' +JJJJ ?\>m0M='+l> /+l   d]@ŵLҦ]]LF L}BBL] X  ` 鷎귭෍ᷩ췩緈JJJJx Lȿ L8ᷭ緍췩 緍i 8 `巬 췌`x (`(8`I`B` ``>J>J>VU)?`8'x0|&HhHh VY)'&Y)xꪽ)' `Hh`V0^*^*>&` aI꽌ɪVɭ&Y&&Y& 꽌ɪ\8`&&꽌ɪɖ'*&%&,E'зЮ꽌ɪФ`+*xS&x'8*3Ixix&& 8  '  & x)*++`FG8`0($ p,&"ųųೳŪŪųųij  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?   1 '" *"( (9"1 ( ,.(0# 2  /#0/#0 *?'#07#00/0/'#07#0:"4<*55/**5/*%5/)1/)1/)1/)'#0/#0*5/*75/**5/*:5//#0/#0'#07#0:::*::'#07#0"):$(%"%:$(%"%$$2%4%$$2%4%$(2()!)E(!8b $!H(+ "@H !D)"E` @ $ C ` DQ &J80^݌Hh ü ü݌ ռ ռ ռA ļD ļ? ļAEDE?HJ>h Լ ռ ռ ռ`HJ>݌h Hh݌`葠葠ȔЖȔЖȠHIHHHHhHH݌hHhHh݌H6 VDP (ED Z $0x8x D- ܸDD# H8`?E Vk *f???0xE Hh D#-EEE8` D ܸx D - ܸx8`-0ݩ?ʥD EEE`   LDcpq` [` ~  LӜu`".Q`pNФbptťܥm2<(-Py0\|e<6e<g< JJJJj귍hI  aUL@ kU8  L  Q^R(jQ0l^l\  wUuW ԧ H h@ [_ /QSIRb_L`LLLL`ª`LQLYLeLXLeLee ўQH\(h0L& Ꝥ$`( R \ZLl8 ўR HH\`\Z[YS6`LxQɿu3'RͲʎRʎ]]]ɍuL͟ɍ}RLRɍg^H8 ^hZLɍR LͲɊRR% QLܤͲ Z@ -^ ş\[Z QY\[Z8`l6Lş_Ȍb_Ͳ] )Y h( ֭ͲLɍ [LLĦ__ ^ 9 LҦ3 9 a   0LjLY u< (_9 ˭ɠuɠK_9 ?LˆʎõĵL õ ĵµ aµ`` L̦µ_bJLuLz`  ȟ QlXJ̥KlV  ȟ QlV eօ3L e3L &RL &QL d L4 Ne)n `@-eff L f`L . tQLѤ LҦL` OPu d L Ne)noon 8ɍ` ^f\õL ^NR  RΩLҦ)\Z ʽ LHv 3h`0h8` [L NС õ`A@` ŵL^Lõ`  \ 濭0 \  ȟ Q ^\lZl^?cqH şch`fhjõĵ@OAP`u@`@&`QR`E Ls  @DAE@u`8` %@ @A@`@`@A`Mµ ) LЦ`8@AWc@8@-@HAȑ@hHȑ@ȑ@hHȑ@Ȋ@ch8&ȑ@Hȑ@Ah@LHȑ@ȑ@ htphso`hMhL`9V8U897T6S67`INILOASAVRUCHAIDELETLOCUNLOCCLOSREAEXEWRITPOSITIOOPEAPPENRENAMCATALOMONOMOPRINMAXFILEFINBSAVBLOABRUVERIF!pppp p p p p`" t""#x"p0p@p@@@p@!y q q p@  LANGUAGE NOT AVAILABLRANGE ERROWRITE PROTECTEEND OF DATFILE NOT FOUNVOLUME MISMATCI/O ERRODISK FULFILE LOCKESYNTAX ERRONO BUFFERS AVAILABLFILE TYPE MISMATCPROGRAM TOO LARGNOT DIRECT COMMANč$3>L[dmx- (  Ϡ@跻~!Wo*9~~~~ɬƬ~_ j ʪHɪH`Lc (L ܫ㵮赎 ɱ^_ J QL_Ls贩紎 DǴҵԵƴѵӵµȴ 7 ַ :ŵƴѵǴҵȴµ納贍﵎ٵ്ᵭⳍڵL^ѵ-I `  4 ò-յ!  8صٵ紭ﵝ 7L (0+BC  7L HH`LgL{0 HH` õL H hBL BH [ h`Lo õ ڬL B ڬ LʬH hB@ յյ [L (ȴ) ȴ 7L L ( L (ȴL{ƴѵ洩ƴǴҵ 7 ^* B0 HȱBh ӵԵ 8 L8 ݲ` ܫ  / / ED B / / ]ƴS0Jȴ ȴ)  紅D贅E B ƴ  / 0L Ν `HD٤DEEhiHLGh ` ŵBѵ-` ѵB-` ܫ XI볩쳢8 DH E𳈈췍Ȍ X0 · JLǵBȵC`,յp` 䯩 R-յյ`յ0` K R-յյ`ɵʵӵԵ` 4 K ( ѵҵLBȱBL8` DBHBH : ַ޵BȭߵBhhӵԵ RBܵmڵ޵ȱBݵm۵ߵ` 䯩LR˵̵ֵ׵`êĪLR E( 8` R` ELRŪƪ`췌 յյI뷭鷭귭ⵍ㵍跬ª 뷰` Lf ݵܵߵ޵ ^`8ܵ i B8` 4L ֵȱB׵ ܯ䵍൭嵍 ` DȑB׵Bֵ  ַ յյ`굎뵎쵬 뵎쵌``õĵBCõĵ`µµ`L õBĵCصص Qƴ0"Bƴ 󮜳` 0۰ϬBƴ8`i#`ЗLw!0>ﵭ` m ﳐ 7i볍 8 ЉLw`H h ݲL~ `浍국䵍뵩嵠Jm赍嵊mjnnn浈ۭm浍浭m䵍䵩m嵍`"L ŵ8ŵH ~(` d ֠z# u`5 503-297-5317 ZWARE 2920 S.W. 89TH STREET PORTLAND, OR 97225 503-297-5317 ETOM OF PROGRAM" POINTERS WHEN INTERUPTED WITH A CONTROL C. 216,0:: RESTORE NORMAL ERROR HANDLING AND END COPYRIGHT 1982 VERNIER SOFTWARE 2920 S.W. 89TH STREET PORTLAND, OR 9722OKE 104,8: REM REMOVE THE "REM" AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS STATEMENT AND THE PROGRAM WILL RESTORE NORMAL "BOTTOM OF PROGRAM" POINTERS WHEN INTERUPTED WITH A CONTROL C. ކ216,0:: RESTORE NORMAL ERROR HANDLING AND END: COPYRIGHT 1982 VERNIER SOFTTION OF NEW ANGLE768: CALL MACHINE LANGUAGE ROUTINE TO AVOIDE ERRORS WHEN RETURNING TO A PROGRAM FROM A ERROR HANDLING ROUTINE. SEE APPLESOFT (II+) MANUALӅ11920: RAY DRAWING AND RETURN TO MAIN MENU酺 RESTORE AND END POKE 16384,32: PSC7 OCHO6/u*****************************K` ERROR HANDLINGj(222)25560090: EXIT PROGRAM ON CONTROL C o198:198: RING BELL TWICEy"******** ERROR ********"(222)53(222)133Ħ: ON MOST ERRORS RETURN TO SELEC************************; N HGR LETTERS PRINTING ROUTINEt\N ENTER ROUTINE WITH THE VARIABLES HP AND VP AND PR${N0NSCOSC1: SET SCALE TO SMALLESTOCH1(PR$)ǃ$OVP191VP10ك8OHP275HP10LO((PR$,CH,1))31HP,VPOHPHP)Z0Z)Y0YR*(U)0JJ1: IF RAY IS TRAVELING TO THE RIGHT, INCREASE J*(U)0JJ1: IF RAY IS TRAVELING TO THE LEFT, DECREASE J*J0JM11000: EXIT LOOP‚D* ----------͂*10200Ղ*TA.920: RETURN TO MAIN PROGRAM.