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D$Dp">@ D D|$rs"""<  H&@q@cbraH@@(    "@ H  D$H Ixpn>pxxon;{]^{wv6wx @@@ DG#   pGFxHFG@  @$`0""d""@HHAAD $d$  qrr $x $$ x$`caD#x<pq0b`CC' GGHxxx$@x@G D$D""@!D dD$`rxr@ " @ I OH!@  Dpa9@@Hb  "@H  D$rb Ixpn<7?Own;sY^{wvv6v <&`B` ,`g8`H`CG3 @D `@ @ @ @ 0`< `c@OfN8`C#c pa  d $d D$$$x"@ @qDDgc<@Fg@C8 \`a`!"x`!">@IHHH!@  bqD@`#  &@H! d$2 Ixpprxpp/;Ke?8|6y   @c#G`F$"!# q2 `DH$$ 0  @" @@  q`cb@'pp qyD#pipD$p$$x"x  @@@@@@ "x ," ""@IHHI!`  Dp@@pb`  `IF@C\aacRqy@ x@ @ @ po~w  `#$AHI$@ ">!r "@DHD@c' @ <<A$b0"<@@@Cs8",F `>@@  Dd$dxb"2 2@@`@x<2"@>                   " @@po~ww  @@ @@x$cayD#x<x""""l,"Ox8G O@%" @@paI@`qg@x p~bay4bqH<@gC8Cc @C   ժժժժժժժժժժժժתժժժժժժժ>rrIDD>!d`@@  $dD<!$IH@02""",1@1yHyL@X0<@ `>x""&>""2"@@AHIE &0`!`!>H@@p@x2 p~~08xo'{]9|~6w!@@  ` @ @ @ @ " <IDD "!$@0`npxD#8@gCpgSqhR<""21 H) Bxd@'<L @%DHD$D Ox< x<"""""@O|AHIHH $`"""pH@@@ ,@$B,ra0@cIGDX0brxbQpp>wwowo{]^{wv6w@!@@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ bay4bb7" B  &$H$F'$@ H@D@ x"""&@HDCH IHHH d@"""@'<L@#H`$bbC D'<H@@( "2@$b"2 IHDdxpn>pxxon;{]^{wv6w!@0!@`0""1  ( BDD""`'>B  $$H$$$dG HOD8x$`caD#x<pq0b<G88 GpG @'rxr@  B $H$c H$ "pa9@@Hb""@$""b IHDDbxpn<7?Own;sY^{wvv6vB $H$r#Hd'"@`#""@$"" IHLD2xpprxpp/;Ke?8|6yq`D#8&Dp p0"< HI"!$H$D D@"@ @#O&@'C8CG'Cc GxxD$p$$x"x @ "x ,"  $"B!dH $2"Hx$$"p@@pb"@bsqryII"!dH$D D@  @ @ @                      @po~wwxpx$cayD#xA$rD8ID"@""@`px"""q O@qB`sA Hc0"<0paI@`qg@@x p~<" @saSqq<<@<<<ժժժժժժժժժժժժתժժժժժժժ"bD I$ DD d!"` @@ ""C$2DID"@H"&@",`1@1yHy@eCHD$D@ @  @ @ >x""&> H ""/F"0`!`!>H@@~@x2 p~~08xo'{]9|~6w @@ @ @ @ "R $ I$ @DD  $a"@0`<MRaxx7D8b8<`""22 H) $H$F'$@x<"yI rc!H(Dp">` """H@@@ @ @ @ xbQpp>wwowo{]^{wv6w  @ @ @@ @ @ @ @ @ @ "J I$ pxxon;{]^{wv6w@x"F$ Id@ 0`0""@1  (  $ H$$d$D`x$`caD#x<pq0bqpqRbas Ogc<rxr@ @ @ @ pa9@@Hbxpn<7?Own;sY^{wvv6vp@,, @bq,"<@$,"BDq$`@@ @ @ @ 0`< 1  pqqIq DG8CG'Ccp8D$$$x"@  @`!"x`!@`#xpprxpp/;Ke?8|6y<<A$bX<IX8"Kba8,"@2""2  p 2""@$2 `p@" @@ D$p$$x"x   @ ` "x ," p@@pb@ x@ @ @ po~w"A$d@Id"@ `2"@@ """"  y"""@$"@@  @ ` @ BDq0#XqDg!00F p @@Dd$dxb"2 20@x<2"@>              @po~wwxpx$cayD#x` @@ "@ $$ DL  II"@",`g@1yHyLpa `r8",@ @  @ @ >x""&>bDd!$ ! 2 bdD0`!`!>H@@~@x2 p~~08xo'{]9|~6w"  @@0$@x@ @ @ @ "DD  $ $ DD@'"@0@<G'DGx4yxpnpI`s`""2 ` H)BHI"2x<"rrDD!