen-cent hamburgers. Kroc had discovered the original McDonald's! He believed that this type of restaurant could be very successful. He convinced the owners to allow him to open McDonald's restaurants in other parts of the country. Today there are about 7,000 McDonald's in the United States and 29 other countries. What happened right after Ray Kroc visited the McDonald's in San Bernardino? The McDonald's in San Bernardino ordered milkshake machines. Ray Kroc began opening McDonald's restaurants in America. McDonald's restaurants were opened in foreign countries. Ray Kroc started selling milkshake machines. B Barbara was curled up in the chair reading a mystery novel. She looked up for a moment and saw her brother tiptoe down the hall. Barbara became wary. Her brother was known for his practical jokes. She got up quietly to investigate. When she peeked into her room, her brother was setting up a tape recorder under her desk. He probably wanted to eavesdrop on her phone conversations. Barbara smiled as she thought of a way to discourage her brother's practical jokes in the future. She would really give him something interesting to hear. What happened first? Barbara thought of a plan to discourage her brother's practical jokes. Barbara saw her brother tiptoe down the hall. Barbara looked up from her book. Barbara saw her brother setting up a tape recorder in her room. C If you want to feel like a giant, go to visit the Dutch city of Madurodam. This miniature city is filled with wooden buildings of all kinds, from all periods in Dutch history. One of the showpieces is a model of the famous St. Jan's Cathedral. The original St. Jan's was built between 1330 and 1550, taking over 200 years to complete. The model took over five years to build. The miniature city was named after George Maduro, who was a World War II hero. His parents had the idea for the project. Madurodam was completed in 1952. It is the biggest little city in the world. Even in miniature, it is the size of a football field! What happened first? The full size St. Jan's Cathedral was built. The city of Madurodam was finished. The model of St. Jan's Cathedral was built. George Maduro's parents planned the project. A Farmers have perpetually had problems with insects, birds, and other animals destroying their crops. In Sri Lanka, a country close to India, farmers have a problem with elephants eating their crops. The elephants come to the fields during the dry season. The adult elephants are easily scared away, but the baby elephants are often left behind. These baby elephants are taken to Pinnewala, an orphanage for elephants. They are fed milk from rubber hoses attached to bottles. When they are old enough, some of the elephants are sold to zoos. What takes place first? The elephants are sold to zoos. The elephants wander into the field. The baby elephants are taken to Pinnewala. The baby elephants are left behind by their parents. B Bill stomped down the steps and pushed the door open with his right arm. He hoped that his teacher would notice his displeasure and offer him an alternative assignment. But she just ignored him. Bill had broken his arm in a tackle football game. Now he had to supervise the first graders during recess. At first, Bill sat on the steps and sulked. Then, as he observed the young children playing, he offered them advice about throwing and catching. Bill remembered how much he liked to play ball when he was younger, so he organized a game of dodgeball. The next day at recess, he taught them how to play kickball. Right after Bill was asked to supervise the first graders, he played dodgeball with them. taught the children how to play kickball. broke his arm. sat on the steps, feeling sorry for himself. D The Golden Gate Bridge, which spans California's San Francisco Bay, is one of the most photographed structures in the world. Its graceful, elegant beauty is also functional. It carries an average of 60,000 vehicles a day. One summer day in 1986, a record 129,746 vehicles crossed it. The Golden Gate Bridge was first opened to traffic in May of 1937. Some people pushed peanuts across the bridge to mark the opening. During the 50th anniversary celebration in 1987, there was a parade of antique cars. The bridge was opened for foot traffic, so that people could stroll across the famous landmark. What happened right after the bridge was opened to the public? People pushed peanuts across the bridge. The anniversary celebration was planned. There was a parade of antique cars. In one day, 129,746 vehicles crossed the bridge. A George Washington Carver helped farmers to keep their soil rich and fertile by advising them to rotate their crops. This meant that they should plant a different kind of crop each year. So in addition to cotton, they planted peanuts and sweet potatoes. However, there wasn't a great demand for peanuts and sweet potatoes. Carver solved this problem by finding over 300 uses for the peanut plant and over 100 uses for sweet potatoes. Ink, cheese, dye, soap and cosmetics were just some of the products that