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THE TITLE OF THBOOK IS "WHOLESALING: PRINCIPLES ANPRACTICE" BASICALLY, THEN GROUP WITH WHOLESALERS TPROVIDE LEVELS OF COMPLEXITY TO WHOLESALING (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. INOCRRECT PLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT., WHOLESALING GAINS ITS SIGNIFICANCE FROM FOUR POINTS OF VIEW: SALEVOLUME SORRY PLEASE TRY THE QUESTION AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.T WHAT ARE LINKAGES CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MIDDLEME PIPELIN LINEAR CO-OCCUPATIO LINKS TO CONSUMERӄ", RIGHT LINKAGES ARE FORMED WHEN VARIOUSMIDDLEMND OF PRODUCTIONTHE ESTABLISHMENT OF PRIMARY AND INTERMEDIATE MARKETS IN WHICH THE VARIOUSTAGES OF WHOLESALE EXCHANGE AND THESTABLISHENT OF PRICE LEVELS TAKE PLACE. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.h VERY GOOD (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.6RODUCTIONFACILITIES (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.r NOT QUITE PLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. OTHER CONDITIONS WHICH EXIST ARETHE CORRESPONDING INCREASE IN THEINTERMEDIATE CONSUMPTIVE LEVELS BETWEETHE BEGINNING AND ETIES. NEXT, IT IS THE INTENTION OF THIPRODUCTIVE PROCESS TO INCREASE THEVOLUME OF GOODS PRODUCED OVER THE SPECI-FIED ORDERS OF USERS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. EXACTLY THE INITIAL STAGE OF AN OVERALL WHOLESALING STRATEGY IS MASS P INCORRECT PLEASE TRY THE QUESTION AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. A GENERAL STRATEGY OF WHOLESALININ MARKETING CAN NOW BE ANALYZED. THCONDITIONS THAT MAKE UP THIS STRATEGYBEGIN WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF MASS PRO- DUCTION FACILIAL OF MARKETING THE FOUR ASPECTS OF SORTING SERVAS THE MACHINE FOR WHICH THE ENDS OMATCHING ARE ACHIEVED (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. WHAT IS THE GOAL OF MARKETING OVERABUNDANC SCARCIT MATCHING SUPPLY WITH DEMAN BOTH A AND „T. WHAT IS THE END PRODUCT OSORTING SORTING OU MATCHIN ACCUMULATIO ASSORTINDŽ֒̒֒֒ SPLENDID MATCHING IS THE END PRODUCT OF SORTING (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.’ THE MATCHING OF SEGMENTS OF SUPPLAND DEMAND IS THE GO""DЀ @ DPDD񊨁ЀDЀD(㟀Ъժժժժժժժժժ@  DЀ  EDPS AS MUCH HOMOGENEITY AS NEEDED TO FACILITATE THINTERMEDIATE ECONOMIC PROCESSES. YEHOMOGENEITY HAS LIMITED UTILITY FOCONSUMER BEHAVIOR OR EXPECTATIONS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. MARKETING PRODUCES AS MUCH HOMOGENEITY AS MAY BE NEEDED TO FA TERRIFIC ALDERSON DESCRIBED MARKETING AS "RADICAL HETEROGENEITY" THAT MUST BE OVERCOME THROUGH THIS PROCESS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SORRY PLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. MARKETING PRODUCEHOLECONOMIC PROCESS AS A SERIES OF TRANSFORMATIONS FROM MEANINGLESS TO MEANINGFUL HETEROGENEITY (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. WHOSE WHOLESALING CONCEPTS EXPRESSES MARKETING AS "RADICAL HETEROGENEITY" DREXLER-LAMBER ALDERSO BECKMA ENGLO CONT. THE WROE ALDERSON CONCEPT HASTHE OPINION THAT THERE EXISTS "RADICAHETEROGENEITY OF MARKETS" MATERIALS OCCUR IN NATURE INHETERGENEOUS MIXTURES CALLED CONGLOMERATIONS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. THIS CONCEPT PERCEIVES THE WRY PLEASE TRY THE QUESTION AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. THE PROCESSES OF CONCENTRATIOAND EQUALIZATION ARE VITAL TO THEOVERALL METHOD OF WHOLESALING (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.)ړ THAT IS CORRECT (PRESS RETURN TF THE FOLLOWING IS "NOTA PROCESS OF CLARK'S VIEW OF WHOLESALING MANUFACTURIN CONCENTRATIO EQUALIZATIO DISPERSIO΄ CORRECT !MANUFACTURING IS NOT A PROCESS INCLARK'S WHOLESALING THEORY (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SORONT.* THE ADJUSTMENT OF SUPPLY TO DEMANON THE BASIS OF TIME, QUANTITY ANDQUALITY IS THE PROCESS OF EQUALIZATION AT THIS POINT, THE SUPPLY OF GOODREADY FOR SALE IS ADJUSTED TO THE DEMAND FOR THEM (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. WHICH OCERNEWITH GOODS SOLD IN THEIR NATURALSTATES CONCENTRATIO EQUILIZATIO ADAPTATIO ALL OF THE ABOVń * GOOD PLEASE GO ON (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. INCORRECT PLEASE TRY THE QUESTION AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO C DISPERSING THESE COMMODITIES TTHE CONSUMER MARKET IS THE SECOND PROCESS. PRODUCTS READY FOR FINAL CONSUMPTION ARE DISPERSED TO THE MIDDLEMEN, WHO THEN RETAIL THESE GOODS TCONSUMERS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.* WHICH CLARK CONCEPT IS CONO CONT.\ THE FIRST OF THESE PROCESSES ITHE CONCENTRATING OF RAW MATERIALSFOOD STUFFS AND MANUFACTURED GOODS TCENTRAL POSITIONS. CONCENTRATION IESPECIALLY EFFECTIVE WHEN THE GOODS ARE SOLD IN THEIR NATURAL STATE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.4LVED THREE PROCESSES. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.\ MARVELOUS A TWO-FOLD FLOW OF PRODUCTS IS THEBASIS FOR CLARK'S VERSION OF WHOLESALING (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.