$!y"DD` """H@@@ @ @ @ xbQpp>wwowo{]^{wv6w@x>@@ @ @@ @ @ @ @ @ @ pxxon;{]^{wv6w@ "@ 0`0""c  ( BHI""r`x$`caD#x<pq0bbQacFx@$<c$bA`$0 &@@ @ @ @ 0`< d  pqqIqO`cs`c8<p8D$$$x"@  !`!"x`! rD@ $$"@HHHI@`#xpprxpp/;Ke?8|6y0GEeCXD 1q H`B@& @$ @$"$H`@"  B@ D$p$$x"x ! ! ` "x ," D<@!$$"@HHHIp@@pb@ x@ @ @ po~w"@ &$dDyI QH#@@   @$>@$r$pp@  @ ` @ ,bXqDg@cC`Dx!           @po~wwxpx$cayD#xx""&> "2 H$&d@ I ,"   p01`!`!>H@@<@x2 p~~08xo'{]9|~6w @<@ @ @ @ @ """"@D$HI @"" |ID>!$$ yDD"0` A4pa\accD<`   $$QIHLBHO'd2"""2b"2@L D@$II !""!q `rdxpa@ aD8X0x<" "" DH$$D8 I q2"< q IIq"""`@H@@@  " HF`DxIX@Dx0bxbQpp>wwowo{]^{wv6w @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ <"`saD)(I <@x&" DID "!$d 2DD"`0 D#pyO4O`A#cQq@""""@H`D@@# I!""! HD  DDdx "" $H$$D I """    """I$bxD'LBxp qIH@@(  "" @H H!DIdxDxpn>pxxon;{]^{wv6w@pNGE FIELDS WITH B, CNTL B, E, CNTL E"Tk"PRESS RETURN TO BEGIN "\kQ$kQ$(3)9000: EXIT PROGRAM ON CNTRL CkQ$(13)5760: EXIT ROUTINE ON RETURN kQ$(2)5100: CONTROL B ROUTINE AT 5100"lQ$"B"5300: GORESS RETURN TO REPEAT OR ENTER:"Lj"C=CLEAR SCREEN V=CHANGE V Q=QUIT "_jQ$:Q$(Q$,1)ejqj *****j ADJUST FIELDSj34,21: SET TOP OF WINDOW AT LINE 21j21:868j:" B=";B;10);P$;20);" V=";V;32);" E=";E;" ":%k"CHANE/i34,21: SET TOP OF WINDOW AT LINE 21=i21:868ti:" B=";B;10);P$;20);" V=";V;32);" E=";E;" ":i34,21: SET TOP OF TEXT WINDOW TO PROTECT CONDITIONS REPORTi~ RESTART OPTIONSi16368,0: CLEAR KEYBOARD STROBE j:"PVXT:YYVYT hXPXK:YPYKBh0XPMXXPZEYPMYYPZE4430Nh:XP,YPXhD4100hN +++++ END OF GRAPHICS LOOP +++++hXVVS: RESET STARTING SPEEDhbh^***************************h` EXIT ROUTINEi 4 LINES BELOW DISPLAY STATUS LIS OF INITIAL VELOCITYCg70,12070,110: DRAW BEAM LEAVING GUNfg *** TOP OF GRAPHICS LOOP ***~g(16384)1284440gE04150g"V(VXVXVYVY)g6FQVBg@FXFVYVQE:FYFVXVgEAXFXM:AYFYMgJVXVXAXT:VYVYAYThTXXS OF FIELD STRENGTH 9f AMU1.66E27: ATOMIC MASS UNIT?f]f************************qf GRAPHICS PLOTf:"PRESS ANY KEY TO INTERRUPT MOTION":f3fX.07:Y.11:XPXK:YPYK: SET THE STARTING SPOTgVX0:VYV: COMPONENT******!e INITIALIZE CONSTANTS9e D$(4): CONTROL De K1000: CONSTANTS USED IN ROUNDING AND CONVERTING UNITS (TO IMPROVE SPEED)e ZE0:MX279:MY120: CONSTANTS USED TO TEST WHETHER OBJECT IS ON THE SCREENf B0:E0: INITIAL VALUED OF MAIN PROGRAMdl *****5d SET-UP GRAPHICSdV2E4T1E4V:2995: ADJUST TIME BETWEEN CALCULATIONS TO ASSURE GOOD GRAPHICSdT4E4V: ADJUST TIME BETWEEN CALCUATIONS A LITTLE DIFFERENTLY WITH HIGH SPEEDSd e *******************CT NEW VELOCITYxcQ$"P"ĉ:6000:49232,0:49236,0:1200: CHOOSE NEW PARTICLE, RETURN TO GRAPHICS, THEN CONTINUEcQ$"C"1170: CLEAR SCREENcQ$"Q"9000: QUITc49232,0:49236,0:1180: TRY AGAIN WITH SCREEN UNCHANGEDd ENICSb5800: DRAW BACKGROUNDubP$" UNKNOWN Z"İ7000: IF THE PARTICLE IS UNKNOWN Z, THEN SELECT A RANDOM MASSb5000: ADJUST FIELD STRENGTHSb4000: GRAPHICSb4704: EXIT ROUTINEcQ$"V"İ5900:2000:1200: ON 'V' INPUT SELEMANUAL WITH COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR USING THE PROGRAM IN SCIENCE CLASSESza**************************a MAIN PROGRAMaLaj3000: SET CONSTANTSa6000: SELECT PARTICLEa5900: SELECT VELOCITYb2000: SET-UP GRAPH\B` CHARGED PARTICLES II - COPYRIGHT 1983, VERNIER SOFTWARE` THE LINE BELOW IS RECOGNIZED BY THE TASC COMPILER USED IN GENERATING THE COMPILED VERSION OF THIS PROGRAM` ! INTEGER MX,MY,ZE,UN,XP,YPZa THIS PROGRAM COMES WITH A 20 PAGE         @po~wwDx$cayD#xvfvo ****************************vp ENTER VALUES FOR PLOTvzw"CHOOSE PARTICLE:26,149: DRAW ARROW TAIL VIEWGuB0ē22,152: DRAW ARROW TIP VIEWuE0ē242,148239,151242,154: DRAW LEFT POINTING ARROWHEADuE0ē261,148264,151261,154: DRAW RIGH POINTING ARROWHEADuu*************************v  SELECT K Ft34,21: SET TOP OF TEXT WINDOW TO PROTECT CONDITIONS REPORTLtXt *****t DRAW BACKGROUND AND LAUNCH SITEtt768: CALL MACHINE LANGUAGE ROUTINE TO MOVE HGR2 TO HGR1t3: SET COLOR WHITEuB0ē19,14926,154:19,154EME10PE: CALCULATE VALUE OF E FROM MANTISA AND POWER^s END OF FIELD CHANGE ROUTINEsv5002: REPEAT FIELD CHANGE LOOPt(QVBEQ)TM0.03(V)ğ:" FIELDS ARE TOO INTENSE - REDUCE B OR E "::DD13000:DD:5002: PRELIMINARY CHECPE0:0:261,148264,151261,154:5600: SET E EQUAL TO ZERO AND ERASE RIGHT ARROWr1ME1ME9:PEPE1:5600: DECREMENT E FROM 1 TO NEXT 9r3ME9ME1:PEPE1:5600: DECREMENT E FROM -9 TO NEXT -1r;MEME1: DECREMENT E NORMALLY [( T XLQCOMPLETE TABLE OF TIME DATA: 4  Ll TIMES (SEC.) _  ( > ( T [( 4( m( ' m( ' |( W* '  ~L# LLE )  u ( )  |( 4  LO )  ( &L L0000 ) 5   ) ' ( (L# ) (  ) ' ( LO ' A c ' i # ( )  )` ' ) m( o [( W* (  ~ O( ( n ) ' ' ) ' G b' L( ) _' q' ' ) n' o 1 W*   [( ' ' y( ' o) ; )  wL(PRESS