could be made from the peanut plant. What crop were the farmers planting before they took Carver's advice? peanuts cotton corn sweet potatoes B The detective peered around the corner. He watched the suspect step into the elevator. After the elevator doors closed, the detective observed the numbers to determine which floor the elevator was bound for. Then he rushed down the stairs to meet the elevator at the ground floor. He was too late. The elevator had already arrived. The detective quickly scanned the lobby and spotted the suspect talking to the desk clerk. After the suspect left the building, the detective questioned the desk clerk. He discovered that the tall man had checked out and was heading for the airport. What happened immediately after the suspect left the building? The detective questioned the desk clerk. The detective ran down the stairs. The suspect got into the elevator. The suspect arrived at the airport. A King Henry VIII of England made many decisions that drastically affected history. But he is undoubtedly best known for having six wives. His first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, was annulled after twenty years. Then he married Anne Boleyn. She was executed at Henry's request. His third wife, Jane Seymour, died after giving birth to Henry's only male heir, Edward VI. Then Henry married and divorced Anne of Cleves. Next he married Catherine Howard. But, he had her beheaded fairly soon after their marriage. His last wife, Catherine Parr, was Henry's only widow. What happened after Jane Seymour died? Henry married Anne of Cleves. Henry's only male heir was born. Henry married Anne Boleyn. Henry married Catherine Parr. A Leadville, Colorado is a town which has had three lives. Gold was discovered in Colorado in 1860, and the town which sprang up nearby was called Oro City. Greedy miners crowded in, making Oro City the largest settlement in the Colorado Territory--until the gold ran out. Ten years later, silver and lead were located in the area. The town was reborn as "Leadville," and swelled to 35,000 inhabitants. Millions of dollars worth of silver and lead were extracted from the mines before the town died again. About 1900, molybdenum was found in the area, and mining was resumed. This time the town was not renamed! Which metal was responsible for the third life of the mining town? lead gold silver molybdenum D Making a glass container involves many steps. First, the materials needed to make glass are combined in a large vat. Several materials are used, but the three key ingredients are sand, soda, and limestone. This mixture is then heated in a furnace until it liquifies. After the glass cools, it is shaped into the desired container. Blowing the glass is one method of shaping it. A glass-blower rolls the melted glass into a ball and attaches it to the end of a blow-pipe. Then he blows into the pipe as if he were blowing a bubble. He shapes the glass as he blows, and then uses special tools to complete the detail work. What happens first? The glass-blower blows into a pipe. The mixture is put into a furnace. The melted glass is allowed to cool. The glass-blower finishes his work with special tools. B Albert looked up from his book when the train came to an abrupt stop. He gazed out the window. The row houses seemed close enough to touch. When the train started up again, Albert realized that none of the buildings were familiar. He looked for a conductor, but the only person in the car was a woman reading a magazine. The woman noticed Albert's puzzled expression. "What's the matter, boy? Did you get on the wrong train?" she asked. Albert told the woman where he wanted to go. She explained that he had just missed his stop, and that he could soon board another train going back to the right station. What happened just before Albert was helped by the woman? He realized that he didn't recognize his surroundings. He boarded another train. The train came to a sudden stop. He looked for a conductor. D If you were to guess what ingredients go into the making of a bar of clean, sweet-smelling soap, you probably would not guess animal tallows or greases and oils. In reality however, soap is made by boiling these fats with alkalies. The process of boiling these ingredients is repeated five or six times. When the fats are saponified, or made into soap, the liquid is poured into another machine where it churns and thickens. As it churns, other ingredients like perfumes and colors are added to the mixture. Then the melted soap is ready to be made into bars or cakes. What happens before the fats are saponified? The fats are boiled with alkalies. Perfumes and colors are added. The soap is churned. The soap is made into bars and cakes. A A large predatory fish such as a tiger grouper usually feeds on small fish and shrimp. But when it needs a good cleaning, it depends on the same small sea animals. The tiger grouper goes to where it can find the brightly colored "cleaner fish." It lets them know it is there to be cleaned by striking strange poses. Then the cleaner fish carefully remove fungus and plant growth from the body of the large fish. The smaller fish are willing to do this because they eat all the material that they remove. When the large fish has had enough of the cleaning, it shakes vigorously. What happens right after the tiger grouper strikes a strange pose? The tiger grouper shakes vigorously. The cleaner fish remove fungus from the large fish's body. The tiger grouper goes where it can find the cleaner fish. The tiger grouper feeds on the smaller fish. B ~ Polly was frantic.