MPACKC00ŗ+%main%book&dscvr'explr(mstr’ž’ž’ž’ž’ž` ĄŹŌŽšś *4FPZdnx‚Œ– Ŗ“¾ČŅÜęš (2<FPZdnx‚Œ– Ŗ¼ĘŠŚäīų (2<FPZdv€Š”žØ²¼ĘŠŚäīų(2<FPZdn€Š”ž°ŗųĄ`````fffŠ3€33€3>`<|fl0fF‰68of;00`0```0`00`Š3€3~00`~`` 0`@ 8````0000`‰00~~‰``nf>ff~fff~~f<flxxlf`````~‰cwkccfv~~nff>``|ff|<```<>ff>>ff>|``|fff0p00x x``lxlfp0000x‰fkc|ffffff>|f```>`<|~ffff>fff<‰ck>6f< x~ 0~‰30|0~```````×$dd$÷÷€ć€ėĄŻĄ>Ą öśūū ūūū€ū€õ€‰10# F˜ź<Žą2j¢ŚJ‚ŗFFFFFFFņ4vøś<~œŗŲö2Pž’’’ü’’’ą’’ž’’š’’Ą’’’ż’ü’ü’š’ą’Ą?’ü’€’€’’’ü’’ü’’’ž’’’ü’’ü?’ü’ü’üü’’ßüüüüü’’ųüüü’’ü’’üüüüž’ü’ü’€’€’Ą?’ü?’ü’š’š’ü’ü’ü’ü’ž’üüüü’’ų’’ųž’’ų’’ąüüü’’ü’’žüü’’ą’’Ą’’Ąüü’’ą’’ą’’ą’’ąüüž’’ųüüüü|’’’ą’’’üžü’š’ą’ą’ą’Ą?’ü’Ą’ĄĄ?ĄĄĄĄĄĄ@’’’üÕ€ĄĄĄĄ?ą?ą=Żą=ŻąyÜšxųšxųšxųššpxšpxš xš xšxÕ’’’’’’ąąąą’€’€’€ąąąąą’’’’’’Õ’ą’ų’žąą€ą€ąĄąĄąĄąĄąĄąĄą€ą€ą’ž’ų’ąÕššššššššššššššššššÕ`šųųœœ€€?’Ą?’Ą’ąpąąpąpÕ’š’ü’žąą€ą€ą’ž’ü’žąą€ą€ą€ą€’’’ž’ųÕ?€’€’€€€ų’?€ĄĄĄĄĄ’Ą’€žÕžžž?xpąąąąąąpx?žžžž’’ü’’ü?’’ü’’ü’’’ü’’’ü’€’’’’’’’ž’’’’’’’’€’’’ü’’’ü’’ü?’’ü’’ü’’üž’’’’’’Ą’’’š’’’ų’’’ü’’’ü’€?ü’€ü’€ü’€?ü’€ų’’’š’’’Ą’’ųž’’’Ą’’’š’’’ų’€?ü’€ü’€ü’€ü’€ü’’’ü’’’ų’’’š’’’ą’’’€’’üž’’ü’’ü?’’ü’’ü’’’ü’’’ü’€’’’€’’’€’’’š’’ü’’üž?’’ü’’ü’’ü’’üüüüü’’’ü’’’ų’’’ų’’’š’’’ą’’’€š’šąąą’ąšppppp’š’ąą’šššąpąpąpąpąpąpąpąpšš’šą’€’€ąąą’€’€ąąąąąąą?ų?ų€€€€€€€€€€€€ą8ą8ą8ą8ą8ā8ā8ē8ē8g0wp}šxš0`€€9Ą9Ą9Ąpąpąą’šąpąpąp’Ą’ąąšąpąpąš’ą’ĄįĄąąąąąąąąąp?ą?ą888?ą?ą88888?ą?ą Ą\Ą\ Ą#3p 4 ŠYAB!8(2fG ą[ A:DB~2f ¢²ąį –ąį!–8ąį"Æąį#Æ8ąį$Čąį%Č8ąį&›`ąį'›xąį(›Œąį)›˜ąį)“Œąį*›Øąį*“pąį+“`ąį,“€ąį,“Øąį-“œ¤4€ĄŚ¤FĄŚ¤5TĄŚ¤FŌĄŚąį5*ąąį6>ąąį7+ąį8?ąį9+0ąį:?0ąį;Wąąį<Wšąį=Xąį>Xąį?Xąį@X(ąįAX8ąįBXD¤£¢x€and¤£”ęStand by€²¤£THE NOVEL APPROACH£. . . computer games inspired by2the classics of modern literature . . .P`presents£”n8A TALE OF‚0TWO CITIESŖh£”byČCharles Dickens£”ęStand by€²¤£Help is available.£<Do you need operating instructions?d8A. Yesx8B. No £Press ”ESC” to return to the MainŖMenu ”at any point” during the game.”ČxSelect Item€²¤£You can play the game as a(A. DISCOVERERFB. EXPLORERdC. MASTER£(p- if you have not read2p the bookFp- if you know somethingPp about the bookdp- if you have readnp the bookŒ£or you can use the“D. BOOK SCANNER£“x- to learn about the¾x book£”ÜxEnter your choice.€ Ą[ A:F2f Ņ[ 4A:B2fŅZ“@Zō@ZtĀZ4āZ“@Zō@Zō@ZtĀZ4ĀZ“@Zō@Zō@Zō@Zō@ZtĀZ“@Zō@Zō@Z ō@Z!t ĄZ"“@Z#ō@Z$t²¤ HELP Section(What Would You Like To Know?<A. What is in The Novel Approach?FB. How do I get started?PC. How do I play as a Discoverer?ZD. How do I play as an Explorer?dE. How do I play as a Master?nF. How do I use the Book Scanner?ŒPress ”ESC” to return to the Main–Menu ”at any point” in the instructions.€²¤(WHAT IS IN THE NOVEL APPROACH?<A. three different gamesFB. the Book Scanner€²¤THREE DIFFERENT GAMESDISCOVERER Game(You ”do not have to know” the story2to play this game.FThere are no right or wrong answers.PEach response leads you in a newZdirection so you can play many times.nYou'll discover a lot about yourselfxand the adventures waiting for you in‚the book.€²¤EXPLORER Game(Choose this game if you have read the2book . . .F or are reading the book . . .Z or have used the Book Scanner.nYou earn points for every rightxanswer. If you play against the‚clock, you earn higher scores.€²¤MASTER Game(Play this game if you have read the2book . . .F and know it WELL . . .Z and/or know the Book ScannerdWELL.xRight answers in this game earn‚higher scores. Play against the clockŒfor a maximum score.€²¤THE BOOK SCANNER(The Book Scanner is a great source2of information about the book.FIt contains background material asPwell as specific answers to EXPLORERZand MASTER game questions.€²¤HOW DO I PLAY AS A DISCOVERER?(Discover your own thoughts and2feelings as you join the characters<and play a part in the FrenchFRevolution.ZThere are no right or wrongdanswers.xEach choice you make will lead‚you down a different path ofŒquestions and options. As you play this game, you learnŖabout the story.€²¤HOW DO I GET STARTED?(After you have booted the disk,2follow the instructions on the<screen.PYour playing options will beZdisplayed at the bottom of everydscreen.€²¤”Playing Options”(1. £”?£”(HAt any point in the game,2Hyou can press this key for(H(Menu) returns you to the2Hprevious Menu.F5. ESCFH(Escape) returns to the MainPHMenu. You can use this key”ZHat any point” while playingdHthe games or using the BooknHScanner.‚6. DEL‚H(Delete) allows you toŒHchange your answer before–Hpressing the RETURN key.€²¤(Most of the time the screens advance2automatically in all three fast-paced<games.€²¤HOW DO I PLAY AS AN EXPLORER?(Play this game if you know the2book or have reviewed the Book<Scanner.PEach game consists of fiveZquestions.nYou can choose questions fromxone of three categories:Œ Characters– Action and Setting  Ideas€²¤Playing Options(You can play . . .< aloneP against an opponentd against the clock - forn the highest score‚If you play against the clock,Œyou will have four minutes to–complete the five question game.ŖAnswer each question as quickly as“you can. The shortest time earns¾the highest score.€²¤Each right answer is worth ( 100 points - untimed< 200 points maximum - timedxH”UNTIMEDx TIMED”ŒEXPLORERŒH100/ques.Œ 200 max/ques. LEVEL H500 max.  1000 max.€²¤Keeping Track of Your Score(Your score is automatically2recorded.FAfter you answer each question, aPrunning total is posted at the topZof the screen.nYou will always know how well you'rexdoing!€²¤High scorers will see anexciting scene from the book.€²¤What Are The Trouble Spots?(In the EXPLORER and MASTER Games your2errors are identified as Trouble<Spots and stored in memory while youFplay.ZImmediate help is available!nYou can use the Book Scanner toxcorrect your Trouble Spots. If you‚select the Trouble Spotter option,Œthe correct answers will be right–there ”automatically” for your review.€²¤HOW DO I PLAY AS A MASTER?(Play this game when you are ready2for the most challenging exploration<of the book and its themes.PEach game consists of 10 questionsZrandomly drawn from the Masterdfile.€²¤Playing Options(You can play . . .< aloneP against an opponentd against the clock - forn the maximum score‚If you play against the clock,Œyou have 20-75 seconds to answer–a question. (More time is  allotted for longer questions.)€²¤You earn points for right answersand lose points for wrong answers.2Each right answer is worth F 500 points - untimed modeZ 1,000 points maximum - timed modex@”UNTIMEDx TIMED”ŒMASTERŒ@500/ques.Œ 1,000 max/ques. LEVEL @5,000 max.  10,000 max.€²¤(High scorers will see an exciting2scene from the conclusion of the<story.€²¤What Are The Trouble Spots?(In the EXPLORER and MASTER Games your2errors are identified as Trouble<Spots and stored in memory while youFplay.ZImmediate help is available!nYou can use the Book Scanner toxcorrect your Trouble Spots. If you‚select the Trouble Spotter option,Œthe correct answers will be right–there ”automatically” for your review.€²¤HOW DO I USE THE BOOK SCANNER?(The Book Scanner is a complete file2of information about ”A Tale of<Two Cities ”. You can use theFBook Scanner in two ways: choosePthe ”Trouble Spotter” or ”Browser”Zoption.€²¤TROUBLE SPOTTER(The Trouble Spotter calls up2information on your Trouble<Spots - AUTOMATICALLY.PThe Book Scanner providesZspecific information - anddthe answers you need.xTo use the Trouble Spotter:Œ 1. Œ8do ”not” turn off your computer– 2. –8choose the Trouble Spotter 8option€²¤BROWSER(The Browser allows you to2access any information on the<Book Scanner.PThe Browser does not have to beZused immediately after playingdthe games. It is always available.xUse the Book Scanner Menu to‚select items of interest to youŒand "browse" at your own pace.€²£SWITCHING DISKS£PInsert the other disk to useZthe Book Scanner.nPress the RETURN Key when done.€²£SWITCHING DISKS£PInsert the other disk to playZthe Discoverer Game.nPress the RETURN Key when done.€²£SWITCHING DISKS£PInsert the other disk to playZthe Explorer Game.nPress the RETURN Key when done.€²£SWITCHING DISKS£PInsert the other disk to playZthe Master Game.nPress the RETURN Key when done.€P7M pu&ČĮ2ø_\>÷ŹV¹;?`aĀŚCÜ#Xš8)osqoMPACKC00Jƒ’ž"’ž’ž’ž’žĄZ” Ą[AB2fŅk „A:Z B˜Āk „A:Z B˜@@Ąk „A:Z @€ ą[AB2fBrBr B|B~B‚BxĄ B–’’A( 2– "#$% ą[ A:C2fB~@GB~H²¤£ Enter the number of players in( the game.PHA. OnedHB. Two£”ČxSelect Item€²¤£ Enter the name of the player.¤”<0³ “”d Press RETURN€²¤£ Enter the name of the ”first” player.¤”20³ “”P Press RETURN€£”n Enter the name of the ”second”‚ player.¤” 0³ “”¾ Press RETURN€²¤£%s „( Do you want to play against the< clock?dHA. YesxHB. No£”ÜxSelect Play€²¤£The year is 1790, and France isin turmoil.2You are in the midst of a violent<revolution against the King andFruling aristocracy.ZIt is the best of times; itdis the worst of times.€²¤£%s „The Tribunal and jury have decided(your fate.<You will become wine for La Guillotine.PToo bad.dPlay again soon and change your fate!€²¤£%s „Things are looking up!2The crowd has sympathy for you. They<may sway the jury.PYou could be out of prison very soon!dGood luck - and play again.€²¤£%s „Congratulations!2Your friends have great influence<with the courts.PYou have been found Not Guilty!dYou're free!xPlay again soon ... and be careful‚while you're still in France.€²¤£%s „You're the luckiest person in France!2Your friends have arranged a daring<escape and wait with a boat that willFtake you to England.ZYou'll be free!nCongratulations!€²¤£( Would you like toP A. use the Book Scanner tod@find out more about ”A Talex@of Two Cities?”Œ B. play another game?  C. return to the Main Menu?€L ˜Äźų˜ż3O” dĢ4æĻē’ Y§åūAƒ’{Æé+e§é 7#˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ēQ¶z˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ÕQÕ?€’ą’š’š’ų’ų’ų’ų’š’š’ą?€ ž€Ą’š’ü’ü’’’’’ų’š’ ĄĄĄĄĄĄĄĄĄĄĄĄĄĄĄž’’’ü’’’ü’’’ü ’Ą@@@’Ąü ’Ą€€€’ĄĄž€’’’š€€’’’š€€’’’š€€’’’š€€’’’š€€’’’š€€’’’šą’’’’°Œƒ€€`€€ą€Ē€8€ę€€€€`ƒ€Œ°’’’’’˜8Ą˜’ų’ųą$üä$ $Ą$$$$’’¤$$’’’’’’’’€€€€€€ą’’’’’’                 ųų@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ą                    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ą           ?’ž     "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÕĄšų?üžž’’žž’’žž?üųšĄ € € € € 0xx0ųž÷Ųųųš €€€Ą7`o0Ļ ĄĄ€€€€ĄĄą žąü’<’ß’’_€’ż_€’ż_€’ż€’ż€’ż€’ż’€’ż’€’ż’€’ż’€’ż’€’ż’€ćż’€€’ƀ€>€ž€æš’ü’ž’’ƒ’ż’€’ż’€’ż’€’ż’€’ż€’ż€’ż€’ż€’ż_€ų=_€ą_€Ą߀€?€žšššųü>€Ą Ą`00>ą  ???<~’€žpųüüüųpoßų?Ÿ’|€cģ@ńüĄńųĄńųųžšųü?~>|xp Ą€ €xĄššą€€’ų’€€€€€€€€ą         ’°         ą€€€€€@@@@@ ?’’’’’’@@@@@@@@@@@@’š’šą’’’’’’’’’ų’ųž’’€’’€’’€’’€’’€’’€’’’ü’š’Ą’ųą€žxōōōō4ąš8ļšæ€‚ x8ųćššžųģ?äāā’ā’ā’Ć’Į’Į’Ć’‚’¾’’€žĪ0..Ž 0 žšųü?~>~|xpĄ8€pĄ Ąšx8š8|žžž}€8“ģĢ¾öžüü| €€€€Ī8šąĄÕ0š÷ļ’ ĄĄąĄ ``00@ĄĄĄ@@#r "2‚" ¹ŠZ ”@7 "2‚"qŠZ ”@7 "2‚"#)ŠZ ”@7 ! "2‚"ŻŠZ ”@7 "2‚" ¹ŠZ ”@7 "2‚"•ŠZ ”@7 ąZ ” @#0¼  B¾’’Ą BĄ’’Ā BĀ’’Ä BÄ’’Ę BĘ’’‚ B Š ä B ä ų B ų  B   B  „!B’’"¾¼ ’’‚B ’’"Š¼  „B¼’’¼ `ĄZ”@"ōŠZ”²¤£%s „(You've done very well!<Would you like to see a scene fromPthe story?n@A. Yes‚@B. No€²¤¢£ZWINE FOR THE GUILLOTINEd"It is a far, far better thing thatnI do, than I have ever done ...."€¢²ąį >ąį!AŅąį!!Vąį"HŅąį"URąį"IJąį"UŹąį"žjąį"d¶¤€Ąž¤€Ąžąį%!Aąį%!AĪąį&ANąį'AĘąį(ijUj¤£)YU–¤£*Z! ¤£+[5 ¤£,\AŠ¤£-]ąį.Ķ"ąį.ĶBąį/‡ąį/‚ąį/‚*ąį/‡6ąį/zĘąį/‰Źąį/‚Ząį/Œbąį/Œrąį/‰žąį/‚Žąį/”ąį/Š&ąį/Š2ąį/‚¾ąį/ŠVąį/bąį/‘źąį/”~ąį/…vąį02Rąį02"ąį02Źąį02ņąį0sąį0n&ąį0kŹąį0s^ąį0s’ąį0sĀąį0{Ząį0vząį0}vąį14’ąį14²ąį12Ņąį12Žąį15~ąį1xąį1s*ąį1x6ąį1zŹąį1}bąį1zžąį1{&ąį1…ąį1}²ąį1€bąį1‚źąį1…~€¢ąį2-ąį2-Nąį2i"ąį2fĘąį2nZąį2qąį2q>ąį2vVąį2söąį20Fąį20nąį3žąį4žnąį5Ķjąį6¹nąį6¹^ąį7–*ąį8¬¦›!¤£9i“!¤£:jĆM¤£;kąį=·Vąį>ĶĪąį? ®ąį@ĶRąį@ȦąįA²2ąįB“ŗąįD¼"¢āņóŸ@śÆ€Œ>ą’āņó_ĄB°ļ€ķ~į’¢„Ų¢¤£ą3žą4žn¤£ą4žą3žnŲ¢¤ą2-Ną2fĘą2qą2q>ą2söą20F¤£ą28ą2rą2yŠą2zą2|øą29Ų¢¤£ą4žą3žn¤£ą3žą4žn¢¤ą28ą2rą2yŠą2zą2|øą29¤£ą2-Ną2fĘą2qą2q>ą2söą20F…Ų¢ąįD¼"ąĮC²(€²¤£%s „, when you're READY<press the RETURN key.€²£Last 5 Scores in the MASTER GAME(GAME(0NAME(øSCOREF1F0%s ŠFø99,99z’’¾č(4¼ d2d0%s ädø99,99z’’Ąč(4¼ ‚3‚0%s ų‚ø99,99z’’Āč(4¼  4 0%s   ø99,99z’’Äč(4¼ ¾5¾0%s  ¾ø99,99z’’ʀ²£Last 5 Scores in the EXPLORER GAME(GAME(0NAME(øSCOREF1F0%s Fø99,99z’’öč(4ō d2d0%s dø99,99z’’ųč(4ō ‚3‚0%s 0‚ø99,99z’’śč(4ō  4 0%s D ø99,99z’’üč(4ō ¾5¾0%s X¾ø99,99z’’ž€²¤£%s „You are summoned to the Hall ofExamination.2You have been accused of aristocratic<tendencies. An informer has revealedFthat your closet is filled with finePclothes.dYou are under arrest and will be heldnin the Bastille until your trial.