> SORRY PLEASE TRY THE QUESTION AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TE-FOLD FLOW OF GOOD CONCENTRATIO VERTICAL MARKETIN TWO-FOLD FLOW OF PRODUCTӄRRRH\ THE FRED E. CLARK METHOD IS THREE-FOLD DIVISION OF HIS DESCRIPTIONOF THE MARKETING PROCESS. MARKETINGIS BUILT AROUND A TWO-FOLD FLOW OPRODUCTS WHICH INVOS RETURN TO CONT. PROCESSES DEAL WITH MEANINGFUGROUPINGS OF FUNCTIONS. THESE PROCESSES ARE USED IN THE STRATEGICPLANNING OF MARKETING DECISIONS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.f WHAT IS FRED E. CLARK'S VERSIONOF WHOLESALING BASED ON THRE OF USEFUL ACTIVITIE MATH TER BODILY FUNCTIO ALL OF THE ABOVńzzz CORRECT A GROUP OF USEFUL ACTIVITIES CONSTITUTES A FUNCTION (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.p THAT IS INCORRECTTRY THE QUESTION AGAIN PLEASE (PRES INSUY TINY INCREASE IN COST OF USINR-33 PAYS DIVIDENDS EACH YEAR IN FUESAVED OR IN SOLAR HEAT RETAINED THERE IS SIMPLY NO QUESTION...WHEIN DOUBT, GO HIGHER R-VALUE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. ONE METHOD USED TO COMBAT VAPOAND CONDENSATION INIGN HAS A VALUE OF R-19 (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. FOUR INCHES OF LOOSE BLOWN ROCWOOL HAS AN R-VALUE OF 11 WHILE A FUL12 INCH COVERING IN AN ATTIC HAS GENEROUS R-33 RATING (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. ESPECIALLY IN A NEW HOUSE, THVERRESISTING THE CONDUCTION OHEAT ENERGY...THE BETTER IT INSULATES (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.Ɠ R-VALUES DIFFER WITH VARIOUMATERIALS. FOR EXAMPLE, A SIX INCGLASS FIBER BATT FOR A WALL OR ATTIHAS A VALUE OF R-19, WHILE A THREE INCOF THE SAME DESTRANSFERENCE OFHEAT ENERGY BY DIRECT CONTACT BETWEEMATERIALS. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.)Г INSULATION IS SOLD WITH A GIVER-VALUE RATING. R-VALUES MEASURE MATERIAL'S RESISTANCE TO CONDUCTION THE HIGHER THE R-VALUE, THE BETTEIT IS AT OTHER INSTALLATIONS MAY VARDEPENDING ON EXPOSURE, COLD AND OTHECONDITIONS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.ړ INSULATION IS THE GENERAL TERMFOR MATERIALS THAT REDUCE THE CONDUCTION OF HEAT ENERGY THROUGH WALLS ANCEILINGS. CONDUCTION IS THE LOCOST COVERINGS AS PLASTIC SHEETING CABE USED FOR SHORT PERIODS. THE POINIS TO GET WIND FLOW DOWN, EVEN IF THERCONTINUES TO BE RADIATION OUTWARD (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SUCH STORM WINDOWS SHOULD BINSTALLED ON THE WINDWARD SIDE FOSURE.S REPRESENT A GOOD PAYBACK BECAUSE THE ENERGY SAVINGS ARE VERY HIGHWINDOWS CAN BE A PROBLEM AND SHOULD BCAREFULLY CONSIDERED AS AVENUES OHEAT LOSS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. IF STORM WINDOWS ARE TOO EXPENSIVOR SIMPLY DO NOT LOOK GOOD, SUCH TO CONT. ONE WAY TO CUT LOSS IS TO INSTALSTORM SHUTTERS OR STORM DOORS. THESINSTALL EASILY AND IF MANUFACTURED ANINSTALLED PROPERLY, ARE CHEAP ANRATHER GOOD LOOKING (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. EVEN AT $3 PER SQUARE FOOT, STORWINDOWAT LOSS, YET MAKE UONLY 20% OR SO OF THE TOTAL EXTERIOOF A HOUSE ONE REASON FOR THE GREATER LOSIS THAT RADIATION PASSES BACK OUTHROUGH THE WINDOWS AND GLASSESPECIALLY SINGLE PANED GLASS ANCONDUCTS LOTS OF HEAT TO THE OUTSIDE (PRESS RETURNEXTERIOR DOORS CAN ALSO BE USED ONATTIC DOORS OR OTHER OPENINGS TO FURTHER REDUCE THE CHIMNEY EFFECT. PAY-BACKS HERE ARE ALSO IN THE ORDER OONE TO TWO YEARS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) WINDOWS AND DOORS CAN ACCOUNT FOOVER 50% OF THE HE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.> IF HOLES OR SPACES ARE LARGER THA1/4 INCH, OAKUM FILLER, AN OIL IMPREGNATED ROPE, SHOULD BE USED IN THOPENINGS BEFORE THE CAULKING COMPOUNIS USED (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. WEATHER-STRIPPING THAT IS USED OYEAR. AFTETHAT, YOU'RE HOME FREE...MAKING MONEY (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.H CUTTING INFILTRATION AROUNDOORS IS THE SAME AS DOING IT AROUNWINDOWS. AMONG SEVERAL DEVICES ARE 1) ADHESIVE BACKED FEL 2) FOAM STRIP 3) THIN SPRING META G INCLUDE THFOLLOWING 1) ADHESIVE BACKED FEL 2) ROLLED VINY 3) THIN SPRING META (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.R A NEAT THING ABOUT WEATHERSTRIPPING IS THAT ITS PAYBACK PERIO(TIME AND ENERGY SAVINGS COMPARED TINITIAL COST) IS ABOUT A MOKE SOURCE), CHECK THE AIR FLOWAROUND WINDOWS AND DOORS, BOTH BEFORAND AFTER ANY INSTALLATIONS TO INSURAIR CONTROL A WINDY DAY WOULD HAVE AIINFILTRATION AT A MAXIMUM (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.\ SOME STANDARD VARIETIES OWEATHER-STRIPPINBOX (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.p ONE WAY IS TO CHECK THE SEALAROUND ALL WINDOWS. WEATHER-STRIPPINCOMES IN A VARIETY OF FORMATS. YOULOCAL SUPPLIERS CAN HELP YOU MAKSELECTIONS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.f WITH A BURNING STRING (FOR SMORE THAN A BIGGER HEATESOURCE THE PROBLEM OF AIR LEAKS IS VITATO SOLVE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.z INFILTRATION MEANS COLD AIBLOWING IN. WHEN THAT HAPPENS, IT ALSMEANS THAT WARM AIR IS GOING OUT HOW CAN WE MAKE A HOME A BETTEAIR ING OBUILDING A NEW ONE THAT USES SOLATECHNOLOGIES PRESS (A) IF INTERESTED ONLY I NEW HOUSE PRESS (B) IF INTERESTED IN RETRO FITTING EXISTING HOMEӂ MUCH LIKE TRYING TO KEEP A LEAKBUCKET FULL, A HOUSE LEAKING ENERGY REQUIRES MUCH EMS ARE 1) AVAILABLE ONLY IN DAYLIGH 2) DIFFUSED EVERYWHERE AT 300 BTU PER SQUARE FOOT PER HOU 3) SUBJECT TO CUT-OFF BY STORM AND CLOUDS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. OK. ARE YOU INTERESTED IN RETROFITTING AN EXISTING BUILDAGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.Ԕ NOT QUITE PERHAPS AIR IS TOO, BUT THAT'S NOT OUPOINT. PLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.Ԕ THIS SOLAR FLUX (THE PROPER NAMFOR ALL SUN FREQUENCIES) IS OUR BASIRESOURCE. ITS MAIN PROBLSE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. YES EMR...RIGHT! AND IT CONSISTS OF LIGHTNEAR INFRA-RED, AND FAR INFRA-RED (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.