***N2: QUADRANT CORRECTION'h)U2S(SU2)[|)NN2U2U2PI: SWITCH QUADRANT ON REFLECTION)(U)0U2PIU2: QUADRANT CORRECTION FOR RAYS TRAVELING TO THE LEFT) END OF CALCULATIONSށ) ------------------------) REASSIGN VALUES:)UU2O):"ANGLE I= ";((I180PI10.5))10;" DEG. ANGLE I2= ";((I2180PI10.5))10;" DEG."bP)T)SU2(N(U)Y(N2(I2)N(I))(1R(J)))N2р])(U)010600: CORRECTION FOR RAYS TRAVELING TO THE LEFT^)SU2(N(U)Y(N2(I2)N(I))(1R(J))) INDEX VALUES FOR SECOND RAY0((U)0NV(J)E((U)0NV(J1)\((U)0N2V(J1)p((U)0N2V(J)(N2011000(CI(G2(1R(J))F))IC(CI))SI2N(I)N2,)(SI2)1N2N:10520: TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION@)I2S(SI2)\~((U)0N2N(J1): IF RAY IS TRAVELING TO THE RIGHT, THEN THE MEDIUM BEING ENTERED IS N(J+1)~((U)0N2N(J): IF RAY IS TRAVELING TO THE LEFT, THEN THE MEDIUM BEING ENTERED IS N(J)~(10460: SKIP THE V() VALUES THE FIRST TIME THROUGH( GET OR REFRACTIONB}( GET THE INDEX OF REFRACTION FOR THE FIRST RAYr}(TA210450: FOR SECOND RAY USE V() VALUES}((U)0NN(J): IF RAY IS TRAVELING TO THE RIGHT, THEN N=N(J)}((U)0NN(J1): IF RAY IS TRAVELING TO THE LEFT, THEN N = N(J+1)aGMENT |(QN|((Z(J)ZT)(YEYT)4Č198:198:198:198:"TARGET HIT !"|(Z(J)1Z(J)257ZPZ(M)11000: EXIT RAY DRAWING ROUTINE IF AT THE EDGE OF SCREEN OR AT THE LAST INTERFACE|( --------}( CALCULATE NEW ANGLE FOR RAY AFTER REFLECTIONF)){P(YYE(U)DO'{d(ZZ(J)(U)DOC{f(LG((Y0Y)2(Z0Z)2)R{h( --------i{j( DRAW RAY SEGMENTw{(Q0LG3{(YP96Y0Q(U){(ZPZ0Q(U){(YP0ZP0YPMYZPMZ11000: THIS RAY IS DRAWN AS FAR AS IT CAN GO|(ZP,YP: DRAW LINE SE INTERFACEz(YEY0(Z(J)Z0)(U): CALCULATE THE Y COODINATE DIRECTLY ABOVE OR BELOW THE POINT WHERE THE INTERFACE MEETS THE AXISz(G(U)(1R(J))(U)YEz(F(1R(J))YE2z(((U)0DOF(G(G2(1R(J))F)){<((U)0DOF(G(G2(1R(J))1Ē3My 'RA2TA1Ē5: IF TWO RAYS ARE TO BE DRAWN, DRAW THE FIRST ONE REDy!'RA2TA2Ē2: IF TWO RAYS ARE TO BE DRAWN, DRAW THE SECOND ONE IN BLUEy'Z0,96YSy' -------y' RESTART HERE z' CALCULATE POINT WHERE RAY WILL STRIKE THE NEXT**********************:x' CALCULATE VALUES AND DRAW RAYsx'TA1RA: REPEAT WHOLE RAY DRAWING PROCESS RA TIMESx'J1: INITIALIZE TO MEDIUM 1x'Z0ZS:Y0YS: INITIALIZE STARTING POINT FOR DRAWING RAYx'U(U$)PI180: SET STARTING ANGLEy'RAURFACE ON WHICH THE TARGET IS TO BE DRAWN IS SHARPLY CURVED, MOVE THE TARGET TO NEAR THE AXISdw%3w%48ZT,96YT: DRAW DARGETwH&PR$"T":VP96YT5: SET COORDINATES FOR DRAWING "T"wK&HPZT5wM&ZT270HPZT5wR&20000: DRAW Tw'x'****z#     ӭàΠ ĠӠ٠ҠЩI ٠ҠIנҭ̠ΠҭŠ̠̠ΠӭŠ ӭ̠ΠϠ ٠ҠϠ" Š ٠Үʠ@ ҠӠϮ Ԡ pp@p@ ppp~@  !C`CDp@0```0@`?*U*U*U*U*U"D~@C@a00xxx~ ?pp@p@ 0@?xpp@ | p@ DB@0```0@xj*U*U*U*U*UL~@C@a00xxx~ pp@p@? @`{pp@@ F p`@@8`Os?~~~@00x?x0```0@x\**U*U*U*U*Up  H@@C@a000           D$;"BLOAD RUNTIME"(13)D$"BRUN RAY TRACER.OBJ": RUN COMPILED VERSION OF THE PROGRAM RUN RAY TRACER.OBJ": RUN COMPILED VERSION OF THE PROGRAM [@ GREETINGS PROGRAM9@D$(4): CHR$(4)IS CNTRL D@ MASTER DISKETTE CREATED ON JANUARY 12, 1983 BY D. VERNIER @:16302,0@D$;"BLOAD RAY TRACER LOGO"@(D$;"BLOAD HGR LETTERS"@-232,0:233,144: SET SHAPETABLE POINTERYA2  @x`pp@@   pGp|p~@c`!@B<`A@  @ 80<```<@~`w`@CC@a0` 0Nr@CC@a00 0|0```<|@~  @<@|pp@@@   `pxp|@CBp!@`C@Bp  @ 0<```<@~@CC@a0` 0BBw@CC@a00 0|0```<|@~ @|pp@@`   @"!@B@  C@``C0@|w~~@CC0xx?BBCC@a0x?0` |pp@@0 `pp|@  @"a@Bx`  C@``C0@~~~@CC0xx?"FCC@a0x?0`CBЍw U  yUUwyVxz`Зԥwyxz`ywzx`GH o8 UpVUVƠ UVUʆoph3]eУk ЮU 4Г U 5,wЅƩѤ wU! 5B=ooppȆbcĂbfUVd8ophLД8= 7MLdlkȄmn;op:E UUȥViлh8HH`Ї{y SՠUEowyywxzzxwIy:e \`fH,Hops8otpf,kiUliVU$f&łmUŁfbUȥcUUŭUVŮMvłGUŁ>UV2ЅUŕȱU喰!UUdUV0*UiUViVUmVnɊȢwU𧰸ХyyUU⥁œ.QP$  e LWHhL:5~    eȱeLaL LRwwxȆwxwHw Jhw`w5U,w`,hbhcbwȱbxcȘHH`wȄ wep`0CBe]Q=b`LicbbbE0`Ġ``MMLeڢD ! SL3LH h%LddЉ`?0 HH chh ޥ Yަ`н  eE   ࠰>Ffee0  &ߢEX$ƫv` ꥪLYDcbbwyȱbxz`ݥܦL+3UV UwȱUx`wUȥxU`Ncbbȱb`cbbȥb`cbbȱb8塅堅PEncbbȱbe HH`0S,,hdehUhVhhHHU hehHehUU HHk`UiȱUiuкe& & &eeHHqUȥqUeFdO݅܆`ycbbȱbƫ8pM䡥UȥUU +뺠ЧUV욥VHUHthhЁ HHf ㈱ۺQi e 纼 +뺊i  e HH`iiiHH`(bcbebbePE1b]  0  j=i<<=kbޙץ,,stHʈcbhH ʈpoophMm X RQtPsh`bhH      @pqpp@@` p xgp~p?