MPACKC00Î+%main%book&dscvr'explr(mstrÿþÿþÿþÿþÿþÿþ` ÀÊÔÞðú *4FPZdnx‚Œ– ª´¾ÈÒÜæð (2<FPZdnx‚Œ– ª¼ÆÐÚäîø (2<FPZdv€Š”ž¨²¼ÆÐÚäîø(2<FPZdn€Š”ž°ºäÀ`````fffŠ3€33€3>`<|fl0fF‰68of;00`0```0`00`Š3€3~00`~`` 0`@ 8````0000`‰00~~‰``nf>ff~fff~~f<flxxlf`````~‰cwkccfv~~nff>``|ff|<```<>ff>>ff>|``|fff0p00x x``lxlfp0000x‰fkc|ffffff>|f```>`<|~ffff>fff<‰ck>6f< x~ 0~‰30|0~``````` à€€àˆ$‚+Ù{Ägàü'È/’¢T‰10# F˜ê<Žà2j¢ÚJ‚ºFFFFFFFò4v¸ú<~œºØö2PþÿÿÿüÿÿÿàÿÿþÿÿðÿÿÀÿÿÿýÿüÿüÿðÿàÿÀ?ÿüÿ€ÿ€ÿÿÿüÿÿüÿÿÿþÿÿÿüÿÿü?ÿüÿüÿüüÿÿßüüüüüÿÿøüüüÿÿüÿÿüüüüþÿüÿüÿ€ÿ€ÿÀ?ÿü?ÿüÿðÿðÿüÿüÿüÿüÿþÿüüüüÿÿøÿÿøþÿÿøÿÿàüüüÿÿüÿÿþüüÿÿàÿÿÀÿÿÀüüÿÿàÿÿàÿÿàÿÿàüüþÿÿøüüüü|ÿÿÿàÿÿÿüþüÿðÿàÿàÿàÿÀ?ÿüÿÀÿÀÀ?ÀÀÀÀÀÀ@ÿÿÿüÕ€ÀÀÀÀ?à?à=Ýà=ÝàyÜðxøðxøðxøððpxðpxð xð xðxÕÿÿÿÿÿÿààààÿ€ÿ€ÿ€àààààÿÿÿÿÿÿÕÿàÿøÿþàà€à€àÀàÀàÀàÀàÀàÀà€à€àÿþÿøÿàÕððððððððððððððððððÕ`ðøøœœ€€?ÿÀ?ÿÀÿàpààpàpÕÿðÿüÿþàà€à€àÿþÿüÿþàà€à€à€à€ÿÿÿþÿøÕ?€ÿ€ÿ€€€øÿ?€ÀÀÀÀÀÿÀÿ€þÕþþþ?xpààààààpx?þþþþÿÿüÿÿü?ÿÿüÿÿüÿÿÿüÿÿÿüÿ€ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ€ÿÿÿüÿÿÿüÿÿü?ÿÿüÿÿüÿÿüþÿÿÿÿÿÿÀÿÿÿðÿÿÿøÿÿÿüÿÿÿüÿ€?üÿ€üÿ€üÿ€?üÿ€øÿÿÿðÿÿÿÀÿÿøþÿÿÿÀÿÿÿðÿÿÿøÿ€?üÿ€üÿ€üÿ€üÿ€üÿÿÿüÿÿÿøÿÿÿðÿÿÿàÿÿÿ€ÿÿüþÿÿüÿÿü?ÿÿüÿÿüÿÿÿüÿÿÿüÿ€ÿÿÿ€ÿÿÿ€ÿÿÿðÿÿüÿÿüþ?ÿÿüÿÿüÿÿüÿÿüüüüüÿÿÿüÿÿÿøÿÿÿøÿÿÿðÿÿÿàÿÿÿ€ðÿðàààÿàðpppppÿðÿààÿðððàpàpàpàpàpàpàpàpððÿðàÿ€ÿ€àààÿ€ÿ€ààààààà?ø?ø€€€€€€€€€€€€à8à8à8à8à8â8â8ç8ç8g0wp}ðxð0`€€9À9À9ÀpàpààÿðàpàpàpÿÀÿààðàpàpàðÿàÿÀáÀàààààààààp?à?à888?à?à88888?à?à À\À\ À#3p 4 ÐYAB!8(2fG à[ A:DB~2f ¢²àá –àá!–8àá"¯àá#¯8àá$Èàá%È8àá&›`àá'›xàá(›Œàá)›˜àá)´Œàá*›¨àá*´pàá+´`àá,´€àá,´¨àá-´œ¤4€ÀÚ¤FÀÚ¤5TÀÚ¤FÔÀÚàá5*ààá6>ààá7+àá8?àá9+0àá:?0àá;Wààá<Wðàá=Xàá>Xàá?Xàá@X(àáAX8àáBXD¤£¢x€and¤£¡æStand by€²¤£THE NOVEL APPROACH£. . . computer games inspired by2the classics of modern literature . . .P`presents£¡n0THE CALL OF‚8THE WILDªh£¡byÈ0Jack London£¡æStand by€²¤£Help is available.£<Do you need operating instructions?d8A. Yesx8B. No £Press ¡ESC¡ to return to the MainªMenu ¡at any point¡ during the game.¡ÈxSelect Item€²¤£You can play the game as a(A. DISCOVERERFB. EXPLORERdC. MASTER£(p- if you have not read2p the bookFp- if you know somethingPp about the bookdp- if you have readnp the bookŒ£or you can use the´D. BOOK SCANNER£´x- to learn about the¾x book£¡ÜxEnter your choice.€ À[ A:F2f Ò[ 4A:B2fÒZ´@Zô@ZtÂZ4âZ´@Zô@Zô@ZtÂZ4ÂZ´@Zô@Zô@Zô@Zô@ZtÂZ´@Zô@Zô@Z ô@Z!t ÀZ"´@Z#ô@Z$t²¤ HELP Section(What Would You Like To Know?<A. What is in The Novel Approach?FB. How do I get started?PC. How do I play as a Discoverer?ZD. How do I play as an Explorer?dE. How do I play as a Master?nF. How do I use the Book Scanner?ŒPress ¡ESC¡ to return to the Main–Menu ¡at any point¡ in the instructions.€²¤(WHAT IS IN THE NOVEL APPROACH?<A. three different gamesFB. the Book Scanner€²¤THREE DIFFERENT GAMESDISCOVERER Game(You ¡do not have to know¡ the story2to play this game.FThis game has no right or wrongPanswers. Each response leads youZin a new direction so you can playdthe game many times.xYou'll discover a lot about yourself‚and the adventures waiting for you inŒthe book.€²¤EXPLORER Game(Choose this game if you have read the2book . . .F or are reading the book . . .Z or have used the Book Scanner.nYou earn points for every rightxanswer. If you play against the‚clock, you earn higher scores.€²¤MASTER Game(Play this game if you have read the2book . . .F and know it WELL . . .Z and/or know the Book ScannerdWELL.xRight answers in this game earn‚higher scores. Play against the clockŒfor a maximum score.€²¤THE BOOK SCANNER(The Book Scanner is a great source2of information about the book.FIt contains background material asPwell as specific answers to EXPLORERZand MASTER game questions.€²¤HOW DO I PLAY AS A DISCOVERER?(Discover your own thoughts and2feelings as you put yourself in<the story and join Buck in hisFstruggle for survival.ZThere are no right or wrongdanswers. Each choice you makenwill lead you down a differentxpath of questions and options.ŒAs you play this game, you learn–about the story.€²¤HOW DO I GET STARTED?(After you have booted the disk,2follow the instructions on the<screen.PYour playing options will beZdisplayed at the bottom of everydscreen.€²¤¡Playing Options¡(1. £¡?£¡(HAt any point in the game,2Hyou can press this key for(H(Menu) returns you to the2Hprevious Menu.F5. ESCFH(Escape) returns to the MainPHMenu. You can use this key¡ZHat any point¡ while playingdHthe games or using the BooknHScanner.‚6. DEL‚H(Delete) allows you toŒHchange your answer before–Hpressing the RETURN key.€²¤(Most of the time the screens advance2automatically in all three fast-paced<games.€²¤HOW DO I PLAY AS AN EXPLORER?(Play this game if you know the2story or have reviewed the Book<Scanner.PEach game consists of fiveZquestions.nYou can choose questions fromxone of three categories:Œ Characters– Action and Setting  Ideas€²¤Playing Options(You can play . . .< aloneP against an opponentd against the clock - forn the highest score‚If you play against the clock,Œyou will have four minutes to–complete the five question game.ªAnswer each question as quickly as´you can. The shortest time earns¾the highest score.€²¤Each right answer is worth ( 100 points - untimed< 200 points maximum - timedxH¡UNTIMEDx TIMED¡ŒEXPLORERŒH100/quest.Œ 200 max/quest. LEVEL H500 max.  1000 max.€²¤Keeping Track of Your Score(Your score is automatically2recorded.FAfter you answer each question, aPrunning total is posted at the topZof the screen.nYou will always know how well you'rexdoing!€²¤High scorers will see anexciting scene from the story.€²¤What Are The Trouble Spots?(In the EXPLORER and MASTER Games your2errors are identified as Trouble<Spots and stored in memory while youFplay.ZImmediate help is available!nYou can use the Book Scanner toxcorrect your Trouble Spots. If you‚select the Trouble Spotter option,Œthe correct answers will be right–there ¡automatically¡ for your review.€²¤HOW DO I PLAY AS A MASTER?(Play this game when you are ready2for the most challenging exploration<of the book and its themes.PEach game consists of 10 questionsZrandomly drawn from the Masterdfile.€²¤Playing Options(You can play . . .< aloneP against an opponentd against the clock - forn the maximum score‚If you play against the clock,Œyou have 20-75 seconds to answer–a question. (More time is  allotted for longer questions.)€²¤You earn points for right answersand lose points for wrong answers.2Each right answer is worth F 500 points - untimed modeZ 1,000 points maximum - timed modex@¡UNTIMEDx TIMED¡ŒMASTERŒ@500/quest.Œ 1,000 max/quest. LEVEL @5,000 max.  10,000 max.€²¤(High scorers will see a scene from2the exciting conclusion of the<story.€²¤What Are The Trouble Spots?(In the EXPLORER and MASTER Games your2errors are identified as Trouble<Spots and stored in memory while youFplay.ZImmediate help is available!nYou can use the Book Scanner toxcorrect your Trouble Spots. If you‚select the Trouble Spotter option,Œthe correct answers will be right–there ¡automatically¡ for your review.€²¤HOW DO I USE THE BOOK SCANNER?(The Book Scanner is a complete file2of information about ¡The Call of<The Wild¡. You can use the BookFScanner in two ways: choose theP¡Trouble Spotter¡ or ¡Browser¡ option.€²¤TROUBLE SPOTTER(The Trouble Spotter calls up2information on your Trouble<Spots - AUTOMATICALLY.PThe Book Scanner providesZspecific information - anddthe answers you need.xTo use the Trouble Spotter:Œ 1. do ¡not¡ turn off your computer– 2. choose the Trouble Spotter  option€²¤BROWSER(The Browser allows you to2access any information on the<Book Scanner.PThe Browser does not have to beZused immediately after playingdthe games. It is always available.xUse the Book Scanner Menu to‚select items of interest to youŒand "browse" at your own pace.€²£SWITCHING DISKS£PInsert the other disk to useZthe Book Scanner.nPress the RETURN Key when done.€²£SWITCHING DISKS£PInsert the other disk to playZthe Discoverer Game.nPress the RETURN Key when done.€²£SWITCHING DISKS£PInsert the other disk to playZthe Explorer Game.nPress the RETURN Key when done.€²£SWITCHING DISKS£PInsert the other disk to playZthe Master Game.nPress the RETURN Key when done.€P7Xøpu&ÄÁ2¸_\N÷Ê\¹;?`aÄÚDÜ#WíA)osqoMPACKC00%‘ÿþ)ÿþÿþÿþÿþÿþÀZ” À[AB2fÒk „A:Z B˜Âk „A:Z B˜@@Àk „A:Z @€ à[AB2fBrBr B|B~B‚BxÀ B–ÿÿA( 2– #$%& `B ÿ  À[ A:C2fB~ ÀZÿÿ ”@G ÂZÿÿ ”@B~H²¤£¡The Call of the Wild¡ is the storyof Buck's survival in the Klondike(territory and his return to freedom.<Your answers in this game canFhelp Buck run free with thePwolves.dCan you master the Arctic andnhelp Buck answer the call?€²¤£ Enter the number of players in( the game.PHA. OnedHB. Two£¡ÈxSelect Item€²¤£ Enter the name of the player.¤¡<0³ ´¡d Press RETURN€²¤£ Enter the name of the ¡first¡ player.¤¡20³ ´¡P Press RETURN€£¡n Enter the name of the ¡second¡‚ player.¤¡ 0³ ´¡¾ Press RETURN€²¤£%s „( Do you want to play against the< clock?dHA. YesxHB. No£¡ÜxSelect Play€²¤£%s „(Nice try! Survival isn't easy in<the Arctic, but don't give up.dGood luck the next time.ØÑ€€($$€²¤£%s „(Well done! You've come a long way.<Can you hear the call of the wild?dCome back and play again soon.ØÑ€€($$€²¤£%s „(Terrific! You're now a seasoned<veteran of the Northland.dThe wild is calling. Play again soon.ØÑ€€($$€²¤£%s „(Congratulations! You are master<of the game.dAnd Buck is free.ØÑ€€($$€²¤£( Would you like toP A. use the Book Scanner tod@find out more about ¡The Callx@of the Wild?¡Œ B. play another game?  C. return to the Main Menu?€S ¦¦¦¦¦Òø6P[›é)o£ iå#5‹á%wó,f«éûHšð¦F¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦W‘õI»¦¦¦¦¦¦ÉRœ¦¦¦¦¦¦¦˜Õ?€ÿàÿðÿðÿøÿøÿøÿøÿðÿðÿà?€ þ€ÀÿðÿüÿüÿÿÿÿÿøÿðÿÕ€€€ÀÀÀÀ àð:üî àÐ5è´9üóÀð°Õøý< €€€€€  P°8pØ à üû€¼À0›Œóc¦ =xü À` þÿÿÿüÿÿüÿÿüÿÿüÿÿü?ÿüÿüÿüÿüü?üüüüü|  àÿÿÿøÿÿ?ÿÿÿ xøøÿøÿøÿøÿøÿøÿø àÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ððÿðÿðÿðÿðÿðÿðÿðÿðàÿÿÀÿÿþÿÿÿ€ÿÿÿøÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ€àþÿøà€ÀÀÀ ÀÀ1À1À1ñbÞxÇ;x€À€<8<ðà8ȈÀÀ`0ÐÓ€ À` €/€,!àT( d‘€ƒ¦¤TT€€€ Ôàp €€ à?àà€ýðÀ8ü8`Àÿÿÿ€08ðH€xÀ Õ00 pPqu|áÁ±€ À 0ˆ†cÀ0ðø€À`<ÏÀƒÀà`àÕøÀ(000 0 ` 0 ` 0 0#4p`ÕpàÀ€ 0àÀx`0€!&nLÌÌŽÏÿÕ@ø€€€€8àx`p0p0p0 0À` þ|Èpÿ?øqà<ÇÀ >0ÐÇ @@@0A?àà0ÀpX-äø7Œt㸨pðh00 `@€Àp°xx`À BBA@@@ˆ€£¶œ¸ð ×ÿê€pÿà*øÀ àÿÿþ>À àÀ zà€ àø€àà€ø<ø7À8 qø€þÿ À~¸°€€€€€Õ00 pPqu|áÁ±€ À 0ˆ†cÀ0ðø€À`<ÏÀƒÀà`àÕ@ @ø€€€€8àx`p0p0p0 0À` þ|Èpÿ?øqà<ÇÀ >0ÐÇ @@@0A?ÕpàÀ€ 0àÀx`0€!&nLÌÌŽÏÿÕ8À€ 0 À €@@€ @A€Ã‚‚œðÀà?áà ð <àp€ü?à€€€€`ððð0À0`ðpàà€lþ  ,@ð@€PÀD€“À/B7€gƇ @#r "2‚" ¹ÐZ ”@7 "2‚"qÐZ ”@7 "2‚"#)ÐZ ”@7 ! "2‚"ÝÐZ ”@7 "2‚" ¹ÐZ ”@7 "2‚"•ÐZ ”@7 àZ ” @#0¼  B¾ÿÿÀ BÀÿÿ BÂÿÿÄ BÄÿÿÆ BÆÿÿ‚ B Ð ä B ä ø B ø  B   B  „!Bÿÿ"¾¼ ÿÿ‚B ÿÿ"м  „B¼ÿÿ¼ `H2@B B B B àZ”@"ôÐZ”²¤£%s „(You've done very well!<Would you like to see a scene fromPthe story?n@A. Yes‚@B. No€²¤¢£ZSOUNDING THE CALLn"... [H]e may still be seen runningxat the head of the pack through the‚pale moonlight or glimmering borealis."€¢²¤ŒÀK‹¤ÀK´¤7ŒÀ2‹¤7À2´¤<À-¤M€À2Z¤.À2¤NdÀ23¤PpÀ2Z¤d4À2´¤€Àd´¤v Àd‹¤ÈŒÀ'K¤ÈÀ't¤ŒÀK´¤PÀG¤iàÀ ·àá$"+ àá%A£àá%Aûàá%A(HP¸¤£-]>䤣)Yàá*"4¤MĤ£+[d¤£+[+>¤£,\s¤£,\-¤£,\àá&?8à&PPà&ZDà&Rðà&D à&D à&FØà&Nxà&sà&nà&fœà&fàà&aøà&7¬à'X à'ZŒà'kðà'fÐà'sDà']Xà'gxà(XHà(_„à(p°à(RŒà(H´à(F(à(P,à(F8à(Fôà(=à(5Œà(D€\¤£.^™d¤£/_Œ°¤£0`àá1²`àá2Ë`àá3$àá4¯˜àá5·Làá6²,˜Ô¤£7g±Ø¤£8h (¤£9i§„¤£:jàá;»Ôàá<ÏÔàá=¹@àá>» àá?¶àá@ ¤ (À ‡âñ%òóŸB €@ùÿÿؤ£¢€\.^¤£¢™d/¤_¤£¢‚ÛBr˜*CÑ€€($$Ø2¤£¢˜Ô7g¤£¢±Ø8¤h¤£¢‰ÐBrŸCÑ€€($$€²¤£%s „, when you're READY<press the RETURN key.€²£Last 5 Scores in the MASTER GAME(GAME(0NAME(¸SCOREF1F0%s ÐF¸99,99zÿÿ¾è(4¼ d2d0%s äd¸99,99zÿÿÀè(4¼ ‚3‚0%s ø‚¸99,99zÿÿÂè(4¼  4 0%s   ¸99,99zÿÿÄè(4¼ ¾5¾0%s  ¾¸99,99zÿÿÆ€²£Last 5 Scores in the EXPLORER GAME(GAME(0NAME(¸SCOREF1F0%s F¸99,99zÿÿöè(4ô d2d0%s d¸99,99zÿÿøè(4ô ‚3‚0%s 0‚¸99,99zÿÿúè(4ô  4 0%s D ¸99,99zÿÿüè(4ô ¾5¾0%s X¾¸99,99zÿÿþ€²¤ DID YOU KNOW?Jack London had an adventurous life.2Born in San Francisco, he spent<time as a sailor, a gold prospector,Fa hobo, and even a pirate!ZEventually he became a writer anddfinished many great adventurenstories before his early death.‚You can find out more about JackŒLondon in the Book Scanner.€²¤ DID YOU KNOW?Now that you have finished ¡The Call(of the Wild¡, you may want to read2other books by Jack London.¡FWhite Fang¡ is about a fierce, wildPdog that becomes a trusted companionZof humans. It's a reversal of Buck'sdstory.xThe Book Scanner has many other good‚books by Jack London.€²¤ DID YOU KNOW?If you like adventure stories, you(may want to read one of these.<Richard E. Byrd's ¡Alone¡ is a trueFstory of Antarctic adventure, toldPby the man who lived it.d¡Island of the Blue Dolphins¡, bynScott O'Dell, is also based on axtrue incident. It is a gripping‚tale of survival against great odds.€²¤ DID YOU KNOW?What will Buck's life be like once(he is free and wild?<What adventures will he have withFthe wolf pack?ZWhat sort of leader will he be?nWhat dangers will he face?‚Jack London never wrote a sequelŒto ¡The Call of the Wild¡. Do you think you could invent one?ªBe creative and try.€²¤£ %s „Oh oh! The sky is turning dark(gray. There's the smell of snow2in the air.FBuck has run into a terriblePstorm. The temperature willZdrop to a dangerous low.nSurvival isn't easy in the Klondike.