SPACE BAR TO START AND STOP TIMING   s x) ; ) G v( $L1 |( ' 'L: P LL XL Lc ) ' 3) ' ' H) d( # c K) i ' '  ) ' # ' $LL.0000 ) 5   )LO )  ( TH THEIR   L$MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION. A MORE   L!ELABORATE VERSION OF THIS PROGRAM   LF CALLED 'PRECISION TIMER', WHICH %  L|'IS DESIGNED FOR USE WITH PHOTOGATES, IS T  L AVAILABLE FROM VERNIER SOFTWARE. WS YOU TO USE THE   LAPPLE AS A DIGITAL STOPWATCH   L%WHICH DISPLAYS TIMES IN LARGE DIGITS.   LP%PRESS THE SPACE BAR TO START AND STOP *  L#THE TIMER. PRESS ANY OTHER KEY TO ^  L#DISPLAY A TABLE OF TIMES WIATION DATA:   ( aL CTS/SEC ON   *  LBY   )  L X ) L8 COMPUTER STOPWATCH   La VERNIER SOFTWARE F  L COPYRIGHT 1983 o  L"THIS PROGRAM ALLOe ~Q*rQ~Q X (  ])  (  ) ) L BLOAD TIMER   ( ( f) A "( Q ( A ' ) L4OPEN CALIBRATION #  ) LYREAD CALIBRATION H  '  (  *  )  ) LCLOSE CALIBRATION   LCALIBR     Ġ̮ҍ [2 THIS PROGRAM SIMPLY LOADS AND RUNS THE COMPUTER STOPWATCH PROGRAM COMPILED VERSION.d(4)"BLOAD RUNTIME"(13)(4)"BRUN CS.OBJ"x L LZLݵܵߵ޵ ^`8ܵ i B8` LֵȱB׵` DȑB׵Bֵ յյ``y¹?`wa_LʬOˬ̬čPQ` H hBLµ* `Loõĵֵ׵ Rĵµѭ H hBLL B ڬ L -յյµ% `õĵֵ׵ Rĵµ˭ B ڬ  2 HEX-DECIMAL+< VERNIER SOFTWARE GF 2920 S.W. 89TH STREET`P PORTLAND, OR 97225mZ::(5)\" VERNIER SOFTWARE ^_" HEXADECIMAL - DECIMAL CONVERTER`" *******************************a:% d:"TH         Ґ` G  G  Ґ` G  G Ґ` G Ґ` G  G Ґ` G G G G Ґ` G G G Ґ` G G G Ґ` Ð p Ґ`  Ґ``ꩭ a ` a `  `ꩺ 4a` a` ` `hh`   Ґ`YL '[L ']L 8  Y*8  =8QsL 8QuL 8QwL 8QyL 8Q{L 8Q}L QL 8QL 8QL 8QL 8QL Ld'Ld' L 'Ld'L 'L 'Ld'L 'L '!L '#Ld'(L '*L ',L '.L '0Ld'5L '7Ld' [( T 'LPRESS RETURN TO CONTINUE   * L= T) z [( ' ) ' ' ) ' R ) ) - ' ) L&L% |( 8* )   ~ ) '  |( 4  u ) ' ' X( $Ls ) ' ' ) $L ') ' ( ' $L 3) ' ( ' $HARACTERS TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL POINTM `m(8):"ROUNDED NUMBER -> ";X$z Hq IN NORMAL USE A "RETURN SHOULD BE HERE zq 0u25000 R fC` fX$X$".00000000000":26500: IF THE NUMBER HAS NO DECIMAL POINT IN IT, ADD .00000000w fX$X$"0000000000" gC1(X$) g(X$,C,1)"."26600: EXIT THIS LOOP WHEN A DECIMAL POINT IS FOUND gC+ gX$(X$,CR): TRUNCATE THE STRING R CR: THIS IS THE ACTUAL ROUNDING, lfX$(X) f(X$)4ĭ(X$,(X$)3,1)"E"ī28000: IF THE NUMBER IS IN EXPONENTIAL NOTATION, DON'T DO ANYTHING fC1(X$) f(X$,C,1)"."26300: IF THE NUMBER HAS A