@sxp  @ pp  x@@C@a000H`w~~@00x?x0```0@x L$HR = RADIUS OF CURVATURE OF EDGE H  LSH (USE + FOR CONCAVE TO THE RIGHT 2H  LHUSE - FOR CONVEX TO THE RIGHT) aH  LHN = INDEX OF REFRACTION H  zy 6{ $L7ILH (FOR RED LIGHT) H  LIV = INDEX OF REFyLGMODE X - MANUAL INPUT G  LJG!YOU WILL BE ASKED TO ENTER VALUES (G  L{G"FOR THE VARIOUS MEDIA. THE VALUES XG  LGWHICH YOU ARE TO ENTER ARE: G  LG Z = AXIAL POSITION OF RIGHT EDGE G  LG OF THE MEDIUM G  {  E LFcLFX ~ <{  F LFLPA j { z N{ } c e| # [z >nLZFD ~ {  <{ 4 XF LyF gLhLFC ~ 5 F L+FLFM ~ 5 F LPALFR ~ 5 F LFLFS F ~ z { x ^z | 2y {  uLvFLVoLyF { y LMLEE ~ <{  E LPLEF ~ <{  E L9QL:EG ~ <{  8E L$SLUEH ~ <{  SE LULpEI ~ <{  nE L=YLEJ ~ <{  E L ]LEK ~ <{  E L`LEL ~ <{  E LbaLEM ~ <{  E LaLEN ~ GLASS) A  LVB$ B = STRAIGHT INTERFACE (GLASS->AIR) 1B  LB& C = STRAIGHT INTERFACES (AIR->G->AIR) dB  LB$*D = STRAIGHT INTERFACES (ANY MEDIA) B  LB& E = STRAIGHT INTERFACE (DIAMOND->AIR) B  cx Wx @ `x` i~ z } z { y } x { ~ x o { ~ { o { ~ { o { ~ { o X <{ wy { y yLA RAY TRACER hA  LA DAVE VERNIER A  LA COPYRIGHT 1982 A  LA SELECT MODE: A  L@> ???~ 7v z > | T -{ > } T { > | T { > P| T { > `~ T )| > E~ T Y| > } T | > *~ T } > } T } > { TL@ !x x K{ 3x $x ?x $x \  L[ | ~ { ~ o 5| ~ x o { ~ { (L\ { ~ v} o | ~ } o L\ { ~ { ~ x { ~ x y x w 4} o | ~ { ~ x { ~ x y x w 7} o ~ | o L[[ <{ ~ <{ ~ x <{ ~ x y x w | o { ~ <{ ~ x <{ ~ x y x w | o Lx[ENTER RADIUS OF CURVATURE ^[  L[ FOR LENS #2 [  L[$USE 60 TO 150 FOR A CONVEX LENS OR [  L[-150 TO -60 FOR A CONCAVE LENS [  Y  L0Z&USE 60 TO 150 FOR A CONVEX LENS OR  Z  L]Z-150 TO -60 FOR A CONCAVE LENS >Z  ' <{ ~  o  <{ ~ b| ( x <{ ~ j} ~ LZLZIMPROPER R VALUE Z  LY { ~ <{ ~ o <{ ~ { (L[ <{ ~ | o { w "} o { ~ <{ ~ x <{ ~ x y x w %} o { ~ } o L+F 5| x <{ ~ N{ o { ~ W{ o { ~ N{ o | ~ W{ o 5| ~ N{ o <{ ~ N{ o { ~ `{ o { ~ N{ o | ~ `{ o 5| ~ W{ o { y yLYENTER RADIUS OF CURVATURE Y  LY FOR LENS #1 ~Ld~Ld~Ld~LdLdLd LdLdLdL L Ld$Ld)Ld.Ld3Ld8Ld=L `d  p|6H bp:V>@4hH H 'AOR4 H   1~c^05x|# > x  8y 4z { x x 1 I` W~ D ~ $Lv z| 8 z| 8LYv******** ERROR ******** Av  W~ D !~  x W~ D >| ~ Lv z 8Lu <~ > { TLcLc`@ĹFfff`*=p7 =qIڢG!Gu )y y &y z { (L u )y y &y )y z x mz x y z { LLu Oz 9{ Lz z { (Lfu <{ Iz Lz Oz { ( x Oz {x ~ LuLo 1 LF {  4z  N{ 1z <{ I ~   ~ 8y r~ Lu } 5y x ~ Lu } x ~ y  <{ 4  u ~~ NGLE I2= s  x } c y i | ${ # c | i aL:t DEG. 4t  z x x x "z x y x x x x Oz ~ E{ x w c (z i x z { Lt z x x x "z x y x x x x Oz ~ E{ x w c (z i x x @ &y (z x $L s Oz 9{ ~ x z { L's Oz 9{ ~ %z z { (LAs Oz ~ %z (z { $Lu { ey x Oz ~ E{ Dy w Py Sy @ y y x c (z i z z H{ Ls x %zLys z @ x Ls ANGLE I= s  y } c y i | ${ # c | i aLt DEG. A8Lr TARGET HIT ! r  Oz ~ H{ $ x Oz ~ } $~  x x ~ yz $~ Lu =z { $Lr z { L|r Oz ~ x z { (Lr Oz 9{ ~ x z { Lr Oz 9{ ~ %z z { (Lr Oz ~ %zLAs z { Lr Oz ~ x z { (Ly c { x x gz c { w x { \ x  {  y | x z \y w y z \y jz |z z { ( x z { (~  x z z ~  x z z ~ Lu z  z 1 \ Oz ~ z $ x z y { (~ Lr z| 8 z| 8 z| 8 z| Oz ~ c pz x z : w y y z x Oz ~ E{ x z x y w ny Oz ~ E{ x { y w Gy z { Lp { ey x Oz ~ E{ Dy w ky Ay y z { (Lp { ey x Oz ~ E{ Dy w hy Ay y z y y x Oz ~ x z y w x x  ~  z  z z LoT o ~ z z u 5| 5y z 2| x z ~ LRo 5| z x u` <{  zy  ~ <{ Lz z mz ^z y ~  y c } i z zy 6{ $Lo {  zy { $ x =z 6{ $~ Lo 5|  zy { $ x =z { $~ Lo {  pz  ^z | w c { i c | x Oz ~ { (L5nL-nMIRROR &n ~ u 1 ` <{  x  ~ Oz ~ { (Lln { ~x zLwn 1  