‚You lose ¡50 points.¡â!ñ*òóoO@P/€_Ÿðÿâ!(ñ*òó_O@P/€_Ÿðÿâ!Pñ*òóoO@P/€_Ÿðÿâ!xñ*òó_O@ P/€_Ÿðÿ€²¤£ %s „£xYOUR SCORE IS NOW 99,99zÿÿ‚£€²¤£ %s „Watch out - thin ice!2Buck has come upon a patch of<thin ice. Now he'll have to swimFto shore in frigid water. WillPhe make it?dThere are many hidden dangers innthe Northland.‚You lose ¡100 points.¡€²¤£ %s „£xYOUR SCORE IS NOW 99,99zÿÿ‚£€²¤£ %s „Look, a large deer by the trees!2Buck chases the deer and gets<his prey! There will be enoughFto eat for many days.ZOnly the fittest survive in thedKlondike.xYou get a bonus of ¡50 points.¡€²¤£ %s „£xYOUR SCORE IS NOW 99,99zÿÿ‚£€²¤£ %s „Ah! Doesn't that sun feel good?2Buck has good weather just<when he needs it -- to crossFa mountain ridge.ZIn the Klondike, survivalddepends on a little good luck.xYou get a bonus of ¡100 points.¡€²¤£ %s „£xYOUR SCORE IS NOW 99,99zÿÿ‚£€ @B!ÿA4H2!ÒZ€ @#5‚ 2B‚!B‚ÿÿ‚ 2àZ€ÂZ€ @#5‚ dB‚!B‚ÿÿ‚ dàZ€ÂZ€@B‚ÿÿ‚ 2ÀZ€ÂZ €@B‚ÿÿ‚ dÀZ!€@"˜ÐZœ`BB" "0 "|"@"@B   h2 –"ÒC'DFIGHTING LIKE WOLVESîÂC,DTO FAWN#ÂC1DBUCK'S HUMAN EMOTIONS³&ÂC6BTHE LAW OF CLUB AND FANG>&ÂC”;2<>><>><SPITZ - THE RIVALq'ÂC4>KCABDBUCK'S HUMAN TEACHERSs ÂC”A2<<>><BUCK AND JOHNf#ÂCDCBUCK ANSWERS THE CALLm)ÂCTI-ILLIILINSTINCT AND TRAINING”*ÂCLBCIVILIZATION'S GREATEST EVILÍ `"0x Ð[AB "0f ÐZ”ÀZ”`Bx `"2| À B–ÿÿA( 2– G$%&  @"˜ÐZœ`BB" "0 "|"@"@B    h2 – (ÒCQDTHE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY¢'ÂCVACIVILIZATION VS. THE WILDœ"ÂC[CBUCK'S SELF-RELIANCE·*ÂCt`(KKRRKRPRIDE AND INDEPENDENCEº'ÂCcCTHE EVILS OF CIVILIZATIONÌ'ÂChBBUCK CONTROLS HIS DESTINYÎÂCmDA BULLY'S REWARDÏ#ÂCrCSTRENGTH AND HEREDITYÛ*ÂCwASTRENGTH, LOVE, AND DEVOTIONb$ÂC|BTHE REWARD OF THE WILDá `"0x Ð[AB "0f ÐZ”ÀZ”`Bx `"2| À B–ÿÿA( 2– #G%&  @"˜ÐZœ`BB" "0 "|"@"@B    h2 – $ÒCABUCK WAS THE EXCEPTIONóÂC†DSARCASMôÂC‹BTHE AUTHOR'S TONEö#ÂCCTHE VOICE OF THE WOLF÷.ÂC•DPERSONIFICATION: "THE EARTH ATE"ÂCšCPARALLELS-ÂCŸACHOOSING A TITLE.'ÂC¤DSYMBOLISM: AN ACT OF LOVE/(ÂC4©KCADBECHARACTERS AS SYMBOLS0"ÂC¬CTHE ROLE OF MORALITYD `"0x Ð[AB "0f ÐZ”ÀZ”`Bx `"2| À B–ÿÿA( 2– #$G&  @"˜ÐZœ`BB" "0 "|"@"@B    h2 – &ÒC±ATHE BEST OF CIVILIZATIONH,ÂC¶BLONDON'S NATURALIST PHILOSOPHYL-ÂC»CTHE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SETTING 'ÂCtÀ(KRRKKRBUCK'S ACHIEVEMENTSA(ÂCÃASIMILE: "VOICE LIKE SHOCK"ÂCÈCQUARRY ÂCÍDGAUNT ÂCÒAADORATION (ÂC×CMETAPHOR: "A WIND BIT HIM"ÂCÜBCHIVALROUS `"0x Ð[AB "0f ÐZ”ÀZ”`Bx `"2| À B–ÿÿA( 2– #$%G  ²¤ Curly is attacked by an experiencedhusky who fights like a wolf.("Thirty or forty huskies ...2surrounded the combatants in an<intent and silent circle."PThe quotation suggests thatdA. Buck knows how the wolves fight.nB. Curly can defeat the husky.xC. most dogs fight like wolves.‚D. the loser will die.€²¤´Sorry. The quotation does not¾suggest that Buck knows about this.ÈIn fact, this kind of fighting isÒnew to him.€²¤´Sorry. The quotation does not¾really indicate which dog will win.€²¤´Sorry. Curly would not have been¾taken by surprise if all dogs foughtÈlike wolves.€²¤´The huskies are intent and silent¾because they will kill the loser. InÈthe wild, only the strong and fitÒsurvive.€²¤ When he is with the man in the redsweater, Buck sees "beaten dogs thatfawned upon the man."2What is the meaning of ¡fawned upon¡?FA. attacked.PB. behaved viciously.ZC. showed secret hostility.dD. became cringing and submissive.€²¤´Sorry. To ¡fawn upon¡ someone does not¾mean to attack that person.€²¤´Sorry. To ¡fawn upon¡ someone does not¾mean to behave viciously.€²¤´Sorry. ¡Fawning¡ actions do not show¾hostility.€²¤´To ¡fawn upon¡ someone is to cringe, to¾submit utterly to that person.ÈMost people find fawning behaviorÒunpleasant.€²¤ Buck hunts and kills a moose primarilybecause he is(A. very hungry.2B. hostile to wild animals.<C. protective of his master.FD. eager to test himself.€²¤´Sorry. Although Buck ¡does¡ kill for¾food, hunger alone would not makeÈhim hunt such a dangerous animal.€²¤´Sorry. Buck is not instinctively¾hostile to wild animals. He does notÈhate the moose.€²¤´Sorry. The moose is no real threat¾to John.€²¤´Buck wants to test himself against¾"more formidable quarry." KillingÈthe moose is a test of his strength,Òcunning, and ability.€²¤ Buck learns "the law of club andfang."(This expression means that<A. clubs and fangs are not neededF in civilization.PB. only the fittest will survive.ZC. men join clubs, and animals rund together in packs.nD. men and dogs hate each other andx will always fight.€²¤´Sorry. This may be true, but it is¾not what London believes is aÈ"law" in the Yukon.€²¤´According to the "law" of the wilder-¾ness, only the strongest, fiercest,Èand fittest will survive.€²¤´Sorry. London is referring to a¾different type of club.€²¤´Sorry. Men and dogs rarely¾fight each other in the story.€²¤ Use the left and right arrow keys to list the terms associated withBuck and Spitz ¡early in the story¡.2BUCK2ˆSPITZF³ ´Fˆ³ ´P@³ ´PP³newcomer´ZP³wolf-fighter´dP³dog team leader´nP³imaginative´xP³"a devil"´‚P³sly and cunning´ŒP³ "two devils"´€²¤´Sorry. Remember, think about the¾dogs at the ¡beginning¡ of the book.€²¤´Buck, a newcomer, has something¾the wolf-fighter Spitz lacks:Èimagination. If Spitz is a devil,ÒBuck is "two devils."€²¤ Match Buck's owners with the lessonshe learns from each of them.#A. dog trainer in Seattle-B. Perrault7C. Charles, Hal, MercedesAD. John ThorntonP1. Human masters can be cruelZ because they are ignorant.d2. Dogs must obey the superiorn mind and strength of humans.x3. Discipline unifies a team of‚ dogs.Œ4. A human master can be loving– and good.€²¤´Sorry. You have to look at the humans¾from Buck's point of view.€²¤´Yes! Buck learns something from¾each person. His intelligence helpsÈhim survive.€²¤ Use the left and right arrow keysto describe Buck and John.2BUCK2ˆJOHNF³ ´Fˆ³ ´P@³ ´PP³unusually strong´ZP³a primitive spirit´dP³eager for gain´nP³chose to go North´xP³fittest to survive´€²¤´Sorry. You need to find more¾information about these twoÈcharacters.€²¤´You're right!€²¤ The "call of the wild" that hauntsBuck comes from(A. a wild wolf.2B. the Yeehat Indians.<C. inside Buck.FD. Perrault's dog team.€²¤´Sorry. Although Buck hears the wild¾and primitive life in the call of theÈwolves, the true call comes fromÒanother source.€²¤´Sorry. The Yeehats do not attract¾Buck to their way of life. They doÈnot sound the call.€²¤´Buck's subconscious, with its dim¾memories of a primitive time, reallyÈsounds the call that lures him intoÒthe wilderness.€²¤´Sorry. Perrault's dog team is¾savage in some ways, but it couldÈnot really be called a "wild" groupÒof dogs.€²¤ Buck's behavior is based both oninstinct and learning.(Press I if Buck's behavior is2INSTINCTIVE.FPress L if it is LEARNED.Z³ ´Z³desire to kill´d³obedience to men´n³loyalty to John´x³cunning at hunting´‚³leader of the wolf pack´Œ³understanding the trail´€²¤´Sorry. Buck's wild behavior is¾instinctive. His civilizedÈbehavior is the result of learning.€²¤´Yes! When Buck becomes a wild¾animal, he must discard hisÈcivilized behavior and follow hisÒinstincts.€²¤ London suggests that humans --even John -- share one greatweakness of civilization.2What is that weakness?FA. softnessPB. greedZC. a desire to killdD. superstition€²¤´Sorry. John is a seasoned¾prospector. He may have been softÈand pampered once, but he is notÒthat way now.€²¤´John, like almost all the other humans¾in the story, is greedy for wealth.ÈHe dies while searching for the richesÒof the Lost Cabin mine.€²¤´Sorry. John can and does kill for¾food, but he does not indulge inÈsenseless killing for its own sake.€²¤´Sorry. Many of the characters --¾including John -- are notÈsuperstitious.€²¤ This story shows thatA. cooperation is more important( than individual strength.2B. individual strength is more< important than cooperation.FC. neither cooperation norP individual strength isZ important.dD. cooperation is more importantn in civilization; individualx strength is more important in‚ the wild.€²¤´Sorry. Both are important in this¾story. Jack London does notÈsuggest that one is more importantÒthan the other.€²¤´Sorry. Both are important in this¾story. Jack London does notÈsuggest that one is more importantÒthan the other.€²¤´Sorry. Both of these attributes¾are very important in the book.€²¤´London admires the individualist who¾is strong and can survive in the wild,Èbut he recognizes the importance ofÒcooperation in civilization.€²¤ This story suggests that the bestpart of civilized life is/are(A. feelings of love and devotion.2B. language and the ability to< communicate.FC. honest competition.PD. technology, art, and science.€²¤´The highest feelings Buck shows are¾love, loyalty, and devotion. TheseÈfeelings are the greatest contributionÒof civilization.€²¤´Sorry. Although language is¾undoubtedly important, Buck andÈJohn communicate well without it.€²¤´Sorry. In this story competition is¾more necessary in the wild than itÈis in civilization.€²¤´Sorry. Although these are important¾aspects of civilization in this story,ÈJohn shares something more importantÒwith Buck.€²¤ The ¡first¡ time Buck shows he is fitand can hope to survive in the Northis when he2A. participates in a record dog< sled run.FB. first experiences snow.PC. learns to steal food.ZD. kills a bull moose.€²¤´Sorry. The dog sled run depends on¾teamwork, not individual fitness.€²¤´Sorry. Buck is puzzled by the snow,¾but this encounter does not demon-Èstrate his fitness.€²¤´When Buck learns to discard his¾civilized behavior and steal foodÈfrom his master, he begins to showÒthat he can adapt to the wild.€²¤´Sorry. This event occurs late in¾the book when Buck's fitness hasÈbeen well established.€²¤ At the end of the book, Buck feels"a pride greater than any he had yetexperienced."2Press K to KEEP the reasons for his<pride.PPress R to REMOVE the others.d³ ´d³Buck has killed humans.´n³He has learned to survive alone.´x³He has become a trained sled dog.´‚³He has saved John's life.´Œ³He is free and wild.´–³He sets a speed record.´€²¤´Sorry. You need more information.¾The Book Scanner will help.€²¤´Yes! Buck takes pride in his own¾adaptation to the wild. His civilizedÈachievements are forgotten.€²¤ Many events show that civilizationor society is corrupt.(The ¡most significant¡ one is<A. Manuel's theft of Buck.FB. the overloaded sled ofP Mercedes, Hal, and Charles.ZC. John's greed for the Lostd Cabin gold.nD. the brutality of the man inx the red sweater.€²¤´Sorry. Manuel's theft is not the¾¡most¡ significant event in theÈstory.€²¤´Sorry. The overloaded sled is a¾product of foolish ignorance, notÈcorruption.€²¤´Even a good person like John is¾tempted by riches. The humanÈcharacters in this story areÒusually greedy, and their societyÜis corrupt.€²¤´Sorry. The man in the red sweater¾is an example of individualÈbrutality, not the corruption ofÒsociety.€²¤ What event shows that Buck has becomefully wild, independent, and free?(A. the death of John2B. Buck singing "the song of the< pack" as he leads the wolvesFC. Buck killing a large, dangerousP mooseZD. Buck's dreams of a savage, hairyd man from the dawn of time€²¤´Sorry. Buck's devotion to John¾endures even after John's death.ÈThis event does not show that BuckÒis completely wild.€²¤´Buck "sings the song of the pack"¾as he leads the wolves. He isÈjust like any other free and wildÒanimal.€²¤´Sorry. This shows that Buck can¾kill his own food, not that heÈis free and wild.€²¤´Sorry. These dreams ¡hint¡ at¾Buck's past as well as his future.ÈAnother event shows his freedomÒmore clearly.€²¤ Although he has never hurt a humanbefore, Buck attacks a man calledBlack Burton.2This event is important because<it demonstratesPA. the call of the wild.ZB. the law of club and fang.dC. the limits of Buck's endurance.nD. Buck's devotion to John.€²¤´Sorry. The call of the wild makes¾Buck do something very different.€²¤´Sorry. Buck breaks this "law" when¾he attacks a man.€²¤´Sorry. Burton has not beaten¾or mistreated the dog.€²¤´Buck attacks Burton to defend John.¾Buck's loyalty makes him famousÈthroughout the Klondike.€²¤ London says "the old tricks" ofwolves come to Buck "without effortor discovery, as though they had(been his always."<Why does this happen?PA. Buck is well trained.ZB. Buck can communicate with wolves.dC. Buck inherited primitive instincts.nD. Buck is a keen observer.€²¤´Sorry. Buck learns wolf ways easily,¾but this is not because of hisÈtraining.€²¤´Sorry. The wolves ¡do¡ "communicate"¾freedom to Buck, but he does notÈlearn "old tricks" from them.€²¤´Buck's inherited primitive instincts¾are awakened in the wild Klondike.ÈHis heredity allows him to learn theÒold ways easily.€²¤´Sorry. Buck does not learn wolf¾behavior through observation. ThereÈis another reason for Buck'sÒ"transformation."