DECIMAL POINT IN IT MOVE ON TO THE NEXT STEP# "ENTER NUMBER OF DIGITS ";R> a ROUNDING SUBROUTINE a R IS NUMBER OF DIGITS DESIRED TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL POINT a X IS NUMBER TO BE ROUNDED a X$ IS THE ROUNDED OUTPUT STRING b"ENTER A TEST NUMBER ";X eX(X10R.5)10"IT MAY BE USED AS A SUBROUTINE IN OTHERX "PROGRAMS. FIRST SELECT THE NUMBER OF "DIGITS YOU WANT TO THE RIGHT OF THE "DECIMAL POINT (THIS IS 'R'). NEXT, "ENTER A TEST NUMBER (X). THE ROUNDED "NUMBER (X$) WILL BE DISPLAYED. ,d ROUNDING ROUTINE0n VERNIER SOFTWARE Lx 2920 S.W. 89TH STREETe PORTLAND, OR 97225r::(5)" ROUNDING ROUTINE"" VERNIER SOFTWARE"" ****************"::"THIS PROGRAM ROUNDS NUMBERS."+ 2000pN$"A"N10'zN$"B"N118N$"C"N12IN$"D"N13ZN$"E"N14kN$"F"N15yN92240N(N$)VVN16(J1)J"DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS:"(15):V;:(27):V1642100M(H$)4H$"0"H$:2118: ADD LEADING ZEROES TILL YOU HAVE A 4 DIGIT NUMBERTHV0_RJ14g\N0zfN$(H$,5J,1)k((N$)47(N$)58)((N$)64(N$)71)2160: CHECK TO SEE IF AN ILLEGAL CHARACTER HAS BEEN ENTEREDm"IMPROPER CHARACTER ":1110Q***********************************************************************n HEX TO DECIMAL ROUTINEt"TO EXIT, MAKE NO ENTRY AND PRESS RETURN" 4"ENTER HEX NUMBER ";H$CH$""ıE(H$)4ĺ" FOUR DIGITS ONLY ":2000LFRTH DIGIT/ "HEXADECIMAL EQUIVALENT = $";: J14U xD(J)10D$(J)(D(J))l D(J)10D$(J)"A" D(J)11D$(J)"B" D(J)12D$(J)"C" D(J)13D$(J)"D" D(J)14D$(J)"E" D(J)15D$(J)"F" @D$(J); rJ :l1)(V4096): CALCULATE 1ST DIGIT OF RESULTW RVD(1)4096: CALCULATE REMAINDER D(2)(R256): CALCULATE SECOND DIGIT RRD(2)256: CALCULATE REMAINDER D(3)(R16): CALCULATE THIRD DIGIT RRD(3)16 D(4)R: CALCULATE FO"ENTER A DECIMAL NUMBER ";V$0 `V$""ı< aV(V$)i bV0ĪV65536V:(29):"(";V;")":V$(V)x dC1(V$) e((V$,C,1))48((V$,C,1))57ĺ"IMPROPER CHARACTER ":1000 gC tV65536ĺ"NUMBERS > 65536 ARE NOT PERMITTED":1000- ~D(10):"B - HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL( M$: M$"A"İ1000L M$"B"İ2000U "100  ***********************************************************************  DECIMAL TO HEX ROUTINE  "TO EXIT, MAKE NO ENTRY AND PRESS RETURN" $# VIS PROGRAM WILL CONVERT NUMBERS FROM"Q n"HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL OR VICE VERSA.z x"THE RANGE OF NUMBERS PERMITTED IS: } "DECIMAL -65536 TO 