x z z ~ z N{ m} c q| # z z Xz { ( x z z $~ Ln z | z z ~ j} (Ln { z n | Ln { z { ox z  x y z ~  x x z ~  x z z ~ Lm ox { ( x y { (~  x x { (~  x z { (~ Lm { y y y $Lm z  y Lm x  ox z  y z x y lx 1 ~ Oz ~  |  ~ 3~ 5y <{ Iz ~ x Oz ~ x Oz ~ c { i w { ( x Oz ~ x Oz ~ c { i x } ~ Ll { ~ { (Ll | 5y Oz ~ x Oz ~ c { i w xLlF ~l ~ u { y y ~ y x { y w  N~  Oz ~ x Oz ~ w x Oz ~ x y x w z Oz ~ x y w | y { ~ }  }  y  { y {  { 1 ~ {  <{  x  ~ Oz 6{ $LdkLYk Wk ~ u Oz ~ } (Lk Oz ~  { Oz ~  u~ Lm Oz ~ x Oz ~ w x Oz ~ | lx x { ( x x } ~ Lk x x | 5yLkC k ~ u Oz ~ w y y | Lj ^z y x z y w z (LnjL`j'RAY WOULD MISS INTERFACE, SELECT AGAIN 8j  Lh ^z n| x <{ ~ c z w z LjLj'RAY WILL NOT STRIKE INTERFACE ON SCREEN j  Lj SELECT AGAIN. j  LhL|F 5|  E h  '  ~  ~  zL iCL%iML*iR ~ 5 i  x ~ 5 #i ~  x ~ 5 (i ~ Lj z | LiLi"ANGLE SHOULD BE BETWEEN -90 AND 90 i  Lh z y c } i z <{ ~ x <{ ~ w x y x <{ ~ x w y <{ ~ x y                          ͠٠Ҡ͠ҍŠŠ͠Ԡ͠Ơ͠ԠРƠҠŠͺ͠Ԡ͠נōŠŠ͠ԠŠҍĠҠӍΠ٠ҍ  ) GREETINGS PROGRAM9D$(4): CHR$(4)IS CNTRL D MASTER DISKETTE CREATED ON AUGUST 15, 1982 BY D. VERNIER:16302,0" RAY TRACER"D$;"BLOAD RAY TRACER LOGO"D$;"EXEC RT"  1982D$;"EXEC RT";5-,<35577,,55-$3.56%%??177---*56??55>?', $,-%%??V177=-$??6-6??$--$??6m16,:>55--=?/8/?'$$-55??2??$$,-5)>>>'$$-.??$,$--E8?7.6&*5>?'$$---$4.6fI&$$/=66>- $66>?',%66fQ!''?R1??$$4<<66fI&$$7.6%$$3=$766 $??66.-%$;xz|~(246?HQSUboy"-7CO\ku%%, >>fI>,$-26-$?26?4-6$-)-7%%%377%%??66%.-%$$7 6>-%%??N2?6---$??2--$-$6--6&?$- wLdwL wL wL wL wL wL wL wL wLdwL wL wL wL wL wL 8   8   8  > 8  u 8L 8L 8L 8L 8L wcL weL wgL wiL wkLdwpLdwuLdwzLdwLdwLdwLdwLdwLdwLdwLdwL wLdwLdwLdwLdwLdwLdwLdwL wLLdwL w L w L w LdwL wL wL wLdwL wL w!Ldw&Ldw+L w-L w/Ldw4Ldw9Ldw>LdwCLdwHLdwMLdwRLdwWLdw\LdwaL vL vL vLdvLdvL vL vLdvLdvLdvLdvLdvLdvLdvL vL vLdvLdvLdvLdvL vLdvLdwL wdLdL LdLdLdL L LdLdLdL Ld L LdLd L LdvL?LdDLdIL KLdPL RLdWLd \L ^LdcL eLdjLdoLdtLdyLd~LdLdLALUE":1217kON(M)0N(M)N(M1): IF ANY NEGATIVE INDEX IS ENTERED, TREAT IT THE INTERFACE AS A MIRRORO(N(M))5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":1217O1300O"ENTER Z, R, N, V FOR MEDIUM #";MOZ(M),R(M),N(M),V(M)ON(M)01400P(V(M))5L VALUES ARE ENTERED"N'NM1106NRA21226ZN"ENTER Z, R, N FOR MEDIUM #";MnNZ(M),R(M),N(M)NN(M)01400: EXIT LOOP IF A DUMMY VALUE OF 0 IS ENTEREDNZ(M)Z(M1)Z(M)275ĺ"IMPROPER Z VALUE ":1217 O(R(M))60ĺ"IMPROPER R VM"N = INDEX OF REFRACTIONgMRA11180: IF ONLY ONE RAY IS TO BE DRAWN, SKIP THE NEXT INFORMATIONM" (FOR RED LIGHT)MM"V = INDEX OF REFRACTIONM" (FOR VIOLET LIGHT)MMM"ENTER VALUES OF ZERO TO INDICATEN"ALE VARIOUS MEDIA. THE VALUES?L`"WHICH YOU ARE TO ENTER ARE:"ELelLj"Z = AXIAL POSITION OF RIGHT EDGELm"OF THE MEDIUMLoLt"R = RADIUS OF CURVATURE OF EDGEL~"(USE + FOR CONCAVE TO THE RIGHT L"USE - FOR CONVEX TO THE RIGHT)L50: REPEAT LOOP WITHOUT CLEARING SCREENBK END OF MAIN PROGRAMaK*************************tK MANUAL INPUTK$SPI2: SET S SO THAT 180 DEGREES OF ARC ARE DRAWNK3"MODE X - MANUAL INPUT":KL"YOU WILL BE ASKED TO ENTER VALUESLV"FOR TH800: CLEAR SCREEN AND REDRAW;JU$"M"300: CHANGE MODEJU$"R"PR$"S":HPZS2:VP91YS:0:20000:840: IF AN 'R' IS ENTERED, THEN ERASE THE OLD STARTING POINT AND ASK FOR LOCATION OF NEW STARTING POINTJ10000: CALCULATE AND DRAW RAYS(K8 STARTING Y POSITION BETWEEN -60 AND +80@I49000: DRAW TARGETIC(M$,2,1)"D"850: SKIP MANUAL SELECTION OF STARTING POINT EXCEPT IF A "DEMONSTRATION" MODE IS SELECTEDIH7000: SELECT STARTING POINTIR7500: SELECT STARTING ANGLEJpU$"C"1)"L"3200!Hv(M$,1)"M"33007H(M$,1)"N"3400MH(M$,1)"X"1000oH300: IF NO ENTRY ASK AGAINH :: CLEAR TWO LINESH#8000: DRAW INTERFACESH%ZS4: DEFAULT VALUE FOR STARTING VALUE OF