€²¤£%s „Halt!(You are under arrest for treason2against the Republic.FYou did not display the new redPflag from your doorway.dThe guards will take you to LanForce until your loyalty is judgedxby the Tribunal.€²¤£%s „You are a criminal!(Informers have revealed that you2booked passage to England.FAll emigres are being placed underParrest.dYou will be imprisoned in thenConciergerie to await your trial.€²¤£%s „Halt!(You are arrested for treason.<Loyal citizens heard you complainFabout the Tribunals. You don'tPthink they are being fair to someZaristocrats.nNow a Tribunal will decide yourxfate.ŒYou will be kept in La Force until–your trial.€²¤£%s „Attention!(You have been declared an enemy2of the Republic.FYour past as the Marquis' chocolatierPmakes you a criminal and a traitor.dLoyal citizens will escort you tonthe Bastille to await your trial.€²¤£%s „Now you are an innocent victim ofthe revolution.2Perhaps if you try hard -- and have<good luck -- you will get out ofFthe terrible prison to which you havePbeen taken.€²¤£%s „DINNERTIME(The guard brings your dinner: a piece2of stale bread and a cup of water.FInside the bread you see a small whitePtube of paper. It's a message fromZMr. Lorry!n"DON'T LOSE FAITH.‚YOUR FRIENDS ARE WORKING ON YOURŒBEHALF. KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK."€²¤£%s „VISITING DAY(It is visiting day in the prison.<A woman in a large, dark cloakFstops at the bars of your cell door.ZWhen she lifts her hood, you seedthe visitor is Lucie!xShe whispers urgently,Œ"YOU'RE DOING VERY WELL. KEEP UP YOUR SPIRITS.“THERE MAY BE A WAY TO GET OUT OF¾THIS TERRIBLE PLACE."€²¤£%s „NEW STRAW(The guard brings a pile of fresh2straw for your bed.FWhen you lie down, you feel a piecePof crinkling paper beneath you.dIt's a message from Sydney Carton!x"YOU DIDN'T EXPECT TO HEAR FROM ME,‚DID YOU?–I MAY HAVE FOUND A WAY TO GET YOU OUT OF HERE.“KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK!"€²¤£%s „PEBBLES(One night you hear the clatter of2pebbles against the bars of your cell<window.PWhen you look out, you see JerryZCruncher in the street.nHe has a message for you!‚"DON'T GIVE UP HOPE.–YOU ARE DOING WELL.ŖYOU MAY BE FREE SOON."€²¤£%s „MEDICAL ROUNDS(The prison doctor is making his2rounds today.FWhen he comes to your cell, hePremoves his large hat, and youZsee he is Dr. Manette!nHe has come with a message.‚"KEEP UP YOUR COURAGE.–WE ARE DOING OUR BEST FOR YOU.ŖSOMETHING MAY HAPPEN SOON.¾BE READY."€@"˜ŠZœ `"0| PB!’A4H2!ŅZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ” h2 –'ŅC&AOPENING AND CLOSING WORDSūĀC*ATHE NOVEL>ĀC.ATHE NOVEL="ĀC2BPUBLISHING AND STYLEKĀC6CTOO LITTLE HUMORLĀC:ALUCIE MANETTE…ĀC>CSYDNEY CARTON}ĀCBAIRONY1#ĀCFCTOO MANY COINCIDENCESMĀCJBTHE NOVEL? `"0x  PB!’A6H2!ŅZ”ĀZ”ĀZ”ĀZ ”ĀZ!”`Bx "0x Š[AB "0f ŠZ”Ą\ĄZ”`Bx `"2| Ą B–’’A( 2– G#$%  @"˜ŠZœ `"0| PB!’A4H2!ŅZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”  h2 – ŅCOAIRONY2ĀCSCSIMILE$ĀCWCPERSONIFICATION)ĀC[BMETAPHOR'ĀC_BMETAPHOR(ĀCcCMR. STRYVER“#ĀCgAJERRY CRUNCHER SPEAKS'ĀCtk(KKRRRKHISTORY OR FICTION?@,ĀCtn(KRKKRRSUMMING UP THE BIG IDEAS­ĀCqCTHE POWER OF LOVE³ `"0x  PB!’A6H2!ŅZ”ĀZ”ĀZ”ĀZ ”ĀZ!”`Bx "0x Š[AB "0f ŠZ”Ą\ĄZ”`Bx `"2| Ą B–’’A( 2– "G$%  @"˜ŠZœ `"0| PB!’A4H2!ŅZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”  h2 – ,ŅCuBLOOKING BACK AND LOOKING AHEADŌ,ĀCyALOOKING BACK AND LOOKING AHEADÕ&ĀCt}(KKRKKRRKMINOR CHARACTERSvĀC€ATHE VENGEANCE–!ĀC„CTHE MENDER OF ROADS— ĀCtˆ(RRKRKKINCOMMODIOUS ĀCt‹(RRKKRRKTREPIDATIONĀC”Ž2>><<<>LETHARGY)ĀCt‘(KRRKKRCLIMAXES IN THE STORYČĀC”BSYDNEY CARTON| `"0x  PB!’A6H2!ŅZ”ĀZ”ĀZ”ĀZ ”ĀZ!”`Bx "0x Š[AB "0f ŠZ”Ą\ĄZ”`Bx `"2| Ą B–’’A( 2– "#G%  @"˜ŠZœ `"0| PB!’A4H2!ŅZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”ĀZ”ĄZ”  h2 – +ŅCt˜(KRKKRRREALISM AND ROMANTICISME ĀC4›KACDBEUNUSUAL WORDSVĀC4žKCBADLUCIE MANETTE…MADAME DEFARGEŠMISS PROSS•THE FORESTER'S WIFE˜PĀC4”KBDCASYDNEY CARTONzCHARLES DARNAYMR. LORRYERNEST DEFARGE†ĀC¤AIRONY3ĀCØCTHE GORGON'S HEADęĀC¬CPOINT OF VIEWJĀC°BJERRY CRUNCHERĀC“CJOHN BARSAD‘)ĀC4øKCDBAIDENTIFYING THE SPEAKERü `"0x  PB!’A6H2!ŅZ”ĀZ”ĀZ”ĀZ ”ĀZ!”`Bx "0x Š[AB "0f ŠZ”Ą\ĄZ”`Bx `"2| Ą B–’’A( 2– "#$G  ²¤ The closing words of ”A Tale of TwoCities” have become famous.(What are they?<A. "It is a far, far better thingF that I do, than I have ever done;P it is a far, far better rest thatZ I go to than I have ever known."dB. "It was the best of times, it wasn the worst of times . . . ."xC. "Along the Paris streets, the‚ death-carts rumble, hollow andŒ harsh. Six tumbrils carry the– day's wine to La Guillotine."€²¤¾Yes! And the novel's opening wordsČare just as famous: "It was theŅbest of times, it was the worse ofÜtimes . . . ."€²¤¾Sorry. These are the opening wordsČof the novel. They're as famous asŅthe closing ones! What does SydneyÜCarton say at the guillotine?€²¤¾Sorry. That's not it.ČWhat does Sydney Carton say atŅthe guillotine?€²¤ When did Dickens write ”A Tale ofTwo Cities”?2A. 1859<B. 1789FC. 1899€²¤“Yes! This novel was written and¾published near the end of Dickens'Čwriting career, just eleven yearsŅbefore his death.€²¤“Sorry. This date marks the¾beginning of the French Revolution,Čnot Dickens' novel.€²¤“Sorry. Dickens died in 1870, well¾before the turn of the century.€²¤” A Tale of Two Cities” can best bedescribed as2A. fiction.<B. allegory.FC. history.€²¤“Historical fiction combines actual¾events or people with fictionalČevents and characters.€²¤“Sorry. In an allegory characters¾and events are symbols for ideasČand feelings.€²¤“Sorry. Although Dickens uses a¾historical setting, most of theČcharacters and incidents areŅinvented.€²¤” A Tale of Two Cities” was firstpublished in installments in aweekly magazine.2This fact probably accounts for<theZA. shifts in setting betweend England and France.nB. suspenseful chapter endings.xC. use of characters and events‚ for comic relief.€²¤“Sorry. The shifts in setting are¾necessary to the plot.€²¤“Yes. Each chapter is a "cliff¾hanger," ending on a note of sus-Čpense to make readers eager forŅthe next installment.€²¤“Sorry. Weekly installments would¾not have affected Dickens' use ofČcomic relief. And there is veryŅlittle humor in this novel.€²¤ What is lacking in ”A Tale ofTwo Cities”?2A. sentimentality<B. descriptionFC. humor€²¤“Sorry. There is a lot of sentiment-¾ality in this novel. Lucie's reunionČwith her father and Carton's deathŅare two examples.€²¤“Sorry. There's a gerat deal of¾description in the novel - ofČpeople as well as places.€²¤“Yes. The Crunchers and, at times,¾Miss Pross provide the only instancesČof "comic relief" in the novel.€²¤ Which character best exemplifiesDickens' sentimental portrayalof women?<A. Lucie ManetteFB. Miss ProssPC. Madame Defarge€²¤“Lucie Manette has no faults. She¾seems too good to be true. She isČan example of Dickens' overlyŅsentimental view of women.€²¤“Sorry. Miss Pross is a good person,¾but she is often portayed humorously.ČShe is not sentimentalized.€²¤“Sorry. Madame Defarge lacks com-¾passion - and most other humanČfeelings. The portrayal of thisŅcharacter is not sentimental.€²¤ The romantic poet, Lord Byron,created the unconventional herowho acts against his own best(interests.<Who best fits this description inF”A Tale of Two Cities”?dA. The MarquisnB. Charles DarnayxC. Sydney Carton€²¤“Sorry. The Marquis behaves conven-¾tionally for a man of his time andČclass and always follows what heŅimagines to be his own interests.€²¤“Sorry. Darnay is not depressive,¾and he is conventional in his dailyČlife.€²¤“Carton best exemplifies the moody,¾impulsive hero found in Lord Byron'sČromantic poetry.€²¤ Irony results when the oppositeoccurs of what one would expect.(Why is it ironic that the mender2of roads cheers the procession of<aristocrats?ZA. He is plotting their overthrow.dB. He is being sarcastic when hen cheers.xC. He thinks the aristocrats are‚ revolutionaries.€²¤“Yes! It's ironic that although the¾mender of roads is a revolutionary,Čhe gets carried away by the spectacleŅof the procession.€²¤“Sorry. He is not being sarcastic.¾His enthusiasm is genuine.€²¤“Sorry. He knows who the aristo-¾crats are and cheers for themČenthusiastically.€²¤ The plot of ”A Tale of Two Cities”might be faulted for2A. having too much suspense.<B. containing a love story.FC. relying too much on coincidence.€²¤“Sorry. Suspense is one of the¾strengths of the plot, not aČweakness.€²¤“Sorry. A love story is rarely a¾plot weakness.€²¤“The plot contains several improbable¾coincidences. For example, DarnayČand Carton look alike; and BarsadŅbecomes a French prison guard.€²¤” A Tale of Two Cities” isdivided into three parts, or"books." Each book contains(several chapters.<Which of the following titles isFNOT the name of one of the threePbooks?nA. "Recalled to Life"xB. "The Game Made"‚C. "The Golden Thread"ŒD. "The Track of a Storm"€²¤“Sorry. "Recalled to Life" is the¾title of the first book.€²¤“Right! "The Game Made" is the¾name of a chapter in the thirdČbook.€²¤“Sorry. "The Golden Thread" is the¾title of the second book.€²¤“Sorry. "The Track of a Storm"¾is the title of the third book.€²¤ At Darnay's English trial, JohnBarsad is called an UNIMPEACHABLEwitness.2Why is this ironic when applied<to Barsad?ZA. Barsad is dishonest.dB. Barsad is honest.nC. Barsad is testifying againstx Darnay.€²¤“UNIMPEACHABLE means "honest." This¾is ironic, or contradictory, becauseČBarsad is very dishonest.€²¤“Sorry. UNIMPEACHABLE means "honest."¾If Barsad were honest, there would beČnothing ironic or contradictory inŅdescribing him that way.€²¤“Sorry. The irony has nothing to do¾with the side for which he testifies.€²¤ Identify the underlined figure ofspeech.(Stryver "shouldered his way through2the law, ”like some great engine<forcing itself through turbid (muddy)Fwaters”."dA. personificationnB. metaphorxC. simile€²¤“Sorry. Personification is attri-¾buting human qualities to non-humanČthings.€²¤“Sorry. A metaphor is an indirect¾comparison that does not useČthe word LIKE.€²¤“A simile is a comparison that¾includes the word LIKE or AS. HereČStryver is compared to an engine.€²¤ In the first chapter of the novel,Dickens foreshadows or predictsthe coming events in France by(mentioning ”the Woodman, Fate”2and ”the Farmer, Death”.FWhat figure of speech do thesePterms represent?nA. similexB. allusion‚C. personification€²¤“Sorry. A simile would contain the¾words LIKE or AS. For example,Č"Fate is like a woodman," or "DeathŅis like a farmer."€²¤“Sorry. An allusion is a reference¾to a famous person, place or event.€²¤“Yes. The abstract ideas of fate and¾death are given human occupations.ČThey are personified.€²¤ Identify the underlined figure ofspeech.(Jerry Cruncher speaks to his wife2in "”sparks from the whirling<grindstone of his indignation”."ZA. similedB. metaphornC. personification€²¤“Sorry. A simile would contain the¾word LIKE or AS.€²¤“A metaphor is a comparison that¾does not use the words LIKE or AS.ČJerry's words are compared toŅsparks, and his anger to aÜgrindstone.€²¤“Sorry. In personification an in-¾animate object or abstract ideaČis given human qualities.€²¤ Dickens describes Jarvis Lorry ashaving "the Tellson flavour andblue mould upon him."2To what does this metaphor compare<Mr. Lorry?ZA. spoiled meatdB. aged cheesenC. a stagnant pool€²¤“Sorry. Mr. Lorry hasn't been¾spoiled by his years at Tellson's.€²¤“Like a well-aged cheese, Mr. Lorry¾has taken the flavor, or style, ofČa Tellson employee.€²¤“Sorry. Mr. Lorry is not stagnant¾or stale. He is quite active forČa man of his age.€²¤ Dickens often uses a character'sname to describe his or herpersonality.2What does Stryver's name imply<about him?ZA. modestydB. crueltynC. ambition€²¤“Sorry. Stryver is not modest.