€²¤ When a rich miner offers to buyBuck, John says,("No sir. You can go to hell, sir."<Why does John respond this way?PA. He appreciates Buck's love andZ devotion.dB. The wealthy man would be a badn master for Buck.xC. John has never liked rich people.‚D. Buck is worth more money.€²¤´John recognizes Buck's great¾loyalty. He knows no money can buyÈthis kind of love and rejects theÒoffer.€²¤´Sorry. There is no indication that¾the man would be either a bad orÈgood master.€²¤´Sorry. We do not really know how¾John feels about rich people.€²¤´Sorry. John would not sell Buck for¾five times what the man offers.€²¤ London suggests that the best thingabout the wild is that it offers(A. a constant source of food.2B. absolute freedom.<C. a way to escape urbanF tensions.PD. an alternative to a sedentaryZ way of life.€²¤´Sorry. In fact, food in the wilder-¾ness is often in short supply.€²¤´A strong individual is free in the¾wild. In the Arctic, there are noÈlaws except those of survival.€²¤´Sorry. The wilderness offers its own¾threats and tensions.€²¤´Sorry. Although this is true, it is¾not really the best thing theÈwilderness can offer.€²¤ ". . . (O)f the many Southland dogs hehad known, not one had shown up worth-ily . . . on the trail. They were all(too soft . . . . Buck was the exception."<Who feels this way?PA. SpitzZB. PerraultdC. HalnD. Buck€²¤´Spitz, the experienced dog, cannot¾understand Buck. He is differentÈfrom the other newcomers.€²¤´Sorry. Perrault is a good judge of¾dogs. He calls Buck a "dam bully dog"Èand does not think Buck is strange.€²¤´Sorry. Hal is a tenderfoot. He is too¾inexperienced to pass judgment on aÈsled dog.€²¤´Sorry. Buck is not making this¾observation about himself.€²¤ Author Jack London describes Mercedesas "Charles' wife and Hal's sister --(one of) a nice family party."2Jack London is beingFA. literal; they really are related.PB. false; Mercedes and Charles are notZ married.dC. symbolic; everyone belongs to an human family.xD. sarcastic; there is nothing "nice"‚ about the family.€²¤´Sorry. Although they are related,¾the statement has another, moreÈimportant meaning.€²¤´Sorry. There is no indication that¾Mercedes is not really Charles' wife.€²¤´Sorry. The relationships are literal,¾not symbolic.€²¤´Yes! A "nice family party" is¾disastrously out of place in theÈforbidding Arctic. And this familyÒis not very "nice" either!€²¤ Buck "was a killer ... unaided,alone, by virtue of his own strengthand prowess, surviving ... in a(hostile environment."<What are Jack London's feelingsFabout Buck in the description above?ZA. horrifieddB. admiringnC. stunnedxD. critical€²¤´Sorry. Words like "prowess"¾show that London is not horrified.€²¤´London seems to admire Buck's¾strength and resourcefulness.ÈHis tone shows his approval.€²¤´Sorry. London does not sound¾"stunned" here.€²¤´Sorry. London does not criticize¾Buck for doing what he must doÈto survive.€²¤ On the trail Buck hears,"... a call .... And he knew it,(in the old familiar way, as a sound2heard before."FThe call is a wolf-howl, and BuckPhas heard it beforedA. when Perrault was attacked byn wolves.xB. in the Santa Clara Valley.‚C. within himself.ŒD. in the call of the huskies.€²¤´Sorry. Perrault was never attacked¾by wolves.€²¤´Sorry. No wolves howl in California's¾Santa Clara Valley.€²¤´Buck has heard the call in his¾subconscious. He instinctivelyÈrecognizes it.€²¤´Sorry. The call is "like, yet¾unlike" the call of huskies.€²¤ As the ice thaws, the earth "ateaway from beneath; the sun atefrom above."2What figure of speech is used<in this quotation?PA. simileZB. paradoxdC. alliterationnD. personification€²¤´Sorry. A simile compares two¾unlike things by using words suchÈas "like" or "as."€²¤´Sorry. A paradox expresses a¾contradiction. For example, "He isÈa wise fool," is a paradox.€²¤´Sorry. Alliteration is the use of two¾or more words that have the sameÈinitial sound. An example is: theÒ¡w¡ailing ¡w¡inter ¡w¡ind.€²¤´Personification gives human qualities¾to inanimate objects. The sun andÈearth "eat" the ice.€²¤ The most important parallelrelationship in this story is between(A. Spitz and Buck.2B. the Klondike and California.<C. human and animal behavior.FD. realism and fantasy.€²¤´Sorry. This parallel exists,¾but it does not continue throughoutÈthe story and cannot be the mostÒimportant one.€²¤´Sorry. This is more of a contrast¾than a parallel, and it exists onlyÈin parts of the story.€²¤´London draws parallels between human¾and animal behavior. He describesÈcruelty, greed, loyalty, andÒcooperation in human and animalÜcharacters.€²¤´Sorry. Although Buck's visions¾of the hairy man hint at thisÈparallel, it is not reallyÒdeveloped in the story.€²¤ Why is ¡The Call of the Wild¡ sucha good title for this book?(A. It describes the book's central2 conflict.<B. It reveals the book's setting.FC. It suggests exciting adventure.PD. The central character is alwaysZ wild.€²¤´This title gives the reader a sense¾of the book's conflict between theÈcivilized world and the lure ofÒfreedom in the wilderness.€²¤´Sorry. The title could just as well¾refer to a jungle as to the Klon-Èdike. Both are equally "wild."€²¤´Sorry. This may be true, but the¾title serves a more important andÈspecific function.€²¤´Sorry. Buck is wild only at the¾end. The title is important forÈanother reason.€²¤ Buck pulls a 1000-pound sled.Symbolically, this act demonstrates2A. Buck's phenomenal strength.<B. the threats to Buck's survival.FC. the mineral wealth of the North.PD. devotion and love.€²¤´Sorry. Although the act literally¾shows Buck's strength, it hasÈanother, ¡symbolic¡, meaning. YouÒmay want to re-read Chapter VI.€²¤´Sorry. Although this act tests¾Buck's survival, it has a moreÈsignificant meaning. You mayÒwant to re-read Chapter VI.€²¤´Sorry. The sled is loaded with¾flour, not gold. This contestÈdoes not symbolize wealth, evenÒthough some miners win money.€²¤´Buck pulls the heavy sled to the¾finish line because he loves John.ÈThe contest gives Buck a chance toÒshow his love and devotion.€²¤ Match the characters with theimportant ideas they symbolize.(A. Spitz(€C. Dave(ÈE. Hal2B. Judge Miller2€D. JohnP1. devotion to dutyZ2. strength, savagery, cunningd3. cooperation and interdependencen4. civilization and the soft lifex5. arrogance€²¤´Sorry. You need more information¾about the characters.€²¤´You really know these characters!€²¤ Commenting on the rules of society,Jack London once said, "Morality isonly an evidence of low blood(pressure."<He meant thatPA. moral people are very calm.ZB. society is a basically unhealthyd system.nC. strong, confident people mayx appear immoral.‚D. immorality can make a personŒ ill.€²¤´Sorry. London was mocking the idea of¾conventional morality, not praising it.€²¤´Sorry. London was commenting on¾certain people, not on society asÈa whole.€²¤´Yes! London believed that exceptional¾people may flout the rules of societyÈbecause they create their own code.€²¤´Sorry. London was not being so¾literal.€²¤ Although he criticizes civilization,London admits that it has itsvirtues.2The chief ones seem to beFA. love and fair play.PB. order, quiet, and calm.ZC. efficiency and peace.dD. comfort and security.€²¤´John Thornton represents love and¾fair play. London suggests thatÈthese qualities are the best thatÒcivilization has to offer.€²¤´Sorry. These are a part of civil-¾ization, but London does not seemÈto admire them.€²¤´Sorry. London finds the chaos of¾the wild more stimulating thanÈefficiency.€²¤´Sorry. London criticizes comfort¾and security. They make BuckÈand others "soft."€²¤ According to author Jack London,civilization really needs(A. more laws and less freedom.2B. mutual cooperation and justice.<C. strong, absolute leaders.FD. competition and individualism.€²¤´Not really. London believed in¾freedom and individuality.€²¤´Mutual cooperation and justice would¾correct many of the problems ofÈ"civilized" life. London sees aÒgreat need for these virtues.€²¤´Sorry. Although London believes a¾strong leader is needed in the wild,Èhe does not think an absolute leaderÒwould be very good in civilization.€²¤´Not really. These are found in the¾wild. Civilization has differentÈneeds.€²¤¡ The Call of the Wild¡ was firstpublished in 1903.(It is set in the<A. California gold rush days.FB. American Civil War.PC. gold rush of 1897.ZD. First World War.€²¤´Sorry. The California gold rush¾of 1849 is too early to be theÈsetting.€²¤´Sorry. The American Civil War took¾place in 1861-1865. This periodÈis too early to be the setting forÒLondon's book.€²¤´London was a prospector in the¾Klondike gold rush of 1897. ThoughÈhe found no gold, he did find theÒsetting for his best stories there.€²¤´Sorry. The First World War of¾1914-1918 occurs after the storyÈends.€²¤ Press K to KEEP Buck's actualachievements.(Press R to REMOVE the others.<³ ´<³pulls a heavy sled alone´F³saves John from the Yeehats´P³delivers medicine for Perrault´Z³kills a moose´d³learns to fish for salmon´n³saves Hal from drowning´€²¤´Sorry. You must be thinking of¾another dog! You need moreÈinformation about Buck.€²¤´Yes! Buck succeeds in doing many¾things. Sometimes he fails; heÈcannot save John from the Yeehats,Òand Hal falls through ice and drowns.€²¤ When John is drowning and calls forhelp, "his master's voice acted onBuck like an electric shock."2What figure of speech is contained<in this quotation?PA. simileZB. metaphordC. personificationnD. understatement€²¤´A simile compares two unlike things¾by using such words as "like" orÈ"as." This simile compares John'sÒvoice to electricity.€²¤´Sorry. A metaphor says or implies¾that one thing ¡is¡ another. ForÈexample, "Buck was a hurricane ofÒfury" is a metaphor.€²¤´Sorry. Personification gives an¾inanimate object human qualities.È"The kind sun smiled on him" is anÒexample of personification.€²¤´Sorry. With understatement you say¾less than a situation deserves. ForÈexample, you describe a hurricane byÒsaying, "It is a little wet outside."€²¤ At one point, Buck "wished stronglyfor larger and more formidablequarry."2In this context, ¡quarry¡ meansFA. to dig, as in a mine.PB. a source of building stone.ZC. prey.dD. muscles and teeth.€²¤´Sorry. Although one can quarry¾stones, the word has a differentÈmeaning here.€²¤´Sorry. Stones ¡do¡ come from a¾quarry, but the word has a differentÈmeaning here.€²¤´A hunter's prey is his ¡quarry¡. Buck¾yearns for larger prey to provide aÈmore challenging hunt.€²¤´Sorry. The word does not refer to¾muscles or teeth.€²¤ London describes battle-scarredSol-leks as "an old husky, longand lean and _________."2A. squat<B. cheerfulFC. heavyPD. gaunt€²¤´Sorry. A squat dog would not be¾described as long and lean.€²¤´Sorry. A cheerful dog probably¾would not be "battle-scarred."€²¤´Sorry. A "lean" dog would not be¾described as heavy.€²¤´Sol-leks is ¡gaunt¡. The word means¾"very thin." The hard life of theÈtrail has reduced Sol-leks to muscleÒand bone.€²¤ "For the most part," Buck's love forJohn "was expressed in ________."(A. adoration2B. opposition<C. respectFD. rivalry€²¤¡´Adoration¡ is a worshipful, awed¾kind of love. Buck's love for JohnÈis so complete it may be calledÒadoration.€²¤´Sorry. Buck teasingly bites John,¾but he usually expresses his loveÈin another way.€²¤´Sorry. Buck respects Perrault.¾His feelings for John are differentÈand deeper.€²¤´Sorry. Buck does not compete against¾John. Buck is devoted to his master.€²¤ As Buck tries to sleep, "a chillwind . . . nipped him sharply andbit with especial venom into his(wounded shoulder."<What figure of speech is usedFin this quotation?ZA. personificationdB. similenC. metaphorxD. paradox€²¤´Sorry. Personification gives an¾inanimate object ¡human¡ qualities.ÈBiting to inject venom is not human.€²¤´Sorry. A simile compares two dis-¾similar things, usually using "like"Èor "as."€²¤´A metaphor is an indirect comparison.¾This metaphor likens the wind to aÈdangerous serpent.€²¤´Sorry. A paradox expresses a¾contradiction. For example, "He isÈa wise fool" is a paradox.€²¤ Mercedes "was pretty and soft, andhad been chivalrously treated allher days."2¡Chivalrous¡ treatment isFA. humorous and good-natured.PB. gallant, noble, and courteous.ZC. insultingly rude and rough.dD. generous, charitable, and pious.€²¤´Sorry. ¡Chivalrous¡ treatment is¾usually serious. You need moreÈinformation!€²¤´¡Chivalrous¡ treatment is gallant,¾noble, and courteous. The wordÈcomes from ¡chivalry¡, a code ofÒconduct for ancient knights.€²¤´Sorry. ¡Chivalrous¡ treatment would¾never be insulting or rude. YouÈneed more information!€²¤´Sorry. Although a chivalrous¾person ¡may¡ well be generous,Ècharitable, and pious, this doesÒnot describe ¡chivalrous¡ behavior.€ÀX2^Ucaf‰•‘o© …t—ÿ>ýÿLH]H‰>ó>ç>í>­$<PNaƒSQ@‰°|f9‘%crEGV‡„NaÝSšŒi‹}'mxÂ}švYR‚‚MàmjŒëRj”hzKs&Z]›y!