8L2C)pJJJJ IH(ȱH:=IH[H`@HcH  $ +   I/H`JLNGȄBȄF aK  haaFF  mJm# KKJ UJ )J ۈ) ;J3ȱJFȱJGJKaȄM  aaNNJFLGJL LWB.FOLDERSuHUSTON!%' 'FOLDER1.FLD%!FOLDER2.FLD&'TUTORIAL%' WB.FOLDERS%!LL.FLDE? &PRODOS `DaElH$?EGvѶK+`L HHLy XP LM ŠϠĠӠS)*+,+`F)) (*=GJFjJJA QE'+ '== `@ STSP8QSS8 m P o R(8RFOLDER1.FLDuHUSTON!%' '&BODETT  &!'WB.REFS &&*WB.OUTLINEB!! We're talking big money here. If everyone who ever lost a sock to the wash had kept a record of it, can you imagine the figures we'd be looking at? Truck load upon truck load of mismatched socks are unaccounted for. The dollar value of missing socks inthe dryer lint screen and there's a ball of fuzz, all right, but not a sock's worth. Look in the washer filter and there's some more wet fuzz, but the two together aren't enough to make a nose-warmer. This is an all too familiar household story, right? eating your socks. Or can they? This reeks of conspiracy. I don't think they're telling us everything they know about driers. What do you mean, you see? It makes as much sense as saying the Martians came and got it. Where is that sock? You look in past. Scratchy toilet paper, all but obsolete, can only be found in cheap gas-station rest rooms. They make exhaust vents for smells, thermostats to regulate everything, timers for lights, and central vacuum systems, but they can't keep the laundry from . You may ask you wife, "Honey, where's my other blue sock?" "It was lost in the wash," she says. "Oh, I see." Home product manufacturers have thus far met with every challenge. Problem stains, dull floors, and dishpan hands are all a thing of the e Sock Conspiracy I know we've all heard alot about sock behavior and the petisrn habit they have of disappearing in the laundry. Why isn't someone addressing this issue? People, we have a problem here. We're resigning ourselves to this much too easily    AB 0 BibliographyTable of ContentsTh         PB0%@Y} T%v qASL&KB America alone last year would be equal to the gross national product of many Third World nations. So you can see what we're up against here. It's big. I'm working on it, but in the meantime, I'd wash 'em in the sink and dry 'em by the stove. Just keep your eye on them. Who's behind this and what do they want? Could the garment and appliance industries be in cahoots together, creating an artificial sock demand to keep us buying? Are they buying up patents on sock-safe dryers to keep them under wra, commentator from All Things Considered.$MARK/UNMARK for printing-5new"t,1D$clear,9$edit Use!$SOURCE$ANNOTATION("$ Press OP then preBodett, Tom. As Far As You Can Go Without a Passport: The View from the End of the Road. Reading, Mass.: AddisWA collection of humorous essays by Tom Bodett= UAB on-Wesley, 1986. format change3< from accep PB_%'}ps? Imagine the impact on the sock marker were Sears to come out with a washer-dryer combo that didn't vaporize knitted footwear. FOLDER2.FLDuHUSTON!&' '-INVISIBLE.001&&(WB.NOTESs$&&*WB.OUTLINE2&''WB.REFS8 ''.p(,Ty _p { Arrangement of PartsAttachments and appendixesBefore applying rulesCompare final copy of quoteCopying quotesDistortion and memoryDon't combine notesKey wordsModel outlinesOrganizat !"#$%&'()*+,-./0U.C^ ll  &   yBPB/) H} 8zations, as well as by those people who are self-emploted in any of the progfessions. Use this book primarily as a reference book. Keep it handy and refer to it whenever you have a problem or a question concerning the organization of a document.person who writes on the job, regardless of what the job is. Writing on the job is generally known as business writing. The term business writing refers to the types of writing done by people in the business world, governmental agencies, nonprofit organie organization you for. The book helps you obtain these savings by showing research-proven techniques for organizing a piece of writing. Moreover, you reduce the time and efforts your readers would use to find valuable information. This book is for the  If readers can't find what they need to know, they've wasted time. Regardless of where the time is wasted, the waste increases expenses and cuts into profits. How will this book help me? The use of this book will save time for you, your readers, and thPBp Is the topic of this book important? Certainly. Time is money. As simple and obvious as that statement sounds, it needs to be emphasized as the outset. If a writer takes too long to organize a piece of writing, the writer has wasted time. ion of ideasOutline: IntroductionOutline: main ideaPreliminary workRecap of important rulesRecap of outline pointsReferences for main idea, outlines, researchServe the reader or audienceSource dataSource notesSteps of reorganizationWrite in your own words After the main idea, sections may be arranged according to: chronological order decreasing order of importance persuasive order seqential order comparison-contrast Note: A combination of organizational patterns can occur. As an example, a long rarts of it. The main idea can occupy a sentence, paragraph, or section written to answer these questions -- from the reader's point of view: What's in it or me? How much does it cost? What's the potential profit? What does the writer want