~ Her English teacher had given her class an essay assignment. She usually did well on papers, but this one had to be written during class time. The class had been working on writing from personal experience, so the teacher wanted to see how they would do if their time was limited. Ten minutes had passed and Polly's paper was blank. Her teacher had stressed that something ordinary could be interesting. Polly decided to write about her first day of kindergarten. As she remembered  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<her feelings of fear and excitement that day, ideas began to flow. Before she thought of an idea, Polly probably felt confident. frustrated. prepared. relieved. B The 1985 movie Amadeus was based on the life of the famous Austrian composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. He showed early musical aptitude, and began performing and writing music as a very young child. ~ He composed over one thousand pieces of music in his lifetime~ for opera, symphony orchestra, chorus, string quartet, and solo instrumental performer. Most of it was not published until after he died at the age of 35. He worked very quickly; ideas rushed into his head faster than he could write them down. He wrote three of his great symphonies in the space of 42 days in 1788. Which word could not be used to describe Mozart? versatile creative lazy gifted C Kevin's heart pounded as he listened to the announcer. He knew his name would be called soon. This was one of the most important parts of the competition. When his name was called, he dutifully walked to his desk. He knew hundreds of students were cheering him on, but his mind was full of memorized facts, so he didn't hear them. The first question was about the Bill of Rights. The announcer read it clearly, and Kevin wrote the answer with confidence. ~ He was also sure about his next three answers. When the fifth question was read, Kevin's heart sank.~ We can assume that Kevin was not listening when the fifth question was read. was unsure about his answer to the second question. was annoyed by the students' shouts of encouragement. did not feel confident about his answer to the fifth question. D What is your reaction when you see a strange insect in your house? Have you ever wondered about what it was named? ~ Some insects have very picturesque names indeed.~ For instance, there is the colorful greenbottle fly, the yellow woolybear moth, and the red admiral butterfly. Of course there is also the frightening assassin bug, the deathwatch beetle, and the burying beetle. Take courage though; it is hard to be afraid of an insect named a squashbug, a squint-eye spider, or a confused flower beetle! We can assume from reading the passage that you could be killed by an assassin bug. insects should be called by their scientific names. insects are sometimes given amusing names. all spiders are harmful. C It was as long as four city blocks and as tall as an eleven-story building. Many of its wealthy passengers enjoyed using the Turkish bath, swimming pool, squash court, and gymnasium. They also dined in its luxurious restaurants and French sidewalk cafes. It was called glorious and unsinkable. It was the Titanic. On April 14, 1912, this glorious and unsinkable ocean liner sank to the bottom of the Atlantic. Of the 2,200 passengers, only about 700 were saved. ~ The Titanic struck an iceberg after ignoring several warnings about a field of ice that blocked the ship's path.~ The last sentence suggests that the Titanic disaster was predicted by the press. might have been avoided. was completely unavoidable. is the worst in the history of ocean liners. B Ellen let out a deep sigh as she closed her book. She had been studying for three hours. Her big history exam was the next day, and the park had been a serene place to study. As she got up to leave, she spotted a four-leaf clover in the grass. Maybe it would bring her good luck on the exam! The next morning, Ellen saw John, a friend from her history class, walking slowly toward the classroom. ~ He looked very worried. He said he had spent a lot of time studying, but that essay exams weren't his strong point.~ Ellen was confident about the test, so she decided to give the clover to John. Ellen probably hoped that the clover would help John feel smarter. insecure. self-assured. safe. C Many people invest their money in the stock market. ~ They usually get advice about good investments from an expert in the field.