‡{`„PBAk(\vŽ„6z_KPåOsGgöm|cF`cUAKg9[>:F\GÔ`k¡lÃk£ú’td_Ö˜ˆŒ“D,C[Y5æbZ`ÔG” [ÂW†™Sb›ôŽ‘£ã]etAšIKB‹…c^Xü|_jk `™nšMPACKC00žHÿþ)ÿþÿþÿþÿþÿþÿþÀZ” À[”XA:C2f Â[´A:G2fDEFGHIJ à[tH2fK" à[ÔD:I2f   à[TJ:L2f  ÀD'(G À[´A:G2fvwxyz{| à[ôH:N2f}~€‚ƒ à[tO:U2f„…†‡ˆ‰Š À[´A:G2f§¨©ª«¬­ à[tH:J2f®¯° À[4A:F2f¾¿ÀÁÂà À[4A:G2fÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ À[´A:G2fãäåæçèé à[tHI2fêë À[´A:G2fûüýþÿ à[tH:I2f À[ ´A:G2f à[!tH:J2f À["´A:G2f2345678 à[#tH:K2f9:;< À[$4A:F2fNOPQRS À[%4A:C2f\]^ À[&4A:C2fbcd²¤(The Book Scanner contains interesting2information about ¡The Call Of The Wild¡<and its author, Jack London.PBut the Book Scanner is NOT the book.dNOTHING CAN REPLACE THE READINGnEXPERIENCE!‚See for yourself. Start reading¡ŒThe Call Of The Wild¡ and let–Jack London's story come alive for you.€²¤£BOOK SCANNER MENU£TROUBLE SPOTTER£<X. You have 9zÿÿ Trouble Spots forFreview in the Trouble Spotter.£dBROWSER£‚A. What Happens in the Story?–B. Who's Who?ªC. What Are the Big Ideas?È@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£BOOK SCANNER MENU¤£(BROWSER£FD. What Do the Characters Feel?ZE. Tracking Main EventsnF. Linking Cause and Effect‚G. Listening to the Characters–H. Collecting Well-Chosen WordsªI. Focusing on StyleÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£BOOK SCANNER MENU¤£(BROWSER£FJ. Making Predictions & DrawingPConclusionsdK. About Jack LondonxL. Title Search: Other Good Books Press ¡ESC¡ to return to the Main Menuª¡at any point¡ in the Book Scanner.È@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHAT HAPPENS IN THE STORY?£(A. A Brief Summary<B. Summary of Each ChapterPC. The SettingdD. A Harsh ClimatexE. Survival in the NorthŒF. The Struggle to Dominate G. The Law of Club and FangÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHAT HAPPENS IN THE STORY?£(H. Buck's AchievementsÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHO'S WHO?£(A. Major and Minor Characters<B. BuckPC. John ThorntondD. PerraultxE. SpitzŒF. Charles, Mercedes, and Hal G. The Man in the Red SweaterÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHO'S WHO?£(H. Manuel<I. The Scotch Half-BreedPJ. The Sled DogsdK. The MinersxL. Black BurtonŒM. The Yeehats N. Strength, Love, DevotionÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHO'S WHO?£(O. Visions of the Past<P. Buck and JohnPQ. Buck's GrowthdR. Buck Answers the CallxS. Buck's Human MastersŒT. Spitz - The Rival U. Buck's Human TeachersÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHAT ARE THE BIG IDEAS?£(A. The Themes of the Book<B. Buck's First Impression of the NorthPC. Obstacles to SurvivaldD. Learning and InstinctxE. A Primitive ForceŒF. Who Can Survive? G. How Feelings Are DisguisedÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHAT ARE THE BIG IDEAS?£(H. Civilization vs. the Wild<I. The Individual and SocietyPJ. London's Socialist PoliticsÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£WHAT DO THE CHARACTERS FEEL?£(A. How Humans Feel About Buck<B. Buck's Human EmotionsPC. Contrasting the Dogs' PersonalitiesdD. Buck's Self-ReliancexE. Pride and IndependenceŒF. Buck's ConflictÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£TRACKING MAJOR EVENTS£(A. Buck Becomes a Leader<B. Those Who PerishPC. Buck's Love for JohndD. A Killer DogxE. The Evils of CivilizationŒF. Buck Controls His Destiny G. A Bully's RewardÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£LINKING CAUSE AND EFFECT£(A. The Lure of Gold, The Need for Dogs<B. Dreams of a SavagePC. Strength and HereditydD. Adapt or DiexE. The Demands of InstinctŒF. The Mail Must Go Through G. A Law DefeatedÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£LINKING CAUSE AND EFFECT£(H. Freedom in the Wilderness<I. Children of the WildÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£LISTENING TO THE CHARACTERS£(A. "Devil" Dogs<B. When the "Bottom Drops Out"PC. Fighting Like WolvesdD. Using DescriptionsxE. "Buck Was the Exception"ŒF. Sarcasm G. The Author's ToneÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£LISTENING TO THE CHARACTERS£(H. The Voice of the Wolf<I. Dialect and CharacterÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£COLLECTING WELL-CHOSEN WORDS£(A. To Fawn Upon<B. PrimordialPC. ChivalrousdD. QuarryxE. GauntŒF. Adoration G. Aurora Borealis€²¤£COLLECTING WELL-CHOSEN WORDS£(H. Metaphor: "A Wind Bit Him"<I. Personification: "The Earth Ate"PJ. Simile: "Voice Like An ElectricdShock"È@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£FOCUSING ON STYLE£(A. Genre<B. The ProtagonistPC. The Significance of SettingdD. ForeshadowingxE. London and DarwinŒF. Dramatic Conflict G. SuspenseÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£FOCUSING ON STYLE£(H. Parallels<I. Choosing a TitlePJ. Symbolism: An Act of LovedK. Characters As SymbolsÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£MAKING PREDICTIONS AND DRAWING@CONCLUSIONS£2A. Heredity and EnvironmentFB. The Last Link to CivilizationZC. Buck's FatenD. The Role of Morality‚E. The Best of Civilization–F. London's Naturalist PhilosophyÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£ABOUT JACK LONDON£(A. About Jack London<B. Other Books By Jack LondonPC. Books About Jack LondonÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£TITLE SEARCH: OTHER GOOD BOOKS£(A. Books About Dogs<B. Books About SurvivalPC. Books About the Polar RegionsÈ@¡Select Entry Letter€²¤£REVIEWING TROUBLE SPOTS£(³ ´4³ ´A³ ´M³ ´Z³ ´f³ ´s³ ´³ ´Œ³ ´˜³ ´¥³ ´È@¡Select Item€²¤£REVIEWING TROUBLE SPOTS£(There are no Trouble Spots for4review in the Trouble Spotter.€G Žà2„Ö(zÌpÂf¸ \®R¤öH~ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ´þïÄð7ð €ð€ð€ÁãÆEŠAƒÀÀ€ €€€ €€'€@ãþø€õ@è @ø@0@ @`@A€€B@Á€€€ €`€xþ„þ0,#0¸0<Àà ½ÀÀÀ@€ÿ€Á€€‚þþÀ €@ φÀpnÀ=ÀÀøøÀPQ@g1À ‹À ‡ € A€@€À / À MÀ €Àí¸À€þð?üþ€ÿ€ÿ€€€~À,çÀ(ÇÀ(ÃÀ(ÃÀÇÀÇ€€€€àƒƒ|þ?üÿþ÷ÿÀ€€ŸŸ**€€r‚ø  d 0$øþ?øÿþüÀÀ€¿O" *,âù8;ÿüÿÿÿþüþ?àÿøüþ?þÿ÷ÿCÿÁÿÀÿH$À<<<ü<þðÿüÃúp¨¨€#„ ‡È(À°4¯Ô®ÔnÛ@þÿàð8 <88@$üœ$ $Ú$B$B(Â(8Ÿò~| È(@0ðþ@@%@ @€€<ðøÿøÿðîðßà¾àà€`€0€P€P@Pþ ÎÿóÿñÿùÞŸ<Ÿ>ñþ/àÿ'ñü€ûýÀ3ÿûÀ àâÀ,_OÀÀ €7Àãÿ€*ý÷þ @0À2À2À?`gÀ?`oÀðÿÿø€ÿø÷|—LÀÀ?àÀ€/ Àþ ;~€ >nþ€ @;` s@ÿXhþ?Àà àÀàÀÿÓÀSÀSÀ _À?ÿßÀ _À,ÇS,ÇS,ÇS _?÷?ÿÿÀþý¼ýÿàÀ €¸¦€=8ã€(£À0b€À< ÀÀ<€,€€À?â@þ @ÿ€??þþÿþÿôÿøÿø÷x9ûs2ð13p06`0$ 0þ Œô8€€ÀÀ?À¿ÿ€þ{ø÷¿Àï0þ?ü÷n·m·m€·m@·m@@ñðÀT¨tဠ€€€@ƒ€@8?Àþ@€ؾÀà€„$¡%þ€€ð„Â3þü þ``ÿðÀðf7°p¿„<¿Ì¿ü8ÿÿà à€0ƒ7óãûÁÿº»0hD$B€ (>¼ €@²¤£A BRIEF SUMMARY£(The story begins on a peaceful ranch2in California in 1897.FBuck is a pampered St. Bernard whoPis stolen from the ranch and takenZto northern Canada where a gold rushdhas created a great demand fornsled dogs.–Life in the wild is harsh, and Buck learns that he must discard hisªcivilized training. He suffers many´hardships and becomes the leader of¾a dog sled team.¢àá uñà4½@à3½W€²¤(Although Buck yearns for the wild2more and more, he feels great<loyalty and devotion to JohnFThornton, a kind master.nWhen Buck no longer has John, thexdog answers the call of the wild‚and becomes the proud leader of aŒwild wolf pack.¢àá)Q”à0˜¼à0˜Óà0˜êà ™€²¤£SUMMARY OF EACH CHAPTER£CHAPTER 1: INTO THE PRIMITIVE2In 1897 the discovery of gold in<Canada creates a demand for sledFdogs.ZA St. Bernard named Buck is stolendfrom his home on Judge Miller'snCalifornia ranch by the gardener,xManuel. Buck is sent first to Seattle whereªa man in a red sweater beats him.¢àá zéà(µ¨€²¤£CHAPTER 1: INTO THE PRIMITIVE2Buck learns "the law of club and<fang." He must obey superior force.PA French-Canadian courier namedZPerrault buys Buck and takes himdnorth to Canada.¢àá&sx€²¤£CHAPTER 2: THE LAW OF CLUB AND FANG2Buck arrives "in the heart<of things primordial."PHe sees another dog named Curly killedZby wolf-like huskies. The only lawdthat applies in the wild is survivalnof the fittest.€²¤£CHAPTER 2: THE LAW OF CLUB AND FANG2Perrault and his partner, Francois,<train Buck as part of their dog sledFteam which is led by a huge, fiercePwhite dog named Spitz.xBuck, strong and intelligent, learns‚quickly and begins to envy Spitz'sŒleadership.¢àá"Zkà Ží€²¤£CHAPTER 3: THE DOMINANT PRIMORDIAL(`BEAST<The rivalry between Spitz andFBuck grows. The dogs havePmany fights, endure harshZweather, and face roving packsdof wild dogs.xSome dogs cannot stand the‚conditions; Pike often feignsŒillness, and Dolly breaks under–the strain.ªBut Buck is strong and intelligent.´He confronts Spitz and kills him.€²¤£CHAPTER 4: WHO HAS WON TO MASTERSHIP2Buck is now team leader and<leads the dogs in a record 500Fmile run that makes Perrault andPFrancois very proud.xBuck is sold to a Scotch‚"half-breed" who delivers mail.ŒIn the rugged surroundings,–Buck dreams of primitive scenes from the distant past.´The dogs are driven harder¾than ever. Dave, devotedÈto his duty as a team dog,Òdies in harness.¢àá&Z2à \×à%[·à#¸—€²¤CHAPTER 5: THE TOIL OF TRACE(`AND TRAIL<All the dogs are exhausted.FThey are sold to three tenderfeet,PCharles, Mercedes, and Hal.xThese three have no knowledge‚of the North and mistreatŒtheir dogs.¢àá$[‰¡à(\ê¡à2] €²¤CHAPTER 5: THE TOIL OF TRACE(`AND TRAIL<Just as Buck is nearing the limitFof his endurance, he is rescued byPJohn Thornton.xThe three tenderfeet die when their‚sled falls into a frozen river.¢àá)T4€²¤CHAPTER 6: FOR THE LOVE OF A MAN£2John gains Buck's trust and love.FBuck protects John from a bullyPcalled Black Burton. Later, withZhelp from John's partners, Pete anddHans, he saves John from drowning.xJohn makes a bet with wealthy‚miners that Buck can pull aŒ1000-pound sled. When Buck succeeds, John understandsªhow much the dog loves him.¢àá)¶çà ¸Q€²¤CHAPTER 7: THE SOUNDING OF THE CALL£2John and his partners seek<the fabled Lost Cabin goldFmine.ZBuck hunts with John and bydhimself, seeking ever fiercernprey. He yearns to be wildxand free, but his love for‚John holds him to civilization.–He meets and befriends a wolf, fishes for salmon, kills aªblack bear and a bull moose.¢àá+µŠà,¶ùà0µa€²¤CHAPTER 7: THE SOUNDING OF THE CALL£2When he returns to camp, he<finds that Yeehat IndiansFhave killed John. Buck attacksPfuriously and drives the YeehatsZaway.‚Alone in the wild, he joins a wolfŒpack and becomes its leader. The–Yeehats think he is an Evil Spirit, a Ghost Dog.´Buck, now a man-killer, is¾completely free in the wilderness.¢àá'\Éà'\áà'\ùà0ÈLà0É£à0É»à0ÉÓ€²¤£THE SETTING£¡(The Call of the Wild¡ takes place2in the rugged Klondike territory<of Canada.PThis land of pine forests, steepZmountains, and snowfields is indwestern Canada, near Alaska.xThe sub-zero temperatures, rugged‚terrain, blinding snow, and fierceŒstorms create a bleak and forbidding–environment.ªOnly the lure of riches would bring´people to such a place.¢àá-Ýà-îà-à-€²¤£A HARSH CLIMATE£(The Arctic setting of ¡The Call2of the Wild¡ presents a harsh<world of frigid cold andFdangerous animals.ZIn the winter, temperaturesdcan reach seventy degrees belownzero, though the short summersxcan be warm.ŒWolves and other predators are–always a threat.¢àá-<à-Nà-“à-¤à0o€²¤£A HARSH CLIMATE£(Most plants and trees will not2grow in the severe cold. Only<pine and fir trees can surviveFthe harsh climate.ZSettlers must either live ondgame or bring most of their foodnwith them.¢àá-<à-Nà-“à-¤à0o€²¤£SURVIVAL IN THE NORTH£(Buck must learn to survive in2the Yukon.¡FImportant Survival Lessons¡ZHe must learn to face dangersdof the trail: scarce food,nhard work, frigid temperatures,xand wild animals.ŒHe must gain strength to pull–the sleds many hours through heavy snow.¢àá-­à-¾à-Ѐ²¤£SURVIVAL IN THE NORTH£¡(Important Survival Lessons¡<He must gain the courage to faceFother dogs and fight them forPhis rightful place.dHe must learn to hunt and killnrabbits, moose, and other gamexanimals when he strikes into‚the wilderness on his own.¢àá-­à-¾à-Ѐ²¤£SURVIVAL IN THE NORTH£(¡Less Important Survival Lessons¡<Buck must adapt in order to survive.FHis first encounter with snowPpuzzles him and shows that heZhas a lot to learn.nThough Buck shows his strengthxby winning contests, the strength‚itself, not the contests, isŒimportant for survival. Finally, Buck, once a pampered pet,ªmust adjust to a world where he is´a rugged worker, not a well-groomed¾and clever house dog.¢àá-­à-¾à-Ѐ²¤£THE STRUGGLE TO DOMINATE£(Xvs.70BUCK SPITZFBuck gradually becomes wild, obeyingPthe call of "the dominant primordialZbeast" within him.nWhen Buck kills Spitz, the "beast"xin him emerges clearly for the‚first time.¢àá óà"?€²¤£THE LAW OF CLUB AND FANG£("The Law of Club and Fang"2means that all animals must fight<to survive. Humans use the club;Fanimals use their fangs.ZBuck learns this lesson from hisdtrainer and later from Spitznand the other dogs.‚In the end, Spitz must die.ŒThe "law" insists that only–the fittest animal survives.€²¤£BUCK'S ACHIEVEMENTS£(As Buck grows and adapts, he2achieves more and more.FHe learns to cooperate byPpulling in a harness with aZteam of dogs.‚He learns to kill small prey,Œlike rabbits.´He learns the wolf way of¾fighting.