me to do? sh the reader's memory...In other cases, it may be necessary to define terms, write an elaborate introduction that takes the reader from known to unknown, or set the context of the document by telling readers how to use the document or what is in various ppon the length and complexity of the documents, the introductory material can consist of a sentence, paragraph, or section that carries the reader into the topic. In some cases, such as a letter you are answering, the introductory material need only refred conclusions and recommendations rather than descriptions of methods, materials, and detailed data. What this research means to writers can be stated in these terms: A document's structure must not ignore the reading habits of it audience. Depending und arguments placed early in a piece of writing are remembered more frequently than those placed later. As a piece of writing becomes longer, less of it will be read, and it will lose readers faster. Readers prefer to read the statement of the problem anl pattern consists of (the following): Researchers have tested adults in a variety of age groups to find out how well they understood and remembered what they've read. The specific findings of this research,..., show the following: Ideas, information, aour notes. Is it possible to have one outline for all writing needs? No. Too many types of documents exist, as do many situations. Still, it is possible to establish a general pattern that will help writers place the main idea early. This generae between notes. Identify each note with a key word that relates to the note's topic (subject). Capitalize, underline, or highlight the key word in some way that is easily visible. If you do not use a key word, you waste time when you want to organize ythe original. Get everything you need the first time through the book or magazine article, and save yourself return trips to the source. And don't rely on memory. Write one item per "card." If you're using sheets of paper (to collect notes), leave spac and put quotation marks around them as a reminder that what you've written down is a direct quote. Long quotations can be photo-copied and the photocopy cut and pasted into the draft for typing. Be careful not to distort the meaning of what was said in it useful for your purposes? When proofreading and rechecking quoted material, the final copy should be compared to the original source if at all possible. Mistakes pop up all too easily in intervening drafts. When copying quotations, copy them exactly, index, bibliography and footnotes. These will also give you an overall view of the document and provide information that makes reading more efficient. o Ask questions such as : Is the document theoretical or practical? General or specific? Mainly, isns, field data, as examples -- can be placed in attachments or appendixes at the end.o Skim a document before taking notes on it. Looking briefly at a document before reading will give you a preview of the content and format. o Look at table of contentseport can be written in pursuasive order, but individual paragraphs or sections of the report can be written in comparison-contrast form. Some details are necessary in the main body of the document, but extensive details -- long tables, complex calculatioWhat are the long-range implications? Short-range? When are things supposed to be done and how? In formal terms, the answers to these questions tell the reader your conclusions and recommendations. Writing involves a lot of note taking, but before you start taking notes, some preliminary work is necessary. This preliminary work includes deciding upon the subject of the document, establishing why it's being written, saying who the intended audience is, and determining to what extent the subject has beeps: Unless you are copying a passage that you want to use for a direct quotation, write your notes in your own words. You do this for three reasons. One, you want the ultimate product to be yours, not someone else's. Two, the act of converting someone ns. After days or weeks or months of work on a document, we arrive at the main idea -- what the piece of writing is all about. In short, what's at stake is reorganization, and reorganizng a document is a task that is easily handled by following these stexed." As writers we know that the main idea doesn't automatically occur to us. That is, we first perform our research. We gather facts, and we accumulate, record, and analyze observations. We write down results, form conclusions, and make recommendatio For each source make up a bibliography (entry) like the one in figure 1b. (FIGURE 1B HERE) On the card (or in the annotation) include your appraisal of the source with comments such as "useful" or "of little help" or "difficult to find materials; not inderch to develop model outlines, and how to organize a document so it will best serve the reader. Each note should also contain source data, which is usually author, short title, and page number. A sample note card is shown in figure 1a. (FIGURE 1A HERE)e of writing and use headings and other signposts to guide the reader. But to get more specific, this chapter introduces