Z(I*YS((1)14060): SELECT A RANDOMEENG(M$,1)"A"2100/G(M$,1)"B"2200EG(M$,1)"C"2300[G(M$,1)"D"2400qG&(M$,1)"E"2500G0(M$,1)"F"2600G:(M$,1)"G"2700GD(M$,1)"H"2800GN(M$,1)"I"2900GX(M$,1)"J"3000Gb(M$,1)"K"3100 Hl(M$,INDROPF" L = PLANE MIRROR ;F" M = SPHERICAL MIRROR`F"*N = SINGLE REFRACTING SURFACEsF"*X = MANUAL yFFM$F(M$,1)"T"RA2: IF THE LAST CHARACTER ENTER IS A 'T' THEN NUMBER OF RAYS TO DRAW IS 2G:::: CLEAR A BIT OF SCRCES (AIR->G->AIR)"=E"*D = STRAIGHT INTERFACES (ANY MEDIA)jE" E = STRAIGHT INTERFACE (DIAMOND->AIR)E" F = THIN LENSE" G = THICK LENSE"*H = THIN LENS IN MEDIUME" I = TWO THIN LENSESE"*J = COMPOUND LENSF"*K = SPHERICAL RA ARC TO BE DRAWN/D6" RAY TRACER"OD@" DAVE VERNIER"oDJ" COPYRIGHT 1982uDTD^"SELECT MODE:DrD" A = STRAIGHT INTERFACE (AIR->GLASS)D" B = STRAIGHT INTERFACE (GLASS->AIR)E" C = STRAIGHT INTERFA IS USED AS "INFINITY" AS A RADIUS FOR DRAWING STRAIGHT INTERFACESiCGR(0)INFINITY:Z(0)4:N(0)0:V(0)0Cd*************************C" MAIN PROGRAM C,:C1RA1: DEFAULT NUMBER OF RAYS TO BE DRAWND3SPI2: DEFAULT VALUE FOR THE AMOUNT OF(1XX)(X(1(X)(X))))PI4((1(X))(1(X))): DEFINE ARC COSINEpB2S(X)PI2C(X): DEFINE ARC SINEB7 CONSTANTS -----------------B<MY159:MZ279: SCREEN LIMITSB>PI3.1415926536BCAINFINITY9E32: LARGEST NUMBER THE APPLE CAN HANDLEROGRAM.,A60000: ERROR HANDLING ROUTINEA768,104:769,168:770,104:771,166:772,223:773,154:774,72:775,152:776,72:777,96: POKES A MACHINE LANGUAGE ROUTINE WHICH IS CALLED DURING ERROR HANDLINGA( FUNCTIONS -----------------HB-C(X)(M2tQHZ(1)100:Z(2)200Q\R(1)INFINITY:R(2)INFINITYQpN(1)1:N(2)1.5QuV(1)1:V(2)1.6Q800Q------------------------Q GLASS TO AIRQM2"IMPROPER V VALUE ":1226EP(R(M))60ĺ"IMPROPER R VALUE ":1226^PN(M)0N(M)N(M1)P(N(M))5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":1226P(V(M))5ĺ"IMPROPER V VALUE ":1226PMPxMM1: ACTUAL NUMBER OF "LAYERS" IS M-1Pl800 Q===========C" OR "R" WAS ENTEREDOo(U)90ĺ"ANGLE SHOULD BE BETWEEN -90 AND 90":7560|oUUPI180: CONVERT DEGREES TO RADIANSoZLZ(1)R(1)(S)R(1):YL(R(1)(S)): CALCULAT THE COORDINATES OF THE "TOP" OF THE FIRST INTERFACEpYL967580: SKIP CHSPOT nR3:nZS,96YS: PUT A DOT AT THE STARTING SPOTnPR$"S":HPZS2:VP91YS:20000: PUT AN "S" ABOVE THE STARTING SPOTn"ENTER ANGLE ";nU$:U(U$)oU$"C"U$"M"U$"R"7580: EXIT ROUTINE WITH U$ MARKING THE FACT THAT A "M" OR "miZS(Z$)@mlZS0ZSZ(1)ĺ"IMPROPER Z VALUE ENTERED ":7011_mtY$"": INITIALIZE Y INPUTemvvm"ENTER Y ";~mY$mYS(Y$)m(YS)95ĺ"Y MUST BE BETWEEN -95 AND +95 ":7040mm****************************nL SELECT STARTING RIGHT 1982 VERNIER SOFTWARE 2920 S.W. 89TH STREET PORTLAND, OR 97225 503-297-5317ql**************************lX RELOCATE STARTING SPOTlaZ$"": INITIALIZE STARTING Z INPUTlc:"ENTER Z ";lfZ$lhZ$""Z$"4": DEFAULT VALUE FOR Z IS 4 RVATURE3k "USE 60 TO 400 FOR CONVEX TO THE LEFT.bk "USE -400 TO -60 FOR CONCAVE TO THE LEFT.lk R(1)k (R(1))60(R(1))400ĺ"IMPROPER R VALUE":3450k R(2)INFINITYk Z(1)140:Z(2)277k 800k ---------------------------Ql COPY2)0.5V(2)5ĺ"IMPROPER V VALUE ":34402ju 3450\jv "ENTER INDEX FOR FIRST MEDIUM ";N(1)jw N(1)0.5N(1)5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":3446jx "ENTER INDEX FOR SECOND MEDIUM ";N(2)jy N(1)0.5N(1)5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":3448kz "ENTER RADIUS OF CUT)im N(1),V(1)Ain N(1)0.5N(1)5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":3435qio V(1)0.5V(1)5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":3435ip "ENTER INDEXES OF REFRACTION FOR SECONDiq "MEDIUM (RED, VIOLET)ir N(2),V(2)is N(2)0.5N(2)5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":3440(jt V(1))400ĺ"IMPROPER R VALUE":33443h