~ However, Anthony Silverman of Minneapolis, Minnesota gets his guidance from a different source. He spreads out the stock listings in the newspaper and lets his dog walk on them. The first stock the dog's right paw touches is the stock Mr. Silverman buys. This may sound strange, but Mr. Silverman claims that his dog has been responsible for a lot of good decisions. He believes that he has found the best way to choose stock. What does "an expert in the field" mean in this passage? someone who works on a farm someone who knows a lot about investing in the stock market someone who uses pets to pick winning stocks someone who lives in Minneapolis B "You can't borrow my records because you are too careless!" His sister's words rang in Oliver's head. At the time, he thought his sister was being unfair and unreasonable. He thought she was refusing to let him borrow her records simply out of spite. But now he stared at the warped record. He had left it on the heater when he ran to answer the telephone. Then he had gone to the arcade with his friends and forgotten all about the record. ~ Now he realized that his sister had been right about his carelessness.~ Oliver knew that he'd have to replace his sister's record. He wondered if he would ever deserve her trust. We can tell that Oliver is afraid that his sister will discover the warped record. disappointed in his own neglectfulness. confident that his sister will forgive him if he replaces the record. not worried about what his parents will say about the record. B For thousands of years, people have enjoyed looking at the moon. Its changing shapes and brightness have inspired artists throughout the years. Many poems and songs have been written about the shining moon. But the moon is actually a ball of rough, gray rock. It doesn't glow or shine at all. Its light comes from the sun. The moon acts like a mirror and reflects the sun's light. The earth also reflects the sun's light. If you looked down at the earth from out in space, it would glow like the moon. ~ So, the artists really have the sun to thank for their inspiration.~ The last sentence suggests that the sun is more beautiful than the moon. moon is much smaller than the sun. sun is responsible for the moon's beauty. poets should have written about the sun. C Porcupines have been around for two and a half million years. Today they live in the forests of the United States and Canada. ~ It is often said that a porcupine can throw its poisonous quills to defend itself. There are two myths in this statement.~ First of all, a porcupine's quills are not poisonous. If they were, the species would not have survived so long because a porcupine often pricks itself with its own quills. Secondly, a porcupine does not throw its quills. A threatened porcupine thrashes its tail at its enemy and the quills remain stuck in the enemy's skin. From this passage we can tell that porcupines are often poisoned by their own quills. misunderstood by people. attacked by their mates. seen in the desert. B Topiary is the art of training plants to grow in special shapes. In amusement parks such as Disneyland, trees and shrubs are often seen in the shapes of animals. Plants are chosen with a certain shape in mind. For example, a short, rounded shrub might be used to make a pig. ~ The shrub is clipped into shape in a greenhouse until it is ready to be unveiled. Plant sculptures are also made with chicken wire.~ The chicken wire is shaped into an animal and then filled with moss. Fast growing vines are planted in the moss and then wound around the wire as they grow. From this paragraph we can conclude that there are at least two ways to grow plants in special shapes. topiary is only used in amusement parks. it takes a long time to shape a shrub into an animal. tall trees are never used in topiary. A People today seem to be sincerely concerned about their health. It is difficult to read through a newspaper or magazine, or watch television without being exposed to some new information about ways to reduce the risk of heart disease. A Florida heart specialist, Dr. Zacharia, has joined the fight against heart disease in a unique way. He offers discounts to his patients who take good health seriously. ~ For example, if a patient lowers his blood pressure or cholesterol level, Dr. Zacharia takes 5% off his bill.~ A substantial discount is also available to patients who stop smoking. From this passage, we can conclude that Dr. Zacharia does not encourage his patients to exercise regularly. is only motivated by making money. believes that high blood pressure contributes to heart problems. has never smoked a cigarette. C Justin was constantly dreaming up new schemes to raise money. When he was younger, he and his friends put on skits and charged admission. Then he had sold magazine subscriptions door to door. But Justin did not enjoy hard work. He wanted to find a way to earn a lot of money in a hurry. One day while he was reading the newspaper, Justin discovered what he thought was the ideal money-making opportunity. A casting director was looking for extras for a new movie. ~ To qualify, you had to be 12 to 15 years old.