€²¤“Sorry. Stryver doesn't deliberately¾try to hurt other people.€²¤“A person who STRIVES to succeed is¾ambitious, which is one of Stryver'sČmost dominant characteristics.€²¤ Who says the following words?"If I, as a honest tradesman,(succeed in providing a jinte2of meat or two, none of your<not touching of it, and stickingFto bread."dA. Jerry CrunchernB. Mr. StryverxC. Solomon Pross€²¤“Yes! Jerry is indignant when his¾wife objects to the rewards ofČhis hard work as a "Resurrection-ŅMan" or grave robber.€²¤“Sorry. Mr. Stryver has worked too¾hard to "rise in the ranks" toČspeak in such an uneducated way.€²¤“Sorry. Solomon Pross is a spy¾for the French. He would notČcall himself "a honest tradesman."€²¤” A Tale of Two Cities” is basedon actual events in history.(Type K to KEEP the historical events:2things that really happened.FType R to REMOVE the fictionalPevents: the story that DickensZinvented.n³ “n³storming of the Bastille“x³aristocrats tried and guillotined“‚³execution of Sydney Carton“Œ³Manette's release from prison“–³the murder of the Marquis“ ³cry for Liberty! Equality! etc.“€²¤“Sorry. You've confused history¾and fiction. Remember, the moreČspecific events are fictional.€²¤“Yes! This historical novel blends¾actual events with fiction.€²¤ What are some of the importantthemes in ”A Tale of Two Cities”?(Type K to KEEP themes in the book.<Type R to REMOVE the others.Z³ “Z³Love can redeem a lost soul.“d³Change leads to evil.“n³Evil breeds evil.“x³Revenge without mercy is unjust.“‚³The poor are too greedy.“Œ³The rich are corrupt.“€²¤“Sorry. Think again. A theme is¾an important idea that is illustratedČby the characters and events in theŅstory.€²¤“That's it! You've read carefully.€²¤ An important theme in this novelis that love has a redeemingpower in every person's life.2Which event illustrates this theme?FA. Madame Defarge's deathPB. Gaspard's child's deathZC. Sydney Carton's death€²¤“Sorry. Madame Defarge dies in a¾violent struggle with Miss Pross.ČMadame Defarge's thoughts are onŅrevenge, not love.€²¤“Sorry. The death of Gaspard's¾child provokes hatred and moreČviolence. Both the Marquis andŅGaspard die as a result of thisÜevent.€²¤“Sydney Carton gives his life for¾Charles Darnay so that Lucie canČbe happy. Carton's love for LucieŅredeems the failures of his life.€²¤ A FLASHBACK is a shift to a scenefrom an earlier time.(Which of these scenes is told as2a flashback?PA. the death of the MarquisZB. the events leading to Dr.d Manette's imprisonmentnC. the storming of the Bastille€²¤“Sorry. This event is presented in¾chronological order. The readerČlearns about it as it happens inŅthe story.€²¤“Yes. Through Dr. Manette's diary,¾the action shifts to a time manyČyears earlier.€²¤“Sorry. This event is presented in¾chronological order. The readerČlearns about it as it happensŅin the story.€²¤ Which event inspires a vision ofthe future?2A. Carton's last moments at the< guillotineFB. the death of Lucie's first sonPC. Darnay's English trial€²¤“Yes. At the guillotine, Carton¾sees a vision of a happy futureČfor Lucie, Charles, and theirŅchildren.€²¤“Sorry. This event is recounted in¾chronological order. That is, theČreader learns about it as it happensŅin the story.€²¤“Sorry. This event is recounted in¾chronological order. That is, theČreader learns about it as it happensŅin the story.€²¤” A Tale of Two Cities”, like allDickens' novels, contains manycolorful minor characters.2Type K to KEEP the minor characters.FType R to REMOVE those who are notPcharacters in this novel.d@³ “dP³The Vengeance“nP³Gaspard“xP³Pierre Beauvais“‚P³Theophile Gabelle“ŒP³Roger Cly“–P³Joe Gargery“ P³Antoine“ŖP³Barsad“€²¤¾Sorry. Keeping track of so manyČminor characters ”is” confusing.€²¤¾That's it!€²¤ How does The Vengeance get her name?(A. because of her behavior at the2 storming of the Bastille<B. because she counts the headsF that fall at the guillotinePC. because she cries, "Take offZ his head!" at Darnay's trial€²¤“Right! Her "vicious" behavior at the¾Bastille "earns" The Vengeance herČname.€²¤“Sorry. The Vengeance ”does” count¾heads, but that isn't how sheČgets her name.€²¤“Sorry. Although The Vengeance¾may shout this, so do many others.€²¤ Who is the character known as "amender of roads"?2A. a spy for the King<B. a member of the jury atF Darnay's third trialPC. a servant of the aristocracy€²¤“Sorry. The mender of roads supports¾the revolution.€²¤“Sorry. The mender of roads is¾not on the jury.€²¤“At the beginning of the novel, the¾mender of roads works for the MarquisČon his great estate. Later he movesŅto Paris and becomes a woodcutter.€²¤ Tellson's Bank is described as"very small, very dark, veryugly, very incommodious."2Press K to KEEP the synonyms<for INCOMMODIOUS.PPress R to REMOVE the others.d@³ “dP³decorated“nP³spacious“xP³crowded“‚P³dim“ŒP³uncomfortable“–P³inconvenient“€²¤“Sorry. That's not quite Tellson's.¾Dickens says, "It was an old-fashionedČplace ... proud of its smallness ...Ņdarkness ... (and) ugliness...."€²¤“You're right!€²¤ Mrs. Cruncher reacts to her husband,Jerry, with trepidation.(Press K to KEEP the synonyms for2TREPIDATION.FPress R to REMOVE the others.Z@³ “ZP³composure“dP³annoyance“nP³apprehension“xP³dread“‚P³optimism“ŒP³self-possession“–P³fear“€²¤“Sorry. There is a problem here.¾"A woman of orderly and industriousČappearance rose from her knees in aŅcorner, with ... haste and trep-Üidation ...."€²¤“You have it!€²¤ When Lucie and Mr. Lorry firstsee Dr. Manette after his release,he is in a state of lethargy.2Use the left and right arrow keys<to list the synonyms and antonyms forFLETHARGY.ZSYNONYMSZˆANTONYMSn³ “nˆ³ “x0³ “x@³animation“‚@³vitality“Œ@³torpor“–@³malaise“ @³listlessness“Ŗ@³energy“€²¤¾Sorry. There's a problem here.ČRemember, many years in prisonŅhave affected Dr. Manette'sÜmind and spirit.€²¤¾You've got it!€²¤ Certain events are turning pointsin the story. They represent theclimax of a chain of emotions or(actions.<Type K to KEEP the ”climactic” events.PType R to REMOVE the other, lessZimportant, events.n³ “n³A mob storms the Bastille.“x³Stryver proposes to Lucie.“‚³Manette returns to shoemaking.“Œ³Manette's diary is read in public.“–³Carton takes Darnay's place.“ ³Lucie stands outside the prison.“€²¤“Sorry. That's not quite it.¾Which events have the greatestČemotional intensity?€²¤“You've got it!€²¤ What is Sydney Carton's mostimportant personal goal?2A. convincing Lucie to marry him<B. proving he is worthy of Lucie'sF lovePC. proving he is smarter thanZ Stryver€²¤“Sorry. Carton knows that Lucie¾would not marry him, and he doesČnot try to change her mind.€²¤“Carton sacrifices his life to prove¾his love. This act resolves theČmost important issue in his life,Ņproving himself to Lucie.€²¤“Sorry. Carton is smarter than¾Stryver in many ways, but he isČcontent to let Stryver take allŅthe credit.€²¤ REALISM shows life as it really is.ROMANTICISM emphasizes emotions,(idealism, and the supernatural.<Type K to KEEP the realisticFelements in this novel.ZType R to REMOVE the romantic ones.n³ “n³life among the poor in Paris“x³Carton and Darnay's resemblance“‚³description of Tellson's Bank“Œ³Jerry Cruncher's job as messenger“–³Carton's hopeless love for Lucie“ ³Carton's self-sacrifice“€²¤“Sorry. There is a problem with¾your list. Think again about whichČitems show life as it really is.€²¤“Yes. As you can see, there are¾several strong romantic elementsČin this story.€²¤ Match each word with its definition.(A. marquis2B. tumbril<C. guillotineFD. flambeauPE. chateaud1. a title of nobilityn2. an instrument for beheadingx3. a torch‚4. a cartŒ5. a castle€²¤¾Sorry. It's hard to define wordsČwhen they are taken out of theŅcontext of the story, especiallyÜwhen the words are French!€²¤¾Good for you!€²¤ Match each character with thecorrect description.#A. Lucie Manette-B. Madame Defarge7C. Miss ProssAD. the forester's wifeP1. "A wild-looking woman ... allZ of a red colour ...."d2. "... a stout woman ... with an watchful eye ... and a greatx composure of manner."‚3. "a golden-haired doll"Œ4. "She looked an old woman, but– was young."€²¤¾Sorry. There is a problem here.ČWhy not check the Book Scanner?€²¤¾You're right!€²¤ Match each character with thecorrect description.#A. Charles Darnay-B. Sydney Carton7C. Monsieur DefargeAD. Mr. LorryP1. "careless and slovenly if notZdebauched"d2. "(a) face, habitually suppressednand quieted, was still lightedxup under the quaint wig"‚3. "a bull-necked, martial-lookingŒman of thirty"–4. "a young man ... well-grown and well-looking .... a young gentleman"€²¤¾Sorry. That's not it.ČWhy not check the Book Scanner?€²¤¾Yes. A character's appearanceČoften suggests his personality.€²¤ "(S)he (France) entertained herself,besides, with such humane achieve-ments as sentencing a youth to have(his hands cut off, his tongue torn2out with pincers, and his body<burned alive . . . ."PWhat technique does Dickens use inZthis passage?xA. irony‚B. alliterationŒC. exaggeration€²¤“Dickens says that France ”entertained”¾herself, but it's obvious that heČconsiders such punishments ironic,Ņthe opposite of entertainment.€²¤“Sorry. Alliteration is the repetition¾of an initial sound in two or moreČwords. An example of alliteration is,”Ņbig brown bears”.€²¤“Sorry. Dickens is not exaggerating;¾such punishments were really carriedČout.€²¤ Which character is associated withthe Gorgon's head?2A. Madame Defarge<B. The VengeanceFC. The Marquis€²¤“Sorry. Madame Defarge may be a¾monster in her own way, but sheČis not associated with the Gorgon'sŅhead.€²¤“Sorry. The Vengeance may be a¾terror, but she is not associatedČwith the Gorgon's head, that mythicalŅfigure who turned everything to stone.€²¤“Yes. The Marquis' chateau has "stone¾urns, and stone flowers, and stoneČfaces of men." The mythical GorgonŅhad turned everything to stone.€²¤ The Marquis Saint Evremonde's murderis told from the point of view of2A. Charles Darnay.<B. a servant.FC. the Marquis.€²¤“Sorry. Charles visits the Marquis¾on the night of the murder, but heČdoes not see everything that happens.€²¤“Sorry. There is no servant present¾when the murder occurs.€²¤“The story follows the Marquis as he¾arrives at his chateau, waits forČCharles, and goes to bed. EventsŅare described from the Marquis' pointÜof view.€²¤ How does Jerry Cruncher know thatRoger Cly is still alive in Paris?2A. He sees Cly outside prison.<B. He digs up Cly's coffin.FC. He looks into Cly's coffinP during the funeral.€²¤“Sorry. Cruncher hasn't seen Cly¾since Charles' trial in London.€²¤“Cruncher is surprised and disappointed¾when he digs up Cly's coffin and findsČit empty. He won't be able to sellŅCly's body and earn extra money.€²¤“Sorry. Cruncher does not look into¾the coffin before Cly is buried.€²¤ What is the term used for a spylike Barsad?2A. jackal<B. beastFC. sheep€²¤“Sorry. Sydney Carton is called a¾jackal because he does all theČhard work, and Stryver gets allŅthe credit.€²¤“Sorry. Barsad isn't called a beast -¾even though some think he acts likeČone.€²¤“Prison spies are given the ironic¾name, SHEEP. Barsad is just theČopposite of a timid, gentle, andŅharmless sheep.€²¤ Identify each speaker with thecorrect quote.#A. Madame Defarge#°C. Mr. Lorry-B. Lucie-°D. Mr. Stryver<1. "That's business ... and ifFbusiness is to be done, I hadPbetter do it."Z2. "I had to get to the front rank;dI was not born there, was I?"n3. "You will be good to my poorx husband. You will do him no‚ harm."Œ4. "Vengeance and retribution re-– quire a long time; it is the rule."€²¤¾Sorry. There's a problem here.ČRemember, each quote reveals theŅdistinct personality of the speaker.€²¤¾Yes! You know these charactersČwell.€tM^UcafĪ„²ÖČ©U_tq >ż’īßīĖ(SF6W`œŽŗ†šT`ˆbOnh_wE‡‘nfw’ŽuõšZg.‘J_®T<™/GRIKčq—Vé\[rŠSlÓ@šjÓMhd±)Kuń‰qnµnKO€-ē‡——ń€a€«x‰‰aRņ]bN°A<”” ©E|¾_¾k‘{­s^ߍyM£CK?Ÿ˜]}zžzH©ÉM£Q^}]„„t2MPACKC00•]’ž"’ž’ž’ž’ž’žĄZ” Ą[”XA:C2f Ā[4A:D2flmns" ą[ŌD:I2f   ą[TJ:K2f  ĄD !G Ą[“A:G2fš›œžŸ  ą[ōH:N2f”¢£¤„¦§ ą[tO:S2fØ©Ŗ«¬ Ą[4A:F2f»¼½¾æĄ Ą[4A:F2fÖ×ŲŁŚŪ Ą[“A:G2fļšńņóōõ ą[tH:I2fö÷ Ą[4A:E2f    Ą[4A:F2f !"