¢àá `à4a¿à3a×à1‘Sà0¾P€²¤£BUCK'S ACHIEVEMENTS£VERY IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS2Some achievements are ¡very<important¡.PBuck defeats Spitz for leadershipZof the team.‚He avoids Perrault and FrancoisŒuntil they give in to him.´He helps set a record in a¾long dog sled run to deliverÈimportant papers.¢àá aà"\çà&—¡à%—¾à4Æà3Æ€²¤£BUCK'S ACHIEVEMENTS£MOST IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS2John plays a part in Buck's¡<most important¡ achievements.PBuck shows the strength of hisZdevotion to John by pullingda 1000-pound sled.xHe saves John from drowning‚in a cold river.–These achievements represent the height of Buck's loyalty toªhumans -- and to one human´specifically: John Thornton.¢àá aà)À¤£BUCK'S ACHIEVEMENTS£MOST IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS2After John's death, Buck kills<many Yeehats, "the most nobleFprey of all."ZWhen Buck turns on humans, he isdready to become completely free.¢àá aà'Æà'Þà'÷à'€€²¤£BUCK'S ACHIEVEMENTS£MOST IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS2On his own at last in the wild,<Buck becomes the leader of aFwolf pack.ZThis is his greatest achievementdbecause it shows his completenindependence in the wild.¢àá aàá0à0à06à0N€ÀZ*´@Z+tÀZ,´@Z-ô@Z.ô@Z/ô@Z0ô@Z1ô@Z2ô@Z3ô@Z4ô@Z5ô@Z6tÀZ74ÀZ8´@Z9tÀZ:´@Z;ô@Z4ÀZ?´@Z@ô@ZAô@ZBô@ZCt²¤£MAJOR AND MINOR CHARACTERS£(There are many human and animal2characters in ¡The Call of the Wild¡.FThe MAJOR characters are:ZBUCK - a very strong and intelligentd@dog, the central character ofn@the story‚JOHN THORNTON - a veteran of the North,Œ@Buck's finest master PERRAULT - a government courier,ª@Buck's teacher on the trail¾SPITZ - Buck's chief canine rival onÈ@the dog team€²¤(The MINOR characters are:<MANUEL - a servant who steals Buck andFHsells him as a sled dogZTHE MAN IN THE RED SWEATER - a crueldHdog trainer who teaches BucknHthe law of club and fang‚CURLY - an inexperienced dog who soonŒHperishes in the North DAVE - a dedicated sled dog´PIKE - a sly, malingering sled dog€²¤(CHARLES, MERCEDES, HAL - three new-2Hcomers to the North who areà-P€²¤£BUCK'S HUMAN MASTERS£(Buck's human masters change as he2moves from place to place and job<to job.PAt first, he is the pet of wealthyZJudge Miller of the Santa ClaradValley in California.xThe Judge pampers Buck and makes‚him a soft, rather lazy pet. BuckŒrules the dogs of the ranch and–guards the Judge's family, but he never works hard.´The French-Canadian courier, Perrault,¾is all business and trains Buck to beÈa good sled dog.¢àá&Øà%ïà2à$à)õ€²¤£BUCK'S HUMAN MASTERS£(Perrault treats Buck as a working dog.2He expects Buck to learn how to cope<with life on the trail. Buck mustFcompete and grow strong to hold hisPplace.dThe Scotch half-breed owns Buck forna short time. He is not a cruel man,xbut the harsh life of the North‚forces him to be hard on the dogs.–Charles, the tenderfoot, misunder- stands and mistreats Buck. Charlesªdoes not realize that his survival´depends on the welfare of his dogs.ÈThe journey with Charles, Hal, andÒMercedes is the low point in Buck'sÜlife in the North.¢àá&Øà%ïà2à$à)õ€²¤£BUCK'S HUMAN MASTERS£A SPECIAL OWNER2John Thornton is the best master<Buck has in the North.PA seasoned prospector who comes fromZthe Southland, John is both demandingdand understanding.xWith John, Buck can be a powerful‚working dog and a pet at the sameŒtime. Unlike Charles or Perrault, Johnªinspires Buck's love and devotion.¢àá&Øà%ïà2à$à)õ€²¤£SPITZ - THE RIVAL£(Buck is initiated into his harsh2new life in the North when he<and Spitz become rivals forFleadership of the dog team.ZSpitz, a large white dog, is slydand cunning. Perrault calls him an"devil." Spitz fights like a wolfxand keeps the other dogs in check.ŒBuck and Spitz struggle for leader-–ship. The final confrontation between them takes place when Spitzªkills a rabbit Buck had been hunting.¢àá"•€²¤£SPITZ - THE RIVAL£(Because Buck is more intelligent,2he "fights with imagination."<His strength and courage makeFhim "two devils" to Spitz's one.ZHe fights Spitz and wins.¢àá"•€²¤£BUCK'S HUMAN TEACHERS£(Buck learns something different2from each human in the story.FJudge Miller and his family teachPBuck that humans can be kind andZare worthy of love and loyalty.nThe man in the red sweaterxclubs him. This man teaches‚Buck that he cannot beat aŒwell-armed human.¢àá(*à&Dà)`à(š€²¤£BUCK'S HUMAN TEACHERS£(Perrault breaks Buck in as a2sled dog. He teaches Buck the<value of discipline and controlFin teamwork.nCharles, Hal, and Mercedesxmistreat Buck. They show him‚that humans can be cruel becauseŒthey are ignorant.¢àá(jà&…à&Hàà) à2¡|à$¡ ¡à(£¡€²¤£BUCK'S HUMAN TEACHERS£(Finally, John Thornton reawakens2love and loyalty in Buck.<He teaches Buck that a masterFcan give love and be worthy ofPa dog's devotion.¢à)fâ€ÀZL´@ZMô@ZNtÀZO´@ZPtÀZQ4ÀZR4ÀZS4ÀZT´@ZUô@ZVtÀZW4ÀZX4ÀZY4ÀZZ´@Z[ô@Z\tÀZ]4ÀZ^4ÀZ_4ÀZ`´@Zaô@Zbô@ZctÀZd´@ZetÀZf´@Zgô@Zhô@Ziô@ZjtÀZk´@ZltÀZm4ÀZn´@Zoô@ZptÀZq´@ZrtÀZs´@Ztô@Zut²¤£THE THEMES OF THE BOOK£(¡The Call of the Wild¡ contains2many important ideas and themes.FINSTINCT VS. LEARNINGZOne major theme is the conflictdbetween heredity (instinct) andnlearning. Buck learns his role asxa pet and later as a working dog.ŒBut Buck also has the instinct–of a wild animal. He is torn between what his training has made him andªthe urges of his wild inner nature.¾Eventually Buck must decide whetherÈto serve humans or go his own way inÒthe wilderness.€²¤£(COOPERATION VS. SELF-RELIANCE<Jack London believed in cooperationFand equality.ZAt the same time, he admired thedstrong, independent character whonrises above the crowd.‚In this story London asks the question:ŒWhich is best -- civilization and–cooperation or freedom and the wilderness?€²¤£(SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST<The harsh environment of the NorthFshapes Buck's attitudes - andPhis body.dHe becomes stronger and fitter fornsurvival as the story develops.‚Those who are not as fit simplyŒdie.€²¤£BUCK'S FIRST IMPRESSION OF THE NORTH£2As Buck leaves the ship that took<him North, his "feet sank intoFwhite mushy something very likePmud. He sprang back with a snort."dBuck has never seen snow. Itnfrightens and puzzles him.‚"He sniffed it curiously, thenŒlicked some up on his tongue.–It bit like fire, and the next instant was gone . . . . Theªonlookers laughed uproariously,´and he felt ashamed."¢àá-†à-—à-¨à-¹€²¤£BUCK'S FIRST IMPRESSION OF THE NORTH£2Buck's ignorance of this strange<phenomenon called snow shows howFmuch he has to learn if he is toPsurvive.€²¤£OBSTACLES TO SURVIVAL£(In order to survive, Buck must2overcome internal obstacles -- those<that come from within himself -- andFexternal obstacles -- those thatPexist outside of him.¢àá- ›à- ¬à- ,à- =à4½à3Ô€²¤£OBSTACLES TO SURVIVAL£(¡Internal Obstacles¡<Buck's early ignorance of the trail,Fhis quick temper, and even hisPcivilized behavior threaten hisZsurvival.nIgnorant of life in the North,xhe learns quickly in order to‚survive.–He learns to control his temper and relies on his strength toªprevail against difficulties.¾Finally, he disgards the behaviorÈand attitudes of his domesticatedÒlife.¢àá- ›à- ¬à- ,à- =à4½à3Ô€²¤£OBSTACLES TO SURVIVAL£(¡External Obstacles¡<Buck's external obstacles includeFthe cold, the rivalry of dogsPlike Spitz, and the hostility ofZthe Yeehats.nHe adjusts to trail life andxlearns how to deal with the cold.‚He uses strength and cunning toŒdefeat Spitz. Finally, he becomes a crafty GhostªDog, whom the Yeehats can never catch.¢àá- ›à- ¬à- ,à- =à4½à3Ô€²¤£LEARNING AND INSTINCT£(In the beginning of the story Buck2is a pet. He loves comfort and<is a little lazy.PBuck has learned to obey hisZmaster, the Judge, and the Judge'sdchildren.xLater, the man in the red sweater‚beats Buck until the dog learns toŒobey any man with a club. But in the wild Buck must forgetªthese "lessons" in order to´be free and independent.€²¤£LEARNING AND INSTINCT£LEARNING AND INSTINCT IN CONFLICT£2The conflict between learning and<instinct is one of the most importantFissues in the book.¡ZLearning¡nThrough training, Buck learnsxobedience to humans, survival on‚the trail, and loyalty -- particularlyŒto John.€²¤£LEARNING AND INSTINCT£LEARNING AND INSTINCT IN CONFLICT¡2Instinct¡FBuck's instinct makes it possiblePfor him to hunt, kill, and becomeZleader of a wolf pack.nBuck's training is valuable, but hisxdeepest instincts become more‚important as he fights for survival.€²¤£A PRIMITIVE FORCE£("The call of the wild" is a primitive,2instinctive feeling in Buck.FBuck inherited this feeling fromPthe "dominant primordial beast" --Zhis earliest ancestors.nThe call urges Buck to strike out onxhis own, to become wild and free.‚It is always urging him on intoŒthe wilderness.¢àá0S€²¤£A PRIMITIVE FORCE£(The call is a strong feeling to2struggle and fight for survival<and dominance.PIn answering the call, Buck gainsZhis freedom but loses his role asda helper and pet.¢àá0S€²¤£WHO CAN SURVIVE?£(In ¡The Call of the Wild¡ only the2fittest survive.FDave is a hard-working dog whoPbecomes exhausted with the toil ofZthe trail. He collapses, and hisdmaster takes him away.xBuck and the other dogs know that‚Dave has been shot and killed.¢àá#-€²¤(Although Dave has great spirit and2devotion to duty, he cannot<survive the physical demands ofFthe trail.ZThe other dogs understand anddaccept this law of survival.€²¤£HOW FEELINGS ARE DISGUISED£(John and Buck are often rough2with each other.FJohn has a habit of "takingPBuck's head roughly between hisZhands, and resting his own headdupon Buck's, of shaking him . . .nthe while calling him ill names . . . ."‚Buck bites John. "He would oftenŒseize Thornton's hand in his mouth–and close so fiercely that the flesh bore the impress of hisªteeth for some time afterward."¢àá ×à)µ€²¤£HOW FEELINGS ARE DISGUISED£(Jack London suggests that this rough2play disguises softer feelings.F"As Buck understood the oathsPto be love words, so the manZunderstood the feigned bite todbe a caress."xIn the harsh Northland, tender‚feelings cannot be expressedŒopenly.¢àá ×à)µ€²¤£CIVILIZATION VS. THE WILD£Xvs.2In the Northland, virtues such as<strength, cunning, and imaginationFlead to the only meaningful reward:Psurvival.dThese values are important when dogsnmust hunt for food, fight eachxother for dominance, and survive‚in a bitter climate.¢àá.à.1à-´à-Åà-Õ€²¤£CIVILIZATION VS. THE WILD£Xvs.2Civilized humans have other values.FTheir positive values arePcooperation, love, and loyalty.dJohn and his partners show thatncooperation brings positive results.xBy working together, they survive‚and prosper in the Northland.–Yet even John is tainted with civilization's greatest evil:ªgreed.¢àá.à.1à-´à-Åà-Õà)»ß€²¤£CIVILIZATION VS. THE WILD£Xvs.<John is killed by the YeehatsFbecause he is in their territoryPlooking for gold.‚London suggests that the civilizedŒvirtues -- cooperation, inter-–dependence, and love -- are best when survival is not at stake.¢àá.à.1à-´à-Åà-Õà'`…à'`šà'`®€²¤£CIVILIZATION VS. THE WILD£Xvs.2WHAT BUCK LEARNSFAs Buck learns to survive in thePNorth country, he changes.dBuck learns to shelter himself fromnthe cold and find his own food byxstealing from others or by hunting.ŒThe most important lesson Buck learns–may be that in order to survive he must discard the restraints ofªcivilization.¢àá.à.1à-´à-Åà-Õàá ±ð€²¤£CIVILIZATION VS. THE WILD£Xvs.2LEARNING TO STEALFBuck soon learns to steal foodPfrom Perrault and Francois. "TheZfirst theft marked Buck as fit todsurvive in the hostile Northlandnenvironment. It marked hisxadaptability."ŒPerrault gives the dogs enough–food to keep them healthy, but not enough to fill them. Buckªsatisfies his need for more food´by becoming a thief.¢àá.à.1à-´à-Åà-Õ€²¤£CIVILIZATION VS. THE WILD£Xvs.2LEARNING TO STEALFIn the North Buck is a thief;Pin the South he had been aZguard dog protecting his master'sdproperty.xBuck is able to adapt to his‚environment by changing his behavior.ŒThis ability will help him survive.¢àá.à.1à-´à-Åà-Õàá œ¡€²¤£THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY£(One theme in ¡The Call of the Wild¡2is the contrast between self-reliance<and cooperation.PJohn's relationship with Buck is basedZon cooperation, the foundation ofdcivilized society.xIn order to survive in the wild,‚individuals must rely -- not onŒcooperation -- but on their own–strength, intelligence, and imagination.€²¤£(These two very different environments2demand very different kinds of<behavior.PIn civilization, cooperation isZnecessary. In the wilderness,dself-reliance and individualnstrength are more important.€²¤£THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY£THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE WILD2Another example of the contrast<between self-reliance and cooperationFoccurs when Buck kills the YeehatPIndians. At first, he kills becauseZhe is furiously angry: the Yeehatsdhave murdered John.xLater, Buck kills because he‚regards humans as "the most nobleŒprey" of all.