R(2)INFINITY@h' Z(1)210Mh* Z(2)257Vh4 800whG ---------------------------hH SINGLE REFRACTING SURFACEh\ M2hf SPI2hi RA23446hk "ENTER INDEXES OF REFRACTION FOR FIRST il "MEDIUM (RED, VIOLE--------- g SPHERICAL MIRROR(g M2?g N(1)1.0:N(2)1.0Vg V(1)1.0:V(2)1.0ag SPI2g "ENTER RADIUS OF CURVATURE "g "(USE 60 TO 400 FOR A CONVEX "g "MIRROR, OR -400 TO -60 FOR A"g "CONCAVE MIRROR)g R(1)!h (R(1))60(R(R(3)INFINITYfN Z(1)140R(1)1fX Z(2)140R(1)>fb Z(3)276Gfv 800hf ---------------------------{f PLANE MIRRORf M2f R(1)INFINITY:R(2)INFINITYf N(1)1:N(2)1f V(1)1:V(2)1f Z(1)140:Z(2)257f 800 g ------------------OF THE SECOND LENS ELEMENT#e 800Ce --------------------------Pe SPHEREXe& M3}e0 SPI2: DRAW 180 DEGREES OF ARCe: N(1)1.0:N(2)1.33:N(3)1.33e? V(1)1.0:V(2)1.43:V(3)1.43eD R(1)63:R(2)R(1): USE A CIRCLE WITH A RADIUS OF 63 fH OPER R VALUE":3052"d R(2)R(1)4d R(3)INFINITYFd R(4)INFINITYid R(1)0Z(1)93:Z(2)107:3070d Z(1)100(R(1)R(1)(S))d Z(2)100(R(1)R(1)(S))d Z(4)276e Z(3)100(R(1)R(1)(S))20: CHOOSE THE PROPER SPOT FOR THE REAR EDGE 1.0:V(1)1.0:V(4)1.0: INDEXES FOR AIR2c SPI48c gc "ENTER RADIUS OF CURVATURE FOR THE FIRST"|c "LENS SEGMENT."c "(USE 60 TO 200 FOR A CONVEX SEGMENTc "OR -200 TO -60 FOR A CONCAVE SEGMENT)"c R(1)d (R(1))60(R(1))200ĺ"IMPRILL BE+b "IN DIRECT CONTACT. THE FIRST"Vb "SEGMENT IS MADE OF CROWN GLASS. THEb "SECOND SEGMENT IS MADE OF FLINT GLASS."b N(2)1.5:V(2)1.6: INDEXES OF THE FIRST ELEMENTb N(3)1.55:V(3)1.75: INDEXES OF SECOND ELEMENT'c N(1)1.0:N(4)Z(3)200(R(3)R(3)(S))7a Z(4)200(R(3)R(3)(S))Da Z(5)276Ma 800ka ------------------------a COMPOUND LENSa M4a "THIS LENS WILL CONSIST OF TWO DIFFERENTa "SEGMENTS MADE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OFb "GLASS. THE TWO SEGMENTS WRADIUS OF CURVATURE%` "FOR LENS #2P` "USE 60 TO 150 FOR A CONVEX LENS OR v` "-150 TO -60 FOR A CONCAVE LENS"` R(3)` (R(3))60(R(3))150ĺ"IMPROPER R VALUE":2976` R(4)R(3)` R(5)INFINITY` R(3)0Z(3)193:Z(4)207:2987a INDEX VALUES FOR SECOND RAY0((U)0NV(J)E((U)0NV(J1)\((U)0N2V(J1)p((U)0N2V(J)(N2011000(CI(G2(1R(J))F))IC(CI))SI2N(I)N2,)(SI2)1N2N:10520: TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION@)I2S(SI2)\~((U)0N2N(J1): IF RAY IS TRAVELING TO THE RIGHT, THEN THE MEDIUM BEING ENTERED IS N(J+1)~((U)0N2N(J): IF RAY IS TRAVELING TO THE LEFT, THEN THE MEDIUM BEING ENTERED IS N(J)~(10460: SKIP THE V() VALUES THE FIRST TIME THROUGH( GET OR REFRACTIONB}( GET THE INDEX OF REFRACTION FOR THE FIRST RAYr}(TA210450: FOR SECOND RAY USE V() VALUES}((U)0NN(J): IF RAY IS TRAVELING TO THE RIGHT, THEN N=N(J)}((U)0NN(J1): IF RAY IS TRAVELING TO THE LEFT, THEN N = N(J+1)aGMENT |(QN|((Z(J)ZT)(YEYT)4Č198:198:198:198:"TARGET HIT !"|(Z(J)1Z(J)257ZPZ(M)11000: EXIT RAY DRAWING ROUTINE IF AT THE EDGE OF SCREEN OR AT THE LAST INTERFACE|( --------}( CALCULATE NEW ANGLE FOR RAY AFTER REFLECTIONF)){P(YYE(U)DO'{d(ZZ(J)(U)DOC{f(LG((Y0Y)2(Z0Z)2)R{h( --------i{j( DRAW RAY SEGMENTw{(Q0LG3{(YP96Y0Q(U){(ZPZ0Q(U){(YP0ZP0YPMYZPMZ11000: THIS RAY IS DRAWN AS FAR AS IT CAN GO|(ZP,YP: DRAW LINE SE INTERFACEz(YEY0(Z(J)Z0)(U): CALCULATE THE Y COODINATE DIRECTLY ABOVE OR BELOW THE POINT WHERE THE INTERFACE MEETS THE AXISz(G(U)(1R(J))(U)YEz(F(1R(J))YE2z(((U)0DOF(G(G2(1R(J))F)){<((U)0DOF(G(G2(1R(J))1Ē3My 'RA2TA1Ē5: IF TWO RAYS ARE TO BE DRAWN, DRAW THE FIRST ONE REDy!'RA2TA2Ē2: IF TWO RAYS ARE TO BE DRAWN, DRAW THE SECOND ONE IN BLUEy'Z0,96YSy' -------y' RESTART HERE z' CALCULATE POINT WHERE RAY WILL STRIKE THE NEXT**********************:x' CALCULATE VALUES AND DRAW RAYsx'TA1RA: REPEAT WHOLE RAY DRAWING PROCESS RA TIMESx'J1: INITIALIZE TO MEDIUM 1x'Z0ZS:Y0YS: INITIALIZE STARTING