# Ą[4A:G2f6789:;< Ą[4A:G2fPQRSTUV Ą[4A:B2f`a Ą[4A:C2fghi²¤(The Book Scanner contains interesting2information about ”A Tale of Two Cities”<and its author, Charles Dickens.PBut the Book Scanner is NOT the book.dNOTHING CAN REPLACE THE READINGnEXPERIENCE!‚See for yourself. Start reading”ŒA Tale of Two Cities” and let–Charles Dickens' story come alive for you.€²¤£BOOK SCANNER MENU£TROUBLE SPOTTER£<X. You have 9z’’ Trouble Spots forFreview in the Trouble Spotter.£dBROWSER£‚A. What Happens in the Story?–B. Who's Who?ŖC. What Are the Big Ideas?Č@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£BOOK SCANNER MENU¤£(BROWSER£FD. Tracking Main EventsZE. Looking at DetailsnF. Listening to the Characters‚G. Collecting Well-Chosen Words–H. Using the Writer's ToolsŖI. Focusing on StyleČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£BOOK SCANNER MENU¤£(BROWSER£FJ. About Charles DickensZK. Title Search: Other Good Books Press ”ESC” to return to the Main MenuŖ”at any point” in the Book Scanner.Č@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHAT HAPPENS IN THE STORY?£(A. The Plot<B. The SettingPC. Chapter-by-Chapter SummariesdD. Facts About the French RevolutionČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHO'S WHO?£(A. Major Characters<B. Minor CharactersPC. Sydney CartondD. Charles DarnayxE. Comparing Darnay and CartonŒF. Dr. Manette G. Lucie ManetteČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHO'S WHO?£(H. Ernest Defarge<I. Madame DefargePJ. Mr. LorrydK. Jerry CruncherxL. John BarsadŒM. Marquis Saint Evremonde N. Mr. StryverČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHO'S WHO?£(O. Miss Pross<P. The VengeancePQ. The Mender of RoadsdR. The Forester's WifexS. The Paris MobČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHAT ARE THE BIG IDEAS?£(A. Summing Up the Big Ideas<B. Evil Breeds EvilPC. The Power of LovedD. Self-SacrificexE. ChangeŒF. RevengeČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£TRACKING MAIN EVENTS£(A. What is a Major Event?<B. Main Plot and SubplotsPC. Climaxes in the StorydD. Sequence of EventsxE. Predicting the FutureŒF. Looking Back and Looking AheadČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£LOOKING AT DETAILS£(A. Darnay's Three Trials<B. Details About Courts and PrisonsPC. Dr. Manette and Darnay in PrisondD. The Marquis Flings a CoinxE. Madame Defarge's KnittingŒF. The Gorgon's Head G. The Wine CaskČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£LOOKING AT DETAILS£(H. The Marquis' Chocolate<I. Fact and OpinionČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£LISTENING TO THE CHARACTERS£(A. Opening and Closing Words<B. Identifying the SpeakerPC. Jerry Cruncher SpeaksdD. Reading Between the LinesxE. The Marquis Speaks€²¤£COLLECTING WELL-CHOSEN WORDS£(A. Lethargy<B. RegisterPC. Emigrant and ImmigrantdD. TrepidationxE. IncommodiousŒF. Unusual WordsČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£USING THE WRITER'S TOOLS£(A. Simile<B. MetaphorPC. PersonificationdD. ImageryxE. SatireŒF. Irony G. ForeshadowingČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£FOCUSING ON STYLE£(A. The Novel<B. History or Fiction?PC. Realism and RomanticismdD. Point of ViewxE. Publishing and StyleŒF. Too Little Humor G. Too Many CoincidencesČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£ABOUT CHARLES DICKENS£(A. About Charles Dickens<B. Other Books By Charles DickensČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£TITLE SEARCH: OTHER GOOD BOOKS£(A. Historical Fiction<B. Adventure StoriesPC. French HistoryČ@”Select Entry Letter€²¤£REVIEWING TROUBLE SPOTS£(³ “4³ “A³ “M³ “Z³ “f³ “s³ “³ “Œ³ “˜³ “„³ “Č@”Select Item€²¤£REVIEWING TROUBLE SPOTS£(There are no Trouble Spots for4review in the Trouble Spotter.€ &xŹnĄd¶Z¬žP¢ōF˜źžpž’€?’ąeš@ų@üĄüAüˆü˜ĮøĄøÄøĄ؈‚؇؀"ØBØ ž’€’ą’š ’0 =88 §4„:„9¦ 0 ‚(xL ‡† xž~’Ą’ą’0 %8>/§ø:„)¦  0"‚(xL ‡† xž?€Ą`Œ06V@ |(*€(Ŗ€%0›2@F DĈCČ 0ąž’’ąž8šĄ €>õUU 5… Ź ą< žūĄššĄ€ łōP¤R¤2d!DLva?Č`p† `\'Ÿœą8{°ž?ĄĄ0>7‡€:„€9¦€0 €@@t€ü`€žžąų’ü’ģžšōąąśąJ?ųI?č1Ų€°€ąX<pˆ€€ø€ ž@’€’š’’ų’’üü@|üą*Pš*Pų4pųų$x'0˜Ąˆ$ ąž’€’ąšš8ø&<J<J<D<@<q8ųL@Ü x~x>ž’€`žp8&0ø&œ%Īœ%JÜ$Ģ\&\0Ųˆ0p`ĄŒ€p€@˜6žłą’óü’’ü’ųńą<’P|b˜xx08 A B@>€€€’žų|ų|ų|’’’’’’Ŗ’UŖ’UŖ’UŖ’U’ƒ’ž|’üīżļżļżļżļżļüž’ąż€ü€„€ˆ€€ €Ą€€€€€€€€ż€Ķ€…Ą…ą>Ķš>żšžų’ ?€€Ąsą(Gą*gą2@B1„P4#3Œ ( P)Ņˆ'Ņ„#ćāž$dd$÷÷€ć€ėĄŻĄ>Ą öśūū ūūū€ū€õ€ž0 HxHHxxyU^’’’’’’Nr|>xxž!@PI"’ų”€k6>>ž’’’’’’ž’_ž’_ž’_ž’_ž’_ž’_ž’_ž’_’’’ž’’Ū’’ץƀ·€{Ÿóūæūżæūž²¤£THE PLOT£(Jarvis Lorry, an English banker,2escorts Lucie Manette to Paris<to meet her father, a newly freedFpolitical prisoner.ZDr. Manette is being cared fordby his former servant, ErnestnDefarge, who now owns a winexshop and belongs to a secret‚group plotting against theŒgovernment. Lucie and Mr. Lorry take Dr.ŖManette to England.€²¤£THE PLOT£(Five years later, Lucie and her2father are witnesses at the<English trial of Charles Darnay,Fwho is falsely accused of beingPa French spy.dHe is freed when a defense lawyer,nSydney Carton, points out how hexand Darnay look alike, thus casting‚doubt on a witness' identification.–Carton is a brilliant lawyer but lacks ambition. He loves LucieŖbut knows she disapproves of his“dissolute life. He tells Lucie¾he will be her friend forever.€²¤£THE PLOT£(Lucie marries Darnay, who confides2to her father that he is really<a member of a noble French family.PLucie and her family are happyZin England, but in France thedrevolutionaries have risen tonpower and seek revenge for pastxinjustices.ŒErnest Defarge, a poor wine mer-–chant and his wife, Therese, become influential leaders of the revolu-Ŗtionaries.€²¤£THE PLOT£(When Darnay travels to Paris to2testify on behalf of a former<servant, he is arrested andFimprisoned.ZLucie, her daughter, and herdfather move to Paris to be nearnDarnay during his long imprison-xment. When he is finally‚brought to trial, he is acquitted.–However, the Defarges, especially the vengeful Madame Defarge, see toŖit that Darnay is arrested again.¾This time Dr. Manette's prisonČdiary is produced as evidence.€²¤£THE PLOT£(The diary curses Darnay's family2for having unjustly imprisoned<the doctor. Although Darnay wasFonly a child at the time, he isPfound guilty and sentenced toZdeath.nSydney Carton has other plans,xhowever. He blackmails a prison‚guard and gets into Darnay's cell.–There he drugs Darnay and has the guard smuggle the unconscious manŖout of prison.€²¤£THE PLOT£(Because he looks like Darnay,2Carton is able to take the con-<demned man's place. As LucieFand her family flee the country,PCarton is executed at the guillotine.dBut he is content to die, knowingnthat he has assured the happinessxof the woman he loves and has won‚a place in her heart forever.€²¤£THE SETTING£(The action takes place in France2and England - especially in Paris<and London, the "two cities" ofFthe title.ZDickens believed there weredmany similarities between Francenand England in 1775.‚Each was ruled by "a king withŒa large jaw," and both kings–ruled as if by divine right.€²¤£THE SETTING£(In both countries, penalties2for crime were harsh, and in<England the crime rate did notF"justify much national boasting."ZBut it was France that "rolleddwith exceeding smoothness downnhill."€²¤£THE SETTING£PARIS2In Paris the center of the action<is the Saint Antoine district,Fa poor section of the city,Pwhose citizens actually ”did”Zplay a major role in the FrenchdRevolution.xDickens describes Saint Antoine‚as "full of offence and stench"Œand "all peopled by rags and–nightcaps."¢ąį1s€²¤£THE SETTING£LONDON2In London much of the action<takes place in Soho, especiallyFon a "quiet street-corner" whereP"country airs circulated" andZ"the summer light struck."¢ąį0?€²¤£THE SETTING£SPECIFIC SETTINGS2Specific settings play an important<part in the lives of some characters.P”Dr. Manette - The Bastille”dThe Bastille plays an importantnpart in Dr. Manette's life.xHe spends eighteen years secretly‚imprisoned there.–”Carton and Stryver - The Old Bailey”ŖBoth Sydney Carton and Mr. Stryver“practice the law and defend their¾clients in the Old Bailey, theČgreat law court of London.€²¤£THE SETTING£SPECIFIC SETTINGS2”Jerry Cruncher - Tellson's Bank”FJerry works for Tellson's Bank --Pat least in the daytime.d”Charles Darnay - La Force”xCharles is imprisoned in La Force‚when he is arrested the second time.ŒAfter his third arrest, he is held–in the Conciergerie prison.€²¤£THE SETTING£SPECIFIC SETTINGS2”The Defarges - The Wine Shop”FThe Defarges operate a wine shop inPthe poor Saint Antoine district ofZParis.n”The Marquis - A "Stony" Chateau”‚When he is in the country, theŒMarquis lives in a forbidding–chateau made of stone.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£(A. Book The First: RECALLED TO LIFE<B. Book The Second: THE GOLDEN THREADPC. Book The Third: THE TRACK OF A STORMdD. All Chapters @”Select Entry Letter€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE FIRST: RECALLED TO LIFE2”Chapter 1: The Period”FDickens sets the scene for thePnovel.dThe year is 1775, the placesnare England and France, and thexatmosphere is turbulent.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE FIRST: RECALLED TO LIFE”2Chapter 2: The Mail”FJerry Cruncher, a messenger fromPTellson's Bank, approaches theZmail coach traveling from Londondto Dover.xHe has a message for a passenger‚named Jarvis Lorry which tellsŒLorry to meet someone at Dover.¾Mr. Lorry answers, "Recalled to life."¢ąį&›f€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE FIRST: RECALLED TO LIFE”2Chapter 3: The Night Shadows”FOn the coach, Mr. Lorry dreamsPabout digging a person out ofZa grave.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE FIRST: RECALLED TO LIFE”2Chapter 4: The Preparation”FAt an inn in Dover, Mr. LorryPmeets Lucie Manette.xLucie has always thought her‚father was dead. She is aston-Œished to learn that he has just–been freed after eighteen years of secret imprisonment in France.“Miss Pross, her companion, helps¾Lucie recover. The two women willČtravel to Paris to bring Dr. ManetteŅback to England.¢ąį&[dą [­€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE FIRST: RECALLED TO LIFE”2Chapter 5: The Wine Shop”FA barrel of wine has spilled inPthe streets in the Saint AntoineZsection of Paris, and the poordpeople eagerly drink the winenfrom the cobblestones.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE FIRST: RECALLED TO LIFE”2Chapter 5: The Wine Shop”FThe owner of the wine shop isPMonsieur Defarge who addressesZsome of his customers by thedcode name of "Jacques." Hisnwife, meanwhile, is busy knitting.–Lucie and Mr. Lorry arrive, and Defarge leads them to a roomŖwhere a man is making shoes.¢ąį%y…ą$y¶ą#ø€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE FIRST: RECALLED TO LIFE”2Chapter 6: The Shoemaker”FThe man is Lucie's father. Dr.PManette has learned to make shoesZin prison and has forgotten hisdpast life.xHowever, at the sight of his‚daughter, his memory begins toŒreturn.“Mr. Lorry and Lucie set off for¾England with him.¢ąį#‘?ą ‘p€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 1: Five Years Later”FJerry Cruncher, the messenger forPTellson's Bank, has a mysteriousZsecond occupation that makes hisdwife unhappy.xJerry is annoyed that his wife‚prays for his salvation.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 2: A Sight”FJerry Cruncher meets Mr. LorryPin court.dThey attend the trial of CharlesnDarnay who is accused of spyingxfor the French.¢ąį!0€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 2: A Sight”FLucie and her father are reluctantPwitnesses against Darnay.xThe lawyers for the defense are‚Mr. Stryver and his assistant,ŒSydney Carton.¢ąį#[ą [“ą"¤"€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 3: A Disappointment”FThe witnesses against Darnay includePJohn Barsad and Roger Cly. StryverZsuggests that both men are paid in-dformers.xHowever, the case is won when Carton‚points out the amazing resemblanceŒbetween himself and the prisoner.