Ԕ SORRY IT CAN GO BOTH WAYS THROUGH THE GLASSO IT ISN'T TRAPPED. PLEASE TRY CORRECT IT'S THAT INPUT THAT'S USUALLY WASTED...THE KEY TO A NEW KIND OF HEATING (THAISN'T NEW) WE NEED TO COLLECT AND DIRECT THI300 (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. INCORRECT IT'S THE ACRONYM FOR ELECTROMAGNETIRADIATION. PLEA ITHIS PROGRAM (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SORRY HIGHER - WE GET MUCH MORE THAN THATPLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. INCORRECT 12,000 WOULD BE A BARBECUE. PLEASTRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. AS LONG AS THSUN SHINES (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.. SO, A GREENHOUSE REMAINS HEATEINSIDE, BECAUSE IT REPRESENTS SPECIAL HEAT TRAP ALLOWING ENERGY TGO ONLY IN ONE DIRECTION THIS CONCEPT WILL BE AN ESSENTIAFEATURE IN SOLAR ENERGY PLANNINGTURN TO CONT.8 GLASS, HOWEVER, TRANSMITS ONLVISUAL LIGHT AND NEAR INFRA-RED. THFAR INFRA-RED IS BOUNCED BACK AND REABSORBED. SO, THERE IS A NET HEAGAIN; A CONCENTRATION OF HEAT ENERGY THAT'S WHY A GREENHOUSE IS WAREVEN IN COLD WEATHER...H). THIS RADIATION IS NEAR AND FAINFRA-RED RADIATION (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.` THE OBJECTS INSIDE...PLANTS, POTSSOIL, THE FLOOR...ALL WARM UP AND BECOME RADIATORS OF FAR INFRA-RED THEMSELVES. THE ENTIRE AREA WARMS UP (PRESS RE *F119 *F120 -*F118 WF117 6)F116 fF115 (F114 Y'F113 2VF112 S111.PIugF111 e&F110 %F109 $F108 9UF107 HTF106 S105.PIå#F105 `SF104 "F103 #"F102 S101.PIÝ!F101 F100 zRF99 F98 45 8F144 6F143 5F142 ]F141 5F140 \F139 [F138 O4F137 {3F136 2F135 1F134 !1F133 l0F132 /F131 YF130 ,YF129 .F128 -F127 #-F125 WF126 ,F124 yXF123.5 *,F123 +F122 RcF121 dF167.5 fGF167 `F166 FF165.5 T_F163.5 QFF165 ^F164 FF163 zEF162 DF161 CF160 CF159 ^F158 8BF157 bAF156 h@F155 ?F154 cF153 >F152 5>F151 ^=F150 aZZ** FRAME ALREADY DECLARED *** FRAME NOT DEFINED * oΠ8ȱLO`)Ȣ  L  ?0 Ȣ L)ɀ)ȱ  0$8`  X MODIFY FRAME ߥH Hȱ  MODIFY HEADER  X    MODIFY ANSWERS  E` s ȘL  X DELETE FRAME (Y/N) Ơ     ** FRAME DELETED *LNȱ8 Ȣ  L   4 ٰ u`)`$8f@숱09 Ȣ L$0$8f  (BLL)ɀм$08@@iȱiȢ 0J  (B) --> oL$  OTHERWISE -->L XM!! PRESS RETURN TO CONTL ` X FRAME NAME: qG NAME OF PICTURE FILE: q  LL=  L%   +A0< (D) GO TO ZL/ OTHERWISE q  ? THIS IS THE NAME OF THE PICTURE FILE USED FOR THIS FRAML `` WHICH FRAME? q2 bii X  DLv LN-)   @  $`hh`8; 8$ ##TYPE # ɍ(` NO MORE ROOHH`      ] ߈`L) 8`` q  $`A8 (A q$   $0 q8A LJJJ<  8`H$h L ` `8`HHh `v  8     3UV    X o h WHAT?L@ XHSTICK WITH US IN ADDITION TO JUST SAV BY GRANT CAR GRAPHICS BY KEVIN HICKEY !vܑt E.C.P.L. EDUCATION PROGRAM HOW TO HEAT YOUR HOME WITH SOLAR ENERGY                                          TEMPERATUR HEAT RATI TEMPERATURE RANGń SORRY WATER IS 1.0. ALL SUBSTANCES HAVE SPECIFIC RATING THERE! YOUR CHOICES ARE NARROWETO 2. TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. RIGHT (PRESS RETURN TO CO NEEDED TO CHANGE THTEMPERATURE OF SOME MASS CHECK THE LIST AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. THAT'S RIGHT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. NOW WHAT PROPERTY DESCRIBES HOWELL A MATERIAL WILL STORE HEAT SPECIFIC HEA SPECIFICEM WHENEVER WE PLEASE, AS WNOW CAN DO BY TURNING UP THE HEATETHERMOSTAT SOLAR REQUIRES A FINESSE OFPLANNING AND THINKING TO MAKE IT REALLWORK (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. NOT TRUE THINK OF THE DEFINITION OF A CALORIE OBTU...ENERGYE A MICROCLIMATE THAT IS COMFORTABLE HEATING WITH SOLAR...THAT IDOING IT EFFECTIVELY...MUST TAKE INTACCOUNT THE BASICS OF HEAT EXCHANGE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. ONE REASON IS THE FACT THAT WCAN'T JUST DUMP A LOT OF ENERGY INTTHE SYST AND FLOOALSO RADIATE. IF WHAT COMES TOWARD UAND WHAT WE RADIATE IS ABOUT THE SAMEWE FEEL WITHIN THE COMFORT RANGE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.Г WITH CLOTHES, VARIOUS KINDS OSHELTER AND DAILY SUNLIGHT, WE'VLEARNED, OVER THE CENTURIES, TCREATELVIN (ABSOLUTE ZERO), WRADIATE HEAT ENERGY. SO, AT 37C WHICIS 310K (37+273), WE CAN'T HELRADIATING IN FACT, WE WEAR CLOTHES TO HELSTOP SOME OF THAT RADIATION, AS WELAS SOME CONDUCTION (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.ړ BUT THE WALLS, CEILING WEIGH A LOT FOR A GIVESIZE OR VOLUME (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. WE GAIN AND LOSE HEAT ENERGY FROOUR BODY IN TWO MAIN WAYS...WE RADIATENERGY AND WE CONDUCT ENERGY (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. LIKE ANY MASS, AS LONG AS WE ARABOVE 0 K MAKES THE MOST SENSE, SO FAR. 1.IS THE HIGHEST RATING. HOWEVER, THERIS MORE TO SELECTING A STORAGE MEANTHAN JUST SPECIFIC HEAT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.* IN ADDITION TO THE SPECIFIC HEARATING, SOME MATERIALS ARE VERY DENSE...THAT IS, THEYROM THE SUN, WHAT SUBSTANCWOULD YOU USE RETURN TO LIST FOR ANOTHER LOO WOO ROC WATE҄\H>4R THAT'S A GOOD CHOICE. NOW, DO YOUKNOW WHY ITS GOOD, EVEN THOUGH 0.21 ITHE SPECIFIC HEAT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.* THATDEGREE C AS IT DOETO CHANGE AN EQUAL MASS OF WATER THE STEEL HEATS FASTER BECAUSIT TAKES LESS TO HEAT IT, BUT IT ALSHAS LESS ENERGY TO GIVE UP AND IPOORER AT STORING ENERGY (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.\ IF YOU WISHED TO STORE HEATENERGY FISE 1 GRAM OWATER 1 CELCIUS, ANY OTHER SUBSTANCWITH A LOWER VALUE (IRON, FOR INSTANCETAKES LESS HEAT FOR A 1 DEGREE CHANGPER GRAM (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.f THE SPECIFIC HEAT OF STEEL I.12. IT TAKES .12 THE AMOUNT OF HEATO CHANGE STEEL 1 E HAVE DEVELOPED A MEASURE OF HOEFFICIENTLY THINGS STORE HEAT. THUNIT IS CALLED SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITOR JUST SPECIFIC HEAT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.p WATER HAS A SPECIFIC HEAT OF 1WE COMPARE ALL ELSE TO WATER. SINCIT TAKES A CALORIE TO RAALCULATION FUNNY YOU SHOULD ASK (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. EVERYTHING IN A HOUSE IS "HEATABLE". THAT IS, IT WILL GAIN HEAENERGY WHEN SUNLIGHT FALLS ON IT OR IITS SURROUNDINGS ARE HOTTER THAN IT IS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. WME> (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. NOT QUITE USE THE SOLUTION-TEMPERATURE CHANGTIMES MASS OF WATER. TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. THIS PROGRAM IS ABOUT HEATINHOMES WITH SOLAR, NOT ABOUT HEATINWATER. WHY ALL THIS WATER C (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.