€²¤£THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY£THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE WILD2Buck's civilized training has<taught him to obey humans.FBut when he is on his own, BuckPtreats humans as another form ofZprey.nHumans created the chain of eventsxthat change Buck's attitude and‚behavior.€²¤£LONDON'S SOCIALIST POLITICS£(Jack London was a Socialist who was2convinced that man's economic life<was a "struggle for survival."PLondon believed that workers wereZcruelly exploited by their capitalistdmasters.xOnly those workers who were best‚able to adapt and compete couldŒsurvive. London used these ideas in¡ªThe Call of the Wild¡. This novel´demonstrates the "laws" of¾competition and survival in theÈnatural world.€ÀZ‹´@ZŒô@ZtÀZŽ´@ZtÀZ´@Z‘ô@Z’tÀZ“´@Z”ô@Z•tÀZ–´@Z—tÀZ˜´@Z™tÀZš´@Z›tÀZœ´@Zô@Zžô@ZŸô@Z ô@Z¡tÀZ¢´@Z£ô@Z¤ô@Z¥tÀZ¦4²¤£HOW HUMANS FEEL ABOUT BUCK£(Each human character feels2differently about Buck and<treats him in a different way.PManuel does not care about BuckZand steals the dog for the moneydhe will bring.xPerrault has respect and admiration‚for Buck as a working dog.¢àá&£€²¤£(John Thornton shows deep loyalty2and love for Buck, and Buck returns<these feelings.dThe Yeehat Indians think Buck isna Ghost Dog and have a superstitiousxdread of him.¢àá)@:à'~ªà'~Àà'~Ö€²¤£BUCK'S HUMAN EMOTIONS£(Buck is often described in human2terms, with human needs and feelings.FFor example, Buck hunts and killsPa moose because "he wished stronglyZfor larger and more formidabledquarry."xBuck wants to prove himself rather‚than simply hunt for food.–Would a real dog feel this way?¢àá m€²¤£BUCK'S HUMAN EMOTIONS£BUCK AS THE CENTRAL CHARACTER2Why does Buck have human feelings?FBuck is the main character of thePstory.dReaders must understand andnsympathize with him for thexstory to be interesting.¢àá ô€²¤£CONTRASTING THE DOGS' PERSONALITIES£(London's dogs have their own moods2and personalities.F¡Spitz¡, "friendly in a treacherousPway," is a veteran of the trail whoZis hostile to the other dogs in thedteam.Œ¡Pike¡, "the malingerer," pretends–illness to shirk the hard work he dislikes.¢àá"e¤¡à#¦£¡€²¤£(¡Dave¡ is devoted to duty and will2"die in the traces."n¡Buck¡ shows a fierce desire forxpower, great pride, and endurance.¢àá#@,à ‹/€²¤£BUCK'S SELF-RELIANCE£(Buck's self-reliance grows as he2learns to survive in the Klondike.FThe important first step he takesPin learning to survive is when heZdiscards his "civilized" behaviordand steals food from his master.xThis bold and cunning act shows‚that he can adapt to life in theŒwild and compete for survival.¢àá d€²¤£BUCK'S SELF-RELIANCE£BUCK DEVELOPS SELF-RELIANCE2Buck's self-reliance grows as he<learns each lesson of survival.PHe learns how to sleep in theZsnow from the other dogs in thedteam.xHe competes with and ultimately‚kills his rival, Spitz.–Finally, he becomes the leader of a wolf pack and is completelyªself-reliant.¢àá 'à0¯]à0°¶à0°Îà0°è€²¤£BUCK'S SELF-RELIANCE£BUCK DEVELOPS SELF-RELIANCE2Some events do not help Buck<become self-reliant.PThese include his kidnapping andZhis first encounter with snow.dHe reacts to them, but they do notnhelp him learn self-reliance.‚His love for John does not increaseŒBuck's self-reliance either. He–almost leaps off a cliff at John's playful command.¢àá %€²¤£PRIDE AND INDEPENDENCE£(By the end of the book, Buck has2become a self-sufficient survivor.FBuck "was aware of a great pridePin himself -- a pride greaterZthan any he had yet experienced."nEarlier, Buck had learned to hunt,xstay alive on the trail, and win‚the struggle for power over theŒother dogs. But in the end, "He had killed man,ªthe noblest game of all, and he´had killed in the face of the law¾of club and fang."€²¤(In killing the Yeehat Indians,2Buck disregards everything he<learned from his human masters.PKilling the Yeehats is proof thatZBuck can survive on his own in thedwild.€²¤£BUCK'S CONFLICT£(The "call of the wild" urging Buck2to live a free and independent life<in the wilderness conflicts with hisFdevotion and loyalty to a good master.Z"Faithfulness and devotion, thingsdof fire and roof, were his; yet henretained his wildness and wiliness."‚Buck loves to hunt. He killsŒlarger and larger game. He–also meets a wild wolf and befriends it.¢àá ýà0¥r€²¤£BUCK'S CONFLICT£(Still, in the end his great love2for John conflicts with the lure<of the wilderness. Buck returnsFto camp - and to John.nBuck's loyalty to humans vanishesxonly after John is dead. Without‚a human master, Buck becomesŒfully wild.¢àá)Pcà -€ÀZ±´@Z²tÀZ³´@Z´tÀZµ´@Z¶tÀZ·´@Z¸ô@Z¹tÀZº´@Z»tÀZ¼´@Z½t²¤£BUCK BECOMES A LEADER£(Buck learns how to be a sled dog2and eventually becomes the leader<of the team.PFirst he learns obedience, "theZlaw of club and fang," from thedman in the red sweater.ŒNext he is taken to the North and–first encounters snow.ªThen he learns from other dogs´how to sleep in snow.¢àá sà(o›€²¤£BUCK BECOMES A LEADER£(When Buck joins the team, jealous2Spitz attacks him.ZBuck competes with Spitz anddfinally helps kill the veterannleader.‚At last, having proven hisŒdominance, Buck becomes leader–of Perrault's team.¢àá pà"=›à4¡à3¡¦€²¤£THOSE WHO PERISH£(A series of events shows how Hal,2Charles, and Mercedes are tenderfeet<who cannot survive.P1. Hal flaunts a pistol that onlyZ demonstrates his "sheerd callowness."x2. The three overload a sled. They‚ need "half the weight and twiceŒ the dogs." 3. They drive the dogs too hard.ª First Dub, then others, die in´ harness.¢àá$†¡à(ê¡à2 €²¤£THOSE WHO PERISH£(4. Mercedes refuses to get down from2 the sled until the men force< her off.P5. John Thornton warns them aboutZ the trail, but they ignore him.n6. Finally, all three die whenx "the bottom drops out" of the‚ trail, and they fall through thinŒ ice into a freezing river.¢àá$†¡à(ê¡à2 €²¤£BUCK'S LOVE FOR JOHN£(A series of events show how much2Buck loves John.F1. John rescues Buck when Hal isP about to kill the dog.d2. Without thinking, John ordersn Buck to leap off a cliff. Thenx he has to stop the loyal dog‚ from jumping!–3. When John's boat overturns,  Buck saves him from drowning.¢àá gà)‰€²¤£BUCK'S LOVE FOR JOHN£(4. In town, Buck wins a bet for2 John by pulling a heavy sled.F5. Buck avenges John's deathP by killing the Yeehats whoZ attacked the camp andd murdered his master.¢àá gà)‰€²¤£A KILLER DOG£(Buck chases and sometimes kills2many types of prey. His hunting<exercises grow in danger andFdifficulty.Z1. He chases a snowshoe rabbit,d but Spitz kills it.Œ2. Buck stalks and fights Spitz,– helping to kill him.¢àá mà1o³à"¡³€²¤£A KILLER DOG£(3. Then Buck slaughters a blind2 black bear.Z4. He chases and kills ad dangerous bull moose.–5. At last, Buck even hunts and  kills humans -- "the noblestª game of all."¢àá îà,t¾à'¾à+7|€²¤£THE EVILS OF CIVILIZATION£(London often demonstrates the2corruption of "civilized" people.FManuel steals Buck to pay a gamblingPdebt.dThe man in the red sweater brutallynbeats dogs to make them obedient.‚Mercedes, Charles, and Hal overloadŒtheir sled with frivolous luxuries.€²¤£THE EVILS OF CIVILIZATION£CIVILIZATION'S GREATEST EVIL2The most important example of the<corruption of civilization is JohnFThornton's greed.ZThough basically a good man, Johndis lured by dreams of wealth tonseek the Lost Cabin mine.‚Ironically, instead of gold, heŒfinds death at the hands of the–Yeehat Indians.ªJack London suggests that greed´is civilization's greatest evil.€²¤£BUCK CONTROLS HIS DESTINY£2Buck fully answers the "call of<the wild" and becomes the leader ofFa pack of wolves and sings "the songPof the pack."n"He may be seen at the head of thexpack ... his great throat a-bellow‚as he sings a song of the youngerŒworld, which is the song of the–pack."¢àá-.à-~à-Åà-¶à0›€²¤£A BULLY'S REWARD£(Soon after John becomes Buck's2master, Black Burton strikes<John, and Buck attacks the drunkenFbully.ZBuck's attack shows the depth ofdhis loyalty to John.xHe disregards "the law of club‚and fang" and turns on a humanŒbeing in order to protect John.¢¡àá2…¡€ÀZÄ´@ZÅtÀZÆ´@ZÇtÀZÈ´@ZÉtÀZÊ´@ZËtÀZÌ´@ZÍtÀZÎ4ÀZÏ4²¤£THE LURE OF GOLD, THE NEED FOR DOGS£2In 1896-97, "men, groping in the<Arctic darkness, had found a yellowFmetal."ZThousands of men joined a great golddrush.x"These men wanted dogs, and the‚dogs they wanted were heavy dogs,Œwith strong muscles by which to–toil."ªThe dog teams pulled sleds, the´only reliable means of transportation¾in the Northland.¢àá4à3%€²¤£DREAMS OF A SAVAGE£(Buck's dreams of "a hairy man"2suggest the St. Bernard's wild<ancestry.PHis visions are like a memory ofZprimitive days when dogs weredwolf-like, and humans lived in caves.xLondon suggests that these‚memories of the Stone Age live inŒBuck's civilized mind and urge–him to become more primitive and wild.¢àá/€²¤£STRENGTH AND HEREDITY£(Although he is a newcomer to the2North, Buck quickly defeats the<other sled dogs to become theFleader.ZLondon explains that Buck inheriteddmuch of his personality and strength.xHis father was "a huge St. Bernard,"‚his mother "a Scotch shepherd dog."¢àá ·€²¤£STRENGTH AND HEREDITY£(Buck inherits strength and endurance2from his father and a lively<intelligence from his mother.PThese qualities "made for greatness"Zin Buck.¢àá n€²¤£STRENGTH AND HEREDITY£REMOTE ANCESTORS2Heredity plays an important role in<the story, not only through Buck'sFparents, but through his more remotePhalf-wild ancestors.dAs Buck adapts, "instincts long deadnbecame alive again. The domesticatedxgenerations fell from him. In vague‚ways he remembered back to the youthŒof the breed." Buck's heredity allows him to learnªquickly "the old tricks" of wild´dogs and wolves.¢àá ïà0Ë€²¤£ADAPT OR DIE£(London shows that intelligence2alone cannot guarantee survival.<All creatures must learn to adaptFto their environment.ZHal, Charles, and Mercedes aredintelligent but refuse to learn tonadapt in the Klondike.‚They do not think they need adviceŒfrom the experienced prospectors. They do not adapt, and they die.¢àá4¨à3À€²¤£THE DEMANDS OF INSTINCT£(In the North, Buck gradually2learns to rely on his instincts.FThe rigors of life on the trailPand in the wild awaken hisZinstincts for survival.nLater, Buck hunts such wild preyxas rabbits and even moose. His‚instincts lead him to kill fromŒnecessity (for food) and from–pride (to assert his strength).¢àá <€²¤£THE DEMANDS OF INSTINCT£("The dominant primordial beast"2in Buck leads to a deadly competition<with Spitz.PFinally, Buck becomes the leader ofZa wolf pack, answering an instinctdthat goes all the way back to hisnearliest wild heritage.‚By becoming a hunter, killing Spitz,Œand leading the wolves, Buck satisfies–his instinctive drive to be first and best.¢àá ƒ€²¤£THE MAIL MUST GO THROUGH£(Perrault sells Buck to a Scotch2half-breed who transports mail.F"So many were the men who hadPrushed into the Klondike, and soZmany were the sweethearts, wives,dand kin that had not rushed in,nthat the congested mail was takingxon Alpine proportions."ŒDelivering the great volume of mail–on time over difficult terrain is a very demanding job. The scheduleªleaves Buck weak and exhausted.¢àá4 à3$€²¤£A LAW DEFEATED£(After Spitz dies, Buck scores a2victory over "the law of club and<fang."PAs Francois chases him with a club,ZBuck "retreated around and arounddthe camp, advertising plainly thatnwhen his desire was met, he wouldxcome in and be good."ŒBuck cleverly escapes punishment–and becomes the leader of the dog team.´This incident shows that Buck¾will survive because he is cunningÈand intelligent.€²¤£FREEDOM IN THE WILDERNESS£(Although the wilderness poses many2difficult challenges, it offers one<great reward: absolute freedom.PLondon shows that strong individualsZare free to do exactly what theydwish when they live in thenwilderness.‚Buck is at the peak of his strength,Œintelligence, and power when he–is free and on his own in the wild.ªAlthough Buck gains a lot, he must´pay a price for this freedom. Buck¾abandons all the values and comfortsÈof civilized life.¢àá-Mà-^à-n€²¤£CHILDREN OF THE WILD£(After Buck goes wild,<"Yeehats noted a change in theFbreed of timber wolves: forPsome were seen with splashesZof brown on head and muzzle,dand with a rift of whitencentering down their chest."‚These wolves are Buck's offspring.–Buck's intelligence, instincts, and strength will be passed onªto them.¢àá0(à0Bà0\€ÀZ×4ÀZØ4ÀZÙ´@ZÚô@ZÛtÀZÜ4ÀZÝ´@ZÞtÀZß4ÀZà4ÀZá4ÀZâ4²¤£"DEVIL" DOGS£(When Perrault calls Spitz "one2devil," Francois replies, "Dat<Buck two devils."PFrancois knows Buck is strongZand intelligent. He meansdBuck is better than two dogsnlike Spitz.‚Although Perrault fears that SpitzŒwill kill Buck, Francois knows–that the reverse is more likely.