“The next witness can no longer¾positively identify Darnay, andČDarnay is acquitted.¢ąį!—…ą"—­€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 4: Congratulatory”FCarton and Darnay go to a tavern.ZCarton teases Darnay about usingdthe trial to gain Lucie's sympathy.xAfter Darnay leaves, Carton‚thinks about how much he enviesŒDarnay and dislikes himself.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 5: The Jackal”FLate at night, Carton works onPStryver's cases, planning theZstrategies that help the otherdlawyer succeed.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 6: Hundreds of People”FMr. Lorry and, later, Darnay visitPthe Manettes and Miss Pross atZtheir home in the Soho section ofdLondon where Dr. Manette practicesnmedicine.‚Lucie says she senses a great crowdŒof people coming into their lives.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 7: Monseigneur in Town”FA child is run over by the MarquisPSaint Evremonde's carriage onZthe streets of Paris.ŒThe Marquis tosses a coin to the–child's father and says that the poor should take better care ofŖtheir children.¢ąį'i\€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 8: Monseigneur in the Country”FAs he approaches his countryPmansion, a forester's widow asksZthe Marquis for a marker for herdhusband's grave.xThe Marquis refuses.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 9: The Gorgon's Head”FThe Marquis is visited by hisPnephew, Charles Darnay.‚The Marquis dislikes Darnay becauseŒDarnay is critical of how the aris-–tocracy oppress the poor.ŖDuring the night, the Marquis is“murdered. A note signed "Jacques"¾is found on the body.¢ąį'\Āą!^-€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 10: Two Promises”FA year later Darnay is working asPa French teacher in England.dHe asks Dr. Manette's permission toncourt Lucie, promising that theirxmarriage would not separate Lucie‚and her father.ŖDarnay wants to reveal his true“identity, but the doctor doesn't want¾to hear it until the wedding day -Čif Lucie agrees to marry Darnay.¢ąį!½ą Œ€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 11: A Companion Picture”FStryver has decided to propose toPLucie, and he assumes she willZaccept. He tells Carton aboutdhis plan.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 12: The Fellow of Delicacy”FMr. Lorry convinces Stryver not toPpropose marriage to Lucie, andZStryver convinces himself that itdis all for the best.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 13: The Fellow of No Delicacy”FCarton visits Lucie and tells herPthat he loves her.xHe knows he isn't worthy of her and‚just wants to tell her how he feels.ŒHe explains that he would sacrifice–anything for her sake.¢ąį"[ą [æą"©)€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 14: The Honest Tradesman”FA jeering crowd accompanies thePcoffin of the spy and informer,ZRoger Cly, to the cemetery.nJerry Cruncher is an interestedxobserver. That night Jerry and‚two other men dig up the coffin.–Jerry's son realizes that his father is a "Resurrection-Man"Ŗ(one who illegally sells bodies“for scientific research).€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 15: Knitting”FA mender of roads who worked on thePMarquis' estate tells Defarge thatZthe man who killed the Marquis hasdbeen hanged.xThe murderer's name is Gaspard, the‚father of the child killed by theŒMarquis' carriage.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 15: Knitting”FDefarge decrees that the names ofPall the Saint Evremonde familyZshould be knitted into MadamedDefarge's register.xThis knitted record lists those‚enemies of the people who willŒbe punished after the revolution.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 16: Still Knitting”FThe Defarges know that John BarsadPis now a spy for the French govern-Zment. When he visits the wine shop,dthey give him no information.–Barsad tells them that Lucie will marry Charles Darnay, the oldŖMarquis' nephew.¾Madame Defarge adds Darnay's nameČto her register.¢ąį$qūą%rą)q%€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 17: One Night”FThe night before her wedding, LuciePand her father reassure each otherZof their mutual affection.¢ąį qą#p߀²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 18: Nine Days”FOn the morning of his wedding day,PDarnay reveals his true identityZto Lucie's father.ŒAfter the wedding, Dr. Manette–returns to the shoemaker's bench of his prison cell in the Bastille.“He continues making shoes for nine¾days and seems unaware of Mr. LorryČor his home in London.¢ąį#gžą!ik€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 19: An Opinion”FOn the tenth morning, Dr. ManettePrecovers.dHe assures Lucie that he will notnrelapse into his old prison habitsxagain.¢ąį#Œg€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 20: A Plea”FCarton asks and receives Darnay'sPpermission to visit the householdZand see Lucie whenever he wishes.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 21: Echoing Footsteps”FYears have gone by, and Lucie hasPhad a daughter who survived and aZson who died.ŒIn Paris, a mob seizes the Bastille–and kills its governor.¢ąį e°ą,Ŗo€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 21: Echoing Footsteps”FThe Defarges are leaders of the mob,Pand Monsieur Defarge searches theZcell where Dr. Manette was once adprisoner.¢ąį$xRą%xx€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 22: The Sea Still Rises”FA group of revolutionaries, whichPincludes the Defarges and a womanZknown as The Vengeance, brutallydmurder the old aristocrat, Foulon,nand his nephew.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 23: Fire Rises”FThe Marquis' chateau is burnedPdown.dMonsieur Gabelle, the village taxncollector, fears for his life.€²¤£CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SUMMARIES£BOOK THE SECOND: THE GOLDEN THREAD”2Chapter 24: Drawn to the Loadstoneō@Z?ō@Z@ō@ZAō@ZBō@ZCō@ZDō@ZEō@ZFō@ZGō@ZHō@ZIō@ZJō@ZKō@ZLō@ZMō@ZNō@ZOō@ZPō@ZQō@ZRō@ZStĄZT“@ZUō@ZVō@ZWō@ZXō@ZYō@ZZō@Z[ō@Z\ō@Z]ō@Z^ō@Z_ō@Z`ō@Zaō@Zbō@Zcō@Zdō@ZetĄZ1“@Z2ō@Z3ō@Z4ō@Z5ō@Z6ō@Z7ō@Z8ō@Z9ō@Z:ō@Z;ō@Z<ō@Z=ō@Z>ō@Z?ō@Z@ō@ZAō@ZBō@ZCō@ZDō@ZEō@ZFō@ZGō@ZHō@ZIō@ZJō@ZKō@ZLō@ZMō@ZNō@ZOō@ZPō@ZQō@ZRō@ZSō@ZTō@ZUō@ZVō@ZWō@ZXō@ZYō@ZZō@Z[ō@Z\ō@Z]ō@Z^ō@Z_ō@Z`ō@Zaō@Zbō@Zcō@Zdō@ZetĄZf“@Zgō@Zhō@Ziō@Zjō@Zkt²¤£MAJOR CHARACTERS£(Major characters are very important2to the plot and themes of a novel.FHere are the major characters in”PA Tale of Two Cities”.dSYDNEY CARTON, an Englishnlawyer‚CHARLES DARNAY, a FrenchŒaristocrat living in England ERNEST DEFARGE, a FrenchŖwine-shop keeper¾THERESE DEFARGE, his wife¢ąį"_Čą!€cą%›Ģą$¼H€²¤£MAJOR CHARACTERS£(JARVIS LORRY, an English2bankerFDR. ALEXANDRE MANETTE, aPFrench doctordLUCIE MANETTE, his daughter¢ąį& ą#@‰ą _ā€²¤£MINOR CHARACTERS£(Minor characters play a supporting2role in the story.FBut in a Dickens novel, minorPcharacters are always important.dDickens liked these supportingnplayers and used all his imagination,xhumor, and insight to create unique‚and memorable characters.€²¤£MINOR CHARACTERS£(Here are the minor characters in”2A Tale of Two Cities”.FJOHN BARSAD, a spy whose real name isPSOLOMON PROSSdROGER CLY, a spy for the Frenchngovernment‚JERRY CRUNCHER, a London messenger–MRS. CRUNCHER, his wifeŖYOUNG JERRY CRUNCHER, their son€²¤£MINOR CHARACTERS£(YOUNG LUCIE DARNAY, Lucie and2Charles' daughterFTHEOPHILE GABELLE, a tax collectorPand victim of the revolutionariesdGASPARD, a poor FrenchmanxJACQUES ONE, JACQUES TWO, JACQUES‚THREE, French revolutionaries–A MENDER OF ROADS, later a woodcutter€²¤£MINOR CHARACTERS£(MISS PROSS, Lucie Manette's maid2and companion; an EnglishwomanFMARQUIS SAINT EVREMONDE, Darnay'sPuncledMR. STRYVER, an English lawyerxTHE VENGEANCE, a female revolutionaryŒThe FORESTER'S WIFE, a French peasant€²¤£SYDNEY CARTON£(Dickens describes Carton as a2"man of good abilities and good<emotions, incapable of theirFdirected exercise, incapablePof his own help and his ownZhappiness, sensible of thedblight on him, and resigningnhimself to let it eat him away."¢ąį"õ€²¤£SYDNEY CARTON£CARTON'S CHARACTER2Carton has many faults and<many virtues. Among his faultsFare his lack of ambition,Pdrunkeness, and his untidy,Zslovenly appearance.nAmong his virtues are his loyalty,xbravery, generosity, cleverness,‚and his willingness to sacrificeŒhimself for another person's–happiness.¢ąį"õ€²¤£SYDNEY CARTON£CARTON'S MOTIVES2Lucie's happiness is the only<thing that matters to Carton.PBecause he knows that Darnay'sZdeath will destroy Lucie'sdhappiness, Carton takes Darnay'snplace in prison - and at thexguillotine.ŒHe sacrifices his life for–Lucie's happiness.¢ąį"õ€²¤£SYDNEY CARTON£CARTON AS PROTAGONIST2Carton is the protagonist,<or hero, of ”A Tale of TwoFCities” because he is the mostPimportant character in theZstory.nSydney Carton is often called axByronic hero because he resembles‚the romantic heroes in the poemsŒof Lord Byron (1788 - 1824).¢ąį"õ€²¤£SYDNEY CARTON£CARTON AS PROTAGONIST2Byron's heroes are admirable<in many ways, but they areFunconventional because theyPoften act against their ownZself interests.nByron's characters - and Byronxhimself - are romantic and‚tragic figures.–Sydney Carton's undying love for Lucie and his self-sacrificeŖat the end of the story make him“a romantic and tragic figure, too.¢ąį"õ€²¤£CHARLES DARNAY£(Unlike many Frenchmen of his2class, Darnay "had oppressed<no man" and "so far from havingFharshly exacted payment of hisPdues . . . had relinquishedZthem of his own will . . . anddearned his own bread."xHe is "a young man . . . well‚grown and well-looking . . . .Œa young gentleman." Darnay is a good person whoŖgives up the wealth and title“that are his birthright.¢ąį!A€²¤£CHARLES DARNAY£(Darnay believes that the aristocracy2has been unfair to the poor people<of France.PLater, Darnay puts his own lifeZin jeopardy by returning todFrance to testify on behalf ofnMonsieur Gabelle, his formerxemployee.ŒDarnay is an idealized, "perfect"–hero. This sentimental portrayal of Darnay sometimes makes himŖseem unrealistic.¢ąį!A€²¤£COMPARING DARNAY AND CARTON£2Charles Darnay and Sydney Carton<are foil characters.PFOILS are opposites.dThe differences between foilncharacters are important.xReaders unconsciously compare‚these characters throughout theŒstory. Although Darnay and Carton shareŖa strong physical resemblance,“great courage, and a love for¾the same woman, their differencesČfar outweigh their similarities.¢ąį!|ą"”€²¤£COMPARING DARNAY AND CARTON£2CONTRASTING CARTON AND DARNAYFAlthough Carton and Darnay lookPalike, they are really veryZdifferent.nCarton is described as "beingxcareless and slovenly if not‚debauched."–Darnay is described as "well- grown and well-looking . . . .ŖHis condition was that of a“young gentleman."¢ąį!|ą"”€²¤£COMPARING DARNAY AND CARTON£2CONTRASTING CARTON AND DARNAYFThe differences in appearancePsuggest differences in characterZas well.nCarton is self-destructive andxworldly wise.ŒDarnay is idealistic and noble. Only at the end of the storyŖdoes Carton seem to be idealistic“and noble like Darnay.¢ąį!|ą"”€²¤£DR. MANETTE£(Because of the malice of an aristo-2cratic family, Dr. Manette was<imprisoned for eighteen years inFCell One Hundred and Five, NorthPTower, the Bastille.dAfter his release, his daughter,nLucie, restores him to health.‚But when he is upset, the doctorŒforgets that he has been freed and–returns to his prison occupation of making shoes.¢ąį#č€²¤£LUCIE MANETTE£(Lucie has "a short, slight, pretty2figure, a quantity of golden hair,<a pair of blue eyes."PSydney Carton describes her as aZmere "golden-haired doll"; but heddoes not mean it, for he lovesnher himself.‚Everyone - except Madame Defarge -Œloves Lucie Manette. She has–many virtues; she is gentle, kind, loyal, and loving.“Because Lucie is idealized and¾presented without any faults,Čshe is identified as one ofŅDickens' more sentimental heroines.