POINT FOR DRAWING RAYx'U(U$)PI180: SET STARTING ANGLEy'RAURFACE ON WHICH THE TARGET IS TO BE DRAWN IS SHARPLY CURVED, MOVE THE TARGET TO NEAR THE AXISdw%3w%48ZT,96YT: DRAW DARGETwH&PR$"T":VP96YT5: SET COORDINATES FOR DRAWING "T"wK&HPZT5wM&ZT270HPZT5wR&20000: DRAW Tw'x'****1)15063): SELECT A RANDOM NUMBER FOR Y COORDINATE FOR TARGET (BETWEEN -63 AND 87)v%(YSYT)7ZTZSYTYT7: IF THE TARGET AND THE STARTING POINT OVERLAP, MOVE THE TARGET 7 SPACES UP TO AVOID CONFUSION]w%(R(T))150ĭ(YT96)10YT0: IF THE SR": IF A NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACTION IS USED, LABEL THE MEDIUM AS A MIRRORWu&!20000^u*!Jdu"u'#**************************u(# SELECT TARGET SPOTu#J1Mu#N(J)0TM2:9500u#Ju$TMu%ZTZ(T): Z COODINATE OF TARGETUv%YT((ZN08440ft ISPI2ēZN,YN:8440: DRAW ONLY A POINT THE FIRST TIME, DRAW A LINE EVERY OTHER TIMEwt ZZ,YYZN,YNt ZZZN:YYYN: REASSIGN "OLD" POINTSt !It"!------t#!PR$((N(J)),4)t$!VP120:HP(Z(J1)Z(J))210Lu%!N(J)0PR$"MIRROATURE-s Z(J)R(J)20Z(J)R(J)22578410s N(2)0ĪVP100:HPZ(J)R(J)2:PR$"F":20000: DRAW AN "F" AT THE FOCAL POINTs ISPI2SPI2.04s ZNZ(J)R(J)R(J)(I)s YN96R(J)(I)s YYMYYNMYZZMZZNMZ8440 t YY0YN0ZZ0 Z(J),0Z(J),191G->AIR)"=E"*D = STRAIGHT INTERFACES (ANY MEDIA)jE" E = STRAIGHT INTERFACE (DIAMOND->AIR)E" F = THIN LENSE" G = THICK LENSE"*H = THIN LENS IN MEDIUME" I = TWO THIN LENSESE"*J = COMPOUND LENSF"*K = SPHERICAL RA ARC TO BE DRAWN/D6" RAY TRACER"OD@" DAVE VERNIER"oDJ" COPYRIGHT 1982uDTD^"SELECT MODE:DrD" A = STRAIGHT INTERFACE (AIR->GLASS)D" B = STRAIGHT INTERFACE (GLASS->AIR)E" C = STRAIGHT INTERFA IS USED AS "INFINITY" AS A RADIUS FOR DRAWING STRAIGHT INTERFACESiCGR(0)INFINITY:Z(0)4:N(0)0:V(0)0Cd*************************C" MAIN PROGRAM C,:C1RA1: DEFAULT NUMBER OF RAYS TO BE DRAWND3SPI2: DEFAULT VALUE FOR THE AMOUNT OF(1XX)(X(1(X)(X))))PI4((1(X))(1(X))): DEFINE ARC COSINEpB2S(X)PI2C(X): DEFINE ARC SINEB7 CONSTANTS -----------------B<MY159:MZ279: SCREEN LIMITSB>PI3.1415926536BCAINFINITY9E32: LARGEST NUMBER THE APPLE CAN HANDLEROGRAM.,A60000: ERROR HANDLING ROUTINEA768,104:769,168:770,104:771,166:772,223:773,154:774,72:775,152:776,72:777,96: POKES A MACHINE LANGUAGE ROUTINE WHICH IS CALLED DURING ERROR HANDLINGA( FUNCTIONS -----------------HB-C(X)(M2tQHZ(1)100:Z(2)200Q\R(1)INFINITY:R(2)INFINITYQpN(1)1:N(2)1.5QuV(1)1:V(2)1.6Q800Q------------------------Q GLASS TO AIRQM2"IMPROPER V VALUE ":1226EP(R(M))60ĺ"IMPROPER R VALUE ":1226^PN(M)0N(M)N(M1)P(N(M))5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":1226P(V(M))5ĺ"IMPROPER V VALUE ":1226PMPxMM1: ACTUAL NUMBER OF "LAYERS" IS M-1Pl800 Q===========ALUE":1217kON(M)0N(M)N(M1): IF ANY NEGATIVE INDEX IS ENTERED, TREAT IT THE INTERFACE AS A MIRRORO(N(M))5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":1217O1300O"ENTER Z, R, N, V FOR MEDIUM #";MOZ(M),R(M),N(M),V(M)ON(M)01400P(V(M))5L VALUES ARE ENTERED"N'NM1106NRA21226ZN"ENTER Z, R, N FOR MEDIUM #";MnNZ(M),R(M),N(M)NN(M)01400: EXIT LOOP IF A DUMMY VALUE OF 0 IS ENTEREDNZ(M)Z(M1)Z(M)275ĺ"IMPROPER Z VALUE ":1217 O(R(M))60ĺ"IMPROPER R VM"N = INDEX OF REFRACTIONgMRA11180: IF ONLY ONE RAY IS TO BE DRAWN, SKIP THE NEXT INFORMATIONM" (FOR RED LIGHT)MM"V = INDEX OF REFRACTIONM" (FOR VIOLET LIGHT)MMM"ENTER VALUES OF ZERO TO INDICATEN"ALE VARIOUS MEDIA. THE VALUES?L`"WHICH YOU ARE TO ENTER ARE:"ELelLj"Z = AXIAL POSITION OF RIGHT EDGELm"OF THE MEDIUMLoLt"R = RADIUS OF CURVATURE OF EDGEL~"(USE + FOR CONCAVE TO THE RIGHT L"USE - FOR CONVEX TO THE RIGHT)L50: REPEAT LOOP WITHOUT CLEARING SCREENBK END OF MAIN PROGRAMaK*************************tK MANUAL INPUTK$SPI2: SET S SO THAT 180 DEGREES OF