¢àá jà"N€²¤£WHEN THE "BOTTOM DROPS OUT"£(Hal, Mercedes, and Charles die2when the "bottom drops out" of<the trail.PWarm spring weather has meltedZthe ice over the river. Thed"bottom" of the trail across thenriver literally "drops out."‚The three fall through the thinŒice and drown.€²¤£FIGHTING LIKE WOLVES£(When a husky attacks Curly, Buck2learns about the wolf style of<fighting.PThe husky knows "how to strikeZand leap away" as a wolf does.dOther huskies surround thenfighters.‚When Curly is defeated, "theyŒclosed in on her, snarling and–yelping" in order to kill her.ªIn the North, the loser must die.´Only the strong and fit survive.¢àá0fà0¿à0Ù€²¤£USING DESCRIPTIONS£(Jack London uses key phrases to2characterize the setting in his<stories.PFor example, the location ofZJudge Miller's ranch is oftenddescribed as the ¡"sun-kissed"¡nSanta Clara Valley.‚This phrase suggests the warmthŒand pleasantness of the Southland.€²¤£(When Buck lands at the beach of2Dyea, ¡"all was confusion and<action."¡PBuck must avoid the heavy trafficZof men and wagons.€²¤£(As Buck and his friends struggle2through the soft snow of a spring<thaw, London says ¡"the . . . murmurFof awakening life"¡ surrounds them.ZIronically, the same warmth meltsdthe ice and causes death as mennand dogs fall into the stillxfreezing waters.€²¤£(Finally, the fabled Lost Cabin2mine is ¡"steeped in tragedy and<shrouded in mystery."¡PJohn and his partners try toZpenetrate the mystery only todbecome part of the tragic storynsurrounding the lost gold mine.€²¤£"BUCK WAS THE EXCEPTION"£(Spitz "feels his supremacy2threatened by this strange<Southland dog, Buck."POf all the Southland dogsZSpitz has known, "not one haddshown up worthily in camp andnon the trail . . . . Buck wasxthe exception."ŒSpitz recognizes Buck's outstanding–qualities. The fierce team leader knows he must guard his positionªagainst this newcomer.¢àá €²¤£SARCASM£(Sarcasm is used to insult or demean.<A sarcastic remark is biting,Fmocking, or contemptuous.PThe speaker states the oppositeZof what he/she means in order to calldattention to what is beingncriticized.‚Jack London uses sarcasm when heŒcalls Mercedes, Charles, and Hal–a "nice family party."ªThese quarrelsome tenderfeet are´anything but nice. Ignorant of the¾laws of survival, they becomeÈunpleasant, irritating, and arrogant.€²¤(London's remark emphasizes how2unsuited they are for life on the<trail.PHow is sarcasm different from irony?dIrony also states the opposite ofnwhat is true or expected.‚But irony is usually gentler thanŒsarcasm and doesn't have the same–"bite."€²¤£THE AUTHOR'S TONE£(Although London praises the virtues2of civilization, he admires Buck's<independence and strength.P"He was a killer . . . living onZthings that lived, unaided, alone . . .dsurviving triumphantly in a hostilenenvironment where only the strongxsurvive."€²¤£THE VOICE OF THE WOLF£("The call of the wild" is the2urge to become primitive, wild,<and free of the restraints ofFcivilization.ZBuck first hears it in the distantdcries of the wolves. Their callnechoes Buck's growing urge to runxfree.ŒJack London suggests that the call–is really Buck's instinctive yearning to be like his wild ancestors.¢àá0®€²¤£THE VOICE OF THE WOLF£(Externally, Buck hears " . . . a2long-drawn howl, like, yet unlike,<any noise made by a husky dog."PThe call is strong because itZarouses Buck's deepest desires fordfreedom.¢àá0p€²¤£DIALECT AND CHARACTER£(Some characters in the story speak2in dialect.FThe French-Canadian, Perrault,Pcannot pronounce the ¡th¡ sound:Z"Dat Spitz fight lak hell."nHans, a German immigrant, talksxlike this: "Py Jingo! Not mineself‚either."–O'Brien speaks with an Irish brogue: "It's little faith I'm having, John,ªthat the beast can do the trick."€²¤£(The "king of the Skookum Benches"2has the speech mannerisms of a stage<Englishman: "Gad, sir! Gad, sir! ....FI offer you eight hundred for him,Psir, before the test, sir."dJack London liked to use dialects tonenhance his characterizations, butxhis rendering is sometimes clumsy.ŒThese dialects may create stereotypes–of different nationalities rather than realistic characters.€ÀZì4ÀZí4ÀZî4ÀZï´@Zðô@Zñô@ZòtÀZó4ÀZô´@ZõtÀZö4ÀZ÷´@ZøtÀZù´@Zút²¤£TO FAWN UPON£(To ¡fawn upon¡ someone is to behave2abjectly; to cringe in submission.FA coward might fawn upon a bully toPkeep the bully from attacking him.dAt the house of the man in thenred sweater, some beaten dogsx"fawned upon the man, and wagged‚their tails, and licked his hand."–¡Fawning¡ behavior is considered humiliating, demeaning, evenªcontemptible.¾London uses this word toÈsuggest that the beaten dogsÒhave been broken in spirit.€²¤£PRIMORDIAL£¡(Primordial¡ describes something2savage, ancient, and primitive.FA primordial landscape would be aPprimitive one -- perhaps completeZwith dinosaurs.nJack London says, "The dominantxprimordial beast was strong in Buck."ŒThis word suggests that Buck's basic–nature is primitive and savage, inherited from his ancient ancestors.€²¤£PRIMORDIAL: SYNONYMS£(When Buck is taken from California2to the Klondike, he is "suddenly<jerked from the heart of civilizationFand flung into the heart of thingsPprimordial."dMany synonyms for ¡primordial¡ncome from the Latin word, ¡primus¡,xmeaning "first."€²¤(Synonyms for ¡primordial¡:<8primitiveF8primevalP8primalnThese synonyms mean "basic, unrefined,xvery early in development" - or‚"first."€²¤£CHIVALROUS£(Chivalry is the Medieval code of2conduct for knights and gentlemen.FToday we speak of ¡chivalrous¡Pbehavior when someone acts nobly,Zcourteously, or gallantly.nMercedes "had been chivalrouslyxtreated all her days."ŒIn other words, men had treated–her with courtesy and consideration.ªThe implication is that such´special treatment has made¾Mercedes unfit to survive on herÈown in the wilderness.€²¤£QUARRY£¡(Quarry¡ has several meanings. It can2mean "prey, the object or<victim of a hunt."PA hunter's quarry is the animalZhe or she hunts.nLondon says Buck longs forx"larger and more formidable‚quarry" after he kills a bear.–His quarry turns out to be a moose that Buck stalks andªkills.€²¤£(In other contexts ¡quarry¡ can mean:<("an open excavation from whichF(stone is mined,"Zˆorn8"to cut dig or blast stone,"‚ˆor–H"a square or diamond shape."€²¤£GAUNT£(To be ¡gaunt¡ is to be very thin.<A gaunt person is bony and wasted --F"all skin and bones."ZA victim of starvation becomesdgaunt as he wastes away.xLondon describes the old husky‚Sol-leks as "long and lean andŒgaunt." Sol-leks' long experience on theªtrail and his harsh life have´made him very lean.€²¤£ADORATION£(¡Adoration¡ is a worshipful, unselfish2love.F"For the most part," Buck's love forPJohn "was expressed in adoration."dAdoration is so unselfish that itnseems pure and almost religiousxin nature.ŒBuck thinks of John as his god and–worships him as a person might worship God.€²¤£AURORA BOREALIS£(The ¡aurora borealis¡ is often2called the "northern lights."FThis atmospheric phenomenonPlights polar skies with intricateZpatterns of red, green, or blue.nThe Yeehat Indians sometimes seexBuck in the "glimmering borealis."ŒUnder the flickering illumination–of the northern lights, Buck looks like a Ghost Dog to them.€²¤£METAPHOR: "A WIND BIT HIM"£(A metaphor is a figure of speech.2It compares two things ¡without¡<using the words, "like" or "as."P"He traveled down the road of life"Zis a metaphor comparing life to adroad.€²¤£(Here is a metaphor from ¡The Call2of the Wild.¡F"A chill wind . . . nipped himPsharply and bit with especialZvenom into his wounded shoulder."nThe words "bit with venom" implyxthat the wind is a poisonous snake.‚This metaphor vividly describesŒthe pain Buck suffers.€²¤£PERSONIFICATION: "THE EARTH ATE"£(¡Personification¡ is a figure of2speech that gives human qualities<to something that is not alive.PDescribing the melting ice, LondonZsays that the earth "ate away fromdbelow; the sun ate away from above."€²¤£(Personification, a special type of2metaphor, often helps communicate a<mood. In this case, the mood isFmenacing.ZThe sun and the earth will "eat"dthe ice, making the trail unstable.nLondon hints that travelers mayxbe "eaten," too.€²¤£SIMILE: "VOICE LIKE AN ELECTRIC@SHOCK"£<A simile compares two dissimilarFthings, usually by using thePwords, ¡"like"¡ or ¡"as"¡.d"He was fresh as a daisy" is ansimile comparing a person to axflower.ŒIn the book, John calls for help,–and his voice "acted on Buck like an electric shock."´The simile emphasizes Buck's¾devotion to John. Buck'sÈreaction is immediate, as if heÒhad received an electric shock.€ÀZ4ÀZ´@Zô@ZtÀZ4ÀZ ´@Z tÀZ 4ÀZ 4ÀZ 4ÀZ´@ZtÀZ´@ZtÀZ4²¤£GENRE£¡(Genre¡ refers to any specific type2or category of art.F¡The Call of the Wild¡ belongs toPa special genre of literature:Zthe adventure novel. It is adclassic of its kind.xAs with many adventure stories,‚the central conflict is aŒstruggle for survival. Buck has a series of adventures as heªovercomes obstacles to his survival.€²¤£THE PROTAGONIST£(The protagonist of the story is2the main character. Usually<this character must accomplishFa goal.ZThe protagonist often changes ordgrows in the course of the story.xAlthough he is a dog, Buck is the‚protagonist of ¡The Call of theŒWild.¡¢àá B€²¤£THE PROTAGONIST£(He is the character whom the2reader follows most closely.FHe learns to survive, adapts,Pand changes as the story unfolds.dHis struggle for survival is thenmost important one in the book.¢àá B€²¤£THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SETTING£2The rugged, forbidding setting of<¡The Call of the Wild¡ is a veryFimportant element in the story.ZAbove all, the book in an adventuredof survival, and the setting itselfnis a challenge to survival.‚Therefore, the setting reinforcesŒthe book's central themes and–conflicts.¢àá-à-¡à-€²¤£FORESHADOWING£(¡Foreshadowing¡ is a writer's way to2suggest or hint at what will happen<later in the story. The writerFuses an event like a "shadow" ofPa later, more important event.dBuck's behavior in civilizationnforeshadows his experience in thexwild.ŒFor example, on Judge Miller's–farm, Buck hunts birds for sport with the Judge's sons. In theªwild, he finds more dangerous´sport by hunting a moose.¢àá,Â%€²¤(On the ranch, Buck dominates the2Judge's terriers. In the wild,<he dominates the tough sled dogs.dBuck dreams peaceful dreams bynthe Judge's fire. In the wild,xthese dreams become primitive ones‚of a hairy man.ªBuck guards the Judge's grandsons,´protecting them from harm. Later,¾he protects John from drowningÈand from Black Burton's attack.¢àá"HÉà#G¦à/ƒ»€²¤£MORE ABOUT FORESHADOWING2Buck's first theft of food<foreshadows his later accomplishmentFas the best food thief in the team.ZAs the other dogs teach Buck todsleep in snow, so wolves laternteach him their ways of huntingxand fighting. Finally, the death of Spitz, Buck'sªfirst dangerous enemy, foreshadows´the deaths of the Yeehats.¢àá0~®à'ÀÑà'Àçà'Àü€²¤£LONDON AND DARWIN£(¡The Call of the Wild¡ is about Buck,2a rugged individualist who relies<on his own strength to survive.PAs a young man, Jack London read theZworks of Charles Darwin.n¡The Call of the Wild¡ shows London'sxpreoccupation with Darwin's theories‚of evolution, natural selection, andŒsurvival of the fittest. London also refers to Darwin'sªideas in other books: ¡The Sea Wolf¡, ¡´The Iron Heel¡, and ¡Martin Eden¡.€²¤£SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST2According to Darwin, the survival<of the fittest insures that theFstrongest animals will survivePand produce offspring.dThese offspring inherit thenstrengths of their parents andxpass them on to the next generation.€²¤£SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST2Buck is more fit to survive than many<of the other sled dogs. He is strongerFand more cunning than Spitz, and he hasPmore endurance than Dave.dThese, and other qualities, allownhim to survive while others perish.xBuck is a dramatic example of the‚survival of the fittest.¢àá ‘j€²¤£DRAMATIC CONFLICT£(There are many dramatic conflicts2in ¡The Call of the Wild¡. Buck<struggles against the harsh climate,Fother vicious dogs, and cruel humanPmasters.dHowever, the central conflict isnan internal struggle betweenxBuck's civilized training and his‚wild instincts.–Since instinct is deeper and older than training, London believes itªis stronger.€²¤(In the end, Buck overcomes the2training which taught him loyalty<to humans. He follows his instinctsFand kills the Yeehats.ZFinally, Buck surrenders completelydto instinct and becomes thenleader of a wolf pack.‚The conflict between learning andŒinstinct is over. Instinct has won.€²¤£SUSPENSE£(A writer can create suspense in2many ways. He may hint at what<will happen, or create threateningFsituations, or present excitingPconflicts.dAuthor Jack London often createsnsuspense by presenting dangerousxphysical conflicts.