¢ąį ½€²¤£ERNEST DEFARGE£(Dickens describes Monsieur Defarge2as a "bull-necked, martial-looking<man of thirty."¢ąį%€²¤£ERNEST DEFARGE£DEFARGE'S BACKGROUND2Defarge owns a wine shop, but he was<once Dr. Manette's servant.PHe protects the doctor when heZis released after eighteen yearsdof secret imprisonment.¢ąį%€²¤£ERNEST DEFARGE£DEFARGE AND THE PLOTTERS2Monsieur Defarge is a secret plotter<and revolutionary.PBefore the revolution, he and theZother plotters call each other bydthe code name, "Jacques," a commonnFrench name.‚This code name gives the plottersŒa feeling of brotherhood and allows–them to keep their identities secret.¢ąį%€²¤£ERNEST DEFARGE£DEFARGE'S CHARACTER2Defarge has some impulses toward<mercy, but he is kept in check byFhis wife, Madame Defarge.ZIt is she who insists on revengedagainst the whole Saint Evremondenfamily.¢ąį%€²¤£MADAME DEFARGE£(Madame Defarge is "a stout woman . . .2with a watchful eye . . . strong<features and great composure ofFmanner."ZShe has dark hair and a "kind ofdbeauty."xMadame Defarge represents the‚violence and bloodthirstiness thatŒwere a part of the French Revolution. The only emotion she shows is aŖdesire for revenge.¢ąį$ €²¤£MADAME DEFARGE£(In the midst of great poverty and2injustice, Madame Defarge sits<quietly - in controlled fury -Fknitting the names of the guiltyPinto her "register."dOnce the revolutionaries are innpower, Madame Defarge shows noxmercy to the aristocrats - even‚those who are innocent.¢ąį$ €²¤£MADAME DEFARGE£(Madame Defarge reserves special2vengeance for the Saint Evremonde<family. The peasants killed by theFMarquis years before had been herPbrother and sister.dSince the Marquis and his brothernare both dead, she seeks revengexon Charles.¢ąį$ €²¤£MR. LORRY£(Mr. Lorry's kind nature is2indicated by his appearance:F"A face, habitually suppressedPand quieted, was still lightedZup under the quaint wig . . ."nJarvis Lorry works for Tellson'sxBank. In this capacity, and as‚a friend of the Manettes, he isŒresponsible for several twists–of the plot.ŖMost important, he reunites Lucie“and her father after Manette's¾release from prison.¢ąį&Ū€²¤£JERRY CRUNCHER£(Jerry Cruncher, bank messenger2and grave robber, adds a rare<note of humor to the story.PHe is mean to his wife, and hisZsecond profession of grave robbingdis bizarre and unsavory.xBut Jerry is a likeable character.‚He is loyal to his friends, andŒhe promises to reform at the end–of the book.”¢ąį+Ā”€²¤£JERRY CRUNCHER£CRUNCHER'S SECOND PROFESSION2Jerry Cruncher robs graves and<sells the bodies for medicalFexperiments.ZBecause of his second profession,dJerry discovers that Roger Clynis still alive; for when he digsxup Cly's coffin, there is no‚body in it.”¢ąį+Ā”€²¤£JOHN BARSAD£(John Barsad is really Solomon2Pross, Miss Pross' long-lost<brother.PSolomon took all of Miss Pross'Zmoney and ran away, leavingdEngland without telling her wherenhe was going.‚In France, Solomon calls himselfŒJohn Barsad and becomes a spy–for the French government. He testifies against Charles DarnayŖat the first trial in London.¢ąį)ļ€²¤£JOHN BARSAD£SHEEP OF THE PRISONS2When Miss Pross finds Solomon,<Sydney Carton tells her thatFher brother is "a Sheep of thePPrisons."d"Sheep" is the term used fornprison spies and secret informers.xBarsad works in the prison,‚gathering information from theŒprisoners to incriminate others. This term is ironic since BarsadŖis anything but a timid, gentle,“and harmless sheep.¢ąį)ļ€²¤£MARQUIS SAINT EVREMONDE£("He was a man of about sixty,2handsomely dressed, haughty in<manner, and with a face like aFfine mask. . . . of a transparentPpaleness . . . (with) one setZexpression on it."nThe Marquis is Darnay's uncle.‚He is a cruel person who representsŒthe worst excesses and attitudes–of the aristocracy.ŖHis behavior explains why the“French Revolution occurred.¢ąį'K€²¤£MR. STRYVER£("Mr. Stryver, a man of little2more than thirty, but looking<twenty years older than he was,Fstout, loud, red, bluff, andPfree from any drawback of delicacy,Zhad a pushing way of shoulderingdhimself . . . into companiesnand conversations . . . ."‚Mr. Stryver is the lawyer forŒwhom Carton works. He is insensitive and ambitious.“His name implies that he STRIVES¾for success.”¢ąį.蔀²¤£MR. STRYVER£MR. STRYVER AND LUCIE2Dickens ridicules Stryver's good<opinion of himself.PWhen Stryver considers proposingZto Lucie he says:n"She will have in me a man alreadyxpretty well off, and a rapidly‚rising man, and a man of someŒdistinction: it is a piece of good–fortune for her."ŖMr. Stryver can't imagine that any“woman would not be delighted to¾marry him. His unrealistic self-Čimage makes him an amusing character.”¢ąį.蔀²¤£MISS PROSS£(Miss Pross, Lucie's maid and2companion, is "a wild-looking<woman . . . all of a red colour."PAlthough she is sometimes aZhumorous character, Miss Prossdis loyal and courageous.xShe single-handedly deals with‚Madame Defarge and allows LucieŒtime to leave Paris.¢ąį*$€²¤£THE VENGEANCE£(The Vengeance is "the short,2plump wife of a starved grocer,<and the mother of two childrenFwithal" who "earns" her namePbecause of her vicious behaviorZduring the storming of the Bastille.ŒHer concern for her friend, Madame–Defarge, is the one sympathetic aspect of her personality.¢ąį,h,€²¤£THE MENDER OF ROADS£(The mender of roads is important2to the novel as a representative<of a class of rural French workers.PAt the beginning of the story,Zthis character serves the Marquisdon his country estate.xLater he moves to Paris and‚becomes a woodcutter.€²¤£THE FORESTER'S WIFE£(The forester's wife has a small2but important part in the story.FShe represents the poor villagersPwho are oppressed by the aristo-Zcracy.nHer appearance shows her despair:‚"She looked an old woman, butŒwas young. Her manner was one–of passionate grief ...."¢ąį/j€²¤£THE PARIS MOB£(The Paris mob functions as a2character in the novel, for it<seems to have a life of its own.PIts changeable nature can beZseen at Darnay's first Frenchdtrial. Its mood veers betweennsympathy and rage, but it isxalways excited, always powerful,‚and always against the aristocrats.€ĄZt“@ZutĄZv“@Zwō@Zxō@ZytĄZz“@Z{ō@Z|ō@Z}ō@Z~tĄZ“@Z€tĄZ“@Z‚ō@ZƒtĄZ„4ĄZ…4ĄZ†“@Z‡ō@Zˆō@Z‰tĄZŠ“@Z‹ō@ZŒtĄZ4ĄZŽ“@ZtĄZ“@Z‘tĄZ’4ĄZ““@Z”tĄZ•4ĄZ–4ĄZ—4ĄZ˜4ĄZ™4²¤£SUMMING UP THE BIG IDEAS£(”A Tale of Two Cities,” like all2great novels, has more than one<theme.PDickens expressed several importantZideas in this book.€²¤£SUMMING UP THE BIG IDEAS£(To summarize them briefly, here2is a list of the important themes.F1. Evil breeds evil.Z2. Love has a redeeming power.n3. Revenge must be temperedx with mercy.Œ4. Self-sacrifice is ennobling– and uplifting.Ŗ5. The more things change, the“ more they remain the same.€²¤£SUMMING UP THE BIG IDEAS£(To find out more about these2themes, see the individual<entries under WHAT ARE THE BIGFIDEAS? in the Book Scanner Menu.€²¤£EVIL BREEDS EVIL£(Evil breeds evil. This observation2is one of the important themes<in ”A Tale of Two Cities”.PBefore the revolution, the aristocratsZcommit many evil deeds.nBecause their power is almostxunlimited, they behave with‚arrogance and cruelty.¢ąį-€²¤£EVIL BREEDS EVIL£(They send their enemies to prison2without trial.FThey collect ever-increasing taxesPfrom the poor to pay for theirZextravagances.nThe revolution is a reaction againstxthese evils.¢ąį-€²¤£EVIL BREEDS EVIL£(But the revolutionaries become2so carried away with their desire<for revenge that they, too, commitFmany evils.ZThey execute not only those whodhad committed crimes against thenpoor but anyone even suspectedxof loyalty to the aristocratic‚class.–Thus, the evils of the aristocracy breed the evils of the revolutionaries.“In the end, both the aristocracy¾and the revolutionaries are toČblame for the injustices andŅviolence.¢ąį-€²¤£THE POWER OF LOVE£(The redeeming power of love is2an important theme in ”A Tale<of Two Cities.”PLucie restores her father's sanityZand prolongs his life through thedredeeming power of love.xSydney Carton's death also shows‚that love can rescue a lost soul.–Sydney Carton leads an aimless existence, drinking too muchŖand doing Stryver's work instead“of becoming a successful lawyer¾on his own.¢ąį"€²¤£THE POWER OF LOVE£(The one time Carton takes positive2action is when he gives his life<so that Charles Darnay may live.PCarton makes this noble sacrificeZbecause he loves Lucie and wantsdher to be happy.xCarton's love for Lucie redeems‚the waste and failure of hisŒlife and raises him to the role–of a romantic hero.¢ąį"€²¤£SELF-SACRIFICE£(The nobility of self-sacrifice2is an important theme in ”A Tale<of Two Cities.”PDarnay puts his own life inZdanger in order to return todFrance to help a servant.–Lucie gives up her comfortable home to be near her husband.¢ąį!pÖą ®€²¤£SELF-SACRIFICE£(Carton gives his life to save2Charles Darnay.ZMiss Pross struggles with MadamedDefarge in order to allow Lucienand her family to escape fromxFrance. These acts of self-sacrifice seemŖeven nobler when compared with“the Marquis' selfishness or¾Madame Defarge's merciless questČfor revenge.¢ąį"=”ą*zŽ€²¤£CHANGE£(An old French proverb says, "The2more things change, the more they<stay the same."PThis idea is an important themeZin ”A Tale of Two Cities.”nThe French Revolution was a violentxsocial upheaval. Its purpose was‚to change France completely, butŒmany things stayed the same.¢ąį'Ēą(±€²¤£CHANGE£(Before the revolution, people2were arrested without cause.<After the revolution, peopleFwere arrested without cause.ZBoth before and after the revolution,dpeople were imprisoned withoutntrial, held in secret, and werexafraid to speak their minds.ŒDuring the violent and unsettled–period, it sometimes seemed as if the French had exchanged oneŖunjust ruling class for another.¢ąį'Ēą(±€²¤£REVENGE£(Revenge is an important theme2in ”A Tale of Two Cities.”FMadame Defarge best symbolizesPthe terrible consequences ofZrevenge.nShe has good reason to wantxrevenge. Her brother and sister‚were killed by an aristocrat.–However, Madame Defarge wants to punish not only the guilty personŖbut all members of the Saint“Evremonde family - and every¾aristocrat in France.¢ąį$Ļ€²¤£REVENGE£(All of her actions - even her2death - are motivated by her desire<for revenge.PAlthough she has suffered terribleZinjustices, Madame Defarge isdnot portrayed as a sympatheticncharacter.‚Clearly, Dickens believed thatŒrevenge should be tempered with–mercy.¢ąį$Ļ€ĄZ­“@Z®ō@ZÆtĄZ°“@Z±ō@Z²tĄZ³“@Z“tĄZµ“@Z¶tĄZ·“@ZøtĄZ¹“@Zŗt²¤£WHAT IS A MAJOR EVENT?£(A major event is important to2the plot, themes, and development<of characters.€²¤£WHAT IS A MAJOR EVENT?£MAJOR EVENTS21. Lucie and Mr. Lorry meet<Dr. Manette who has just beenFreleased from prison. TheyPescort him back to England.‚2. At Darnay's London trial forŒespionage, Sydney Carton saves–him by pointing out their close resemblance.¢ąį#[žą!ÆYą"®?€²¤£WHAT IS A MAJOR EVENT?£MAJOR EVENTS23. Lucie Manette and Charles<Darnay marry.d4. A Paris mob captures the Bastille,nan infamous fortress-prison.–5. On his return to France to testify for an old employee, Darnay isŖarrested and put in prison.¢ąį!G˜ą Fzą,z鹁2¶ė€²¤£WHAT IS A MAJOR EVENT?£MAJOR EVENTS26. At his second French trial,< Darnay is found guilty andF sentenced to death.x7. Sydney Carton sacrifices‚ his own life to save Darnay.¢ąį-R湁"%€²¤£MAIN PLOT AND SUBPLOTS£(Most novels contain a main plot2and several subplots.FThe main plot in ”A Tale of TwoPCities ”is about a group ofZpeople living in England whodbecome involved in the FrenchnRevolution.