ARC ARE DRAWNK3"MODE X - MANUAL INPUT":KL"YOU WILL BE ASKED TO ENTER VALUESLV"FOR TH800: CLEAR SCREEN AND REDRAW;JU$"M"300: CHANGE MODEJU$"R"PR$"S":HPZS2:VP91YS:0:20000:840: IF AN 'R' IS ENTERED, THEN ERASE THE OLD STARTING POINT AND ASK FOR LOCATION OF NEW STARTING POINTJ10000: CALCULATE AND DRAW RAYS(K8 STARTING Y POSITION BETWEEN -60 AND +80@I49000: DRAW TARGETIC(M$,2,1)"D"850: SKIP MANUAL SELECTION OF STARTING POINT EXCEPT IF A "DEMONSTRATION" MODE IS SELECTEDIH7000: SELECT STARTING POINTIR7500: SELECT STARTING ANGLEJpU$"C"1)"L"3200!Hv(M$,1)"M"33007H(M$,1)"N"3400MH(M$,1)"X"1000oH300: IF NO ENTRY ASK AGAINH :: CLEAR TWO LINESH#8000: DRAW INTERFACESH%ZS4: DEFAULT VALUE FOR STARTING VALUE OF Z(I*YS((1)14060): SELECT A RANDOMEENG(M$,1)"A"2100/G(M$,1)"B"2200EG(M$,1)"C"2300[G(M$,1)"D"2400qG&(M$,1)"E"2500G0(M$,1)"F"2600G:(M$,1)"G"2700GD(M$,1)"H"2800GN(M$,1)"I"2900GX(M$,1)"J"3000Gb(M$,1)"K"3100 Hl(M$,R(3)INFINITYfN Z(1)140R(1)1fX Z(2)140R(1)>fb Z(3)276Gfv 800hf ---------------------------{f PLANE MIRRORf M2f R(1)INFINITY:R(2)INFINITYf N(1)1:N(2)1f V(1)1:V(2)1f Z(1)140:Z(2)257f 800 g ------------------OF THE SECOND LENS ELEMENT#e 800Ce --------------------------Pe SPHEREXe& M3}e0 SPI2: DRAW 180 DEGREES OF ARCe: N(1)1.0:N(2)1.33:N(3)1.33e? V(1)1.0:V(2)1.43:V(3)1.43eD R(1)63:R(2)R(1): USE A CIRCLE WITH A RADIUS OF 63 fH OPER R VALUE":3052"d R(2)R(1)4d R(3)INFINITYFd R(4)INFINITYid R(1)0Z(1)93:Z(2)107:3070d Z(1)100(R(1)R(1)(S))d Z(2)100(R(1)R(1)(S))d Z(4)276e Z(3)100(R(1)R(1)(S))20: CHOOSE THE PROPER SPOT FOR THE REAR EDGE 1.0:V(1)1.0:V(4)1.0: INDEXES FOR AIR2c SPI48c gc "ENTER RADIUS OF CURVATURE FOR THE FIRST"|c "LENS SEGMENT."c "(USE 60 TO 200 FOR A CONVEX SEGMENTc "OR -200 TO -60 FOR A CONCAVE SEGMENT)"c R(1)d (R(1))60(R(1))200ĺ"IMPRILL BE+b "IN DIRECT CONTACT. THE FIRST"Vb "SEGMENT IS MADE OF CROWN GLASS. THEb "SECOND SEGMENT IS MADE OF FLINT GLASS."b N(2)1.5:V(2)1.6: INDEXES OF THE FIRST ELEMENTb N(3)1.55:V(3)1.75: INDEXES OF SECOND ELEMENT'c N(1)1.0:N(4)Z(3)200(R(3)R(3)(S))7a Z(4)200(R(3)R(3)(S))Da Z(5)276Ma 800ka ------------------------a COMPOUND LENSa M4a "THIS LENS WILL CONSIST OF TWO DIFFERENTa "SEGMENTS MADE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OFb "GLASS. THE TWO SEGMENTS WRADIUS OF CURVATURE%` "FOR LENS #2P` "USE 60 TO 150 FOR A CONVEX LENS OR v` "-150 TO -60 FOR A CONCAVE LENS"` R(3)` (R(3))60(R(3))150ĺ"IMPROPER R VALUE":2976` R(4)R(3)` R(5)INFINITY` R(3)0Z(3)193:Z(4)207:2987a LENS OR 2_ "-150 TO -60 FOR A CONCAVE LENS"<_ R(1)s_ (R(1))60(R(1))150ĺ"IMPROPER R VALUE ":2944_ R(2)R(1)_ R(1)0Z(1)93:Z(2)107:2970_ Z(1)100(R(1)R(1)(S))_ Z(2)100(R(1)R(1)(S))_ SECOND LENS` "ENTER -----------------'^T TWO THIN LENSES/^^ M5`^h N(1)1.0:N(2)1.5:N(3)1.0:N(4)1.5:N(5)1.0^r V(1)1.0:V(2)1.6:V(3)1.0:V(4)1.6:V(5)1.5^| SPI4^~ FIRST LENS^ "ENTER RADIUS OF CURVATURE^ "FOR LENS #1 _ "USE 60 TO 150 FOR A CONVEX0 TO -60 FOR A CONCAVE LENS"&]$ R(1)\]& (R(1))60(R(1))400ĺ"IMPROPER R VALUE":2852k]' R(2)R(1)}], R(3)INFINITY]. R(1)0Z(1)133:Z(2)147:2870]/ Z(1)140(R(1)R(1)(S))]3 Z(2)140(R(1)R(1)(S))]6 Z(3)276]@ 800^S -------SIDE MEDIUM "\ RA22832/\ "(RED,BLUE)"R\ N(1),V(1):N(3)N(1):V(3)V(1)\\ 2840p\ N(1):N(3)N(1)\ N(1)0.5N(1)5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":2820\ SPI4\ "ENTER RADIUS OF CURVATURE "\ "USE 60 TO 400 FOR A CONVEX LENS OR]" "-40 RA22819[ "(RED, BLUE).[ N(2),V(2)^[ N(2)0.5N(2)5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":2812[ V(2)0.5V(2)5ĺ"IMPROPER V VALUE ":2812[ 2820[ N(2):N(2)0.5N(2)5ĺ"IMPROPER N VALUE ":2812[ "ENTER THE INDEX OF REFRACTION FOR \ "OUTR(1)Z R(3)INFINITY