Ԕ IN A TANK CONTAINING 1500 LBOF WATER AT 140F, HOW MUCH HEAT ENERGIS AVAILABLE IF WE USE A HEATER THATAKES IN 140F WATER AND RETURNS IAT 80F 8500 BTU 90000 BTU 850 BTU 900000 BTUӄʔʔʔԔ VERY GOOD BUT THERE IS A BETTER PAIR. TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.v IS A MORE CONVENIENT WAY TODISCUSS THE HEAT ENERGY IT CONTAINSPICK A STANDARD UNIT OF MATTER AND RATE THE HEATING ABILITY OF ANYTHING IN THENVIRONMENT BASED ON HOW FAST THE TEMPERATURE OF THE STANDARD MASS ISRAISED. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) RTIES OF SUNLIGHT C) A SYSTEMS APPROACH D) ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SYSTEMS E) DESIGN SOLUTIONS - SPECIFIC EXAMPLES F) COST-BENEFIT TRADE-OFFS G) HOW TO GET STARTED (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) RATHER THAN COUNT THE MOLECULESTHEREOOK AT THE DESIGN BEAUTY. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) THIS PROGRAM WILL EXPLORE A) THE FIRST STEP - UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM 1. THE NATURE OF ENERG 2. SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR HOME 3. CURRENT HEATING PRACTICES B) PROPEL CLOSURE, PATRIOTIC HANG IN THERE WITH US (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. NOT AT ALL ,BUT IT'S A GOOD OPENER. WE WILL EXPLORE MANY OTHEREASONS, SUCH AS CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES AND NATIONAL ENERGY INDEPEN-DENCE. WE WILL EVEN LAL FOR ANOTHER INTERNATIONAFUEL CRISIS WITH MUCH HIGHER COSTMEAN THAT ANYONE THINKING ABOUSOLAR MAY BE THINKING ABOUT SAVINFUTURE DOLLARS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. CONGRATULATIONS!BUT THERE MAY BE OTHER REASONS...MORAL, INTELLECTUAURN TO CONT.) * 4. PROVIDE FOR A GENEROUS ROOFOVERHANG SO THAT THE WINTER SUN HAFULL HEATING EFFECTS THROUGH THE WINDOWS, BUT THE SUMMER SUN IS BLOCKED (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) A LOT INCREASING COSTS OF FUEL AND THPOTENTID FOR YOUR SHOWER? (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) NOT A BAD CHOICE, BASED ON THE FACTSSO FAR. 0.41 IS HIGHER THAN MOST. BUWE THREW YOU A CURVE BALL: THERE IA BETTER ONE. LET'S CONTINUE TO FIND OUT WHAT IT IS. (PRESS RETPERATURE WITH THERMOMETER (ISN'T SUCH KNOWLEDGE THRILLING?) THERE IS A REASON FOR THIDISTINCTION. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) SUPPOSE 75 LBS. OF SHOWER WATEIS HEATED FROM 60F TO 105F. HOW MANBTUS OF HEAT ENERGY WILL BE NEEDE A MORE SYSTEMATIAND IN-DEPTH APPROACH TOWARD SOLAHEATING (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. TEMPERATURE IS THE AVERAGE RATE OVIBRATION OF MOLECULES. IT INDICATEHOW VIOLENTLY THE MOLECULES ARE BEINGAGITATED BY MOLECULAR MOTION. WE MEASURE TEMHT AND HEATA LIGHT COLOR CAN BE UP TO 45 DEGREECOOLER IN SUMMER, YET WILL RADIATE FALESS PRECIOUS HEAT ENERGY IN THWINTER (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. THESE ARE JUST THE BEGINNING CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING A NEW HOMSITE NOW, LET'S TAKES WELL (PRESS RETURN TO CONT." 3. PLACE MOST OF THE WINDOWS OTHE SOUTH SIDE FOR HEAT GAIN, BUALLOW FOR SOME METHOD OF SHADING FROTHE SUMMER SUN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. 5. COVER THE ROOF WITH A LIGHSURFACE THAT REFLECTS LIGOME SITE OR RETROFIT AEXISTING ONE LET'S FIRST CONSIDER A NEW HOMEHERE ARE SOME PRELIMINARY STEPS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.J IN ADDITION TO SOUTH ORIENTATIOFOR HEATING, THE PROPER PLACEMENT OSHADE TREES WILL HELP KEEP IT COOL ISUMMER A (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.r BUT WHAT ABOUT NOW? WHAT ABOUUSING SOLAR IN HOMES HOW WOULD ONE GO ABOUT DESIGNINAND USING A SYSTEM (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.T TO ANSWER THE PREVIOUS QUESTIONWE NEED A CLARIFICATION. WOULD WPLAN A NEW HA NEW INFLUENCE NEARLWIPED OUT THE INDUSTRY (FOR PRACTICAPURPOSES, IT DID) CHEAP NATURAL GAS AND OIL IN TH'20S FORCED AN ENTIRELY NEW PROCEDURFOR HEATING HOMES. THE MUCH CHEAPEHEATERS AND CHEAP FUEL COMBINED TENTICE EVERYONE TO GO FOSSIL SPECIFIC HEAT (REMEMBER THAT?) WALLS HEATED IN THE DAY RETAINEHEAT AT NIGHT. SIMPLE BUT EFFECTIVE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.| AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURYTHOUSANDS OF HOUSES IN CALIFORNIA ANFLORIDA WERE USING SOLAR HEATERS FOWATER. THEN TILIZE THE LOW ANGLE OF THWINTER SUN WHEN MOST OF THE HEATINWAS NEEDED. IN SUMMER, THE CAVE WASHADED (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. BY USING ADOBE, THEY POSSESSED MATERIAL OF HIGH THERMAL MASS. THERMAMASS IS THE COMBINATION OF ACTUAL MASAND NT.) IN THE MIDDLE EAST REALITY O1973, WE ONCE AGAIN WERE FORCED TO EXPLORE ALTERNATIVES WHICH INCLUDED RE- NEWABLE SUNLIGHT SUDDENLY, SOLAR WAS NEW. FOSSIFUEL HAD BEEN THE NORM, SOLAR THEQUAINT EXCEPTION. NOW WE WERE CLOSTO DESPERATE0 CALORIE 16,000 CALORIE 4,600 CALORIE 23,000 CALORIEӄ SO, EVEN THOUGH WATER STORES LOT MORE PER LB., ROCK WEIGHS A LOMORE PER CUBIC FOOT. THERE IS A TRADE- OFF. THERE MAY ALSO BE ANOTHER ADVANTAGE. (PRESS RETURN TO COOLD WATER AFTER IT GETS INTO YOUSYSTEM (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. NOW SUPPOSE THERE ARE 1,00GRAMS OF WATER IN A TANK IN DIRECSUNLIGHT. IT STARTS AT 21C AND AHOUR LATER IT IS REGISTERING 44C HOW MUCH HEAT ENERGY HAS BEEABSORBED 46,00BUILDING THOROUGHLY. SOLARHEAT GAIN IS GENTLE. WE NEED ALLTHE EFFICIENCY (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) @ IF YOU WERE REALLY THIRSTY, YOMIGHT DRINK A POUND OF WATER AT ONTIME. LET'S SEE HOW MANY BTU'S YOUBODY ADDS TO A 40 DEGREE F GLASS OCIL FUEL. THERE WAS LITTLE REASONTO ADOPT OTHER SOURCES. WE "PIGGED-OUT" ON ENERGY. SEDANS GOT 12 MILES PER GALLON AND NO ONEREALLY CARED. HOUSING INSULATION WAHAPHAZARD. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) h 1. INSULATE AND WEATHERSTRIPTHE IT'S NOT CONCENTRATED LIKE A FLAME 3) SOME COLLECTION SYSTEMS ARE EXPENSIVE TO BUILD (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) ֒ BETWEEN THE EARLY '20S AND THE ARAB OIL CRISIS OF 1973, THE U.S. EN- JOYED AN ERA OF CHEAP, PLENTIFULFOSSHAN A CHOICE. TODAIT'S STILL A CHOICE, BUT ONE IN WHICWHAT WILL HAPPEN IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN WHAT IS HAPPENING. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.)  SOME PROBLEMS WITH SOLAR ENERGYINCLUDE: 1) IT'S NOT ALWAYS AVAILABLE (NIGHT STORMS 2)BE REFERRING BACK TO THESE FROTIME TO TIME. NOW, ABOUT HEATING HOMES WITH SOLAR ENERGY... (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) X SO, THIS "OLD" SOLAR ENERGY MAYBECOME LESS AND LESS AVAILABLE.TURNING TO DAILY SOLAR MAY BE MORE OF A NECESSITY T EACHOTHER...WE ALSO LOSE HEAT TO THESURROUNDINGS. OUR BODY HEATS OURCLOTHES. OUR CLOTHES HEAT OURSURROUNDINGS. ON A COOLER DAY, WE THUS LOSEHEAT ENERGY, AND OUR SKIN GETS COOLER (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) Ɠ YOU BET ! WE'LL E TO BE CONTAINEIN PIPES OR A TANK. SO, A LARGE STORAGE BIN OF ROCCAN GAIN HEAT BY SUNLIGHT OR HEATED AIAND WILL SLOWLY GIVE UP HEAT AT NIGHT. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.)  BY CONDUCTION...THAT IS, DIRECHEAT TRANSFER OF OBJECTS TOUCHINGE SAME SPECIFIC HEAT OVERALL.HOW? 5 TIMES THE WEIGHT FOR THE SAMEVOLUME BUT .2 TIMES THE SPECIFIC HEATGETS US ABOUT THE SAME VALUE AS WATER(5 X .2 = 1). (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.)  ROCK IS QUITE CHEAP. IT IS ALSODRY... IT DOES NOT HAVSE 1.0 (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) R ROCK HAS 4-5 TIMES THE DENSITY OFWATER (SOME ROCKS, AT LEAST). A 1 LB.ROCK TAKES UP ABOUT .2 OF THE SPACETHAT WATER COULD PUT ANOTHER WAY, EQUAL VOLUMES OFWATER AND ROCK MAY, IN FACT, POSSESABOUT TH WATER IOUR STANDARD FOR HEATING (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.)z HERE ARE SOME COMMON SPECIFICHEAT VALUES: GLASS 0.16 ROCK 0.20 WOOD 0.42 ALUMINUM 0.21 LEAD 0.03 (WATER, OF COURNAME>!BY NOW YOU SHOULD HAVE THE IDEA OMEASURING HEAT ENERGY DOWN COLD (SORRY). (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) BUT...NOT EVERYTHING HEATS UP THESAME WAY OR STORES ENERGY THE SAME WAYIT TURNS OUT THAT WATER STORES HEATENERGY EXCEPTIONALLY WELL. EGREE FARENHEIT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SORRY .TRY THE CALCULATION AGAIN. DO IT THISWAY: A) WHAT IS THE CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE? B) HOW MANY LBS. OF WATER C) MULTIPLY CHANGE X LBS. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.)Ԕ YES F60 >F61 =F59.5 e=F59 PERHAPS AIR IS TOO, BUT THAT'S NOT OUPOINT. PLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.Ԕ THIS SOLAR FLUX (THE PROPER NAMFOR ALL SUN FREQUENCIES) IS OUR BASIRESOURCE. ITS MAIN PROBLSE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. YES EMR...RIGHT! AND IT CONSISTS OF LIGHTNEAR INFRA-RED, AND FAR INFRA-RED (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.Ԕ SORRY IT CAN GO BOTH WAYS THROUGH THE GLASSO IT ISN'T TRAPPED. PLEASE TRY CORRECT IT'S THAT INPUT THAT'S USUALLY WASTED...THE KEY TO A NEW KIND OF HEATING (THAISN'T NEW) WE NEED TO COLLECT AND DIRECT THI300 (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. INCORRECT IT'S THE ACRONYM FOR ELECTROMAGNETIRADIATION. PLEA ITHIS PROGRAM (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SORRY HIGHER - WE GET MUCH MORE THAN THATPLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. INCORRECT 12,000 WOULD BE A BARBECUE. PLEASTRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. AS LONG AS THSUN SHINES (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.. SO, A GREENHOUSE REMAINS HEATEINSIDE, BECAUSE IT REPRESENTS SPECIAL HEAT TRAP ALLOWING ENERGY TGO ONLY IN ONE DIRECTION THIS CONCEPT WILL BE AN ESSENTIAFEATURE IN SOLAR ENERGY PLANNINGTURN TO CONT.8 GLASS, HOWEVER, TRANSMITS ONLVISUAL LIGHT AND NEAR INFRA-RED. THFAR INFRA-RED IS BOUNCED BACK AND REABSORBED. SO, THERE IS A NET HEAGAIN; A CONCENTRATION OF HEAT ENERGY THAT'S WHY A GREENHOUSE IS WAREVEN IN COLD WEATHER...H). THIS RADIATION IS NEAR AND FAINFRA-RED RADIATION (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.` THE OBJECTS INSIDE...PLANTS, POTSSOIL, THE FLOOR...ALL WARM UP AND BECOME RADIATORS OF FAR INFRA-RED THEMSELVES. THE ENTIRE AREA WARMS UP (PRESS REBECOMES. IT'RADIATING EMR OF MANY FREQUENCIESINCLUDING VISIBLE LIGHT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.j IF THE NAIL IS REMOVED FROM A FLAME BEFORE IT IS RED HOT, IT STILRADIATES HEAT THAT CAN BE FELT ON YOURSKIN AS IT GETS CLOSE (BUT DOES NOTTOUCTETHE MASS, THE MORE ENERGY IT RADIATEAND, ALSO, THE FASTER IT COOLS WHEN THHEAT SOURCE IS REMOVED (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.t FOR INSTANCE, A NAIL HEATED IA FLAME STARTS WITH NO COLOR. THHOTTER IT GETS, THE BRIGHTER ANLIGHTER (WHITER) IT ADIATION THAT THE EARTRECEIVES IN FACT, SUNLIGHT HAS THREE MAJOGROUPINGS OF EMR PRESS (A) TO SEE ILLUSTRATIO PRESS (B) TO GO O΂ BUT, RECALL THE NATURE OF A HEATEOBJECT. AS IT HEATS UP, IT BECOMES SOURCE OF RADIATED ENERGY. THE HOTE IN THE 1 CM RANGE, WHILRADIO IS 10 TO 1000 METERS LONG THE HEAT YOU FEEL FROM YOUR FIREPLACE IS A TINY FRACTION OF CENTIMETER (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM OF EMR, THLIGHT WE SEE WITH OUR EYES, IS ONLY PART OF THE RILLUSTRATIO PRESS (B) TO GO O΂Εĕؕ EMR ACTS PARTLY AS IF IT TRAVELIN WAVES. THE LONGEST WAVES ARE THOSOF AM STANDARD BROADCAST RADIO. FMTELEVISION AND RADAR ARE SHORTER (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. MICROWAVES ARE SHORTER YETSOMEWHERULE OF THUMB IS THAT WCAN EXPECT AN AVERAGE OF AT LEAST 30BTUS PER SQUARE FOOT PER HOUR ON SUNNY DAY BTUS OF WHAT? EMR (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.