€²¤£MAIN PLOT AND SUBPLOTS£SUBPLOTS2Some of the subplots in this story<concern the following topics:P1. Lucie's reunion with her fatherZ and their new life togethern2. Mr. Stryver's unsuccessfulx courtship of LucieŒ3. Jerry Cruncher's unsuccessful– career as a grave robberŖ4. Madame Defarge's revenge on the“ aristocracy€²¤£MAIN PLOT AND SUBPLOTS£SUBPLOTS25. Miss Pross' reunion with her< long-lost brotherP6. events leading to the murder ofZ the Marquisn7. the terrible effects of long andx unjust imprisonmentŒ8. the injustices of the French– aristocracyŖ9. the injustices of the revolution-“ aries€²¤£CLIMAXES IN THE STORY£(A CLIMAX is a high point in the2story. It marks a turning point<in the action.PThe storming of the BastilleZis the climax of the revolutionaries'dplot to overthrow the aristocracy.nOnce they take the Bastille, thexpower is in their hands.¢ąį,*€²¤£CLIMAXES IN THE STORY£(The reading of Dr. Manette's2diary at Darnay's final trial<is the climax of Madame Defarge'sFsearch for revenge. It is herPreal moment of triumph.‚Taking Darnay's place in prisonŒis the climax of Carton's struggle–to prove he is worthy of Lucie's love.¢ąį$\ßą"©&€²¤£SEQUENCE OF EVENTS£(It is easier to remember the2events of a novel if you remember<the sequence or order in whichFthey occur.€²¤£SEQUENCE OF EVENTS£(Here is the sequence of some2important events in the novel.F1. Dr. Manette is freed fromP the Bastille.‚2. Charles Darnay is tried inŒ London.¢ąį,\湁!ē€²¤£SEQUENCE OF EVENTS£(Here is the sequence of some2important events in the novel.F3. Charles and Lucie marry.x4. The French Revolution begins.¢ąį!RČą Q«ą-ˆ”€²¤£SEQUENCE OF EVENTS£OTHER IMPORTANT EVENTS2Here is the sequence of events<involving Charles' imprisonmentFin France.Z1. Charles is imprisoned in La Force.Œ2. The Manettes and Miss Pross arrive– in Paris.¢ąį2h/ą ¤ą#„eą*¤]€²¤£SEQUENCE OF EVENTS£OTHER IMPORTANT EVENTS23. Dr. Manette finds Charles in La< Force.n4. Charles is found guilty andx sentenced to die.¢ąį#FUą!Gøą-ˆØ€²¤£PREDICTING THE FUTURE£(A PREDICTION is an opinion2about what will happen in the<future.PPredictions are often basedZon facts or events that havedalready happened.xAt the end of the novel, Sydney‚Carton makes several predictions.–These predictions explain what will happen to the characters.ŖThey also bring the reader from“the sadness of Carton's death¾to the "happy ending" of Lucie'sČfuture life.€²¤£PREDICTING THE FUTURE£CARTON'S PREDICTIONS2These are Carton's predictions.F"I see Barsad and Cly, Defarge,PThe Vengeance, the Juryman, theZJudge ... perishing by thisdretributive instrument ....x"...I see a beautiful city and a‚brilliant people rising fromŒthis abyss .... "I see the lives for which IŖlay down my life, peaceful,“useful, prosperous and happy ...."¢ąį"ī€²¤£PREDICTING THE FUTURE£CARTON'S PREDICTIONS2"I see her with a child upon<her bosom, who bears my name."P"I see her father . . . restored . . .Zand at peace. I see the good olddman, so long their friend, in tennyears' time . . . passing tran-xquilly to his reward."¢ąį"ī€²¤£PREDICTING THE FUTURE£CARTON'S PREDICTIONS£2"I see her, an old woman, weeping<for me on the anniversary of thisFday . . . ."Z"I see that child . . . who boredmy name, a man winning his waynup in that path of life whichxonce was mine . . . so well,‚that my name is made illustrious . . .Œand I hear him tell his child my–story . . . ."¢ąį"ī€²¤£LOOKING BACK AND LOOKING AHEAD£(Dickens changes the chronological2order of events to create flash-<backs and glimpses into the future.PThese changes increase the dramaticZimpact of certain important eventsdin the story.€²¤£LOOKING BACK AND LOOKING AHEAD£LOOKING BACK2A flashback is a shift to a scene<from an earlier time.PThe events leading to Dr. Manette'sZimprisonment are told as a flash-dback in his prison diary.xThis technique brings the doctor's‚past to life for the reader.€²¤£LOOKING BACK AND LOOKING AHEAD£LOOKING AHEAD2When Sydney Carton stands at<the guillotine, he has a visionFof the future.ZThe predictions he makes helpdtie up the loose ends of thenplot, explain what happens toximportant characters, and provide‚a "happy ending" for the reader'sŒimagination.€ĄZĮ“@ZĀō@ZĆō@ZÄtĄZÅ“@ZĘō@ZĒtĄZČ“@ZÉtĄZŹ“@ZĖō@ZĢō@ZĶō@ZĪtĄZĻ“@ZŠō@ZŃō@ZŅtĄZÓ“@ZŌō@ZÕt²¤£DARNAY'S THREE TRIALS£(Charles Darnay is tried three2times.FTHE FIRST TRIALZThe first trial takes placedin London.xDarnay is unjustly accused‚of treason. The EnglishŒbelieve he gave information–to the French about British troops in North America.¢ąį!5€²¤£DARNAY'S THREE TRIALS£THE FIRST TRIAL2Darnay is defended by Mr. Stryver<and Sydney Carton. Lucie isFcalled as a reluctant witnessPagainst Darnay.dCarton points out the strikingnresemblance between himselfxand Darnay and shakes the‚confidence of the next witness.–Carton wins the case, and Darnay is freed.¢ąį!5€²¤£DARNAY'S THREE TRIALS£THE SECOND TRIAL2The second trial takes place<in Paris.PDarnay is arrested when heZreturns to France to help adformer employee, TheophilenGabelle. This arrest is onexof the most important events‚in the story.–Dr. Manette and Gabelle testify on Darnay's behalf. He is ac-Ŗquitted, freed, and carried“home on the shoulders of a¾cheering crowd.¢ąį!5€²¤£DARNAY'S THREE TRIALS£THE THIRD TRIAL2The third trial takes place<in Paris too.PDarnay is denounced by theZDefarges right after the seconddtrial ends.xThe key evidence is Dr. Manette's‚prison diary in which he condemnsŒall the Saint Evremondes. Ernest–Defarge supplies the diary which he secretly took from Dr. Manette'sŖcell in the Bastille.¾Darnay is found guilty and sentencedČto die at the guillotine.¢ąį!5€²¤£DETAILS ABOUT COURTS AND PRISONS£”<A Tale of Two Cities ”includesFmany details about law courts andPprisons of the late eighteenthZcentury.nTHE OLD BAILEY‚Darnay's English trial is heldŒat the Old Bailey, a famous–London law court where "dire diseases . . . came into courtŖwith the prisoners."¢ąį2ć€²¤£DETAILS ABOUT COURTS AND PRISONS£<THE BASTILLEPThe Bastille with its "deep ditch,Zand the single drawbridge, and thedmassive stone walls, and the eightngreat towers" is the most famousxprison of the French Revolution.ŒThe capture of the Bastille by a–Paris mob on July 14, 1789, marked the start of the revolution.¢ąį2ć€²¤£DETAILS ABOUT COURTS AND PRISONS£<LA FORCEPIn France, Darnay is firstZimprisoned in La Force, "adgloomy prison, dark and filthy."‚THE CONCIERGERIE–Later he is taken to the Conciergerie, with "itsŖvermin-haunted cells."¢ąį2ć€²¤£DR. MANETTE AND DARNAY IN PRISON£<Dr. Manette is imprisoned in theFBastille. He occupies himselfPby making shoes. He writes aZsecret diary and hides it.nDarnay's imprisonment is shorterxand less secret that Dr. Manette's.ŒDarnay's family knows where he is.–He can see his wife through a window, and Dr. Manette is allowedŖto visit him.¢ąį#‡ą!ŗ€²¤£THE MARQUIS FLINGS A COIN£(When the Marquis' carriage kills2a young child, he flings a gold<coin to the child's father.PThe Marquis believes the coin willZpay for the child's life.nThe accident - and the Marquis'xreaction - reveal the cruelty and‚arrogance of the aristocracy.–This incident is meant to arouse the reader's sympathy for theŖrevolutionaries.¢ąį'Y€²¤£MADAME DEFARGE'S KNITTING£(Madame Defarge knits her list of2enemies into her register.FShe includes the names of CharlesPDarnay, aristocrat, and JohnZBarsad, spy.nAlthough Sydney Carton is notxentered in Madame Defarge's‚knitting, she is indirectlyŒresponsible for his death, too.¢ąį$X€²¤£THE GORGON'S HEAD£(A Gorgon is a figure from Greek2mythology.FThe Gorgons are three sisters -PMedusa is one of them - who areZfrightening and terrible womendwith snakes for hair.xAccording to the myth, the Gorgon‚turns all who look upon her toŒstone.€²¤£THE GORGON'S HEAD£THE MARQUIS' CHATEAU2The Marquis' chateau is a massive<building made entirely of stone.P"A stony business altogether,Zwith heavy stone balustrades,dand stone urns, and stone flowers,nand stone faces of men, and stonexheads of lions, in all directions."¢ąį'k€²¤£THE GORGON'S HEAD£THE MARQUIS' CHATEAU2Dickens observes that the chateau<looks "As if the Gorgon's headFhad surveyed it, when it wasPfinished, two centuries ago."dThe cold stone - and the allusion tonthe terrible Gorgon - make thexMarquis' chateau a cruel and‚forbidding place.¢ąį'k€²¤£THE WINE CASK£("A large cask of wine had been dropped2and broken, in the street . . . .<All the people within reach hadFsuspended their business, or idleness,Pto run to the spot and drink theZwine . . . . Some men kneeled down,dmade scoops of their two handsnjoined, and sipped . . . ."‚This event shows the povertyŒof ordinary French people. They–are so poor that they are eager to lap up wine from the dirtyŖstreet.¢ąį%ż€²¤£THE WINE CASK£(The wine is as red as blood, and2one man writes the word, "BLOOD"<with it.PThe wine symbolizes blood,Zand this event foreshadows ordhints at the blood that will soonnflow in the streets of Paris.‚And the frenzy with which theŒpoor people drink the wine fore-–shadows the vengeance they will show when the revolution comes.¢ąį%ż€²¤£THE MARQUIS' CHOCOLATE£("Yes. It took four men, all four2a-blaze with gorgeous decoration,<and the Chief of them unable toFexist with fewer than two goldPwatches in his pocket ... to conductZthe happy chocolate to thedMonseigneur's lips."xThe ritual of the Marquis' chocolate‚is described with great irony andŒsatire. Dickens wanted to arouse theŖreader's sympathy for the goals“of the revolutionaries by showing¾the extravagance, waste, andČselfishness of the aristocracy.¢ąį'>€²¤£FACT AND OPINION£(Readers often have strong ideas2about the books they read.FIdeas that can be confirmed asPevents that really occurred areZFACTS.nIdeas that can't be proved arexOPINIONS.€²¤£FACT AND OPINION£(Here are some opinions about”2A Tale of Two Cities:”FMadame Defarge goes too far inPher desire for revenge.‚Darnay should not have returnedŒto France.¢ąį$[™ą!—œ€²¤£FACT AND OPINION£(Carton is right to take Darnay's2place.dDo you agree with these opinions?¢ąį"7]€ĄZÜ“@ZŻō@ZŽō@ZßtĄZą“@Zįō@ZātĄZć4ĄZä4ĄZå4ĄZę“@Zēō@ZčtĄZé“@ZźtĄZė4ĄZģ“@Zķō@Zīt²¤£OPENING AND CLOSING WORDS£(Some novels are remembered for2their opening words. Some are<remembered for their closingFwords. ”A Tale of Two Cities”Pis famous for both.€²¤£OPENING AND CLOSING WORDS£OPENING WORDS2The words that begin the novel are:F"It was the best of times, itPwas the worst of times . . . ."dThese words are a PARADOX, anstatement that seems to contradictxitself but that may be true.€²¤£OPENING AND CLOSING WORDS£OPENING WORDS2How could one time be both the<best and the worst?PThere might be both good and badZthings about it; or perhaps somedpeople thought it was the bestnof times, and others thoughtxit was the worst of times.¢ąį'ą(Žš€²¤£OPENING AND CLOSING WORDS£CLOSING WORDS2The words that end the novel<are Sydney Carton's:P"It is a far, far better thingZthat I do, than I have ever done;dit is a far, far better rest thatnI go to than I have ever known."‚These words are sad and moving.ŒSydney Carton has wasted his–life, and the only way he can redeem it is with a noble andŖheroic death.¢ąį"ŗ¦€²¤£IDENTIFYING THE SPEAKER£(The characters in this story2are unique and have their own<way of speaking.PYou can identify isolated quotesZfrom the novel by listening todthe style of speech and placingnthe quote in the context of thexstory.€²¤£IDENTIFYING THE SPEAKER£MR. LORRY2Mr. Lorry travels to France with<Lucie to find Dr. Manette. WhenFthey decide that the bewildered andPfrightened doctor should leave theZcountry, Mr. Lorry volunteers todmake the arrangements.xHe says, "That's business ... and‚if business is to be done, I hadŒbetter do it."¢ąį&Ӏ²¤£IDENTIFYING THE SPEAKER£MR. STRYVER2The ambitious Mr. Stryver has<a good opinion of himself andFis determined to get ahead inPthe world.dHe explains to Sydney Carton,n"I had to get to the front rank;xI was not born there, was I?"”¢ąį.„”€²¤£IDENTIFYING THE SPEAKER£LUCIE MANETTE DARNAY2When Charles is imprisoned in<France, Lucie makes a desperateFappeal to Madame Defarge onPCharles' behalf.dLucie says, "You will be goodnto my poor husband. You willxdo him no harm."ŒBut Madame Defarge replies coldly–and refuses to help.