ŒExamples of physical conflict are:  Buck's struggles with Spitz,´ his hardships in the brutal¾ environment,Ò his conflict with the Yeehats.€²¤(Each conflict is a physical2threat to Buck's life.FWhen readers ask, "Will BuckPsurvive this danger?" they areZresponding to the suspense ofdthe story.€²¤£PARALLELS£(London draws many parallels between2human and animal behavior.FHe describes cruelty, greed, loyalty,Pand cooperation in human and animalZcharacters.nMost of the time humans and animalsxseem to be very much alike.ŒPeople and animals often display–parallel reactions.€²¤£(For example, when the man in the2red sweater treats Buck savagely,<the dog responds with the sameFbehavior.nBuck only gives love when hexreceives love from John. The‚man and the animal have parallelŒemotions.¢àá(HÜà)Žâ€²¤£WHY LONDON DRAWS PARALLELS2By creating parallels between<animals and people, London canFcomment ¡indirectly¡ on humanPbehavior and the nature of society.dHe suggests that Buck's virtues asna creature of the wild -- pride,xindividualism, courage, confidence,‚strength -- may also be admirableŒin humans, under the right–circumstances.ªAs Buck succeeds in the wild,´so might a human survive in¾the competitive "civilized"Èworld.€²¤£CHOOSING A TITLE£¡(The Call of the Wild¡ is an excellent2title for London's book.FThe words suggest the lure of thePwilderness, the temptation to runZfree, and the appeal of an independentdlife.xThis title sums up the conflict‚between Buck's civilized learningŒand his instinctive desire to be–wild and free.€²¤£SYMBOLISM: AN ACT OF LOVE£(Buck accomplishes the impossible2and pulls a 1000-pound sled. His<moment of triumph is an importantFone in the story.ZIt is dramatic and exciting, but itdalso has an important symbolic meaning.xAs Buck strains to pull the sled‚John whispers, "As you love me,ŒBuck." Buck's success represents theªstrength of his love and devotion´for John.ÈThe dog's physical strength is symbolicÒof the strength of his feelings.€²¤£CHARACTERS AS SYMBOLS£2Many characters symbolize or<represent ideas or principlesFimportant to Jack London.ZSPITZ, with his "strength, savagery,dand cunning," symbolizes the tough,nseasoned trail dog.‚The gardener MANUEL, addicted toŒgambling, is a victim of -- and a–symbol for -- the corruption and greed of mankind.´JUDGE MILLER, a gentlemanly rancher,¾symbolizes the soft life of theÈcivilized Southland.¢àá Áà"à#nà)¦à$ˆ€²¤£CHARACTERS AS SYMBOLS£2DAVE, who insists on remaining with<the team even when he is dying,Frepresents a strong devotion to duty.ZYoung HAL with his gunbelt embodiesd"callowness sheer and unutterable,"narrogance, and weakness.‚JOHN THORNTON, in his relationshipŒwith Buck, stands for the civilized–virtues of cooperation and interdependence.´Finally, BUCK, symbolizes devotion,¾strength, and the pure spirit withinÈall living things that yearns toÒbe free.¢àá à"tà#•à%µà)Ó€ÀZ4ÀZ´@ZtÀZ 4ÀZ!´@Z"ô@Z#tÀZ$´@Z%ô@Z&tÀZ'´@Z(tÀZ)´@Z*tÀZ+´@Z,ô@Z-tÀZ.4ÀZ/4ÀZ0´@Z1t²¤£HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT£(London stresses that Buck is2descended from "primordial beasts"<and has inherited "the instinctsFof the wild."ZAlthough these instincts are alwaysda part of Buck, in the "sun-kissed"nSouth where life is easy, he doesxnot need them to survive.ŒIn the North, Buck must rely on–his instincts to stay alive. When he is forced to compete with otherªdogs and struggle against the´environment, he becomes more wild.€²¤£HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT£COMPETING AND SURVIVING2¸BUCK2èSPITZFBuck and Spitz share an intense andPdeadly competition for the teamZleadership.nBuck must fight Spitz for masteryxof the team. If Buck does not,‚Spitz will eventually kill Buck.ŒTheir conflict is unavoidable. The dogs' instincts and the demandsªof the harsh environment mean that´only one dog can survive.ÈThe "law of club and fang" dictatesÒthat the loser must die.¢àá µà"ꀲ¤£THE LAST LINK TO CIVILIZATION£(Each year Buck returns to the site2of John's death.F"Here he muses for a time, howlingPonce, long and mournfully, ere heZdeparts."nAlthough Buck is free in the wild-xerness, he retains a strong memory‚of his kind master, John.¢àá)q€²¤£THE LAST LINK TO CIVILIZATION£(Buck has disgarded all "civilized"2behavior but keeps this one link to<the master he loved.PJack London implies that the powerZof such love is very great.¢àá)q€²¤£BUCK'S FATE£(Without the great Klondike gold2rush, Buck never would have become<a wild and free animal.PThe discovery of gold brings theZprospectors who need sled dogs.nBuck is kidnapped and learns howxto pull a sled and survive on his‚own, wild, free, and independent.¢àá ဲ¤£BUCK'S FATE£BUCK BECOMES A LEGEND2The Yeehats have a superstitious<dread of Buck.PThey think he is an evil spiritZand call him a Ghost Dog.nAs time passes, his legend willxgrow among the Yeehats.¢àá à€²¤£BUCK'S FATE£BUCK BECOMES A LEGEND2Eventually, people in the Klondike<will tell stories about the half-wildFdog with incredible strength andPcunning who leads a pack of wolves.dAs with most legends, Buck's storynprobably will become exaggerated,xembellished, and re-told many times.¢àá ဲ¤£THE ROLE OF MORALITY£¡(The Call of the Wild¡ dramatizes2London's observation that "morality<is only an evidence of low bloodFpressure."ZLondon implies that moral behavior isdpracticed only by people who arenweak and fear the consequences ofxbreaking the rules.–By the end of the book, Buck has become conventionally "immoral;"ªfor he is a thief and a man-killer.€²¤£(However, London presents Buck's2"immorality" as the product of his<strength of body and mind - and theFreason for his survival.ZBut civilization has its own rules.dTheft, murder, and other immoralnbehavior are not tolerated inxsociety.€²¤£THE BEST OF CIVILIZATION£(John proves he is worthy of Buck's2devotion. He protects Buck from<mistreatment and death at the handsFof the arrogant tenderfoot, Hal.ZUnlike Hal, Black Burton, or the mandin the red sweater, John Thornton isna truly "civilized" man who standsxfor love and fair play.¢àá) €²¤£THE BEST OF CIVILIZATION£(Later John allows Buck to regain his2strength and confidence. John shows<that he trusts Buck by allowing theFdog to bite him affectionately.ZHis understanding and compassion fordBuck win the dog's absolute love.¢àá)‹€²¤£THE BEST OF CIVILIZATION£LIFE IN THE WILD2In the wild, competitors cannot have<compassion or sympathy. They mustFtake advantage of any weakness.ZIf Buck allowed a fighting wolf adfair chance, the wolf would quicklynkill him.‚But in civilization, fair play andŒcooperation encourage the growth–of trust and love.ªBecause love unites all creatures´and makes civilized behavior possible,¾it is the highest virtue ofÈcivilization.¢àá)J€²¤£LONDON'S NATURALIST PHILOSOPHY£(All his life Jack London alternated2between contrasting philosophies.FAlthough he called himself "aPSocialist with an unshakableZbelief in the brotherhood ofdMan," he also admired strongnleaders.‚However, London believed thatŒall should be equal, with no one–ruling by force.ªThis notion conflicted with his´admiration for the strong loner¾who dominates others by hisÈpersonality or physical strength.€²¤£LONDON'S NATURALIST PHILOSOPHY£ANSWERING THE CALL2In ¡The Call of the Wild¡, London<suggests that different environmentsFrequire different philosophies.ZThe civilized world of Judge Millerddepends on cooperation, fairness,nand justice.‚The Judge's profession is justiceŒand law. Although the civilized world mayªcontain cruel and evil men (the man´in the red sweater, Hal, Manuel), it¾works best when cooperation andÈjustice prevail.€²¤£LONDON'S NATURALIST PHILOSOPHY£ANSWERING THE CALL2In contrast, the world of the North<depends only on the law of survival.PHere, the strongest animal lives,Zand the others die.nIn the North, the strong leader,xnot the cooperative, benevolent‚character, is the one who willŒsurvive.€²¤£LONDON'S NATURALIST PHILOSOPHY£CURING THE ILLS OF SOCIETY2Judge Miller and John Thornton<represent the ideals of justice andFcooperation.ZBut London did not think that mostd"civilized" people were sufficientlynfair or just.‚He believed that mutual cooperationŒand fair-play would correct many of–the problems of modern society.€²¤£LONDON'S NATURALIST PHILOSOPHY£AN IDEAL WORLD2In London's ideal world, all humans<would possess John's sense of fairFplay and kindness.ZHowever, London doubted that peopledcould ever approach such an ideal.xThe Judge's peaceful ranch in‚California and John's happy campŒin the Klondike are both affected–by greed and violence.€ÀZ=´@Z>tÀZ?´@Z@tÀZA´@ZBô@ZCtÀZD´@ZEtÀZF´@ZGô@ZHtÀZI´@ZJô@ZKô@ZLô@ZMt²¤£ABOUT JACK LONDON£(It seems as if Jack London was meant2to write of adventure, hardship,<travel, and struggle.PHe was born in 1876 to William ChaneyZand Flora Wellman of San Francisco.dHis mother later married John London.xThe son of a small farmer, he grew‚up in a relatively poor family. HeŒworked hard at many jobs from the–time he was only ten.ªThirsting for adventure, he became an´oyster pirate, robbing oyster beds,¾when he was sixteen.€²¤£ABOUT JACK LONDON£THE RUNAWAY2At seventeen, Jack ran away to sea.<For a time he was a drifter and hobo.PAlthough he began college at theZUniversity of California, he droppeddout to go to the Klondike and looknfor gold.‚Jack returned to California a yearŒlater. He had found no gold but had–discovered an exotic setting and wonderful characters for his stories.´London was a writer for the rest¾of his life.€²¤£ABOUT JACK LONDON£A TELLER OF TALES2Some of Jack London's most famous<books are:¡PPThe Call of the WildZPWhite FangdPThe Sea Wolf¡xThese are stirring adventure stories‚of hardship and survival.–London is at his best telling a fast- paced story of exciting adventure.´When he died in 1916, he was a famous¾and successful author.€²¤£OTHER BOOKS BY JACK LONDON£¡(White Fang¡ reverses the story of¡2The Call of the Wild¡. It is<about a wolf-dog who is tamedFand civilized.¡ZThe Son of the Wolf¡ is a collectiondof stories based on London'snKlondike experiences.¡‚Lost Face¡ contains one of London'sŒmost famous stories of the North,–"To Build a Fire."€²¤£OTHER BOOKS BY JACK LONDON£STORIES OF THE PRIMITIVE¡2Before Adam¡ explores a man's<genetic memory of prehistoricFtimes.¡ZThe Scarlet Plague¡, a science-dfiction work, shows how diseasencauses the collapse of civilization.¡‚The Star Rover¡ is a prisoner whoŒfrees his mind by learning–how to re-live his past incarnations.€²¤£OTHER BOOKS BY JACK LONDON£SEA STORIES¡2The Sea Wolf¡ contrasts civilization<and savagery in a gripping storyFof life at sea.¡ZJerry of the Islands¡ is a dog storydset in the South Seas.¡xStories of Hawaii¡ is a collection‚of short stories about theŒPacific Islands.€²¤£BOOKS ABOUT JACK LONDON£(You can learn more about Jack London2and his works from these books.FLabor, Earl. ¡Jack London¡. This is aPgood, short biography and aZdiscussion of London's major works.nO'Connor, Richard. ¡Jack London¡. Thisxfull biography deals with London's‚colorful real-life adventures.€²¤£(Sinclair, Andrew. ¡Jack: The Biography2of Jack London¡. Another biography,<this one is readable and exciting.PWagenknecht, Edward. ¡Cavalcade of theZAmerican Novel¡. This book does thedbest job of discussing London'sncontribution to the American novel.€ÀZT´@ZUô@ZVtÀZW´@ZXô@ZYtÀZZ´@Z[t²¤£BOOKS ABOUT DOGS£(Armstrong, William. ¡Sounder¡ is a2coon dog who lives with a poor<Black farm family in the deepFSouth.ZGipson, Fred. ¡Old Yeller¡ tellsdof the adventures of a Texasncow-dog and his young master,xTravis.ŒKjelgaard, Jim. ¡Big Red¡ and other–books by the same author tell stories of brave dogs in theªnorthern woods.¾Rawls, Wilson. ¡Where the Red FernÈGrows¡ is about Billy, his two huntingÒdogs, and their great love forÜtheir young master.€²¤£BOOKS ABOUT SURVIVAL£(Byrd, William. ¡Alone¡ is a true2adventure. Admiral Byrd spent<an Antarctic winter alone at aFsmall weather base.ZMorrow, Honore. ¡Seven Alone¡ tellsdof a young pioneer boy who mustnlead his orphaned brothers andxsisters to a new home in the‚American West.–O'Dell, Scott. ¡Island of the Blue Dolphins¡ is the adventure ofªKarana, an Indian girl who struggles´to survive on an island.€²¤£BOOKS ABOUT THE POLAR REGIONS£(Burnford, Sheila. ¡The Incredible2Journey¡ is about the rugged trek<of two dogs and a cat throughFthe Canadian wilderness.ZCarrigham, Sally. ¡Wild Voice ofdthe North¡ is the true story ofnhow Bobo, an Eskimo dog, isxraised and trained.ŒGeorge, Jean. ¡Julie of the Wolves¡–tells of a young Eskimo girl who struggles to survive alone inªAlaska with a pack of wolves.€ÀZ_4ÀZ`4ÀZa4ÈXÚ¶b8>[\bh8&&Iøÿ ú^ÑÆá¤û÷}ó}¡½Òž ’Ÿƒgź dØð&zÃø߈ °WI3å\V•öO  % KfQeÂfºY¤/-ˆOò¼³@Mø⦉4Aï܃8ýÀùqŒÑÎV9Á   % >æÒ©òל’7*TÜ.¹É<JŒ=•¹B†ák%Ö, (ØTøY¥kŒÏ¼¥%^V]âì3£_< “r9ÇÚvu’ÕÀz   T0œ4–ï™à-ƒé„›   îz+ŸÅK²^Cwë,É    |/ðkÍ‹…ç O•5Ÿ¬6ûØ\äß   Ýè*Ü6ëC”PáÝâ<lk%æÂqqt9V Ì¿