~ Justin thought he was perfect for the job until he read on. The extras were required to dye their hair green! We can tell that Justin would not mind dying his hair green to get the job. will probably go back to selling magazine subscriptions. is not more than 15 years old. is not very resourceful. C If you have ever had your temperature taken, you have probably noticed a silvery substance inside the thermometer. This substance is called mercury. Mercury comes from cinnabar, a red rock found near volcanoes. When the metal from this rock is melted, it becomes a liquid. But it is a very unusual liquid, because it is dry. You can actually stick your finger into mercury without getting it wet. If a puddle of mercury is pushed, it breaks up into many little rolling balls. ~ Although it can be very useful, mercury is a dangerous poison.~ The author suggests that mercury should not be touched. eaten. melted. heated. B Climbing trees has always been an adventure enjoyed by children. Many adults also enjoy climbing trees. Tree Climbers International is an organization that wants to establish tree climbing as a recognized sport. ~ The organization believes that climbing trees is good exercise. They also think it allows you to view nature from a new perspective.~ Methods of tree climbing used by tree surgeons are taught at a school in Atlanta. There are six levels of difficulty in tree climbing. They range from climbing a 25-foot tree to climbing a 350-foot tree. What might it mean to "view nature from a new perspective"? Nature will be more enjoyable if you exercise. Nature will look different from high up in a tree. Members of Tree Climbers International enjoy nature more often. You will enjoy nature more when tree climbing is a recognized sport. B In 1776, Father Junipero Serra founded the Mission San Juan Capistrano. It was California's seventh mission. A small adobe church was built at the site. In 1806, a large and elaborately decorated stone church was built at the mission. But six years later, an earthquake caused the tower and heavy roof to fall. Today, visitors can see this church as it looked after the earthquake. The mission has become famous because of the flock of swallows that live there. ~ The birds supposedly arrive every year on March 19th and leave on October 23rd.~ The last sentence suggests that it is believed that the birds come and go on these dates. the birds do not live at the mission. it is a recorded fact that the birds come and go on these dates. the birds living at the mission are not swallows. A Which animal is the fastest runner? It is difficult to measure precisely, but~ it is generally agreed that the cheetah is the fastest over short distances~--up to 600 yards. The cheetah can run about 60 miles an hour at this distance. The cheetah, sometimes called the hunting leopard, is found on the plains of East Africa. ~ The champion long distance runner is the pronghorn antelope of the Western United States.~ This graceful animal has been observed to travel at 35 miles an hour for distances up to four miles. What would happen if the cheetah and the antelope had a race? The race would probably end in a tie. The antelope would win. The cheetah would win. The outcome would depend on the length of the race. D The house was positively spotless. It looked as if it waited anxiously for an important visitor. Mrs. Newman looked quite satisfied as she inspected the parlor. ~ Then she squinted suspiciously at the painting on the wall. She walked over and adjusted its position by nudging the lower right corner. "There. Now everything's perfect."~ Just then, the doorbell rang. It seemed to interrupt the sterile stillness of the house. Mrs. Newman smoothed her dark hair and walked to the front door. She hesitated a bit and practiced smiling graciously. Then she opened the door. Which word would not be used to describe Mrs. Newman? conscientious nervous particular carefree D Bodie, California is about seven miles from the Nevada border. In the late 1800's, it was known as the "wickedest town in the west." Bodie was once the site of great excitement. ~ It started as a small gold mining camp, and by 1871 its population had grown to 10,000.~ During its active years, Bodie was like something out of an old western movie. Saloons, stage coach robberies, and greedy gold miners were all characteristic sights in the old western town. Today, Bodie is a ghost town and a tourist attraction. Only 100 of its original buildings are still standing. Bodie probably became a ghost town because the town was haunted by ghosts. there were too many robberies. the gold ran out. it was too wicked. C Have you ever seen a puddle of water in the road and then discovered it was not really there? Well, what you actually saw was a mirage. A mirage is a false image caused by the bending of light rays. If light travels through cool air to warmer air, it bends. ~ On a very hot day, the air closest to the ground is warmer than the air above. 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