¢ąį 3€²¤£IDENTIFYING THE SPEAKER£MADAME DEFARGE2The scheming and unforgiving<Madame Defarge is displeasedFwith her husband who has morePcompassion for their enemiesZthan she does.nMadame Defarge reminds her husband,x"Vengeance and retribution require‚a long time; it is the rule."¢ąį$€²¤£JERRY CRUNCHER SPEAKS£(Jerry Cruncher adds a note2of humor to the book.FHe hasn't had much education,Pand his grammar is far fromZperfect, but the words he usesdexpress his feelings well.”¢ąį+ų”€²¤£JERRY CRUNCHER SPEAKS£"HONEST TRADESMAN"2Jerry Cruncher likes to call<himself "a honest tradesman."P"If I, as a honest tradesman,Zsucceed in providing a jintedof meat or two, none of yournnot touching of it, and stick-xing to bread."ŒHe may think of himself as honest,–but the description is IRONIC, or contradictory, because hisŖ"trade" is the illegal one of“selling bodies for use in medical¾research.¢”ąį+ų”€²¤£JERRY CRUNCHER SPEAKS£"FLOPPING"2Jerry asks his wife, "What do<you mean by flopping yourselfFdown . . . ."ZWhen Jerry says his wife isdFLOPPING, he means that shenis kneeling down and praying.‚FLOPPING implies a less dignifiedŒpose than KNEELING.”¢ąį+ų”€²¤£JERRY CRUNCHER SPEAKS£"FLOPPING"2Jerry uses the word FLOPPING<to show how he feels aboutFhis wife's praying.ZHe disapproves of her prayersdbecause he thinks she is prayingnthat he'll stop being a gravexrobber.”¢ąį+ų”€²¤£READING BETWEEN THE LINES£(When you "read between the2lines" you draw a conclusion<based on logical evidence.PFor example:dWhen George frowned, BrendanINFERRED that he was not happy.‚Brenda does not ”know” that GeorgeŒis unhappy, but she uses her–powers of observation and reason- ing to ”assume” that he is.€²¤£READING BETWEEN THE LINES£MISS PROSS2In the novel, readers often<must infer what Miss Pross isFfeeling from what she says.ZFor example:n"`I don't want dozens of peoplexwho are not at all worthy of‚Ladybird, to come here lookingŒafter her,' said Miss Pross. "`”Do” dozens come for that purpose?'“"`Hundreds,' said Miss Pross."¢ąį*ź€²¤£READING BETWEEN THE LINES£MISS PROSS2Readers can infer that Miss Pross<is jealous of those who admireFLucie (whom she calls Ladybird).PHer jealousy makes her exaggerateZthe number of visitors.¢ąį*ź€²¤£READING BETWEEN THE LINES£YOUNG JERRY2Another example comes from a<conversation between JerryFCruncher and his son.Z"`Father,' said Young Jerry . . .d`what's a Ressurection-Man?'"xYoung Jerry Cruncher has followed‚his father on the nightly expedi-Œtion to the graveyard and already–knows the answer to this question.ŖReaders can infer that the boy“is trying to confirm his suspicions¾that his father is a grave robber.€²¤£THE MARQUIS SPEAKS£("It is extraordinary to me ...2that you people cannot take care<of yourselves and your children.FOne or the other of you is for-Pever in the way."dThe Marquis says this after hisncarriage has run over and killedxa child in the street.¢ąį'$€²¤£THE MARQUIS SPEAKS£(The Marquis shows no sense of2guilt or remorse for this accident.FHe considers it merely anPannoyance and flings a gold coinZto the father of the dead childdbefore driving on.xThe Marquis is one of the most‚evil - and interesting - charactersŒin the story.¢ąį'$€ĄZų“@Złō@Zśō@ZūtĄZü“@Zżō@Zžō@Z’ō@ZtĄZ“@Zō@Zō@ZtĄZ“@Zō@Zō@ZtĄZ “@Z t²¤£LETHARGY£(LETHARGY means "listlessness,2sluggishness, torpor, malaise."FAntonyms (opposites) for LETHARGYPare: "energy, animation, vitality."dFor example:xAs the night wore on, his energy‚faded, and he was overcome by aŒnumbing LETHARGY.€²¤£LETHARGY£(This is Dickens' description of2Dr. Manette after he is released<from prison.P"The father . . . had graduallyZdropped to the floor, and laydthere in a lethargy, worn out."xAfter his long years of imprison-‚ment, Dr. Manette is worn out byŒthe meeting with Lucie.¢ąį#”„€²¤£REGISTER£(REGISTER means "a record or list."<For example:PThe teacher kept a list of theZstudents in his REGISTER.€²¤£REGISTER£(Madame Defarge keeps a ”REGISTER”2too.F"It would be easier . . . toPerase himself from existence,Zthan to erase . . . his name ordcrimes from the knitted registernof Madame Defarge."‚Madame Defarge is knitting aŒlist of the enemies of the Republic.€²¤£REGISTER£SOME NAMES IN THE REGISTER2Madame Defarge knits many names<into her register.nAmong the names she enters arexher sworn enemies, all the‚members of the Saint EvremondeŒfamily - including Charles Darnay.¢ąį$Hąą!¤&€²¤£REGISTER£SOME NAMES IN THE REGISTER2She also enters the name of the<hated government spy, John Barsad.¢ąį)Rē€²¤£EMIGRANT AND IMMIGRANT£(EMIGRANT means "one who has left2one's country."FFor example:ZIrish EMIGRANTS went to Canada,dthe United States, Australia,nNew Zealand, and other countries.€²¤£EMIGRANT AND IMMIGRANT£(In the novel, a revolutionary2says to Charles Darnay, "You<are a cursed emigrant."nThe revolutionaries didn't likexanyone who left France to escape‚the consequences of the revolution.–Therefore, EMIGRANT is not a flattering word when used byŖthe revolutionaries.¢ąį!I蹁(H׀²¤£EMIGRANT AND IMMIGRANT£(IMMIGRANT is a permanent settler2in a new country.FFor example:ZThe IMMIGRANTS from Southeast Asiadarrive by plane and settle in manynareas throughout the country.‚Charles Darnay is an EMIGRANT fromŒFrance and an IMMIGRANT in England.¢ąį!„n€²¤£TREPIDATION£(TREPIDATION means "fear, appre-2hension, dread."FFor example:ZThe thought of the next day'sdmath test caused Walter somenTREPIDATION.‚In the novel, Mrs. CruncherŒ"rose from her knees . . .–with trepidation."ŖMrs. Cruncher knows that Jerry“doesn't want her to pray. She¾rises with TREPIDATION becauseČshe is afraid of the husband'sŅreaction.€²¤£INCOMMODIOUS£(INCOMMODIOUS means "cramped,2crowded, uncomfortable, and<inconvenient."PAntonyms (opposites) forZINCOMMODIOUS are: "roomy anddspacious."€²¤£INCOMMODIOUS£(For example:<The large family found theFsmall apartment INCOMMODIOUS.ZHere is Dickens' descriptiondof Tellson's Bank:x"Tellson's Bank . . . was very‚small, very dark, very ugly,Œvery incommodious. The bank is crowded and cramped.€²¤£UNUSUAL WORDS£(There are many unusual and unfamiliar2words in this story. Most, but not<all, of them are French.PCHATEAU - a country home or estatedFLAMBEAU - a torchxGUILLOTINE - an instrument of‚hexecution that cuts offŒhthe victim's head MARQUIS - a noble title of rank, belowŖXa duke and above an earl“Xor count€²¤£UNUSUAL WORDS£(MONSEIGNEUR - a title of respect for2xthe nobility meaningō@Z?tĄZ@“@ZAō@ZBō@ZCō@ZDtĄZE“@ZFō@ZGō@ZHtĄZI“@ZJtĄZK4ĄZL4ĄZM“@ZNō@ZOt²¤£ABOUT CHARLES DICKENS£(Charles Dickens (1812 - 1870)2was born in Portsmouth, England.FWhen he was eleven, his father wasPsent to debtor's prison becauseZhe was too poor to pay his debts.nYoung Charles had to support thexfamily by working in a factory‚when he was only twelve.–He never forgot this experience, and his novels often describe theŖhardships of poverty and the horror“of debtor's prison.€²¤£ABOUT CHARLES DICKENS£(Eventually the family fortunes2improved, and Dickens went back to<school.PAfter working in a lawyer's officeZfor a short time, he became adreporter and then started writingnfiction.‚Dickens' novels became instantŒsuccesses, and they are still–popular with readers today.ŖHe is considered by many to be the“most popular - and the greatest¾novelist in the English language.€²¤£ABOUT CHARLES DICKENS£(Few other writers have created such2a complete world of eccentric,<hateful, humorous, or sympatheticFcharacters as Dickens has.ZHis stories of young heroes anddheroines who must make their ownnway in a wicked world are movingxand unforgettable reading‚experiences.€²¤£OTHER BOOKS BY CHARLES DICKENS£”(Great Expectations.” This is one of2Dickens' most popular and enjoyable<novels.PWho has paid for Pip's education --Zand why? Can a poor young mandmarry the wealthy woman of hisndreams? What part does an escapedxconvict play in these events?ŒMany colorful and unforgettable–characters add to the reader's enjoyment.€²¤£OTHER BOOKS BY CHARLES DICKENS£”(David Copperfield.” Dickens' own2favorite, this story is semi-<autobiographical.PYoung David is sent to London by hisZcruel stepfather. He grows up anddbecomes a great success, but he isnnot happy. After the death of hisxfirst wife, David finds the woman‚he has always loved.–This powerful novel is a devastating indictment of the abuse of childrenŖin 19th century England.€²¤£OTHER BOOKS BY CHARLES DICKENS£”(Oliver Twist.” Oliver is born in the2workhouse and apprenticed to an<undertaker.PEventually Oliver falls into theZhands of a gang of thieves led byda man called Fagin. Oliver mustnface a cruel and dangerous worldxbefore all is put right, and he‚finds a good home.–In this novel Dickens condemns the poverty of London and the inevitableŖcrime to which it leads.€²¤£OTHER BOOKS BY CHARLES DICKENS£”(Little Dorrit.” Little Dorrit is born2in debtor's prison where she lives<with her father and sisters.PNeither grim poverty nor suddenZwealth changes Little Dorrit'sdsweetness and generosity.xThis book is one of Dickens'‚strongest attacks on bureaucraticŒinefficiency and the horrors of–debtor's prison.€²¤£OTHER BOOKS BY CHARLES DICKENS£”(Bleak House.” Is Esther Summerson2really an orphan? What is Lady<Deadlock's terrible secret? AndFwho killed Mr. Tulkinghorn?ZIn this novel Dickens attacks thedinjustices of the law courts asnthe tragic suit of Jarndyce vs.xJarndyce drags on for years.ŒMany eccentric and memorable–characters enliven this story.€²¤£OTHER BOOKS BY CHARLES DICKENS£”(Hard Times.” Louisa Grandgrind2marries the vulgar Mr. Bounderby<to protect her brother.PRobbery, deceit, and romance allZplay a part in what is Dickens'dharshest indictment of the evilsnof industrialism.€ĄZW“@ZXō@ZYtĄZZ“@Z[ō@Z\ō@Z]ō@Z^ō@Z_t²¤£HISTORICAL FICTION£(Lovesey, Peter. ”Wobble to Death.”2This is an amusing mystery set<in Victorian England.PMitchell, Margaret. ”Gone WithZthe Wind. ”This long noveldabout the Civil War and itsneffect on the O'Hara familyxhas become a modern classic.ŒTwain, Mark. ”The Prince and–the Pauper. ”What happens when a sixteenth-centuryŖEnglish prince meets a pauper“who is his double? You'll¾find out when you read thisČadventure.€²¤£ADVENTURE STORIES£(Orczy, Baroness Emmuska. ”The2Scarlet Pimpernel. ”During the<French Revolution, an EnglishmanFrisks his life to save othersPfrom the guillotine. This isZan exciting adventure.nRostand, Edmund. ”Cyrano De Bergerac.”xThis is a very romantic play about‚a poet of an earlier time and hisŒhopeless love.€²¤£ADVENTURE STORIES£(Sabatini, Rafael. ”Scaramouche. ”A2soldier in the French Revolution<pretends to be an actor.PDumas, Alexandre. ”The ThreeZMusketeers. ”This historical romancedtakes place in France one hundrednyears before the revolution. Itxis based on actual events from‚the memoir of a boy who becomesŒone of the great swordfighters–of his day.€²¤£FRENCH HISTORY£(Carlyle, Thomas. ”The French2Revolution. ”This history was used<by Dickens as a reference when heFwas writing ”A Tale of Two Cities.”PIt is an interesting account ofZthe period.nLudwig, Emil. ”Napoleon. ”Thisxinteresting biography traces‚Napoleon's rise to power, hisŒreign as Emperor of France, and–his exile and death on the island of St. Helena.€²¤£FRENCH HISTORY£(Zweig, Stefan. ”Marie Antoinette.”2This is a fascinating study of one<of the most famous women in history.FThis is an account of Marie's lifePas Queen of France, her role duringZthe French Revolution, and her deathdat the guillotine.€ĄZb4ĄZc“@ZdtĄZe“@ZftŅM¬Ŗ88\28>> &Pųõį°ÓÅ”æīpæŗÆ倏ƒg>vķ‘܍RIźUĻĢG+ŠõxĀä‰u-ūĶAå_Zˆ×ķ’YÄNR©ēŖżŚą”[߅C÷[ÜdgTĆ…²@½-cójdN<H,3,3ʀu,n”)*&$c:L£±‰¼gW‹„āmņtG#µh1Š««»å;U$CI%    ·I©,ģšĄi cMµ«5|7+×ņd;/D•Ģ¹“ŗž2€÷$G%$b£ĢWeƒ“C8AÕ€ŁÖz  Ę"– bI;ęĻ(`yęĶ'?% ;Š(’†ŃN+Ž²^~ ĢŲĪXbÕ śVÄ‘^ƒ’ ’Ēė„„éT÷;ģæIŖ”X×% ¶“A‡Ä¶w€,äjŒ  ine.€ĄZ]4ĄZ^“@Z_tĄZ`“@ZatČM¬Ŗ88\28>> &Pųõį°ÓÅ”æīpæŗÆ倏ƒg>vķ‘܍RIźUĻĢG+õxĀä‰u-ūĶAå_Zˆ×ķ’YÄNR©ēŖżŚą”[߅C÷[ÜdgTĆ…²@½-cójdN<H,3u,n”)*'$c:L£±ˆ¼gW‹„āmņtG#µh1Š««»å;U$CI%    ·I©,ģšĄi cMµ«5|7+×ņd;/D•Ģ¹“ŗž2€÷$G%$b£ĢWeƒ“Z8AÕ€ŁÖz  Ę"– bI;ęĻ(`yęĶ&?% ;Š(’†ŃN+Ž²^~ ĢŲĪX[Õ śVÄ‘^ƒ’ ’Ēė„„éT÷;ģæIŖ”X×% ¶“A‡Ä¶w€,äjŒ