ؕ EMR IS AN ACRONYM FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. FOR A SUMMARY OEMR PRESS (A) TO SEE vRi THE NATURE OF SUNLIGHT IS AIMPORTANT CONSIDERATION (OBVIOUSLY) IDOING ANY SOLAR PLANNING IN TEMPERATURE LATITUDES, THEARTH RECEIVES ABOUT 1/2 MILLION BTUPER YEAR PER SQUARE FOOT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. A ROUGH R                     !!! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!""" " " " " """""""""               IGN HAS A VALUE OF R-19 (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. FOUR INCHES OF LOOSE BLOWN ROCWOOL HAS AN R-VALUE OF 11 WHILE A FUL12 INCH COVERING IN AN ATTIC HAS GENEROUS R-33 RATING (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. ESPECIALLY IN A NEW HOUSE, THVERRESISTING THE CONDUCTION OHEAT ENERGY...THE BETTER IT INSULATES (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.Ɠ R-VALUES DIFFER WITH VARIOUMATERIALS. FOR EXAMPLE, A SIX INCGLASS FIBER BATT FOR A WALL OR ATTIHAS A VALUE OF R-19, WHILE A THREE INCOF THE SAME DESTRANSFERENCE OFHEAT ENERGY BY DIRECT CONTACT BETWEEMATERIALS. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.)Г INSULATION IS SOLD WITH A GIVER-VALUE RATING. R-VALUES MEASURE MATERIAL'S RESISTANCE TO CONDUCTION THE HIGHER THE R-VALUE, THE BETTEIT IS AT OTHER INSTALLATIONS MAY VARDEPENDING ON EXPOSURE, COLD AND OTHECONDITIONS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.ړ INSULATION IS THE GENERAL TERMFOR MATERIALS THAT REDUCE THE CONDUCTION OF HEAT ENERGY THROUGH WALLS ANCEILINGS. CONDUCTION IS THE LOCOST COVERINGS AS PLASTIC SHEETING CABE USED FOR SHORT PERIODS. THE POINIS TO GET WIND FLOW DOWN, EVEN IF THERCONTINUES TO BE RADIATION OUTWARD (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SUCH STORM WINDOWS SHOULD BINSTALLED ON THE WINDWARD SIDE FOSURE.S REPRESENT A GOOD PAYBACK BECAUSE THE ENERGY SAVINGS ARE VERY HIGHWINDOWS CAN BE A PROBLEM AND SHOULD BCAREFULLY CONSIDERED AS AVENUES OHEAT LOSS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. IF STORM WINDOWS ARE TOO EXPENSIVOR SIMPLY DO NOT LOOK GOOD, SUCH TO CONT. ONE WAY TO CUT LOSS IS TO INSTALSTORM SHUTTERS OR STORM DOORS. THESINSTALL EASILY AND IF MANUFACTURED ANINSTALLED PROPERLY, ARE CHEAP ANRATHER GOOD LOOKING (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. EVEN AT $3 PER SQUARE FOOT, STORWINDOWAT LOSS, YET MAKE UONLY 20% OR SO OF THE TOTAL EXTERIOOF A HOUSE ONE REASON FOR THE GREATER LOSIS THAT RADIATION PASSES BACK OUTHROUGH THE WINDOWS AND GLASSESPECIALLY SINGLE PANED GLASS ANCONDUCTS LOTS OF HEAT TO THE OUTSIDE (PRESS RETURNEXTERIOR DOORS CAN ALSO BE USED ONATTIC DOORS OR OTHER OPENINGS TO FURTHER REDUCE THE CHIMNEY EFFECT. PAY-BACKS HERE ARE ALSO IN THE ORDER OONE TO TWO YEARS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) WINDOWS AND DOORS CAN ACCOUNT FOOVER 50% OF THE HE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.> IF HOLES OR SPACES ARE LARGER THA1/4 INCH, OAKUM FILLER, AN OIL IMPREGNATED ROPE, SHOULD BE USED IN THOPENINGS BEFORE THE CAULKING COMPOUNIS USED (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. WEATHER-STRIPPING THAT IS USED OYEAR. AFTETHAT, YOU'RE HOME FREE...MAKING MONEY (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.H CUTTING INFILTRATION AROUNDOORS IS THE SAME AS DOING IT AROUNWINDOWS. AMONG SEVERAL DEVICES ARE 1) ADHESIVE BACKED FEL 2) FOAM STRIP 3) THIN SPRING META G INCLUDE THFOLLOWING 1) ADHESIVE BACKED FEL 2) ROLLED VINY 3) THIN SPRING META (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.R A NEAT THING ABOUT WEATHERSTRIPPING IS THAT ITS PAYBACK PERIO(TIME AND ENERGY SAVINGS COMPARED TINITIAL COST) IS ABOUT A MOKE SOURCE), CHECK THE AIR FLOWAROUND WINDOWS AND DOORS, BOTH BEFORAND AFTER ANY INSTALLATIONS TO INSURAIR CONTROL A WINDY DAY WOULD HAVE AIINFILTRATION AT A MAXIMUM (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.\ SOME STANDARD VARIETIES OWEATHER-STRIPPINBOX (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.p ONE WAY IS TO CHECK THE SEALAROUND ALL WINDOWS. WEATHER-STRIPPINCOMES IN A VARIETY OF FORMATS. YOULOCAL SUPPLIERS CAN HELP YOU MAKSELECTIONS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.f WITH A BURNING STRING (FOR SMORE THAN A BIGGER HEATESOURCE THE PROBLEM OF AIR LEAKS IS VITATO SOLVE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.z INFILTRATION MEANS COLD AIBLOWING IN. WHEN THAT HAPPENS, IT ALSMEANS THAT WARM AIR IS GOING OUT HOW CAN WE MAKE A HOME A BETTEAIR ING OBUILDING A NEW ONE THAT USES SOLATECHNOLOGIES PRESS (A) IF INTERESTED ONLY I NEW HOUSE PRESS (B) IF INTERESTED IN RETRO FITTING EXISTING HOMEӂ MUCH LIKE TRYING TO KEEP A LEAKBUCKET FULL, A HOUSE LEAKING ENERGY REQUIRES MUCH D THAT'S A LARGE ATTRACTION FOSOLAR - "NO MOVING PARTS". NOTHINEXCEPT THE MOVEMENT OF HEATED AIR (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.J IN PASSIVE DESIGNS, THERE ARE NUMBER OF VARIATIONS. THE ONE JUSSHOWN USES SUNLIGHT DIRECTLY INSIDETHERE ARE OTHERHAT DOES TRAVEL THROUGH GLASS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.h REMEMBER THE GREENHOUSE...WHAT IS REFLECTED BACK FROM THE GLASS CEILINGPLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.h RIGHT JUST LIKE THE GREENHOUSE. IT'S SIMPLAN SUCH INTERIOR MASSES AS THFLOOR, WALLS OR SPECIAL COLLECTORS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SORRY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IS THE ITEAND IS VISIBLE AS WELL AS INVISIBLEPLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. RIGHT TING SUNLIGHT WITHOUT EXTRA ENERGFOR DISTRIBUTION AND STORAGE OF HEAENERGY (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. LET'S EXAMINE A SIMPLE PASSIVSYSTEM PRESS (A) TO SEE ILLUSTRATIO PRESS (B) TO GO O΂ SUNLIGHT ENTERS A LARGE WINDOW ANFALLS ONER SOMRATHER MAJOR DESIGN CHANGES TO BETTEUTILIZE SUNLIGHT. THERE ARE FOCUPOINTS FOR THESE CHANGES-ACTIVE ANDPASSIVE SOLAR COLLECTION (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. PASSIVE DESIGN, SOMETIMES REFERRETO AS DIRECT GAIN, MEANS COLLECTING ANUTILIZAPOR CONTEN KEEPS OUTSIDE VAPOR FROM EN TERING HOUSE AI҄֒̒֒֒ GREAT WATER DESTROYS THE INSULATING VALUE OAIR IN THE BATTS OR WOOL OKAY, WE'VE GOT A SNUG HOUSENOW WHAT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.’ WE'RE READY TO CONSIDTION. PLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. CORRECT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. NOW, WHAT'S THE MAIN PURPOSE OA VAPOR BARRIER PREVENTS CEILING CONDENSATIO PREVENTS INSULATION FROM LOSIN R-VALU RETAINS NATURAL VC VENTILLATOR WEATHER-STRIP ATTIC DOORS AN CEILING HOLE FILL ATTIC WITH R-33 INSULATIO΄ YES (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SORRY THAT MIGHT HELP ONE KIND OF PROBLEM BUNOT THE ONE WE'RE DEALING WITH ...HEACONDUC (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.X OK ! (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.& YOU GOT IT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. NOW, WHAT ABOUT THE CHIMNEY EFFECOF THE ATTIC? HOW BEST TO CONTROTHAT INSTALL AN ATTIC FA SEAL ALL ATTIIS A HOME WITH REFLECTING SURFACE AT LEAST ONE GLASS WAL A SOUTH FACING ORIENTATIO WELL SEALED DOORӄNNNDX SORRY WE'RE NOT THAT FAR YET IN EXPLORINSOLAR DESIGN. WHAT'S FIRST...TINSURE KEEPING IN THE HEAT? PLEASTRY AGAINE PATH OSUNLIGHT. FOR EXAMPLE, LARGE WATEJUGS, A BRICK OR CEMENT WALL OR TILFLOORS ALL ABSORB AND RETAIN HEAENERGY WELL (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.X LET'S REVIEW AN IMPORTANT INITIAL CONCEPT OUSING ANY SOLAR FLUX (SUNLIGHT) EFFICIENTLY NT.) v OPEN DRAPES TO SUNLIGHT RADIATIOFOR MAXIMUM HEAT GAIN DURING THE DAY CLOSE DRAPES AT NIGHT TO CUT LOSTHROUGH CONDUCTION AND SOME RADIATION (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.b IF AVAILABLE, USE OBJECTS WITLOTS OF MASS DIRECTLY IN THICH FILTHESE REQUIREMENTS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. EVEN POLYETHYLENE SHEETS CAN BUSED TO GOOD ADVANTAGE AS A SUBSTITUTTO SPECIFIC BACKINGS OR COMBINED BATTS IN ANY CASE, VAPOR IS AN IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION. (PRESS RETURN TO COE WARPART OF THE STRUCTURE...TOWARD THE ROORATHER THAN THE OUTSIDE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. ANOTHER WAY TO CONTROL VAPOIS TO USE LOW-PERM PAINTS WITH THE ADVICE OF LOCAL CONTRACTORS OR BUILDING DEPARTMENTSBRANDS CAN BE RECOMMENDED WH INSULATION IS TINSTALL A VAPOR BARRIER ON THE WARSIDE OF THE INSULATION (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. A BATT OR SPECIAL INSULATION WITVAPOR BARRIER IS OFTEN CALLED FACINSULATION THE FACE WITH THE VAPOR BARRIESHOULD BE INSTALLED TOWARD THY TINY INCREASE IN COST OF USINR-33 PAYS DIVIDENDS EACH YEAR IN FUESAVED OR IN SOLAR HEAT RETAINED THERE IS SIMPLY NO QUESTION...WHEIN DOUBT, GO HIGHER R-VALUE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. ONE METHOD USED TO COMBAT VAPOAND CONDENSATION INN TO CONT. INSIDE A HOME, DRAPERIES CAMODULATE HEAT EXCHANGE. THE GLASS IWINDOWS IS A POOR INSULATOR, THEREFORA GOOD CONDUCTOR THE WINDOWS ARE CRITICAL HEAPATHWAYS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.l WELL THAT MIGHT WORK, BUT THE CONT.* THE CHIMNEY EFFECT HAPPENS WHEWARM AIR ESCAPES THROUGH THE HOLES ANCRACKS AND IS REPLACED BY COLDER OUTSIDE AIR A NUMBER OF VERY SMALL HOLES CAADD UP TO MUCH HEAT LOSS. OFTEN THOWNER IS NOT AWARE OF THESE HOLES (PRESS RETURCONT.4 CAULKING CAN BE USED TO REDUCINFILTRATION THROUGH CRACKS OR JOINTIN WALLS, CEILING, JOINTS AND JOISTSOR OTHER AREAS. THERE ARE A NUMBER ODIFFERENT KINDS, DEPENDING ON YOUAREA, SEVERITY OF WINTER AND BUILDINCODES (PRESS RETURN TOONT. WEATHER-STRIPPING DOORS USUALLHAS A PAYBACK PERIOD OF ONE TO TWYEARS WE'RE STRESSING THESE PAYBACKBECAUSE IT REPRESENTS A SIGNIFICANT YECHEAP WAY TO SAVE ENERGY AS WELL AUTILIZE SOLAR HEATING MORE EFFECTIVELY (PRESS RETURN TO THAN GETTING HEAT FROM HEATER. SOLAR IS DIFFUSE AND LOWER ITEMPERATURE...YOU CAN'T BLAST HEAINTO A COLD ROOM AS YOU CAN WITH CONVENTIONAL HEATING A SYSTEMS APPROACH IS NEEDED IWHICH INPUT AND OUTPUT ARE BOTH CONSIDERED (PRESS RETURN TO C NEAR INFRA-RE FAR INFRA-RE AI҄ʔʔԔ THAT WAS A LITTLE SNEAKY, BUIT DOESN'T MATTER WHICH YOU WISH TPURSUE. THERE IS AN IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION FIRST TO DISCUSS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. USING SOLAR ENERGY IS RATHEDIFFERENT E HEATING EFFECT, BECAUSTHE OBJECTS INSIDE ARE SUBJECTED TA ONE-WAY FLOW...A GAIN IN HEAT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. IN A GREENHOUSE, ALL THESE PASTHROUGH GLASS, BUT THE ---?--- ITRAPPED BY THE GLASS AND RETURNED TTHE PLANTS AND SOIL LIGHCONT.B LET'S REVIEW A MOMENT. AT TEMPERATE LATITUDES, HOW MANY BTUS PERHOUR ARE RECEIVED ON EACH SQUARE FOOT 1 7 30 12,00 YOU BET THE FAR INFRA-RED CAN'T GET THROUGGLASS. IT'S REFLECTED BACK AND CONTRIBUTES TO THDED TO THE MOLECULES (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.~ INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION, COMPOSEOF VISIBLE LIGHT, NEAR INFRA-RED ANSOME FAR INFRA-RED, REACHES THE GLASROOF OF A GREENHOUSE AND PASSES THROUGTO WARM THE OBJECT BENEATH (PRESS RETURN TO DIFFERENT - AS YOU WILL SEE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. WHEN SUNLIGHT STRIKES ANY MASS..A FLOOR, A WALL OR A HUMAN...MUCH OTHE VISIBLE LIGHT, ALONG WITH THINFRA-RED, IS TRANSLATED INTO HEATINTHAT OBJECT. CALORIES OR BTUS OF HEAENERGY ARE ADING CONVERTED TO HEAT AS ISTRIKES OBJECTS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. THERE IS A VISUAL GROUP OF EMFREQUENCIES. WE SEE THESE AS LIGHTTHERE IS NEAR INFRA-RED OR "HEAT-RAYS"THERE ARE ALSO FAR INFRA-RED..."HEATRAYS" TOO, BUT THESE ACT A LITTLES TO US IS CONVERTED DIRECTLY TO HEAT, BUT IT SHOWTHE POTENTIAL (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. THE HEAT WE FEEL FROM SUNLIGHIS PARTLY DUE TO BEING DIRECTLY HEATEBY INFRA-RED EMR (SHORTER THAN MICROWAVES) AND PARTLY DUE TO LIGHT (SHORTEYET) BEHAS BEEN HEATED WITHOUFANS TO MOVE THE AIR. THIS KIND OHEAT TRANSFER IS CALLED CONVECTION (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. THAT'S THE EQUIVALENT OF A BARREOF OIL FOR EACH SQUARE METER IN YEAR'S HEATING. OF COURSE, NOT ALL THSUNLIGHT THAT RADIATDS,BECOMES LIGHTER AND RISES. AS IT RISES,IT IS REPLACED WITH COOLER AIR. THCOOLER CONTACTS THE HEATER (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. THIS PROCESS CONTINUES AND CREATEAIR CURRENTS OF HEATED AIR THAEVENTUALLY COVER THE ENTIRE ROOM THE ROOM . SECONDLY, THE LARGE WALL RADIATEINFRA-RED IN ALL DIRECTIONS. IT RADIATES HEAT INTO THE ROOM ANMAKES THE OCCUPANTS FEEL COMFORTABLE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SUPPOSE A HEATER HEATS AIR IN ONCORNER OF THE ROOM. HEATED AIR EXPAN WAYS OF USING SUNLIGHT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.@ FIRST, NEAR INFRA-RED AND VISIBLLIGHT PASSES THROUGH THE GLASS, STRIKETHE WALL, HEATS THE WALL, AND THE LONWAVE INFRA-RED IS TRAPPED BY THE GLASIN A ONE-WAY FLOW (PRESS RETURN TO CONTCONT."CAN HEAT A ROOOR EVEN MOST OF A HOUSE WITHOUT ANMOVING PARTS OR EXTRA OPERATING HEAENERGY...JUST THE INPUT OF SUNLIGHT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.PRESS (B) TO GO O΂΂VL`ANDRETAINED NEAR THE EARTH. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.$ TO (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.(PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SO, A TROMBE WALL CAN HEAT A ROOOR EVEN MOST OF A HOUSE WITHOUT ANMOVING PARTS OR EXTRA OPERATING HEAENERGY...JUST THE INPUT OF SUNLIGHT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SO, A TROMBE WALL OR EXTRA OPERATING HEAENERGY...JUST THE INPUT OF SUNLIGHT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.RN TO CONT. SO, A TROMBE WALL CAN HEAT A ROOOR EVEN MOST OF A HOUSE WITHOUT ANMOVING PARTS OR EXTRA OPERATING HEAENERGY...JUST THE INPUT OF SUNLIGHT OMBE WALL CAN HEAT A ROOOR EVEN MOST OF A HOUSE WITHOUT ANMOVING PARTS OR EXTRA OPERATING HEAENERGY...JUST THE INPUT OF SUNLIGHT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.. SO, A TROMBE WALL CAN HEAT A ROOOR EVEN MOST OF A HOUSE WITHOUT ANMOVING PARTS INPUT OF SUNLIGHT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.ɠԠŠׯӮŮ /iBE WALL CAN HEAT A ROOOR EVEN MOST OF A HOUSE WITHOUT ANMOVING PARTS OR EXTRA OPERATING HEAENERGY...JUST THE INPUT OF SUNLIGHT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.O, A TRL FINALLY AIR IN THE ROOM IS WARMEBY CONVECTION. LET'S DISCUSS CONVECTION FOR A MOMENT (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. SO, A TROMBE WALL CAN HEAT A ROOOR EVEN MOST OF A HOUSE WITHOUT ANMOVING PARTS OR EXTRA OPERATING HEAENERGY...JUST THER COMES IN, BUT THE FAINFRA-RED HEAT RAYS ARE BOUNCED BACK ANDRETAINED NEAR THE EARTH. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.$ THESE WAVELENGTHS ARE SIGNIFICANIN SOLAR HEATING BECAUSE THEY HELDETERMINE THE "GREENHOUSE EFFECT" (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.NCTIONSOLELY AS A HEAT COLLECTOR AND NOT ADECORATION OR FOR VISION. AT LEASTHREE THINGS ARE HAPPENING HERE (PRESS RETURN TO CONT." IN FACT, THE WHOLE EARTH IS GREENHOUSE. THE ATMOSPHERE ACTS MUCH LIKE GLASS IN A GREENHOUSE ALL EMWN HEACONDUCTION THROUGH WALLS AND CEILINGS USE ALUMINUM FOI INSTALL VINYL PLASTIC SHEET PAINT SILVE INSTALL HIGHER R-VALUE INSULATIO΄ JUST INSIDE THE WINDOW, A LARGHIGH MASS WALL WITH A BLACK SURFACE ISCONSTRUCTED. THE WINDOW FUNSULATING, IT IS CRITICATO MAKE SURE THE INSULATION STAYDRY. WET INSULATION LOSES ITS RVALUE, BECAUSE WATER REPLACES THE AISPACES AND WILL TRANSMIT HEAT IN EITHER DIRECTION MUCH FASTER. (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.) NOW, HOW WOULD YOU SLOW DOUT SPREADINSUNLIGHT INSIDE PRESS (A) TO SEE ILLUSTRATIO PRESS (B) TO GO O΂6,@ IN THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT, THE300+BTUS PER SQUARE FOOT PER HOUR COMTHROUGH A GLASS ROOF AS MANY DIFFERENFREQUENCIES OF: FH UH VH EM҄ޔ WHEN ILONG WAVE INFRA-RE EMR-LIGHT AND NEAR INFRA-RE VHƄ||r| NOW, WHAT KIND OF RADIATION CAN'GET BACK OUT UH EMR-LONG WAVE INFRA-RE EMR-VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRA-RE VHƄ^T^^h A DESIGN CALLED A TROMBE (MASSWALL CAN BE EMPLOYED WITHOE SIMPLEST TO UTILIZIN NEW HOUSING AND IS FREQUENTLY THSOLUTION OF CHOICE OF ARCHITECTS ANDESIGNERS PASSIVE DESIGNS INVOLVE A NUMBEOF OUR PREVIOUSLY DISCUSSED CONCEPTS (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. WHAT KIND OF RADIATION ENTERS UH EMR-:& INCORRECT PLEASE TRY THE QUESTION AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. WELL THOUGH INTERESTING, THERE IS A MORDIRECT AND IMPORTANT NEED FOR A VAPOBARRIER. PLEASE TRY AGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT. PASSIVE IS THRE IS A MORDIRECT, SIMPLE PROCEDURE. PLEASE TRAGAIN (PRESS RETURN TO CONT.& NOW, WHAT ABOUT WINDOW FRAMEAND DOOR FRAMES? WHAT'S BEST TO DWITH THEM PACK WITH COTTO ADD REFLECTOR ADD WEATHER-STRIPPIN PAINT WITH SILVER PAINԄ::0