65536 "HEXADECIMAL 0000 TO FFFF "CHOOSE: (10):"A - DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL (RIATE KEYS:"l 9l " B - INCREASE MAGNETIC FIELD`l "CNTL B - DECREASE MAGNETIC FIELDl " E - INCREASE ELECTRIC FIELDl "CNTL E - DECREASE ELECTRIC FIELDl "'RETURN' - BEGIN l ::" PRESS RETURN TO CONTINUE ";Q$:lH &mR HEN YOU SELECT A CHALLENGE, A SCREENUkb "OF INFORMATION WILL BE DISPLAYED TELLING";kl "YOU OF THE SPECIFIC TASK. THE COMPUTER"kv "WILL THEN DISPLAY THE GRAPHICS SCREEN.k k "YOU THEN MAY DO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING l "BY PRESSING THE APPROPGHT 'CHALLENGES' OFFEREDEjD "HERE IS A TASK WHICH YOU ARE TO ACCOM-pjN "PLISH USING THIS SIMULATION PROGRAM.jS "FOR EXAMPLE, CHALLENGE 1 IS TO CAUSE ANjU "ELECTRON TO MOVE IN A CIRCLE OF RADIUSjV "5 CM BY USING A MAGNETIC FIELD. jW $kX "W24576,0: SET POINTERS SO THAT THE PROGRAM IS LOADED 'ABOVE' HGR2JiE:miHD$;"RUN CHARGED PARTICLES II"siyiT i =========================i CHALLENGE INSTRUCTIONSi i& " GENERAL CHALLENGE INSTRUCTIONS"i0 j: "EACH OF THE EIEC C7" h!h CHALLENGE 83hD$;"EXEC C8"9h[hl AUTOMATIC DEMONSTRATIONmhvD$;"EXEC C9"sh{h MANUAL OPERATIONh:h28589: START COMPILED VERSION OF MAIN PROGRAMhh4 MANUAL OPERATION (BASIC)Bi>103,1:104,96: CHALLENGE 2"gD$;"EXEC C2"(g>g CHALLENGE 3PgD$;"EXEC C3"Vg#lgx CHALLENGE 3~gD$;"EXEC C4"gg CHALLENGE 5gD$;"EXEC C5"gg@ CHALLENGE 6gJD$;"EXEC C6"gOg CHALLENGE 7hD$;"EXTO ALLOW TIME TO READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE GOING INTO THE CHALLENGEafM12100: IMPROPER INPUTfM1100,1200,1300,1400,1500,1600,1700,1800,1900,2000,2100f100f *****************************fL CHALLENGE 1 fVD$;"EXEC C1"f[gDISPLAY GENERAL INSTRUCTION TEXT AND THE RETURN TO MAIN MENUeM8419: IF A MANUAL MODE IS SELECTED, SKIP THE INSTRUCTION SCREEN e:49234,1:D$;"BLOAD I";M;",A$2000": LOAD THE APPROPRIATE INSTRUCTION SCREENBfQ$: WAIT FOR A RETURN = CHALLENGE 7 (VELOCITY FILTER)Jd"8 = CHALLENGE 8 (MASS SPECTROMETER)"ld"9 = AUTOMATIC DEMONSTRATIONd,"10 = MANUAL OPERATION (COMPILED)d6"11 = MANUAL OPERATION (BASIC)ddM$:M(((M$)))UV2ЅUŕȱU喰!UUdUV0*UiUViVUmVnɊȢwU𧰸ХyyUU⥁œ.QP$  e LWHhL:5~    eȱeLaL LRwwxȆwxwHw Jhw`w5U,w`,hbhcbwȱbxcȘHH`wȄ wep`0CBe]Q=b`LicbbbE0`Ġ``MMLeڢD ! 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