you to information that shows how to incorporate the findings of research about readability into your writing, how to apply this reseaze quickly on the main idea of a piece of writing. This principle is supported by research that dates back to 1896. Knowing this principle is one thing, applying it is another. In general, to apply this principle, you place the main idea early in a piec White, Technical Report Writing, 2nd edition, pages 17-20 (footnote here); and Thomas E. Pinelli, et al., "Report-reading Patterns of Technical Managers and Non-managers," Technical Communications 31, pages 20-4. (footnote here) Busy readers want to seiaccomplished by the 1975 publication date of Meyer's work, and she reports on studies dating back to 1896. In more recent years, two studies have summarized the reading habits of managers and non-managers. The studies are in James W. Souther and Myron L.benefits of placing the main idea early in a piece of writing, the principal summary of research is found in Bonnie J. F. Meyer, The Organization of Prose and Its Effects on Memory. (footnote here) A large body of research on organization had been ing habits of your audience; in most cases, this means placing the main idea early. 2. Write early drafts in a form that is easiest for you; then reorganize the document to best serve the reader. 3. Rely on model outlines to save time. Concerning the pal ones to remember are: Write notes in your own words. Arrange notes by topics as identified with key words. When using model outlines and when reading documents, keep in mind the main points of this chapter: 1. Design your writing to serve the readk to the items on the list, and get the job done more efficiently. There is no denying that the taking of notes can be tedious and tiring. It is a task at which you will want to be most efficient. All the items covered here will help you, but the princin covered before. During this preliminary phase, you should also divide the subject into a list of topics and subtopics (outline). Use this list as a guide to taking notes. Don't waste time by scattering your note-taking efforts in too many areas. Sticelse's words to your own causes the words and the thought behind them to register more deeply on your mind. Three, you want to avoid plagerism, the act, inadvertent or otherwise, of using as your own the words or thoughts of others.AB PB_%'} e coveredPerform research and take notesOrganize to serve readerAdd transition and polishPoints to rememberReference Notes (footnotes)NBheaderutlinesIntroductory material The main idea"Logical arrangement of later partsDetails placed in attachment/What the research shows about organized writing"What's at stake is RE-organizationDefine and narrow subjectEstablish the audienceList topics to bby topic Use key wordsInclude source dataMake notes about sources Be carefulWrite legibly and make senseDon't distort or rely on memoryPoints to Remember"Chapter 2: Writing to the Audience&Organizing Writing to Serve the ReaderA First Look at Model O(Chapter 1: Fundamentals of OrganizationRules for Organizing your NotesWrite notes in your own words Ultimate product should be yoursCommit an idea to your own mindAvoid plagerismKeep notes separateIdentify notes 13456)Ig*Ggz*Gw8KPBo!g} 8 79:;<=>?@managers.ece of writing early to increase its effectiveness on the audience.{Discusses the benefits of placing the main idea of a piece of writing early to increase its effectiveness on the audience.n of Newspaper Readership." Journalism Quarterly 24 (1947): 293-306. 31hSouther, James W. and Myron L. White. Technical Report Writing. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1977.sons7): 293-306. 31,Reading habits of managers and nonmanagers.nerns of Technical Managers and Nonmanagers." Technical Communications 31 7Summary of reading habits of managers and nonmanagers.ece of writing early to increase its effectiveness on the audience.ySchramm, Wilbur. "Measuring Another Dimensione Writing Easier." Technical Communications First Quarter 1982.r (3rd quarter 1984).54 (1941): 1-20.om accept,1D$clear,9$edit Use!$SOURCE$ANNOTATION("$ Press OP then prePinelli, Thomas, et al. "Report-reading Pattrose and its Effects on Memory. New York: American Elsevier, 1975.ing ComK/UNMARK;printing.,5new r$ in list,%-copy(. What#copy?)6% Error:< file is full< is linked#note. {Hays, Robert. "Model Outlines Can Make Routielief." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 20 (1925): 174-96.our"Supports Meyer's work. Very old.ain idea early in document. Hard to find.SPACEBAR$MARK/UNMARK for printing-5new"uMeyer, Bonnie J. F. The Organization of Prly in document. Hard to find.SPACEBAR$MARK/UNMARK for printing-5new"nal of Psychology 54 (1941): 1-20.om accept,1D$clear,9$edit Use!$SOURCE$ANNOTATION("$ Press OP then preyLund, Frederick Hansen. "The Psychology of Bt,1D$clear,9$edit Use!$SOURCE$ANNOTATION("$ Press OP then preCofer, Charles N. "A Comparison of Logical and Verbatim Learning of Prose Passages of Difficult Lengths." American JourMSupports Meyer's work on placing main idea ea= AB nal of Psychology 54 (1941): 1-20.om accep  FHABPB/) H} LL.FLDuHUSTON!' '(WB.NOTESGENBACDPBo!}?